Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show？课时3 Grammar-八年级英语同步精品讲义（人教版）

Units 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
Grammar（课时3）
知识精讲

动词不定式
动词不定式由＂to ＋ 动词原形＂构成，有时可以省略to。动词不定式在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语等。动词不定式在句子中不作谓语，所以没有人称、数和时态的变化。
（一）不定式的具体用法：
考点 1
作宾语
在offer，plan，hope，decide，learn， wish，want，agree，refuse，begin， start，forget，remember等动词之后作宾语。
Finally he offered to go shopping with me. 最后他主动提出跟我一起购物。
I want to see a film tomorrow evening. 我想明天晚上去看一部电影。
在know，decide，remember等动词之后可用＂疑问词＋动词不定式＂作宾语。
I don’t want to stay at home, but I don’t know where to go. 我不想待在家里，但是我不知道去哪里。
考点 2
作宾语
补足语
在teach，ask，allow，invite，advise等动词之后用不定式作宾补。
My parents allow me to play computer games at weekends. 我父母允许我周末玩电脑游戏。
在let，make和have之后用省略to的不定式作宾补。
My mother often makes me clean the windows. 我妈妈常常让我擦窗户。
考点 3
作状语
动词不定式表示目的。
They are working hard to save the injured tiger. 他们正在努力营救那只受伤的老虎。
考点4
作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
She was the first person to think of the idea. 她是第一个想出这个主意的人。
考点5
作主语
不定式直接作主语
To say is easy, but to do is not easy. 说起来容易，做起来难。
It作形式主语，不定式（短语）作真正的主语
It is difficult （for me） to learn maths well. （对我来说）学好数学很难。
【巧学妙记】
只能接不定式作宾语的动词
同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装。设法学会强强强
agree （同意）； offer （提出）； plan （计划）； ask （要求）； promise （答应）； help （帮忙）； prepare （准备）；decide （决定）； refuse （拒绝）；dare （敢于）； choose （选择）； wish，hope， want，expect （希望，想要）；fail（不能；忘记）； pretend （假装）； manage （设法）；learn （学会）
（二）不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：
1. 在can／could，may／might，will／would，shall／should，must，need，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。
2. 在表示感觉意义的动词，如see，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示＂致使＂意义的动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。
I often heard him say that he would study hard.
I must have him see his own mistakes.
但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to的不定式一般要转换为带to不定式。
He was often heard to say that he would study hard.
After he had finished speaking, he was made to answer innumerable questions.
3. 在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。
Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.
4. 在had better，would rather，may／might as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带to。
Unless you feel too ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home tonight.
She could not but criticize his foolish behavior.
5. 在make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。
They let go of the rope. 他们松开了绳子。
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me. 约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
I’ve heard tell of him. 我听说过他。
Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students. 由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解雇了。
6. 在介词but，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示＂不得不，只能＂。
He will do anything except work on the farm.
There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender.
The spy was both hungry and cold; there was nothing left for him but to give in.
I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining.
下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。
I can not but admire his courage.
如果上述句中有do，to省略：
I did nothing but watch TV last night.
如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：
I have no choice but to give up my idea.
7. 紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
Why stand up if you can sit down?
Why not ask your teacher when you don’t understand the meaning?
You needn’t decide yet whether to study arts or science.
（三）不定式的完成式和进行式
1. 构成
完成式：to+ have done
进行式：to+ be doing
2. 用法
完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动作之前，那么不定式就要用完成式形式。
进行式：如果主要谓语动作(情况)发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生，那么不定式就要用进行式形式。
She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.
The Vikings are believed to have discovered America.
When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer.
（四）不定式的被动形式
当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。
For twelve years, Spanish censorship（审查机构） did not allow Lorca’s name to be mentioned and his work to be published.
The snow was supposed to have been blown off the mountain.
（五）不定式的否定形式
否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。
I decided not to ask him again.
Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out.
能力拓展

一、单项选择
1．（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—What did the teacher say just now?
—He told us ________ in the river.
A．swim B．swimming C．not to swim D．not swim
2．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）The lecture（讲座）is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late.
A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be
3．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him ________ in the music room.
A．to sing B．sings C．singing D．sing
4．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）—English is difficult ________ at the beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep ________ , you can make progress.
A．to be learned; trying B．to learn; trying
C．to be learned; to try D．to learn; to try
5．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）The policeman told the children ________ in the river. It’s too dangerous!
A．to not swim B．not to swim C．not swim D．not swimming
6．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）Our teachers don’t allow us ______ mobile phones in the school.
A．to use B．use C．using
7．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Hi! Alice, why are you in such a hurry?
—________ my best friend from Canada at the airport.
A．Meet B．Meeting C．To meet D．Met
8．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）The teacher with curly hair teaches us _________ the guitar.
A．to play B．play C．playing
9．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题） ________ the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.
A．Enjoyed B．Enjoying C．Enjoy D．To enjoy
10．（2021·吉林中考真题）Mr. White invited me ________ the hill with him last weekend.
A．to climb B．climb C．climbing
11．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Mario and his friends are making some plans _________ in an old people’s home this summer.
A．work B．working C．to work
12．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）It’s necessary for students ________ eye exercises.
A．do B．doing C．to do
13．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）The government asks people ______ the rubbish from their daily life in different groups.
A．to put B．putting C．put
14．（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people ________ closer to them.
A．get B．to get C．getting D．got
15．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村）makes farmers ________their living conditions.
A．to improve B．improve C．improving

二、完型填空
What do you think of your Chinese? Is it good or bad? If you think you are good at Chinese, you can 16 the competition named the Chinese Characters Dictation Competition (汉字听写大赛). The competition became popular 17 the teenagers. Let's know something about it.
More and more computers and smart phones 18 by teenagers. They spend 19 time on the Internet in playing or chatting. They are used to 20 messages by computers and smart phones. Some of them forget how to write Chinese Characters 21 . The teachers and parents are very 22 it. What can they do?
Not long ago, they found an interesting game called the Chinese Characters Dictation. The program modeled (成形于) 23 after the American show National Spelling Bee, where middle school students stand on the stage to write down Chinese via (通过) dictation. Over two hundred competitors are from forty-six schools. The audiences (观众) are interested in this new kind of competition, too. They would like to write down the characters 24 the competitors were writing them. But they found it was also difficult for them to write down all the characters. Is it an interesting competition? Can you be the 25 ?
16．A．take part in B．join up C．take part D．join
17．A．between B．in C．on D．among
18．A．use B．are use C．are used D．used
19．A．too many B．too much C．much too D．many too
20．A．sending B．send C．sent D．sends
21．A．at hand B．by hand C．in hand D．with hand
22．A．crazy about B．worried about C．serious about D．care about
23．A．it B．itself C．its D．this
24．A．as for B．while C．as though D．what
25．A．worker B．teacher C．winner D．writer
三、阅读单选
A
Channel 1（一频道）
Channel 2
18:00 Around China
17:45 Computers today
18:30 Children’s program（节目）
18:10 Foreign arts
19:00 News
18:30 Modern English
19:30 Weather report
19:00 Animal world
19:40 Around the world
19:25 In Asia
20:10 TV play :Sisters
20:20 Sports
21:00 English for today
21:00 Sports player: Yao Ming
21:15 Pop music
21:45 English news
21:55 Talk show
22:05 On TV next week
26．If you want to know something about Yao Ming, the best program for you is _____.
A．Talk Show B．Sports C．Sports player D．TV play
27．You’ll know something about ________ at 19:00 on Channel 2.
A．animals B．news C．foreign D．Asia
28．If you want to watch NBA, the best program for you would be ________.
A．Sports B．Around the world C．foreign arts D．English news
29．If you like music very much, the best program is ________.
A．at 21:45 on Channel 2 B．at 21:55 on Channel 1
C．at 21:00 on Channel 2 D．at 21:15 on Channel 1
30．“Modern English” is a program of ________.
A．letting you know English news B．making foreign friends
C．teaching you English. D．telling you something about English classroom
B
Most people like watching TV. Mary also likes watching TV. She doesn't mind soap operas or talk shows. But she can't stand sitcoms because they are too boring. Sports shows are her favorite program. She likes sports very much, and she likes watching soccer matches on TV.
Mary likes women's volleyball, too. She often watches on TV, sometimes on the Internet. Her favorite team is the Chinese team. She thinks all the members are fantastic.
Mary enjoys volleyball, but she isn't good at it. She is good at table tennis. She often plays it with her best friend after school. They are both on the school table tennis team. Sometimes they play with teams from other schools. They have a lot of fun with it.
31．Mary thinks sitcoms are _________.
A．interesting B．boring C．exciting D．relaxing
32．_________ are Mary's favorite program.
A．Talk shows B．Soap operas C．Cartoons D．Sports shows
33．Mary and her _________ are on the school table tennis team.
A．cousin B．sister C．friend D．brother
34．How many kinds of TV programs are mentioned（提及）in the passage?
A．Two. B．Three C．Four D．Five.
35．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Mary often plays table tennis after school.
B．Mary only watches volleyball matches on TV.
C．Mary is very good at playing volleyball.
D．Mary's favorite team is the American team.
四、短文汉语提示填空
TV is one of the most important thing of the day. Many people like to 36． TV. TV brings the outside world closer to people's homes. Some people say the world is smaller 37． before because of TV.
What's going on in 38． countries? How do people live in places far away? Is 39． a good sports game somewhere? What's living in the deepest part of the sea?
If you want to answer these and other kinds of 40．, just turn on the TV. You can see a lot and learn a lot. Of course, people can also learn if they read or 41． to the radio. But with TV they can learn better and more easily. Why? Because people can listen and watch 42． the same time.
TV helps to open our eyes. TV also helps 43． to open our mind. TV often gives us new ideas. We learn newer and better ways of doing something on TV.
五、多任务混合阅读
Little Tom likes cartoons very much. When the cartoons begin on TV, he does nothing until they're over. Sometimes he'd rather (宁可) wait for a long time and go to bed late. In the morning his mother has to wake him up, or he'll be late for school.
Yesterday Tom heard there would be an interesting cartoon today. This morning, as soon as (一……就) he got up, he turned on the television, but he didn't see the program on it. He had to have breakfast and then go to school. After school he ran home while his mother was cooking supper in the kitchen. He hurried (急忙) to the sitting room and turned on the television again, but he couldn't find the cartoon. He rushed (冲) into the kitchen and asked his mother for help.
"It's only five now," said the woman. "Your program will be after supper."
"Well, let's have supper right now!"
1~2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
44．When the cartoons begin on TV, Tom does ______ until they're over.
45．Tom will ______ if his mother doesn't wake him up in the morning.
46．How did Tom go home after school?
____________________________________________________________.
47．____________________________________________________________.
48．____________________________________________________________.
参考答案
1．C【详解】句意：——老师刚才说了什么？——他告诉我们不要在河里游泳。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：tell sb (not) to do sth“告诉某人（不）要做某事”，故选C。
2．D【详解】句意：这个讲座值得参加。请告诉约翰不要迟到。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be worth doing sth.，表示“值得做某事”，第一空应用动名词形式attending，表示“参加”，在句中作宾语；固定搭配：tell sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“告诉某人(不）要做某事”，根据“The lecture is worth...”可知，此处指告诉约翰不要迟到，第二空应为not to be。故选D。
3．D【详解】句意：这个男孩对音乐很着迷，我们经常听到他在音乐室唱歌。考查非谓语。此处是hear sb do/doing sth的结构，do表示动作已完成；doing表示动作正在进行；结合alway可知，动作是已经过去，应用省略to的不定式作宾语，故选D。
4．B【详解】句意：——英语刚开始很难学。——是的，但如果你继续努力，你会取得进展的。考查非谓语动词。根据“English is difficult…”可知，此处使用动词不定式的主动形式表被动，排除AC；keep doing sth继续做某事，使用动名词作宾语，故选B。
5．B【详解】句意：警察告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳。太危险了！考查非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不做某事。根据“It’s too dangerous!”可知，警察告诉孩子不要在河里游泳。故选B。
6．A【详解】句意：我们老师不允许我们在学校用手机。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。
7．C【详解】句意：——你好！爱丽丝，你为什么这么着急？——去机场接我从加拿大来的好朋友。考查非谓语动词。根据“why are you in such a hurry”可知，是为了去机场接朋友，用动词不定式表目的，故选C。
8．A【详解】句意：卷头发的那个老师教我们弹吉他。考查非谓语动词。play演奏乐器，是一个动词。由句子结构可知，该句谓语动词为“teaches”，常用于句型teach sb. to do sth.“教某人去做某事”。故选A。
9．D【详解】句意：为了享受网上购物，我的奶奶买了一个手机。考查动词不定式。enjoyed动词地过去式；enjoying动名词；enjoy动词原形；to enjoy动词不定式。句子表示目的“为了享受网上购物”，用动词不定式“to enjoy”。故选D。
10．A【详解】句意：怀特先生上周末邀请我和他一起爬山。考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”，故空格处应填动词不定式结构，故选A。
11．C【详解】句意：Mario和他的朋友正在计划这个夏天去老人之家工作。考查不定式用法。此处不定式to work作定语，修饰plans。故选C。
12．C【详解】句意：学生做眼保健操是必要的。考查非谓语。此处是固定句型It’s adj for sb to do sth，不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语，故选C。
13．A【详解】句意：政府要求人们对日常生活中的垃圾进行分类。考查非谓语动词。put放，是一个动词。由句子结构可知，该句谓语动词为“ask”，常用于句型ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，故选A。
14．B【详解】句意：我很想去卧龙大熊猫保护区看看大熊猫，因为它能让人们更接近它们。
考查非谓语。此处是结构allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，空格处用不定式作宾补，故选B。
15．B【详解】句意：社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件。考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。
二、
16．A17．D18．C19．B20．A
21．B22．B23．B24．B25．C
【分析】本文介绍了《汉字听写大赛》这个节目。
16．句意：如果你认为你擅长汉语，你可以参加汉字听写大赛。
take part in参加，是及物动词；join up联合起来；take part参加，是不及物动词；join加入。根据宾语“the competition”可知，此处表示参加比赛，接宾语，用及物动词，故选A。
17．句意：这项比赛在青少年中很受欢迎。
between在两者之间；in在……里；on在……上面；among在三者或三者以上之间。根据宾语“the teenagers”可知，此处表示三者以上的人之中，用介词among，故选D。
18．句意：越来越多的电脑和智能手机被青少年使用。
use使用；are use错误表达；are used被使用；used使用。根据“by teenagers”可知，此处表示被青少年使用，因此用被动语态，故选C。
19．句意：他们在互联网上花太多的时间玩或聊天。
too many很多，修饰可数名词；too much很多，修饰不可数名词；much too太，很，修饰形容词或副词；many too很，修饰动词。此处修饰不可数名词time，用too much，故选B。
20．句意：他们习惯通过电脑和智能手机发送信息。
sending发送，是现在分词或动名词；send发送，是动词原形；sent发送，是过去式或过去分词；sends发送，是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。be used to doing sth习惯做某事，故选A。
21．句意：他们中的一些人忘记了如何用手写汉字。
at hand在手边；by hand用手；in hand在掌握中；with hand用手。by hand=with one’s hand，根据句意，他们忘记了如何用手写汉字，因此用by hand，故选B。
22．句意：老师和父母非常担心这个。
crazy about对……着迷；worried about担心；serious about对……严肃；care about在乎。根据“Some of them forget how to write Chinese Characters…”可知，他们中一些人忘记了如何用手写汉字，因此这让老师和父母担心，故选B。
23．句意：这个节目本身在美国全国拼字比赛的节目之后成形的，在这个节目上中学生站在舞台上通过听写来写下汉字。
it它；itself它自己；its它的；this这个。此处表示这个节目本身，因此用代词itself，故选B。
24．句意：他们想在竞争对手书写汉字的时候写下汉字。
as for至于；while当……时候；as though仿佛；what什么。此处引导时间状语从句，用连词while，故选B。
25．句意：你会成为获胜者吗？
worker工人；teacher教师；winner获胜者；writer作家。根据前文的“They would like to write down the characters…the competitors were writing them.”可知，此处表示参加比赛，因此表示获胜者，故选C。
三、
26．C27．A28．A29．D30．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。详细介绍了两个电视频道的节目安排和具体时间。
26．细节理解题。根据表中频道2“21:00 Sports player: Yao Ming”可知，如果你想了解姚明，适合你的最好的节目是Sports player。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据表中频道2“19:00 Animal world”可知，你会在19:00的2频道了解到一些动物的事情。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据表中频道2“20:20 Sports”可推理出，如果你想看NBA，最适合你的节目应是体育频道。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据表中频道1“21:15 Pop music”可知，如果你非常喜欢音乐，最好的节目在1频道的21:15。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据表中频道2“18:30 Modern English”可知，现代英语是教英语的。故选C。
31．B32．D33．C34．C35．A
【分析】本文介绍了玛丽也是喜欢看电视节目的观众之一，文中介绍了她对电视节目的评价、自己喜欢的节目，进而介绍了自己的喜好和业余活动等。
31．细节理解题。根据“But she can't stand sitcoms because they are too boring.”可知，玛丽认为情景喜剧是无聊的，故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据“Sports shows are her favorite program.”可知，体育节目是玛丽最喜欢的节目，故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据“She often plays it with her best friend after school. They are both on the school table tennis team.”可知，玛丽和她最好的朋友都是学校乒乓球队的成员。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据“She doesn't mind soap operas or talk shows. But she can't stand sitcoms because they are too boring. Sports shows are her favorite program.” 可知，本文总共提到的电视节目有：肥皂剧、脱口秀、情景喜剧和体育节目，一共四种，故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据“She is good at table tennis. She often plays it with her best friend after school.”可知，她经常在放学后和朋友一起打乒乓球，故选A。
四、
36．watch
37．than
38．other
39．there
40．questions
41．listen
42．at
43．us
【分析】本文讲述了电视在我们生活中的重要性。电视带给我们巨大的便利、使我们学到很多知识、更好的了解世界。
36．句意：许多人喜欢看电视。动词短语watch TV意为“看电视”，like to do sth.“喜欢做某事”，所以空处用动词原形，故填watch。
37．句意：有人说因为电视，世界比以前小了。根据形容词比较级“smaller”和“before”可知此处意思为“和之前比较”，所以用比较词than“比”，than before“比以前”，故填than。
38．句意：其他国家正在发生什么事情？根据空格后是复数名词“countries”，可知此处应用形容词other意为“其他的，别的”，故填other。
39．句意：某地有好的体育游戏吗？根据“a good sports game somewhere”，可推断本句要表达“某地有某物”，所以用there be句型，本句为一般疑问句，故填there。
40．句意：如果你想回答这些和其他类型的问题，只打开电视就行了。根据“these”指代第二段的一系列问题“What's … countries? How do people …away? Is …sports game somewhere? What's …… the sea?”，再根据“other kinds of…”，可知此处指“其它的问题”，所以用question“问题”的复数形式，故填questions。
41．句意：当然，如果人们阅读或听收音机也可以学到。动词短语listen to the radio意为“听收音机”，根据“read or”，or为表示选择的并列连词，连接相同成分的词，由动词原形“read”，可知空处也用动词原形，故填listen。
42．句意：因为人们可以同时听和看。固定短语at the same time意为“同时”，故填at。
43．句意：电视也帮助我们打开思维。根据上句“TV helps to open our eyes.”可知电视有助于我们开阔视野，和本句中的“also”，可知此处意思为“电视也能帮助我们……”，help sb. to do“帮助某人作某事”，所以空处用宾格us“我们”，作help的宾语，故填us。
五、
44．nothing
45．be late for school
46．He ran home.
47．Little Tom likes cartoons very much.
48．他不得不吃早饭然后去上学。
【分析】本文主要讲述了小汤姆非常喜欢动画片，有一次他为了不想错过想看的动画片而费尽周折的故事。
44．根据“When the cartoons begin on TV, he does nothing until they're over.”可知，当动画片在电视上开始播放时，他什么也不做直到动画片结束。故填nothing。
45．根据“In the morning his mother has to wake him up, or he'll be late for school.”可知，如果妈妈早上不叫汤姆起床，他上学就会迟到。故填be late for school。
46．根据“After school he ran home”可知，汤姆放学后跑回家。故填He ran home.
47．通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了小汤姆由于非常喜欢动画片而引发的趣事，故Little Tom likes cartoons very much.“小汤姆非常喜欢动画片”是文章的主旨句。故填Little Tom likes cartoons very much.
48．本句为陈述句句式；He翻译为“他”；had to翻译为“不得不”；have breakfast翻译为“吃早饭”；and表顺承；then翻译为“然后”；go to school翻译为“去上学”。故填：他不得不吃早饭然后去上学。