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2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题（含解析）
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这是一份2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题（含解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，邀请信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Historic Sites in Paris
Paris is a city full of sites of different times and architectural styles. Here are some of these famous spots that are essential to understand the city’s complicated past.
Eiffel Tower
Presented as part of the 1889 World Exposition in Paris, the Eiffel Tower has become the city’s most famous attraction. It is accessible on Line 6 or Line 8 of the Paris Metro by Bir-Hakeim or Trocadéro stations. If possible, avoid visiting this spot at peak hours (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) or on weekends, so you can make the most of your visit to enjoy the views from the top. The best moments are right after it first opens on weekdays.
Notre-Dame Cathedral
Dating back to the 12th century, the Notre-Dame Cathedral has long towered alongside the banks of the Seine River, With its complicated Gothic (哥特式的) architectural details, it represents Parisian religion and architecture. Unfortunately, a fire broke out on April 15, 2019, destroying part of it. Visitors are not allowed to enter now.
Louvre Museum
Louvre Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world where you can witness the city’s rich painting history from the medieval (中世纪的) period to the present. It is easily accessible on Line 1 from the Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre station. It is closed on Tuesdays as well as January 1, May 1, and December 25 each year.
Arc de Triomphe
The Arc de Triomphe serves as a national symbol of France, which was built by Napoleon I in celebration of the victory at the Battle of Austerlitz. Take Line 1, 2, or 6 to Charles de Gaulle-Etoile station and you will see the Arc de Triomphe. Visitors can purchase tickets for a tour to the top to enjoy the views of the city.
1．Which is the best time to visit Eiffel Tower?
A．At 2:00 p. m., Sunday. B．At 9:00 a. m., Monday.
C．At 11:00 a. m., Tuesday. D．At 10:00 a. m., Saturday.
2．Where should visitors go if they are interested in art history?
A．Eiffel Tower. B．Louvre Museum.
C．Arc de Triomphe. D．Notre-Dame Cathedral.
3．What can be inferred from the listed attractions?
A．They require tickets for a tour.
B．They are easily accessible by subway.
C．They allow visitors to enter on holidays.
D．They are spots to show the history of Paris.
When I picked up The Woks of Life, a cookbook written by the Leung family, I was very excited. Inside there are mom-and-dad approved recipes with stories and photos—even a timeline—of the family’s history.
“We call our cookbook culinary genealogy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and younger sister. “We grew up in a food-obsessed (着迷的) family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.”
The cookbook features dishes which might be made in a Chinese American home as well as in Chinese American takeout restaurants. “Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point. “I hope the recipes will appeal to Chinese Americans, like my family, and also those less familiar with Chinese cooking.”
Part of their cookbook has also been posted on their website, attracting millions of faithful followers. The success of the cookbook is that it honors tradition as well as reflects modern interpretations, making it a mixture of the old and the new. It also offers building blocks for home cooks who want to learn to cook Chinese food.
I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence. Surely, as you can imagine, I have also set up my goal to be expert in Chinese cooking.
The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out.
4．Why is the cookbook called culinary genealogy?
A．It runs in the family. B．It is written by family members.
C．It includes the story of a family. D．It contains mom-and-dad approved recipes.
5．Which of the following best describes the Leung family?
A．Easygoing and helpful. B．Faithful and energetic.
C．Devoted and considerate. D．Fortunate and thankful.
6．What does the author think of The Woks of Life?
A．It is a typical Chinese cookbook. B．Its success lies in honoring tradition.
C．It offers building blocks for all cooks. D．It helps improve the author’s cooking skills.
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Most Americans are used to eating out.
B．The cookbook has become a best seller.
C．American home cooks prefer Chinese cooking.
D．The cookbook benefits the spread of Chinese cooking.
A relationship between the amount of adult speech children are exposed to and the concentration of myelin, a substance in the brain, has been found, researchers say.
“I think the take-home message is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain,” says the lead author, Prof. John P. Spencer of the University of East Anglia.
The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.
While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.
“When babies are six months old, they experience massive growth of new nerve cells,” he says. “So the input comes in and may help extend the period of brain growth.” “While at 30 months, the brain starts to cut back some of the cell growth, and form specific connections. That’s where myelin comes in. So now the input starts to help structure the myelin,” he adds.
The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language. The next step for them is to figure out whether the 6-month-old babies showing that negative connection will surely turn into 30-month-old kids who show positive relationship.
Dr. Saloni Krishnan, Reader in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) at Royal Holloway, University of London, who is not involved in the work, however, notes individual differences in language ability are linked to genetics. “Children who are exposed to more language at home and have higher myelination will also have inherited genes (经遗传获得的基因) from parents who are more excellent in languages,” she said. “No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”
8．Which can replace the underlined words “take-home message” in paragraph 2?
A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence.
9．What surprises the team?
A．The finding for the 30-month-olds. B．The finding for the 6-month-olds.
C．How the input help nerve cells grow. D．How the input help structure the myelin.
10．What does the researchers think of adult speech?
A．It is positively related to myelin. B．It cuts back some of the cell growth.
C．Its effect varies with the size of brains. D．It is helpful for both groups’ language ability.
11．What might Dr. Saloni Krishnan approve of?
A．The team should do more research. B．Inherited genes decide language ability.
C．Parents must talk more to their kids. D．The concentration of myelin makes no sense.
Noisy family? Loud construction right outside your window? A new flexible loudspeaker could help you rest easily. It could turn your walls into noise-canceling systems.
The new loudspeaker is about as thick as a few sheets of paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enough to stick to most surfaces to control noise much easier, notes Jinchi Han, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
Lots of dome-shaped (圆顶状的) microstructures are in the centre of the new speaker. Han’s team sandwiches their new material between two plastic sheets to protect the domes. “The bottom layer lifts up the small domes so that they can vibrate (震动) freely, and the upper protective layer is thicker than the domes that are secured in the middle of the layers,” he explains. “So if you touch the surface, you don’t need to worry about damaging these small structures.”
Han points out large area of the new material could make controlling noise much easier.
Each dome works as a tiny speaker. The domes can generate sound waves all together, in groups or individually. Wallpapering your bedroom with this material would create speakers all around you. Those same speakers could then dampen or cancel unwanted sound. “If you desire, you could turn any space into a quiet zone where you could sleep or study with barely any noise,” Han says. He also sees applications in cars, airplanes, apartments or wherever unwanted noise is a problem.
Large versions could be the next step for this super-thin speakers, says Lori Beckstead, a sound artist.
“The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,” Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise-canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic.
12．What can we learn about the new loudspeaker from the first paragraph?
A．It could reduce unwanted noise. B．It covers a vast area.
C．It is flexible to any construction. D．It produces much noise.
13．Why is the surface of the dome safe to touch?
A．The bottom layer lifts up the dome.
B．It can generate sound waves all together.
C．It is protected by the upper and bottom layers.
D．The upper protective layer is thicker than the dome.
14．What is the benefit of the new material according to Han?
A．Loud noisy spaces are using it effectively now.
B．It could control noise more effectively when used largely.
C．Any space could be turned into a zero-noise one by using it.
D．Wallpapering your bedroom with it creates comfortable sound.
15．What is Beckstead’s attitude to the application of the new speakers?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
二、七选五
When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 16
Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student.
17 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 18 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.
Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 19 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class.
Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends? 20 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!
A．Lack of sleep can cause great stress.
B．The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it.
C．Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue.
D．Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict.
E．Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively.
F．Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits.
G．Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems.
三、完形填空
A mistake made six years ago has turned into a holiday tradition. A grandmother who mistakenly 21 a stranger to attend the family’s Thanksgiving dinner in 2016 ended up making a 22 , and now the pair have 23 the holiday together every year since. This year is no exception.
In 2016, Wanda Dench tried to text her grandson about the family’s Thanksgiving dinner plans, but she 24 added a stranger to the message. Jamal Hinton was on the receiving end of the holiday text and jokingly accepted her 25 .
“You’re not my grandma,” Hinton wrote back, including a selfie to 26 he was not the grandson Dench thought she was texting. “Can I still get a plate though?”
Dench, ever the 27 grandmother, replied, “Of course you can. That’s what Grandmas do… 28 everyone.” Hinton posted about the funny mix-up and it went viral (疯传). And on Thanksgiving day, he 29 drove from Tempe, Arizona to Mesa to 30 the Dench family for the holiday. And every year since, Hinton and Dench have got together for the holiday.
In 2020, he informed followers of some sad news—Dench’s husband, Lonnie, had died from COVID-19. So last Thanksgiving, 31 Lonnie, the family held a small, pared-down (精简的) 32 the day after the holiday to keep the 33 alive.
This year, Hinton tweeted, “We are all set for year 6!”, 34 a screenshot of their text exchange as usual. Dench’s name is saved in his phone as “Grandma Wanda”. The story of 35 went viral again—spreading some holiday cheer on social media.
21．A．reminded B．invited C．forced D．allowed
22．A．friend B．deal C．decision D．story
23．A．planned B．organized C．celebrated D．booked
24．A．carefully B．purposefully C．secretly D．accidentally
25．A．gift B．idea C．offer D．apology
26．A．argue B．pretend C．show D．announce
27．A．generous B．strict C．patient D．caring
28．A．forgive B．feed C．remember D．understand
29．A．casually B．hardly C．nearly D．actually
30．A．disturb B．join C．greet D．congratulate
31．A．in honor of B．in search of C．in praise of D．in place of
32．A．conversation B．conference C．competition D．gathering
33．A．mistake B．news C．tradition D．holiday
34．A．taking B．enjoying C．collecting D．sharing
35．A．honesty B．kindness C．generosity D．toughness
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Being shy is something that affects lots of people, and it typically starts in childhood. As 36 expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if 37 (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop 38 (base) on our experiences.
Actually, it can be either or a bit of both. I had pretty outgoing, confident parents, and there are some 39 (study) that suggest the more confident or outspoken a parent in childhood, the shyer a child could 40 (potential) become.
Some research has shown that the more sensitive the parent is 41 their child’s needs, and responds appropriately to them, the risk of shyness decreases. In my case this is 42 happened—my parents turned in to me and my needs and the shyness all but 43 (disappear) completely over time.
On the other hand, a person’s personality has a 44 (biology) basis, and has long been said can be identified from babies only a few months old. It’s important to recognize though that a child’s personality can change, and gradually as they 45 (expose) to more and more people, objects and situations, signs of shyness can fade away.
五、邀请信
46．假定你是李华，你是学校文学社的社长。社团成立十周年，将举办一系列的活动。请你给外教老师David写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 活动时间、地点和内容；
3. 你的期待。
参考词汇：周年纪念日anniversary
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
If you had to choose one word to describe Kevin, it might have been “slow”. He didn’t learn his ABCs as fast as other kids. He never came in first in the schoolyard races. However, his smile was brighter than the sun in June; his heart was bigger than the mountain sky. Kevin’s enthusiasm for life was quite infectious.
When Kevin joined the boys’ school basketball team, basketball became the center of his life. At practice, he worked so hard that you’d think he was preparing for the NBA．He liked to stand in a certain place near the free-throw line and shoot at the basket. Patiently, he stood there throwing ball after ball after ball. “Look at me, Coach!” he’d shout at Randy, jumping up and down with the excitement of shooting.
Kevin and his whole team truly loved basketball. But just loving the game didn’t help them win. More balls fell out of the basket than into it, and the boys lost every game that season, except one—the night when it snowed and the other team couldn’t make it to the game.
It was a cold snowing afternoon when their last game came. As the last-place team, they played against the first-place team. The game went pretty much the same as expected, and near the middle of the fourth quarter Kevin’s team stood nearly 30 points behind.
At that point, one of Kevin’s teammates called time-out. As he came to the side, Randy couldn’t imagine why the time-out had been called. “Coach,” said the boy. “This is our last game and I know that Kevin has played in every game, but he’s never made a basket. I think we should let Kevin make a basket.” With the game completely out of reach, the idea seemed reasonable, so the plan was made. When they had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who was standing in his special place near the free-throw line.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
His first shot bounced around but missed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．B 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了巴黎四个不同时期和建筑风格迥异的历史遗迹。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“If possible, avoid visiting this spot at peak hours (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) or on weekends, so you can make the most of your visit to enjoy the views from the top. The best moments are right after it first opens on weekdays.(如果可能的话，避免在高峰时间(上午10点至下午5点)或周末参观这个地方，这样你就可以充分利用你的参观来欣赏顶部的景色。最好的时刻是在工作日刚开门的时候。)”可知，应避免在高峰期和周末参观Eiffel Tower，且最好的参观时间是在它刚开门的时候，因此“周一上午九点”是最好的游览时间。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Louvre Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world where you can witness the city’s rich painting history from the medieval (中世纪的) period to the present. (卢浮宫博物馆是世界上最著名的艺术博物馆之一，在这里你可以见证这座城市从中世纪到现在丰富的绘画历史。)”可知，卢浮宫博物馆是了解从中世纪开始到现在的绘画历史的地方。故选B。
3．细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段末句“Here are some of these famous spots that are essential to understand the city’s complicated past. (这里有一些著名的景点，对于了解这座城市复杂的过去是必不可少的。)”可知，本文展示了关于巴黎历史的一些景点。故选D。
4．C 5．C 6．D 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，体现了“人与自我”的主题语境，主要介绍了一本食谱的特色、创作过程中的考量和所取得的成就，表达了该食谱创作者（一个美籍华人家庭）和一些美国人对中餐的热爱。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句““We call our cookbook culinary genealogy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and younger sister.(“我们称我们的烹饪书为烹饪家谱(烹饪谱)。我们希望这本书通过食物讲述我们的家庭故事，而不仅仅是特色食谱，”莎拉·梁说，她在疫情期间与父母和妹妹共同撰写了这本书)”可知，the Leung family想要在这本食谱中通过食物讲述家庭故事，因此把这本食谱叫作烹饪家谱，故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We grew up in a food-obsessed (着迷的) family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.”(“我们生长在一个痴迷美食的家庭。老实说，这些食谱中有四分之一是我自己开发的，”莎拉补充道。“随着时间的推移，我们将实现我们的目标:所有家庭成员都是能干的中国厨师。”)”可知，the Leung family对食物很着迷，并正为实现全员成为中餐大师的目标付出努力，说明他们“devoted”；以及第三段中““Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point.(萨拉说：“家常菜和餐馆菜同样重要，但它们是不同的。”她补充说，这家人还讨论了如何尊重每一点)”可知，the Leung family想在食谱中体现对中餐方方面面的尊重，说明他们“considerate”，故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段中“I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence.(我从宫保鸡丁开始了我的探索，这是一道很受欢迎的菜，也是我的最爱。令人高兴的是，我做的菜尝起来像它应该有的味道。它真的建立了我的信心)”可知，作者按照这本食谱首先尝试了制作宫保鸡丁，结果做出来的宫保鸡丁和作者之前吃过的味道很像。这增强了作者的信心，故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out.(这本食谱正在推动中国烹饪成为美国家庭烹饪的领域。长期以来，中国烹饪一直是一种许多人只习惯在外面吃饭的烹饪方式)”可知，这本食谱正推动着中餐成为美国家庭厨师烹饪的一部分；在此之前的很长时间，许多想要享用中餐的美国人只能前往外面的餐馆，故选D项。
8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队的发现（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大脑发育，尤其是语言方面）和其他专家就该研究发现发表的言论。
8．词义猜测题。根据划线词“is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain”可知，Prof. John P. Spencer认为重点是跟孩子交流；这确实能够影响孩子大脑结构的发育，故划线词意思是“重点”。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.(研究小组发现，对于30个月大的婴儿来说，更多的成人语言与大脑中语言相关通路中更多的髓磷脂有关;然而，对于6个月大的婴儿来说，情况正好相反)”以及第四段“While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.(虽然后者出乎意料，但斯宾塞指出了一个可能的因素:大脑的发育阶段)”可知，使这个研究团队吃惊的是第三段中提到的对六个月大的婴儿的研究发现，故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language”可知，研究人员得出结论：父母的言语对六个月大和三十个月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言语越多，孩子们日后对语言就会越敏感，故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”(“在测试这种潜在的遗传效应之前，无法得出最终结论。然而，目前还没有关于孩子应该接受多少信息的标准，照顾者不必感到压力，要和孩子多说话。”)”可知，Dr. Saloni Krishnan认为在潜在的基因方面的影响被测定之前，不能断言“父母多跟孩子交流会提高孩子的语言能力”，即这个研究团队需要做进一步的研究，故选A项。
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技术——可以降噪的超薄扬声器。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“It could turn your walls into noise-canceling systems.(它可以把你的墙变成噪音消除系统)”可知，这种新型扬声器可以消除噪音。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“Han’s team sandwiches their new material between two plastic sheets to protect the domes.(韩的团队将他们的新材料夹在两块塑料片之间，以保护圆顶)”和最后一句“So if you touch the surface, you don’t need to worry about damaging these small structures.(所以如果你触摸表面，你不必担心会损坏这些小结构)”可知，这些圆顶状的结构被上下层材料夹在中间保护起来，因此它们不容易受损。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Han points out large area of the new material could make controlling noise much easier.(韩指出，大面积的新材料可以使控制噪音变得更加容易)”可知，大面积使用这种材料更容易控制噪音。故选B。
15．观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,’ Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise-canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic.(Beckstead补充说：‘这种新型扬声器非常轻薄，可以放置在传统扬声器可能不切实际的地方。’她指出，在从餐馆到嘈杂的工业工厂的嘈杂空间中添加降噪技术将是非常棒的)”可推知， Beckstead对这种新型扬声器的应用持支持态度。故选A。
16．G 17．F 18．B 19．D 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大量的家庭作业可能会给学生带来的身心健康问题，并号召管理人员、教师和家长解决这个问题。
16．根据后文“Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind.(大量的家庭作业会给学生带来压力，并导致身心健康问题。)”可知，此处是讲过多的家庭作业会导致身心健康问题，所以选项G“无论如何，太多的家庭作业会导致相当多的身体和精神问题。”切合文意。故选G。
17．根据后文“The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that.(建议的时间是10分钟乘以年级水平。一年级有10分钟；二年级有20分钟；三年级只有30分钟，以此类推，但孩子们做的远远不止这些。)”可知，此处是指学生的实际作业量远超推荐量是没有好处的，所以选项F“孩子们的作业量超过了推荐量，却没有任何学业上的好处。”切合文意。故选F。
18．根据后文“There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.(2小时后对高中生没有任何学习效益，1个半小时后对中学生没有任何学习效益。)”可知，此处是讲学生的作业量太多没有任何好处，所以选项B“学生做得越多，从中得到的就越少。”切合文意。故选B。
19．根据前文“Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities.(总是做作业会导致运动和课外活动的时间减少。)”和后文“Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing.(更糟糕的是，和朋友出去玩的时间减少了，这意味着社交活动减少了。)”可知，此处是讲过多的作业量会导致学生各方面的时间减少以及带来的后果，所以选项D“家庭时间也减少，这可能会增加更多的家庭冲突。”切合文意。故选D。
20．根据后文“If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!(如果老师和家长设法减少家庭作业的数量，压力和焦虑就会减少，幸福就会增加！)”可知，此处是讲号召解决家庭作业过多的问题，所以选项C“管理人员、教师和家长需要解决这个问题。”切合文意。故选C。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公丹奇将发给自己孙子的短信误发给了一个叫辛顿的小伙，因为这一次“错误”，辛顿收获了几位“家人”，并参与了他们的感恩节聚会。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，从那以后，这对陌生人每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。A. reminded提醒；B. invited邀请；C. forced迫使；D. allowed允许。根据“a stranger to attend the family’s Thanksgiving dinner”以及下文“now the pair have 3 the holiday together”可知，此处为一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年，一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，从那以后，这对夫妇每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。A. friend朋友；B. deal交易；C. decision决定；D. story故事。根据下文“and now the pair have 3 the holiday together every year since.”可推知，此处为一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，从那以后，这对夫妇每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。A. planned计划；B. organized组织；C. celebrated庆祝；D. booked预定。根据上文提到的一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，以及该句中的“the holiday together every year since.”可推知，此处为从那以后，这对陌生人每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。故选C项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2016年，旺达·丹奇(Wanda Dench)试图给孙子发短信，告诉他家里的感恩节晚餐计划，但她不小心在短信里添加了一个陌生人。A. carefully仔细地；B. purposefully有目的地；C. secretly秘密地；D. accidentally不小心地。根据上文提到的试图给孙子发短信，告诉他家里的感恩节晚餐计划，以及该句中的but 转折和“added a stranger to the message.”可推知，此处为她不小心在短信里添加了一个陌生人。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：贾马尔·辛顿收到了这条节日短信，并开玩笑地接受了她的邀请。A. gift礼物；B. idea主意；C. offer提议，邀请；D. apology道歉。根据上文提到的祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友。以及该句中的“accepted”可知，此处为贾马尔·辛顿开玩笑地接受了她的邀请。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你不是我的奶奶，”辛顿回复道，并附上了一张自拍照，以表明他不是丹奇以为她在发短信的那个孙子。A. argue争论；B. pretend假装；C. show表明；D. announce宣布。根据上文“Hinton wrote back, including a selfie”可知，此处为辛顿回复道，并附上了一张自拍照，以表明他不是丹奇以为她在发短信的那个孙子。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丹奇，这位慈祥的祖母，回答说：“你当然可以。A. generous慷慨的；B. strict严格的；C. patient有耐心的；D. caring关心他人的，体贴的。根据祖母的回复“Of course you can.”可推知，此处为表示祖母是很有爱心的。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶就是这么做的……喂饱每个人。A. forgive原谅；B. feed喂养；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。根据句意以及上文“That’s what Grandmas do”可推知，此处为表示奶奶就是这么贴心的喂饱每一个人。故选B项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：感恩节那天，他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。A. casually随意地；B. hardly几乎不；C. nearly将近；D. actually事实上。 根据句意以及该句中的“drove from Tempe, Arizona to Mesa”可推知，此处为他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：感恩节那天，他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。A. disturb打扰；B. join加入；C. greet打招呼；D. congratulate祝贺。根据下文“And every year since, Hinton and Dench have got together for the holiday.”可知，此处为他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。故选B项。
31．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，去年感恩节，为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。A. in honor of为了纪念；B. in search of寻找；C. in praise of赞扬；D. in place of代替。根据上文“Dench’s husband, Lonnie, had died from COVID-19.”可知，此处为为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，去年感恩节，为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。A. conversation对话；B. conference会议；C. competition比赛；D. gathering聚会。根据该句中的“the family held a small, pared-down (精简的)…”以及“to keep the 13 alive.”可推知，此处为为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。故选D项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，去年感恩节，为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。 A. mistake错误；B. news新闻；C. tradition传统；D. holiday节日。根据下文“This year, Hinton tweeted, “We are all set for year 6!”可知，今年已经是第六年举行这个聚会了，由此可推知，这已经形成了一种传统了。 故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样分享了他们文字交流的截图。A. taking带走；B. enjoying享受； C. collecting收集；D. sharing分享。根据句意以及该句中的“a screenshot of their text exchange as usual.”可推知，此处为像往常一样分享了他们文字交流的截图。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个善良的故事再次走红，在社交媒体上传播了一些节日的欢呼。A. honesty诚实；B. kindness善良；C. generosity慷慨；D. toughness韧性。通读全文以及下文“spreading some holiday cheer on social media.”可知，此处为这个善良的故事再次走红，在社交媒体上传播了一些节日的欢呼。故选B项。
36．an 37．having 38．based 39．studies 40．potentially 41．to 42．what 43．disappeared 44．biological 45．are exposed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。害羞是影响很多人的一件事，它通常始于童年。有一些研究表明童年时期的父母越自信或直言不讳，孩子就可能变得越害羞。还有一些研究表明，父母对孩子的需求越敏感，并对其做出适当的反应，害羞的风险就会降低。
36．考查冠词。句意：作为“宝贝安娜贝尔问专家”活动的一名专家，人们问我，害羞的个性是我们天生的，还是我们根据自己的经历发展起来的。可数名词expert在句中表示“一名专家”，泛指，expert发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰，故填an。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词，故填having。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语修饰something，因两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填based。
39．考查名词。句意：我的父母都很外向、自信，有一些研究表明，童年时期的父母越自信或直言不讳，孩子就可能变得越害羞。分析句子中结构，空白处在句子中做主语使用名词，根据空白处前面的不定代词some可知空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填studies。
40．考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中修饰动词become，用副词potentially，作状语，意为“可能地”。故填potentially。
41．考查介词。句意：一些研究表明，父母对孩子的需求越敏感，并对其做出适当的反应，害羞的风险就会降低。分析句子结构，be sensitive to为固定短语，含义为“对……敏感”，符合句意，故填to。
42．考查名词性从句。句意：就我而言，事情就是这样：我的父母向我求助，随着时间的推移，我的需求和害羞几乎完全消失了。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，空白处在表语从句中做主语，表示内容，使用what连接表语从句，故填what。
43．考查时态。句意：同上。分析句子中结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是一个发生在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时形式，故填disappeared。
44．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，一个人的个性有生物学基础，长期以来人们一直认为，从几个月大的婴儿身上就可以识别出来。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语表示性质，使用形容词，故填biological。
45．考查被动语态。句意：但重要的是要认识到，孩子的性格会发生变化，随着他们接触到越来越多的人、物体和情况，害羞的迹象会逐渐消失。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，使用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语为复数，故填are exposed。
46．Dear David,
I am writing to tell you that we intend to celebrate the tenth anniversary of our Chinese Literature Club and I sincerely invite you to attend.
The celebration activity will be held on next Wednesday in the lecture hall. As scheduled, various activities will be available ranging from an oral Chinese speech to Chinese song performances. Additionally, a Chinese play named Teahouse will be also on show. Everything will overflow with happiness then.
I hope we are lucky enough to have you here and expect to have a pleasant time with your presence and participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你是学校文学社的社长。社团成立十周年，将举办一系列的活动，打算邀请外教老师David参加。请你给外教老师写一封邮件。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
打算：intend to do sth→plan to do sth
参加：attend→take part in
演讲：speech→lecture
此外：additionally→in addition
2. 句式拓展
同义句
原名：As scheduled, various activities will be available ranging from an oral Chinese speech to Chinese song performances.
拓展句：As scheduled, various activities will be available, which range from an oral Chinese speech to Chinese song performances.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am writing to tell you that we intend to celebrate the tenth anniversary of our Chinese Literature Club and I sincerely invite you to attend. （运用了that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] Additionally, a Chinese play named Teahouse will be also on show. （运用了过去分词作后置定语）
47．His first shot bounced around but missed. As soon as Kevin’s teammates had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who was standing in the certain place near the free-throw line. He shot it slowly, but he missed it again. Nevertheless, all the players of his team kept throwing the ball to him and clapped him with encouragement. Very soon the audience figured out what was happening, so one by one they stood up and clapped their hands. The whole playground thundered with the clapping and shouting, “Kevin! Kevin!” And Kevin just kept shooting.
Finally, the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly. With arms shooting high into the air, Kevin shouted, “I won! I won!” He jumped high and hugged every teammate excitedly. Everyone could see tears welling in his eyes. They began to shout wildly and clap their hands to congratulate him. The feathery snow danced in the late afternoon air, making a beautiful sight. The clock ticked off the last few seconds and the first-place team remained undefeated. Even though they lost this game again that afternoon, everyone left the playground truly feeling like a winner.
【导语】本文以人物线索展开，讲述了Kevin是个“迟钝”的男孩，但和其他人相处的很好，他加入了他的老师Randy组建的篮球队，Kevin热爱篮球，但是他投不进球，球队输掉了所有的比赛。在赛季结束时，他们不幸地与第一名的球队比赛，虽然比对方落后很多，但是Kevin的队友觉得应该让Kevin投篮，每次Kevin所在的球队拿到球，Kevin都要站在罚球线附近他的特殊位置，然后他们就会把球给他。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句“他的第一球弹过，但没有击中”可知，第一段可描写Kevin第一次失败后大家的举动，所有人都为Kevin鼓掌，鼓励他。
②由第二段首句“最后，球弹了一下，出乎意料地进去了”可知，第二段要描写Kevin进球后大家的反应和感想。
2. 续写线索：
Kevin投球不进——观众加油助力——Kevin进球——Kevin、队友、观众的反应——虽输犹胜——感想
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓掌：clap/applaud
②拥抱：hug /embrace
③大喊：shout/yell
情绪类
①兴奋地：excitedly/with excitement
②疯狂地：wildly/crazily
【点睛】【高分句型1】Very soon the audience figured out what was happening, so one by one they stood up and clapped their hands. （运用了what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Even though they lost this game again that afternoon, everyone left the playground truly feeling like a winner.（运用了even though引导的让步状语从句）
2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Historic Sites in Paris
Paris is a city full of sites of different times and architectural styles. Here are some of these famous spots that are essential to understand the city’s complicated past.
Eiffel Tower
Presented as part of the 1889 World Exposition in Paris, the Eiffel Tower has become the city’s most famous attraction. It is accessible on Line 6 or Line 8 of the Paris Metro by Bir-Hakeim or Trocadéro stations. If possible, avoid visiting this spot at peak hours (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) or on weekends, so you can make the most of your visit to enjoy the views from the top. The best moments are right after it first opens on weekdays.
Notre-Dame Cathedral
Dating back to the 12th century, the Notre-Dame Cathedral has long towered alongside the banks of the Seine River, With its complicated Gothic (哥特式的) architectural details, it represents Parisian religion and architecture. Unfortunately, a fire broke out on April 15, 2019, destroying part of it. Visitors are not allowed to enter now.
Louvre Museum
Louvre Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world where you can witness the city’s rich painting history from the medieval (中世纪的) period to the present. It is easily accessible on Line 1 from the Palais Royal-Musée du Louvre station. It is closed on Tuesdays as well as January 1, May 1, and December 25 each year.
Arc de Triomphe
The Arc de Triomphe serves as a national symbol of France, which was built by Napoleon I in celebration of the victory at the Battle of Austerlitz. Take Line 1, 2, or 6 to Charles de Gaulle-Etoile station and you will see the Arc de Triomphe. Visitors can purchase tickets for a tour to the top to enjoy the views of the city.
1．Which is the best time to visit Eiffel Tower?
A．At 2:00 p. m., Sunday. B．At 9:00 a. m., Monday.
C．At 11:00 a. m., Tuesday. D．At 10:00 a. m., Saturday.
2．Where should visitors go if they are interested in art history?
A．Eiffel Tower. B．Louvre Museum.
C．Arc de Triomphe. D．Notre-Dame Cathedral.
3．What can be inferred from the listed attractions?
A．They require tickets for a tour.
B．They are easily accessible by subway.
C．They allow visitors to enter on holidays.
D．They are spots to show the history of Paris.
When I picked up The Woks of Life, a cookbook written by the Leung family, I was very excited. Inside there are mom-and-dad approved recipes with stories and photos—even a timeline—of the family’s history.
“We call our cookbook culinary genealogy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and younger sister. “We grew up in a food-obsessed (着迷的) family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.”
The cookbook features dishes which might be made in a Chinese American home as well as in Chinese American takeout restaurants. “Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point. “I hope the recipes will appeal to Chinese Americans, like my family, and also those less familiar with Chinese cooking.”
Part of their cookbook has also been posted on their website, attracting millions of faithful followers. The success of the cookbook is that it honors tradition as well as reflects modern interpretations, making it a mixture of the old and the new. It also offers building blocks for home cooks who want to learn to cook Chinese food.
I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence. Surely, as you can imagine, I have also set up my goal to be expert in Chinese cooking.
The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out.
4．Why is the cookbook called culinary genealogy?
A．It runs in the family. B．It is written by family members.
C．It includes the story of a family. D．It contains mom-and-dad approved recipes.
5．Which of the following best describes the Leung family?
A．Easygoing and helpful. B．Faithful and energetic.
C．Devoted and considerate. D．Fortunate and thankful.
6．What does the author think of The Woks of Life?
A．It is a typical Chinese cookbook. B．Its success lies in honoring tradition.
C．It offers building blocks for all cooks. D．It helps improve the author’s cooking skills.
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Most Americans are used to eating out.
B．The cookbook has become a best seller.
C．American home cooks prefer Chinese cooking.
D．The cookbook benefits the spread of Chinese cooking.
A relationship between the amount of adult speech children are exposed to and the concentration of myelin, a substance in the brain, has been found, researchers say.
“I think the take-home message is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain,” says the lead author, Prof. John P. Spencer of the University of East Anglia.
The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.
While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.
“When babies are six months old, they experience massive growth of new nerve cells,” he says. “So the input comes in and may help extend the period of brain growth.” “While at 30 months, the brain starts to cut back some of the cell growth, and form specific connections. That’s where myelin comes in. So now the input starts to help structure the myelin,” he adds.
The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language. The next step for them is to figure out whether the 6-month-old babies showing that negative connection will surely turn into 30-month-old kids who show positive relationship.
Dr. Saloni Krishnan, Reader in cognitive neuroscience (认知神经科学) at Royal Holloway, University of London, who is not involved in the work, however, notes individual differences in language ability are linked to genetics. “Children who are exposed to more language at home and have higher myelination will also have inherited genes (经遗传获得的基因) from parents who are more excellent in languages,” she said. “No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”
8．Which can replace the underlined words “take-home message” in paragraph 2?
A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence.
9．What surprises the team?
A．The finding for the 30-month-olds. B．The finding for the 6-month-olds.
C．How the input help nerve cells grow. D．How the input help structure the myelin.
10．What does the researchers think of adult speech?
A．It is positively related to myelin. B．It cuts back some of the cell growth.
C．Its effect varies with the size of brains. D．It is helpful for both groups’ language ability.
11．What might Dr. Saloni Krishnan approve of?
A．The team should do more research. B．Inherited genes decide language ability.
C．Parents must talk more to their kids. D．The concentration of myelin makes no sense.
Noisy family? Loud construction right outside your window? A new flexible loudspeaker could help you rest easily. It could turn your walls into noise-canceling systems.
The new loudspeaker is about as thick as a few sheets of paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enough to stick to most surfaces to control noise much easier, notes Jinchi Han, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
Lots of dome-shaped (圆顶状的) microstructures are in the centre of the new speaker. Han’s team sandwiches their new material between two plastic sheets to protect the domes. “The bottom layer lifts up the small domes so that they can vibrate (震动) freely, and the upper protective layer is thicker than the domes that are secured in the middle of the layers,” he explains. “So if you touch the surface, you don’t need to worry about damaging these small structures.”
Han points out large area of the new material could make controlling noise much easier.
Each dome works as a tiny speaker. The domes can generate sound waves all together, in groups or individually. Wallpapering your bedroom with this material would create speakers all around you. Those same speakers could then dampen or cancel unwanted sound. “If you desire, you could turn any space into a quiet zone where you could sleep or study with barely any noise,” Han says. He also sees applications in cars, airplanes, apartments or wherever unwanted noise is a problem.
Large versions could be the next step for this super-thin speakers, says Lori Beckstead, a sound artist.
“The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,” Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise-canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic.
12．What can we learn about the new loudspeaker from the first paragraph?
A．It could reduce unwanted noise. B．It covers a vast area.
C．It is flexible to any construction. D．It produces much noise.
13．Why is the surface of the dome safe to touch?
A．The bottom layer lifts up the dome.
B．It can generate sound waves all together.
C．It is protected by the upper and bottom layers.
D．The upper protective layer is thicker than the dome.
14．What is the benefit of the new material according to Han?
A．Loud noisy spaces are using it effectively now.
B．It could control noise more effectively when used largely.
C．Any space could be turned into a zero-noise one by using it.
D．Wallpapering your bedroom with it creates comfortable sound.
15．What is Beckstead’s attitude to the application of the new speakers?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
二、七选五
When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 16
Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student.
17 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 18 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.
Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 19 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class.
Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends? 20 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!
A．Lack of sleep can cause great stress.
B．The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it.
C．Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue.
D．Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict.
E．Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively.
F．Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits.
G．Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems.
三、完形填空
A mistake made six years ago has turned into a holiday tradition. A grandmother who mistakenly 21 a stranger to attend the family’s Thanksgiving dinner in 2016 ended up making a 22 , and now the pair have 23 the holiday together every year since. This year is no exception.
In 2016, Wanda Dench tried to text her grandson about the family’s Thanksgiving dinner plans, but she 24 added a stranger to the message. Jamal Hinton was on the receiving end of the holiday text and jokingly accepted her 25 .
“You’re not my grandma,” Hinton wrote back, including a selfie to 26 he was not the grandson Dench thought she was texting. “Can I still get a plate though?”
Dench, ever the 27 grandmother, replied, “Of course you can. That’s what Grandmas do… 28 everyone.” Hinton posted about the funny mix-up and it went viral (疯传). And on Thanksgiving day, he 29 drove from Tempe, Arizona to Mesa to 30 the Dench family for the holiday. And every year since, Hinton and Dench have got together for the holiday.
In 2020, he informed followers of some sad news—Dench’s husband, Lonnie, had died from COVID-19. So last Thanksgiving, 31 Lonnie, the family held a small, pared-down (精简的) 32 the day after the holiday to keep the 33 alive.
This year, Hinton tweeted, “We are all set for year 6!”, 34 a screenshot of their text exchange as usual. Dench’s name is saved in his phone as “Grandma Wanda”. The story of 35 went viral again—spreading some holiday cheer on social media.
21．A．reminded B．invited C．forced D．allowed
22．A．friend B．deal C．decision D．story
23．A．planned B．organized C．celebrated D．booked
24．A．carefully B．purposefully C．secretly D．accidentally
25．A．gift B．idea C．offer D．apology
26．A．argue B．pretend C．show D．announce
27．A．generous B．strict C．patient D．caring
28．A．forgive B．feed C．remember D．understand
29．A．casually B．hardly C．nearly D．actually
30．A．disturb B．join C．greet D．congratulate
31．A．in honor of B．in search of C．in praise of D．in place of
32．A．conversation B．conference C．competition D．gathering
33．A．mistake B．news C．tradition D．holiday
34．A．taking B．enjoying C．collecting D．sharing
35．A．honesty B．kindness C．generosity D．toughness
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Being shy is something that affects lots of people, and it typically starts in childhood. As 36 expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if 37 (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop 38 (base) on our experiences.
Actually, it can be either or a bit of both. I had pretty outgoing, confident parents, and there are some 39 (study) that suggest the more confident or outspoken a parent in childhood, the shyer a child could 40 (potential) become.
Some research has shown that the more sensitive the parent is 41 their child’s needs, and responds appropriately to them, the risk of shyness decreases. In my case this is 42 happened—my parents turned in to me and my needs and the shyness all but 43 (disappear) completely over time.
On the other hand, a person’s personality has a 44 (biology) basis, and has long been said can be identified from babies only a few months old. It’s important to recognize though that a child’s personality can change, and gradually as they 45 (expose) to more and more people, objects and situations, signs of shyness can fade away.
五、邀请信
46．假定你是李华，你是学校文学社的社长。社团成立十周年，将举办一系列的活动。请你给外教老师David写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 活动时间、地点和内容；
3. 你的期待。
参考词汇：周年纪念日anniversary
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
If you had to choose one word to describe Kevin, it might have been “slow”. He didn’t learn his ABCs as fast as other kids. He never came in first in the schoolyard races. However, his smile was brighter than the sun in June; his heart was bigger than the mountain sky. Kevin’s enthusiasm for life was quite infectious.
When Kevin joined the boys’ school basketball team, basketball became the center of his life. At practice, he worked so hard that you’d think he was preparing for the NBA．He liked to stand in a certain place near the free-throw line and shoot at the basket. Patiently, he stood there throwing ball after ball after ball. “Look at me, Coach!” he’d shout at Randy, jumping up and down with the excitement of shooting.
Kevin and his whole team truly loved basketball. But just loving the game didn’t help them win. More balls fell out of the basket than into it, and the boys lost every game that season, except one—the night when it snowed and the other team couldn’t make it to the game.
It was a cold snowing afternoon when their last game came. As the last-place team, they played against the first-place team. The game went pretty much the same as expected, and near the middle of the fourth quarter Kevin’s team stood nearly 30 points behind.
At that point, one of Kevin’s teammates called time-out. As he came to the side, Randy couldn’t imagine why the time-out had been called. “Coach,” said the boy. “This is our last game and I know that Kevin has played in every game, but he’s never made a basket. I think we should let Kevin make a basket.” With the game completely out of reach, the idea seemed reasonable, so the plan was made. When they had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who was standing in his special place near the free-throw line.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
His first shot bounced around but missed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Finally, the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．B 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了巴黎四个不同时期和建筑风格迥异的历史遗迹。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“If possible, avoid visiting this spot at peak hours (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) or on weekends, so you can make the most of your visit to enjoy the views from the top. The best moments are right after it first opens on weekdays.(如果可能的话，避免在高峰时间(上午10点至下午5点)或周末参观这个地方，这样你就可以充分利用你的参观来欣赏顶部的景色。最好的时刻是在工作日刚开门的时候。)”可知，应避免在高峰期和周末参观Eiffel Tower，且最好的参观时间是在它刚开门的时候，因此“周一上午九点”是最好的游览时间。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Louvre Museum is one of the most famous art museums in the world where you can witness the city’s rich painting history from the medieval (中世纪的) period to the present. (卢浮宫博物馆是世界上最著名的艺术博物馆之一，在这里你可以见证这座城市从中世纪到现在丰富的绘画历史。)”可知，卢浮宫博物馆是了解从中世纪开始到现在的绘画历史的地方。故选B。
3．细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段末句“Here are some of these famous spots that are essential to understand the city’s complicated past. (这里有一些著名的景点，对于了解这座城市复杂的过去是必不可少的。)”可知，本文展示了关于巴黎历史的一些景点。故选D。
4．C 5．C 6．D 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，体现了“人与自我”的主题语境，主要介绍了一本食谱的特色、创作过程中的考量和所取得的成就，表达了该食谱创作者（一个美籍华人家庭）和一些美国人对中餐的热爱。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句““We call our cookbook culinary genealogy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and younger sister.(“我们称我们的烹饪书为烹饪家谱(烹饪谱)。我们希望这本书通过食物讲述我们的家庭故事，而不仅仅是特色食谱，”莎拉·梁说，她在疫情期间与父母和妹妹共同撰写了这本书)”可知，the Leung family想要在这本食谱中通过食物讲述家庭故事，因此把这本食谱叫作烹饪家谱，故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We grew up in a food-obsessed (着迷的) family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.”(“我们生长在一个痴迷美食的家庭。老实说，这些食谱中有四分之一是我自己开发的，”莎拉补充道。“随着时间的推移，我们将实现我们的目标:所有家庭成员都是能干的中国厨师。”)”可知，the Leung family对食物很着迷，并正为实现全员成为中餐大师的目标付出努力，说明他们“devoted”；以及第三段中““Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point.(萨拉说：“家常菜和餐馆菜同样重要，但它们是不同的。”她补充说，这家人还讨论了如何尊重每一点)”可知，the Leung family想在食谱中体现对中餐方方面面的尊重，说明他们“considerate”，故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段中“I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence.(我从宫保鸡丁开始了我的探索，这是一道很受欢迎的菜，也是我的最爱。令人高兴的是，我做的菜尝起来像它应该有的味道。它真的建立了我的信心)”可知，作者按照这本食谱首先尝试了制作宫保鸡丁，结果做出来的宫保鸡丁和作者之前吃过的味道很像。这增强了作者的信心，故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out.(这本食谱正在推动中国烹饪成为美国家庭烹饪的领域。长期以来，中国烹饪一直是一种许多人只习惯在外面吃饭的烹饪方式)”可知，这本食谱正推动着中餐成为美国家庭厨师烹饪的一部分；在此之前的很长时间，许多想要享用中餐的美国人只能前往外面的餐馆，故选D项。
8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队的发现（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大脑发育，尤其是语言方面）和其他专家就该研究发现发表的言论。
8．词义猜测题。根据划线词“is, absolutely talking to your kids. It’s literally shaping the structure of the brain”可知，Prof. John P. Spencer认为重点是跟孩子交流；这确实能够影响孩子大脑结构的发育，故划线词意思是“重点”。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team find, for the 30-month-olds, larger amounts of adult speech are associated with higher quantities of myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; however, for the 6-month-olds, it goes the opposite way.(研究小组发现，对于30个月大的婴儿来说，更多的成人语言与大脑中语言相关通路中更多的髓磷脂有关;然而，对于6个月大的婴儿来说，情况正好相反)”以及第四段“While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer points out one possible factor: the brain’s stage of development.(虽然后者出乎意料，但斯宾塞指出了一个可能的因素:大脑的发育阶段)”可知，使这个研究团队吃惊的是第三段中提到的对六个月大的婴儿的研究发现，故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“The researchers conclude adult speech is significant for both age groups and that the more adult speech children go through, the more sensitive they will be to language”可知，研究人员得出结论：父母的言语对六个月大和三十个月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言语越多，孩子们日后对语言就会越敏感，故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““No final conclusion could be made before this potential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently no standard around the amount of input children should receive, caregivers should not necessarily feel pressure to talk more to their children.”(“在测试这种潜在的遗传效应之前，无法得出最终结论。然而，目前还没有关于孩子应该接受多少信息的标准，照顾者不必感到压力，要和孩子多说话。”)”可知，Dr. Saloni Krishnan认为在潜在的基因方面的影响被测定之前，不能断言“父母多跟孩子交流会提高孩子的语言能力”，即这个研究团队需要做进一步的研究，故选A项。
12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技术——可以降噪的超薄扬声器。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“It could turn your walls into noise-canceling systems.(它可以把你的墙变成噪音消除系统)”可知，这种新型扬声器可以消除噪音。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“Han’s team sandwiches their new material between two plastic sheets to protect the domes.(韩的团队将他们的新材料夹在两块塑料片之间，以保护圆顶)”和最后一句“So if you touch the surface, you don’t need to worry about damaging these small structures.(所以如果你触摸表面，你不必担心会损坏这些小结构)”可知，这些圆顶状的结构被上下层材料夹在中间保护起来，因此它们不容易受损。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Han points out large area of the new material could make controlling noise much easier.(韩指出，大面积的新材料可以使控制噪音变得更加容易)”可知，大面积使用这种材料更容易控制噪音。故选B。
15．观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘The new speakers are so thin and light that they could be placed in spaces where traditional loudspeakers might have been impractical,’ Beckstead adds. She notes that adding noise-canceling technology to loud spaces from restaurants to noisy industrial plants would be fantastic.(Beckstead补充说：‘这种新型扬声器非常轻薄，可以放置在传统扬声器可能不切实际的地方。’她指出，在从餐馆到嘈杂的工业工厂的嘈杂空间中添加降噪技术将是非常棒的)”可推知， Beckstead对这种新型扬声器的应用持支持态度。故选A。
16．G 17．F 18．B 19．D 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大量的家庭作业可能会给学生带来的身心健康问题，并号召管理人员、教师和家长解决这个问题。
16．根据后文“Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind.(大量的家庭作业会给学生带来压力，并导致身心健康问题。)”可知，此处是讲过多的家庭作业会导致身心健康问题，所以选项G“无论如何，太多的家庭作业会导致相当多的身体和精神问题。”切合文意。故选G。
17．根据后文“The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that.(建议的时间是10分钟乘以年级水平。一年级有10分钟；二年级有20分钟；三年级只有30分钟，以此类推，但孩子们做的远远不止这些。)”可知，此处是指学生的实际作业量远超推荐量是没有好处的，所以选项F“孩子们的作业量超过了推荐量，却没有任何学业上的好处。”切合文意。故选F。
18．根据后文“There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.(2小时后对高中生没有任何学习效益，1个半小时后对中学生没有任何学习效益。)”可知，此处是讲学生的作业量太多没有任何好处，所以选项B“学生做得越多，从中得到的就越少。”切合文意。故选B。
19．根据前文“Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities.(总是做作业会导致运动和课外活动的时间减少。)”和后文“Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing.(更糟糕的是，和朋友出去玩的时间减少了，这意味着社交活动减少了。)”可知，此处是讲过多的作业量会导致学生各方面的时间减少以及带来的后果，所以选项D“家庭时间也减少，这可能会增加更多的家庭冲突。”切合文意。故选D。
20．根据后文“If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!(如果老师和家长设法减少家庭作业的数量，压力和焦虑就会减少，幸福就会增加！)”可知，此处是讲号召解决家庭作业过多的问题，所以选项C“管理人员、教师和家长需要解决这个问题。”切合文意。故选C。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公丹奇将发给自己孙子的短信误发给了一个叫辛顿的小伙，因为这一次“错误”，辛顿收获了几位“家人”，并参与了他们的感恩节聚会。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，从那以后，这对陌生人每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。A. reminded提醒；B. invited邀请；C. forced迫使；D. allowed允许。根据“a stranger to attend the family’s Thanksgiving dinner”以及下文“now the pair have 3 the holiday together”可知，此处为一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年，一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，从那以后，这对夫妇每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。A. friend朋友；B. deal交易；C. decision决定；D. story故事。根据下文“and now the pair have 3 the holiday together every year since.”可推知，此处为一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友。故选A项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，从那以后，这对夫妇每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。A. planned计划；B. organized组织；C. celebrated庆祝；D. booked预定。根据上文提到的一位祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友，以及该句中的“the holiday together every year since.”可推知，此处为从那以后，这对陌生人每年都会一起庆祝感恩节。故选C项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2016年，旺达·丹奇(Wanda Dench)试图给孙子发短信，告诉他家里的感恩节晚餐计划，但她不小心在短信里添加了一个陌生人。A. carefully仔细地；B. purposefully有目的地；C. secretly秘密地；D. accidentally不小心地。根据上文提到的试图给孙子发短信，告诉他家里的感恩节晚餐计划，以及该句中的but 转折和“added a stranger to the message.”可推知，此处为她不小心在短信里添加了一个陌生人。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：贾马尔·辛顿收到了这条节日短信，并开玩笑地接受了她的邀请。A. gift礼物；B. idea主意；C. offer提议，邀请；D. apology道歉。根据上文提到的祖母错误地邀请了一位陌生人参加家庭的感恩节晚餐，结果却交到了朋友。以及该句中的“accepted”可知，此处为贾马尔·辛顿开玩笑地接受了她的邀请。故选C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你不是我的奶奶，”辛顿回复道，并附上了一张自拍照，以表明他不是丹奇以为她在发短信的那个孙子。A. argue争论；B. pretend假装；C. show表明；D. announce宣布。根据上文“Hinton wrote back, including a selfie”可知，此处为辛顿回复道，并附上了一张自拍照，以表明他不是丹奇以为她在发短信的那个孙子。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丹奇，这位慈祥的祖母，回答说：“你当然可以。A. generous慷慨的；B. strict严格的；C. patient有耐心的；D. caring关心他人的，体贴的。根据祖母的回复“Of course you can.”可推知，此处为表示祖母是很有爱心的。故选D项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奶奶就是这么做的……喂饱每个人。A. forgive原谅；B. feed喂养；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。根据句意以及上文“That’s what Grandmas do”可推知，此处为表示奶奶就是这么贴心的喂饱每一个人。故选B项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：感恩节那天，他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。A. casually随意地；B. hardly几乎不；C. nearly将近；D. actually事实上。 根据句意以及该句中的“drove from Tempe, Arizona to Mesa”可推知，此处为他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。故选D项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：感恩节那天，他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。A. disturb打扰；B. join加入；C. greet打招呼；D. congratulate祝贺。根据下文“And every year since, Hinton and Dench have got together for the holiday.”可知，此处为他从亚利桑那州的坦佩开车到梅萨，和丹奇一家一起过节。故选B项。
31．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，去年感恩节，为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。A. in honor of为了纪念；B. in search of寻找；C. in praise of赞扬；D. in place of代替。根据上文“Dench’s husband, Lonnie, had died from COVID-19.”可知，此处为为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，去年感恩节，为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。A. conversation对话；B. conference会议；C. competition比赛；D. gathering聚会。根据该句中的“the family held a small, pared-down (精简的)…”以及“to keep the 13 alive.”可推知，此处为为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。故选D项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，去年感恩节，为了纪念朗尼，这家人在节后的第二天举行了一个小型的、精简的聚会，以保持这一传统。 A. mistake错误；B. news新闻；C. tradition传统；D. holiday节日。根据下文“This year, Hinton tweeted, “We are all set for year 6!”可知，今年已经是第六年举行这个聚会了，由此可推知，这已经形成了一种传统了。 故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样分享了他们文字交流的截图。A. taking带走；B. enjoying享受； C. collecting收集；D. sharing分享。根据句意以及该句中的“a screenshot of their text exchange as usual.”可推知，此处为像往常一样分享了他们文字交流的截图。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个善良的故事再次走红，在社交媒体上传播了一些节日的欢呼。A. honesty诚实；B. kindness善良；C. generosity慷慨；D. toughness韧性。通读全文以及下文“spreading some holiday cheer on social media.”可知，此处为这个善良的故事再次走红，在社交媒体上传播了一些节日的欢呼。故选B项。
36．an 37．having 38．based 39．studies 40．potentially 41．to 42．what 43．disappeared 44．biological 45．are exposed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。害羞是影响很多人的一件事，它通常始于童年。有一些研究表明童年时期的父母越自信或直言不讳，孩子就可能变得越害羞。还有一些研究表明，父母对孩子的需求越敏感，并对其做出适当的反应，害羞的风险就会降低。
36．考查冠词。句意：作为“宝贝安娜贝尔问专家”活动的一名专家，人们问我，害羞的个性是我们天生的，还是我们根据自己的经历发展起来的。可数名词expert在句中表示“一名专家”，泛指，expert发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰，故填an。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词，故填having。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语修饰something，因两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填based。
39．考查名词。句意：我的父母都很外向、自信，有一些研究表明，童年时期的父母越自信或直言不讳，孩子就可能变得越害羞。分析句子中结构，空白处在句子中做主语使用名词，根据空白处前面的不定代词some可知空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填studies。
40．考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中修饰动词become，用副词potentially，作状语，意为“可能地”。故填potentially。
41．考查介词。句意：一些研究表明，父母对孩子的需求越敏感，并对其做出适当的反应，害羞的风险就会降低。分析句子结构，be sensitive to为固定短语，含义为“对……敏感”，符合句意，故填to。
42．考查名词性从句。句意：就我而言，事情就是这样：我的父母向我求助，随着时间的推移，我的需求和害羞几乎完全消失了。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，空白处在表语从句中做主语，表示内容，使用what连接表语从句，故填what。
43．考查时态。句意：同上。分析句子中结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是一个发生在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时形式，故填disappeared。
44．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，一个人的个性有生物学基础，长期以来人们一直认为，从几个月大的婴儿身上就可以识别出来。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语表示性质，使用形容词，故填biological。
45．考查被动语态。句意：但重要的是要认识到，孩子的性格会发生变化，随着他们接触到越来越多的人、物体和情况，害羞的迹象会逐渐消失。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，使用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语为复数，故填are exposed。
46．Dear David,
I am writing to tell you that we intend to celebrate the tenth anniversary of our Chinese Literature Club and I sincerely invite you to attend.
The celebration activity will be held on next Wednesday in the lecture hall. As scheduled, various activities will be available ranging from an oral Chinese speech to Chinese song performances. Additionally, a Chinese play named Teahouse will be also on show. Everything will overflow with happiness then.
I hope we are lucky enough to have you here and expect to have a pleasant time with your presence and participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你是学校文学社的社长。社团成立十周年，将举办一系列的活动，打算邀请外教老师David参加。请你给外教老师写一封邮件。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
打算：intend to do sth→plan to do sth
参加：attend→take part in
演讲：speech→lecture
此外：additionally→in addition
2. 句式拓展
同义句
原名：As scheduled, various activities will be available ranging from an oral Chinese speech to Chinese song performances.
拓展句：As scheduled, various activities will be available, which range from an oral Chinese speech to Chinese song performances.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am writing to tell you that we intend to celebrate the tenth anniversary of our Chinese Literature Club and I sincerely invite you to attend. （运用了that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] Additionally, a Chinese play named Teahouse will be also on show. （运用了过去分词作后置定语）
47．His first shot bounced around but missed. As soon as Kevin’s teammates had the ball again, they passed it to Kevin who was standing in the certain place near the free-throw line. He shot it slowly, but he missed it again. Nevertheless, all the players of his team kept throwing the ball to him and clapped him with encouragement. Very soon the audience figured out what was happening, so one by one they stood up and clapped their hands. The whole playground thundered with the clapping and shouting, “Kevin! Kevin!” And Kevin just kept shooting.
Finally, the ball took one bounce and went in unexpectedly. With arms shooting high into the air, Kevin shouted, “I won! I won!” He jumped high and hugged every teammate excitedly. Everyone could see tears welling in his eyes. They began to shout wildly and clap their hands to congratulate him. The feathery snow danced in the late afternoon air, making a beautiful sight. The clock ticked off the last few seconds and the first-place team remained undefeated. Even though they lost this game again that afternoon, everyone left the playground truly feeling like a winner.
【导语】本文以人物线索展开，讲述了Kevin是个“迟钝”的男孩，但和其他人相处的很好，他加入了他的老师Randy组建的篮球队，Kevin热爱篮球，但是他投不进球，球队输掉了所有的比赛。在赛季结束时，他们不幸地与第一名的球队比赛，虽然比对方落后很多，但是Kevin的队友觉得应该让Kevin投篮，每次Kevin所在的球队拿到球，Kevin都要站在罚球线附近他的特殊位置，然后他们就会把球给他。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句“他的第一球弹过，但没有击中”可知，第一段可描写Kevin第一次失败后大家的举动，所有人都为Kevin鼓掌，鼓励他。
②由第二段首句“最后，球弹了一下，出乎意料地进去了”可知，第二段要描写Kevin进球后大家的反应和感想。
2. 续写线索：
Kevin投球不进——观众加油助力——Kevin进球——Kevin、队友、观众的反应——虽输犹胜——感想
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓掌：clap/applaud
②拥抱：hug /embrace
③大喊：shout/yell
情绪类
①兴奋地：excitedly/with excitement
②疯狂地：wildly/crazily
【点睛】【高分句型1】Very soon the audience figured out what was happening, so one by one they stood up and clapped their hands. （运用了what引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Even though they lost this game again that afternoon, everyone left the playground truly feeling like a winner.（运用了even though引导的让步状语从句）
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