人教版初中英语---中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---简单句

这是一份人教版初中英语---中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---简单句，共18页。试卷主要包含了 句子成分的概念，充当词， 选择疑问句， 反意疑问句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考一轮复习语法必考点---简单句
精讲
一．句子成分
1. 句子成分的概念
主语：表示所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”【句子的主体】
谓语：说明主语的动作、行为或状态
表语：说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态
宾语：表示动作、行为的对象【置于动词或介词之后】
宾补：用来补充说明宾语【一般置于宾语之后】
定语：用来修饰名词或代词
状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等

2.充当词
主语：名词性
谓语：动词性
表语：名词性、形容词性
宾语：名词性
宾补：词性不定
定语：形容词性
状语：副词性

拓展： 如何划分句子成分
Sam finds sweeping robots useful. 山姆发现扫地机器人非常有用。
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补

[This kind of] positive altitude is supposed （to change your whole day）.
定语 主语 谓语 状语

修饰
这种积极的态度应该会改变你的一整天。

二．五大基本句型
1.五大基本句型的构成
1）主S+谓V(不及物动词）：
I agree. 我同意。
2） 主S+谓V(及物动词）＋宾O：
I love classroom discussions. 我喜欢课堂讨论。
3）主S+谓V(及物动词）＋间宾IO+直宾DO：
They may give you some advice. 他们可能会给你一些建议。
4）主S+谓V(及物动词）＋宾O+宾补OC：
Eric made his T-shirt dirty. 艾瑞克把他的T恤弄脏了。
5）主S+系LV+表P：
They are traditional Chinese food. 它们是中国传统食物。
拓展：
讲解五大基本句型时，通常以陈述句的形式为例。
陈述句是用于陈述事实或看法的句子
若肯定句中含有some,someone,somebody,something,somewhere,already等词，变疑问句或否定句时，须将这些词依次转换为 any,anyone,anybody,anything,anywhere,yet等

三．疑问句
1.一般疑问句
一般疑问句是用于询问事物或某种情况是否属实的句子。
1） Be动词＋主语＋表语＋. . .?
Is it OK if I take this seat?我可以坐这个座位吗？
2） 助动词＋主语＋动词原形／分词＋. . . ?
Do they want to go fishing?他们想去钓鱼吗？
3）情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋. . . ?
Can you give me a ride?你能载我一程吗？

拓展：(1)一般疑问句的回答有两种特殊情况：
①用其他语句回答，加强语气，
如：－Could you please clean the room?请你打扫一下房间好吗？
－No problem!没问题！

②用be动词／助动词／情态动词的否定式提问的句子，常表示惊讶、怀疑、赞叹等语气，
其肯定回答用“Yes+肯定简略句”，译作“不，. . . . . ”；
否定回答用“No+否定简略句”，译作“是，. . . . . ”
如：－Don't you go to school by bike?你不骑车去上学吗？
－No,I don't. I walk to school every day. 是的，我不骑车，我每天步行上学。

(2) 陈述句变一般疑问句的一般步骤:
一看：看主句的谓语动词
二定：①谓语动词为实义动词，根据不同时态、人称借助助动词（do/does/did),实义动词要还原
②谓语动词为系动词be,根据不同的人称变其适当形式（am/are/were. . . )
③谓语动词为情态动词，无须变化
三提：将既定的系动词be、助动词或情态动词提到主语前，且首字母须大写
四变：第一人称变第二人称（如：my变成your):some常常变any:原句首字母变小写：切记句号变问号

2. 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词引导，以寻求信息为目的的疑问句：回答既可用完整答语（其中名词多用代词替代），也可只回答提问部分。

1） 特殊疑问词＋be动词＋主语＋. . . ?
What is your birthday gift?你的生日礼物是什么？
2）特殊疑问词＋助动词＋主语＋动词原形／分词＋ . . ?
What does Li Hua usually do after school? 李华放学后通常做什么？
3）特殊疑问词＋情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋ . . ?
－What can I do for you?我能帮你做什么？
－I want to buy a pair of sports shoes.我想买一双运动鞋。
4）What+可数名词单数＋be动词／助动词／情态动词＋ . . ?
What color is Sally's skirt?萨莉的裙子是什么颜色？
5）How many+可数名词复数＋be动词／助动词／情态动词＋ . . ?
－How many tomatoes are there in the basket?篮子里有多少西红柿？
－There's only one. 只有一个。

拓展：
陈述句变特殊疑问句（对画线部分提问）的一般步骤：
一加：判断画线部分确定缺少什么成分，选定相应的特殊疑问词置于句首，且首字母须大写
二接：疑问词后接be动词、助动词的适当形式或情态动词，但how many先接可数名词复数，再接be动词、助动词的适当形式或情态动词等
三抄：照抄除画线部分外的内容
四变：第一人称变第二人称（如：my变成your);some常常变any:原句首字母变小写；切记句号变问号：实义动词须还原

3. 选择疑问句
选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择的句子。

1） 一般选择疑问句：
一般疑问句+or+被选择的成分？
Is the mobile phone new or old?这部手机是新的还是旧的？

2） 特殊选择疑问句：
特殊疑问句+被选择的成分（A）+or+被选择的成分（B）？
Which do you prefer,traditional Western music or pop music?你更喜欢哪个，西方传统音乐还是流行音乐？

4. 反意疑问句
反意疑问句是在陈述部分后附加一个问句，对陈述部分所述内容或观点提出疑问，
附加问句的谓语动词及主语的形式均须与陈述部分保持一致，且主语必须用人称代词，反意疑问句通常遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原则。

陈述部分
问句部分
There be 句型
be的适当形式＋there?
否定
意义
句中含有 no/few/little/never/seldom/hardly/neither等否定词
肯定形式

句中含有如disagree/unable/useless等带有否定词缀的词
否定形式

谓语动词为used to+动词原形（曾经）
didn't/usedn't+主语？
谓语动词为ought to+动词原形（应该）
ought(n't)/should(n't)+主语？
谓语动词为have/has (+动词的适当形式）
表示“有”
do或have的适当形式＋主语？
不表示“有”
do的适当形式＋主语？
作助动词

have的适当形式＋主语

谓语动词为need/dare
作情态动词
need(n't)/dare(n't)+主语？
作实义动词

do的适当形式＋主语？

谓语动词为must+动词原形
表示“必须”
must(n't)+主语？
表示“有必要”
need(n't)+主语？
表示“必定”（含推测）
must后动词的适当形式＋主语？
祈使句

Let us/me. . .
will you?
Let's. . .
shall we?
复合句
视主句主谓情况而定
陈述部分为复合句，且主句主语是第一人称I/we,谓语是 think/believe/suppose/am sure/am afraid. . .
视从句主谓情况而定，注意否定前移

主语是不定式／动名词／从句
主语多用it
I am+表语
aren't I?
主语是指人的不定代词，如everyone/anyone/someone/no one等
强调整体，主语用they
强调个体，主语用he
主语是指物的不定代词，如everything/anything/something/nothing等
主语用it

主语是指示代词
this/that
主语用it
these/those
主语用 they

拓展：
中考英语对于反意疑问句的考查主要涉及其附加问句以及答语，
附加问句通常遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”这一原则：
无论陈述部分是肯定还是否定，答语均须遵循“一致性”原则，即“Yes+肯定内容；No+否定内容”。
如：You aren't a student now,are you?你现在不是学生了，是吗？
如果你是一名学生，就回答“Yes,I am. ”；
如果不是，就回答“No, I'm not. ”
（即按真实情况回答，“是”就用“Yes”，“不是”就用“No”；
但若反意疑问句的陈述部分为否定形式，在翻译答语时，“Yes”要翻译为“不”，而“No”要翻译为“是”。）

四．感叹句
1.感叹句的引导词及构成
引导词

功能

结构

What

做定语，修饰名词（短语）
What+a/an+形容词＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
What+形容词＋可数名词复数／不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！
How

做状语，修饰形容词、副词等

How+形容词／副词（＋主语＋谓语）！
How+形容词＋a/an+可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！
How+主语＋谓语！

拓展：
（1）感叹词what或how如何选？
先找感叹句主谓，分隔线划主语前。
线前名词用what,如是形副就填how;
冠词a/an直接名，那就只能把how填：
形后直接名单数，切记what a/an跟

（2）what或how引导的感叹句本身表达一种强烈的感情，一般不与程度副词very、really、even、rather、quite、extremely 等连用，以避免语义重复。

五．祈使句
1. 祈使句的构成
祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子，
其主语常为第二人称you,通常省略，多以动词原形开始。

肯定式：
1） 动词原形（＋宾语.. . ).
Go and wash your socks. 去把你的袜子洗了吧。
2） Be+表语（名词／形容词... ).
Be quiet,please 请安静。
3） Let+宾语（通常为第一或第三人称宾格）＋动词原形...
Let's go home！ It's late now. 咱们回家吧！现在已经很晚了。
4） Please+动词（短语）...
【please也可放在句末，其前加逗号】
Please go over your exam papers once again before handing them in.
交试卷前，请再仔细检查一遍。

否定式:
1）Don't+动词原用...
Don't touch the photos in the museum. 不要触摸博物馆里的照片。
2）No+名词或动名词
【常见于日常生活中的警示语中】
No entry. 禁止入内！
3） Don't+let+宾语＋动词原形...
Let+宾语＋not+动词原形....

Don't let the Internet control your life. 不要让网络控制你的生活。
Let's not worry about our problems. 让我们不要担心我们的问题。

拓展：
（1） let's 和let us的区别：
let's包括听话者，let us不包括听话者

（2） 祈使句中若有称呼语；置于句首或句末，须用逗号（，）隔开，且动词仍用原形，即动词的形式不因称呼语而变，
如：David,don't make trouble at school. 戴维，在学校别惹麻烦。

（3） “祈使句＋逗号（，）＋and/or+陈述句”结构的3种考查形式
①祈使句中的谓语动词须用动词原形
②并列连词and/or的选择
and:表顺承，可不译，其中祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句，
如：Try your best,and you'll make progress sooner or later.
尽自己最大的努力，你迟早会取得进步。
or:表以祈使句为条件的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”，
如：Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.快一点，不然你上学要迟到了。
③陈述句中的常见时态为一般将来时或一般现在时

(4)祈使句的答语
常用的肯定回答：OK!/Good idea. /Sounds great!/I'll do it!等
常用的否定回答：Sorry,I won't. /Sorry,I. . . 等



精练

一． 完成句子
1. Li Lei does the housework every day.(改为否定句）
Li Lei____________the housework every day.
2. The invention of smart phones changed the world in many ways.（改为一般疑问句）
____________the invention of smart phones___________the world in many ways?
3. She has some good news.(改为一般疑问句）
__________she have________good news?
4. That amusement park has lots of tourists during the holiday.(对画线部分提问）
________________that amusement park have lots of tourists?
5. The English dictionary is 25 dollars.(对画线部分提问）
____________________is the English dictionary?
6. I was studying for the test when the rainstorm came.(对画线部分提问）
__________were you__________when the rainstorm came?？
7. Let us go to school on foot,_________________?（完成反意疑问句）
8. Let's make a model plane for Kangkang's birthday,______________（完成反意疑问句）
9.有您这样的老师，我是多么的幸运啊！
________________________I am to have a teacher like you!
10. _________ (close) your eyes and do eye exercises,kids.
11.People will use robots more and more in the future life.(改为一般疑问句）
________people________robots more and more in the future life?
12. China has a population of 1. 37 billion.(对画线部分提问）
___________________the population of China ?
13.You can't play the guitar in the classroom.(改为祈使句）
_______________the guitar in the classroom.
14. Susan has little time to play,_____________？（完成反意疑问句）
15. The sightseeing in Kalajun Grassland is beautiful.(改为感叹句)
_______________the sightseeing in Kalajun Grassland is!

二．单项选择
1. Which of the following sentences is correct?
A. He came in and sat down.
B. We all like 《Harry Potter》.
C. When we met. He didn't say hello.
D. He went out, headed for the bus stop.
2. Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.”in pattern(结构）？
A. You have a very nice sister.
B. He likes playing the piano.
C. They are good at math.
D. We call her Ms. Liu.
3. Helen was so excited at the news that she could______say a word.
A.ever B.almost C.hardly D.always
4. I think coffee tastes good, but not______likes drinking it.
A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody
5. The 3D Titanic is a moving film. My parents have seen it twice______.
A.yet B.already C.never D.almost
6. I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldn't find______suitable.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
7. -Do you think I could borrow your pencil?
--__________.
A. Yes,you may borrow B. Yes,you could
C. Yes,go on D. Yes,help yourself
8. -Hello, Helen! Can I see Mr. Smith?
－＿______. I'll tell him you are here.
A. Never mind B. It sounds like fun C. Just a minute D. Sorry to hear that
9. -______did you stop playing?
－Because I was tired.
A. How B. Why C. When D. Where
10. -_______is it from your home to your school?
－It's about 10 minutes'ride.
A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often
11. -________?
－She is of medium height with blue eyes.
A. How is Rita B. What does Rita like
C. What does Rita look like D. How do you like Rita
12. -What does your mother do?
--____________
A. She is a teacher. B. She is fifty.
C. She likes reading. D. She works in a hospital.
13. -What's the time?
--__________.
A. It's Friday B. It's 10th September C. It's ten D. It's cloudy
14. -What's the date today?
--________.
A.It's Monday B. It's June 26th C. It's cloudy D. It's half past eleven
15. -Hi,Diana, how was your summer holiday?
--_______！I enjoyed myself in the sea very much.
A. Good idea B. Wait a minute C. That's too bad D. Pretty good
16. -Exeuse me,where's the meeting room?
--__________. I will show you there.
A. This way,please B. That's right C. I can manage D. In your dreams
17. -Did Jeff go to the zoo by subway or by taxi yesterday?
--_________
A. Yes, he went there by subway.
B. No, he went there by bus.
C. He went there by taxi.
D. He went there to see animals.
18. -It's Father's Day today, ______?
－Yes, let's buy a gift for Dad.
A. isn't he B.doesn'tit C.isn't it
19. -There is a beautiful park near your school,______？
－Yes. I often go walking there.
A. is there B.isn't there C.are there D.aren't there
20. -He doesn't speak English or Japanese, _______?
－＿____. He speaks Chinese.
A. does he; Yes, he doesn't B. doesn't he; No, he does
C. does he; No, he doesn't D. does he; Yes, he does
21. -You can hardly swim, ______you?
－_______. But my mother says she'll teach me during my summer holiday.
A. can't; No B.can; No C.can't; Yes D.can; Yes
22. Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine,_____？
A.is she B.does she C.isn't she D.doesn't she
23. -You have joined the Singing Club, haven't you?
－_________. I like singing, but I don't have any time.
A. Yes.I do B. No. I don't C. Yes, I have D. No, I haven't
24. -Don't be late for school next time,______?
－No, I won't.
A.are you B.will you C.do you D.did you
25. -Nick's parents often talk to him about his social behavior,_______？
－Yes, they do. They think Nick should be more polite.
A. do they B.doesn't he C.don't they
26. People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers, _______?
A.don't they B.do they C.shouldn't they D.should they
27.______bad day！ It's raining hard. We have to stay at home.
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
28._______amazing concert Li Yundi gave in Linyi!
A. How an B. How C. What an D. What
29. -______excellent work you have done!
－It's very kind of you to say so.
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
30. -Look! The students are learning Hainan Opera in the music class.
－＿____special the class is!
A. What B. What a C. How
31. -_______pale you look! Are you feeling all right?
－I'm not feeling well. I've got toothache.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
32. -Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travelers in the mountains.
--_________!
A.How great a man B. How great men
C. What a great man D. What great men
33.______carefully,please! Look at the road sign. There is a school ahead.
A. Drive B. To drive C. Driving
34.______kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.
A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been
35. Tom,_______afraid of speaking in front of people. You are the best one.
A.don't B.not C.not be D.don't be
36. -Look at the sign,what does it mean?
－It means“_____”.
A.Don't talking B. No talking C. Not talk
37. Sandy,_____for some information about the topic.Then share it with us, please.
A. is searching B.searches C.search D.will search
38.______on the grass, or it will “cry".
A. To walk B. Not to walk C. Walk D. Don't walk
39.＿____hard and you'll succeed sooner or later.
A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied
40. -Don't talk in class again, Albert.
--________.
A. Don't worry B. No, I don't C. I don't know D. Sorry, I won't





参考答案：
一．1.doesn’t do 2.Did;change 3.Does;any 4.When does 5.How much 6.What;doing 7.will you 8.shall we 9.How lucky 10.Close 11.Will;use 12.What is 13.Don’t play 14.does/has she 15.How beautiful

二．1-5ADCDB 6-10BDCBC 11-15CACBD 16-20ACCBC 21-25BBDBC 26-30CBCAC 31-35BDAAD 36-40BCDAD