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【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）2021-2023年新高考II卷七选五（真题透析+变式训练）试卷
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这是一份【备战2024年高考】英语 （全国通用版）2021-2023年新高考II卷七选五（真题透析+变式训练）试卷，共19页。
2021-2023年新高考II卷七选五 真题透析+变式训练
第一部分
命题分析+秒选技能
第二部分
二年真题评析(真题呈现+全解全析+阅读高频词+长难句回顾)
第三部分
真题变式练
命题分析
阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间，段落之间的关系，对连贯性，一致性等语段特征有较强大的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，七选五题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。
近三年课标卷七选五多选用说明文体,主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会、人与自然;设题位置以段中为主,兼顾段首和段末,重点考查细节句,其次为过渡句和主题句。
秒杀技能
（1）从意思上判断
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。
（2）从词汇上锁定线索
做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。
（3）从关联词作为切入点
通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：
①并列与递进：and, or, also，neither… nor…, either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same „as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more
②因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course
③转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
④时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。
二年真题评析
真题呈现
（2023年全国新高考Ⅱ卷）
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 37
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
· 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A．Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G．You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
全解全析
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
36．【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
37．【答案】G
【解析】分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
38．【答案】A
【解析】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
39．【答案】D
【解析】分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
40．【答案】E
【解析】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
阅读高频词
1. Follower n粉丝，关注者；
2. study n. [熟词生义](绘画的)试画，习作；
3. complex adj. 复杂的；
4. work n. [熟词生义]作品：
5. life n. [熟词生义](绘画的)模特，实物；
6. post v.[名词动化]发布；
7. constructive adj. [学术词][熟词生义]积极的；
8. crucial adj.[学术词]至关重要的，关键性的；
9. harvest v.[名词动化]收获；
10. hit v.[熟词生义]遇到(困难)，经历(不愉快的事情)；
11. discouraged adj.灰心的，丧气的
12. evaluate v.[学术词]评估，评价；
长难句回顾
1.I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner.
【句意】不过，我确实记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。主句中do remember 是助动词do 强调谓语动词remember的强调句， what it was like… 是 what 引导的remember的宾语从句。
2. You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
【句意】你会想回顾你的旅程，看看你已经走了多远。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。to see…是动词不定式作目的状语从句，how far…是how far引导的从句作see的宾语。
3. Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.
【句意】寻求并接受建设性的反馈对成长至关重要。我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上，反过来，我也遇到了一些最善良的人。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。 Seeking and accepting…是现在分词短语作状语。
（2022年全国新高考Ⅱ卷）
真题呈现
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【篇章解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
16. 【答案】D
【解析】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
17. 【答案】B
【解析】空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
18. 【答案】E
【解析】空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
19. 【答案】F
【解析】空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
20. 【答案】G
【解析】空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
阅读高频词
1. process n.步骤，程序；过程，进程；制作方法；v.处理，加工；
高考链接 （2021全国乙卷 阅读理解）Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
【译文】事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，但联合办公区或咖啡店虽然有一定程度的噪音，同时也不会受到干扰。
2. essay n.散文；短文
3. loose adj.松散的，松的
4 even though 即使；尽管
5. revision 修改；复习
6. technique 技术；技艺；工艺
高考链接 （2020新课标I卷阅读理解）“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique,”she says.
【译文】她说，“事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人可能应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习正确的技术。”
7. draft v./n.起草，拟定方案
8. exploration n. 探险；调查；勘探，探测
9. simple adj. 简单的
长难句回顾
1. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
【句意】然而，如果你学习练习这三种简单的技能，过程将会更容易。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。从属连词if引导条件状语从句。
2. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
【句意】尽管这种技术不是对每个人都有效，但它帮助许多人获得很多好的创意。
【解析】even though引导让步状语从句，work表示“起作用，奏效”，主句it helps many people…。
3. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.
【句意】在你修改了你的草稿之后，直到它太混乱而不能够再工作时，你就可以把你的更改输入到你的文字处理器中。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。连词after引导时间状语从句，until引导时间状语从句，从句中too…to…表示“太…而不能够…”。
真题变式练
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Passage 1
（2023春·江苏·高三校联考阶段练习）Working from home has its advantages, but a sense of community is not one of them. 1 Research finds that people with friends at work are more satisfied with and perform better at their jobs. So what does it take to make friends at work? Here are some tips:
Schedule an informal meeting just to chat.
2 One study found that while people feel closer the more time they spend together, this wasn’t true at work. In fact, the more time people spent together at work, the less close they felt. This is likely because when we only focus on work, we don’t reveal anything about ourselves. If you want to make friends at work, stop talking about work.
Make informal meetings consistent.
Friendship is not built from one interaction; it grows gradually. 3 Scheduling an informal chat is great, but this chat needs to be repeated for a friendship to develop. The best way to do this is to put a standing meeting on your calendar, perhaps once a week or once a month, depending on preference.
Share more of yourself.
Now that you have stopped talking about work, start sharing stories. Study shows that people like people who disclose details about themselves and when people answer a series of intimate questions, they feel closer afterward. 4 Some good options are: What do you do for fun? What were you like in high school? etc.
5
We often think likable people are funny or smart or charismatic, but the secret to being likable is actually to like people. People like people who they think like them. Co-workers will be more likely to want to be your friend if you show them you like them by doing things like greeting them warmly and celebrating their success.
A．Express praise.
B．Get intentional with team building.
C．We unconsciously like those we are more exposed to.
D．Use interesting questions to get to know your co-workers.
E．It pays to build a network of co-workers who see your value.
F．You can’t build a friendship if you only ever talk about work.
G．Still, feeling connected at work is necessary for our success in our jobs and lives.
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在工作中交朋友。
1．【答案】G
【解析】根据下文“Research finds that people with friends at work are more satisfied with and perform better at their jobs. (研究发现，工作中有朋友的人对自己的工作更满意，表现也更好。)”可知，在工作中能交到朋友有助于提高我们的工作表现，G项意为“尽管如此，在工作中感受到联系对于我们在工作和生活中取得成功是必要的。”选项能够引起下文，在工作中感受到联系对于我们的工作有益，而在工作中交到朋友能让我们在工作中感受到联系。故选G。
2．【答案】F
【解析】F根据下文“This is likely because when we only focus on work, we don’t reveal anything about ourselves. If you want to make friends at work, stop talking about work. (这可能是因为当我们只专注于工作时，我们不会透露任何关于自己的信息。如果你想在工作中交朋友，就别再谈论工作了。)”可知，如果你想在工作中交朋友，就不要只是谈论工作，F项意为“如果你只谈论工作，你就无法建立友谊。”选项能够引起下文，下文解释了“如果你只谈论工作，你就无法建立友谊”的原因。故选F。
3．【答案】C
【解析】C根据上文“Friendship is not built from one interaction; it grows gradually. (友谊不是从一次互动中建立起来的；它逐渐形成。)”可知，友谊是从不断的接触中形成的，C项意为“我们无意识地喜欢那些我们更容易接触的人。”选项能够承接上文，友谊是从不断的接触中形成的，因为我们总是无意识地喜欢那些我们更容易接触的人。故选C。
4．【答案】D
【解析】D根据下文“Some good options are: What do you do for fun? What were you like in high school? etc. (一些好的选择是：你做什么取乐？你高中时是什么样的？等)”可知，下文介绍了为了了解你的同事，你可以问什么问题，D项意为“利用有趣的问题来了解你的同事。”选项能够引起下文，下文正是对“interesting questions”的举例。故选D。
5．【答案】A
【解析】A根据下文“People like people who they think like them. Co-workers will be more likely to want to be your friend if you show them you like them by doing things like greeting them warmly and celebrating their success. (人们喜欢他们认为喜欢自己的人。如果你通过热情地问候同事和庆祝他们的成功等方式向他们表明你喜欢他们，那么同事更有可能成为你的朋友。)”可知，如果你经常表扬同事，表明你喜欢他们，那么同事更有可能成为你的朋友，A项意为“表达赞扬。”选项能概括段落主要内容，下文介绍了我们为什么要表达赞扬及要如何表达赞扬。故选A。
Passage 2
（2023春·河北石家庄·高三校联考阶段练习）When someone hurts you, it can feel good to hang onto the anger and resentment (愤恨) that may bubble up after their actions. However, forgiving others can actually benefit you both mentally and physically. 6 Forgiving yourself for hurting someone else is another tough task. With a little bit of patience, you can learn to forgive yourself or others.
Forgiving is a willingness to move on from an injustice you went through. 7 While you can consciously decide to forgive someone, it may take some time to process your emotions and actually come to terms with your situation.
8 You yourself value relationship with him or her, and believe that forgiving is worth it. Forgiveness is a decision that should be made thoughtfully, especially if someone did something seriously wrong. Take time to think through your feelings and your reasoning, to better understand the situation.
Avoid giving someone too many chances. 9 But if they are repeatedly and knowingly hurting you, or if they have done something extremely terrible, then you should consider protecting yourself. If someone has shown that they will mistreat you again and again, or that they are willing to do you serious harm, then you need to protect your own well-being.
Take the time to process your emotions. Sometimes, it takes a while to untangle (排解) all your feelings and figure out what to do. That’s okay. Give yourself time and space to process. Helpful processing tools include: Write in a journal about it. Talk to a mentor or trusted person about the situation. 10
A．Think of some reasons for forgiving yourself.
B．Consider why you want to forgive this person.
C．You may choose to forgive someone once, twice, or three times.
D．Giving too many chances to people who hurt you is not a wise idea.
E．Spend some time focusing on something else, and come back later.
F．It can also help you move on from thinking about what the other person did.
G．Forgiving someone is a tough decision to make, and it doesn’t happen instantly.
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了原谅别人对身心都有好处，以及原谅别人的方法。
6．【答案】F
【解析】第一段的第二句“However, forgiving others can actually benefit you both mentally and physically.(然而，原谅别人确实能够对你的身心都有好处)”说明原谅别人的益处，因此F项“It can also help you move on from thinking about what the other person did.(它也能够帮助你从考虑别人的所作所为的愁绪里面走出来)”也是原谅别人的好处，also表明和上文的并列关系，符合语境，故选F。
7．【答案】G
【解析】下文“While you can consciously decide to forgive someone, it may take some time to process your emotions and actually come to terms with your situation. (虽然你可以有意识地决定原谅某人，但可能需要一些时间来处理你的情绪，并真正接受你的处境)”说明决定原谅某人是需要一段时间段，因此G项“Forgiving someone is a tough decision to make, and it doesn’t happen instantly. (原谅一个人是一个很难做出的决定，而且不会马上发生)”符合语境，选项中的“doesn’t happen instantly”与下文“take some time”相互对照，，故选G。
8．【答案】B
【解析】下文“Take time to think through your feelings and your reasoning, to better understand the situation. (花点时间仔细思考你的感受和理由，以更好地理解情况)”说明本段主要在谈你之所以要原谅他或她的原因，因此B项“Consider why you want to forgive this person.(考虑一下你为什么要原谅这个人)”概括段意，故选B。
9．【答案】C
【解析】上文“Avoid giving someone too many chances.(避免给某人过多的机会)”说明不能多次原谅一个人；因此C项“You may choose to forgive someone once, twice, or three times(你可能选择原谅某人一次、两次或者三次)”符合语境，且与下文“But if they are repeatedly and knowingly hurting you, or if they have done something extremely terrible, then you should consider protecting yourself. (但是，如果他们一再故意伤害你，或者他们做了非常可怕的事情，那么你应该考虑保护自己)”构成明显的转折关系。故选C。
10．【答案】E
【解析】上文“Helpful processing tools include: Write in a journal about it. Talk to a mentor or trusted person about the situation. (有帮助的处理方法包括：写日记，和导师或信任的人谈谈这种情况) ”说明有效的处理方法，空处位于段末应承接上文。因此E项“Spend some time focusing on something else, and come back later.(花一些时间关注其他的事情，以后再回来)”符合语境，是有效的方法之一。故选E。
Passage 3
（2023春·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中）Hilde’s father was a reporter. He often took her to work with him, and she developed a strong interest in news stories and reporting. 11 She did the writing, her sister Izzy took pictures, and her father helped her organize and print the newspaper. Hilde wanted to cover big stories in her town. Following the rules her father had taught her, she researched and reported stories in her monthly newspaper.
The newspaper suddenly became famous when a murder happened in the town, and Hilde was the first person to report it. Soon, news organizations around the country were doing stories on Hilde.
12 Some people criticized her parents for allowing her to report on something as unpleasant as a murder.
Others criticized Hilde for “pretending to be a reporter’’. Some people even suggested she should be playing with dolls. 13 She responded with a YouTube video.“I never began my newspaper so that people would think I was cute,” she said.“I want to be taken seriously.’’
That wasn’t the last time Hilde had trouble getting people to take her seriously. Sometimes, it was because of her age. Other times, it was because she was a girl. 14 Hilde continued reporting and her activities as a reporter have made her famous.
Now Hilde has published a book telling her own story and the challenges she has faced. Some of those challenges came from Hilde herself, struggling to figure out who she was as she grew older. 15 But she is still just 15, and has plenty of time to decide what she wants to do with her life. Her efforts have already inspired people around the world.
A．But she never let that stop her.
B．Hilde was upset by the complaints.
C．For now, Hilde says she has given up reporting.
D．When she was 8, Hilde started her own newspaper.
E．Her great success in reporting has changed her life.
F．Not everyone was happy about Hilde’s efforts, though.
G．She was clearly in a dilemma about how to solve the crisis.
【篇章导读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了8岁的女孩Hilde创办自己的报纸遇到的种种非议，赞扬了Hilde不怕挑战，迎难而上的品质。
11．【答案】D 【解析】上文“He often took her to work with him, and she developed a strong interest in news stories and reporting.”（他经常带她一起去工作，她对新闻故事及报道产生了强烈的兴趣。）说明了Hilde开始对报纸行业产生兴趣，结合下文“She did the writing, her sister Izzy took pictures, and her father helped her organize and print the newspaper.”（她负责撰稿，她的妹妹Izzy负责拍照，她父亲帮她排版和打印报纸。）可知，Hilde开始自己制作报纸，D项“When she was 8, Hilde started her own newspaper.”（当她八岁时，Hilde开办了自己的报纸。）衔接上下文恰当。故选D项。
12．【答案】F
【解析】上文“Soon, news organizations around the country were doing stories on Hilde.”（很快，全国各地的新闻机构都在报道Hilde。）可知，Hilde有了名声，结合下文“Some people criticized her parents for allowing her to report on something as unpleasant as a murder.”（有些人批评她的父母允许她报道一些像谋杀这样令人不快的事情。）可知，并不是所有人都欣赏Hilde的报道行为，F项“Not everyone was happy about Hilde’s efforts, though.”（但是，并不是每个人都欣赏Hilde做出的努力。）衔接上下文恰当。故选F项。
13．【答案】B
【解析】上文“Others criticized Hilde for “pretending to be a reporter’’. Some people even suggested she should be playing with dolls.”（有些人批评她说她假装记者。还有一些人甚至建议她应该玩洋娃娃。）描述了人们对Hilde各种各样的批评，空处应该承接上文，指出Hilde对此做出的反应，B项“Hilde was upset by the complaints.”（Hilde对这些抱怨感到不安。）中“complaints”照应上文提到的各种批评，衔接恰当。故选B项。
14．【答案】A
【解析】上文“Sometimes, it was because of her age. Other times, it was because she was a girl.”（有时候，是因为她的年龄，有时候是因为她的性别。）说明了人们批评Hilde的其他原因，结合下文“Hilde continued reporting and her activities as a reporter have made her famous.”（Hilde继续她的报道，她作为记者的行为使她非常出名。）可知，Hilde并没有因为批评而停止报道。A项“But she never let that stop her”（但她从未因此而停止。）衔接恰当。故选A项。
15．【答案】C
【解析】下文“But she is still just 15, and has plenty of time to decide what she wants to do with her life.”（但是她才15岁，有大量的时间去决定她想从事的工作。）可知，前句与其构成转折，C项“For now, Hilde says she has given up reporting.”（现在，Hilde说她已经不再报道新闻了。）说明她现在不再报道新闻了，衔接后文“虽然如此，但她年龄还小，有大量的时间去决定日后从事的工作”符合句意。故选C项。
Passage 4
（2023春·山东潍坊·高三统考阶段练习）Have you ever wondered why most people prefer to book accommodations that have a great view from the balcony? Frank Lloyd Wright says, “Study Nature, love Nature, stay close to Nature. 16 .”
It’s no secret that closing to nature is good for creative minds. Scientists agree that being in nature restores exhausted attention circuits, which can then help us be more open to creativity and problem-solving. 17 : As part of her daily writing routine, bestseller author JK. Rowling would take a morning walk to small streams nearby before eventually returning to work. I would argue that this habit isn’t just a habit but an intentional, necessary element of her creative process. Actually, unique ideas come from the contact with nature.
Forest bathing is a common form of relaxation and medicine in Japan. It was developed in 1982, and recent studies demonstrate that being in the forest and walking among the trees lower your stress levels. The effects are so powerful that forest bathing is now a government-supported policy in Japan. 18 . Just a walk in the woods on a sunny morning also improves your wellbeing.
19 ! In a series of experiments published in 2021, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, studied the potential impact of nature on the willingness to be generous, trusting, and helpful toward others. After being exposed to the more beautiful nature scenes, participants acted more generously and more trusting in the games than those who saw less beautiful scenes, and the effects appeared to be due to corresponding increases in positive emotion.
A walk in nature walks the soul back home. 20 ? Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle.
A．It will never fail you
B．A famous-person example
C．We can find the answer easily
D．What’s a good chance to get to nature
E．So why not engage more closely with nature
F．Interestingly, nature may help you to be kind
G．But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了走进自然对人的好处，以及呼吁大家更亲近自然。
16．【答案】A
【解析】根据前文“Study Nature, love Nature, stay close to Nature.(研究自然，热爱自然，亲近自然)”可知，此处是引用名人的话，所以空处应是对前文下结论，所以A项“It will never fail you(它永远不会让你失望)”符合文意，其中it代指前文提到的Nature。故选A项。
17．【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“Scientists agree that being in nature restores exhausted attention circuits, which can then help us be more open to creativity and problem-solving.(科学家们一致认为，在大自然中可以恢复耗尽的注意力回路，从而帮助我们更有创造力和解决问题的能力)”以及后文“As part of her daily writing routine, bestseller author JK. Rowling would take a morning walk to small streams nearby before eventually returning to work.(作为她日常写作的一部分，畅销书作家JK。罗琳早上会在附近的小溪边散步，然后再回去工作)”可知，空前是本段的结论，空后是通过举例来证明，所以空处应是B项“A famous-person example(一个名人的例子)”符合文意。故选B项。
18．【答案】G
【解析】根据前文“The effects are so powerful that forest bathing is now a government-supported policy in Japan.(森林浴的效果如此之强，以至于日本政府现在支持森林浴的政策)”以及后文“Just a walk in the woods on a sunny morning also improves your wellbeing.(在阳光明媚的早晨在树林里散步也能改善你的健康)”可知，本段在讲述森林浴的好处，但结尾时只说在树林里散步也能改善你的健康，所以中间有转折，故G项“But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits(但你不必住在森林附近才能获得心理上的好处)”符合文意，能承上启下。故选G项。
19．【答案】F
【解析】分析设空，空处位于段首，应是本段的中心句，根据后文“In a series of experiments published in 2021, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, studied the potential impact of nature on the willingness to be generous, trusting, and helpful toward others. After being exposed to the more beautiful nature scenes, participants acted more generously and more trusting in the games than those who saw less beautiful scenes, and the effects appeared to be due to corresponding increases in positive emotion.(在2021年发表的一系列实验中，加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员研究了大自然对慷慨、信任和帮助他人的意愿的潜在影响。在看到更美丽的自然场景后，参与者比那些看到不那么美丽的场景的人表现得更慷慨，更信任游戏，这种效果似乎是由于积极情绪的相应增加)”可知，本段主要讲述了自然会使人表现得更慷慨，更加友好。所以F项“Interestingly, nature may help you to be kind(有趣的是，大自然可能会帮助你变得善良)”符合文意。故选F项。
20．【答案】E 【解析】根据前文“A walk in nature walks the soul back home.(在大自然中漫步，灵魂回到了家)”以及后文“Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle.(关掉手机，给自己一个融入世界的机会，去倾听对话和自然的声音，去注意人们移动的方式，去注意阳光反射在水坑里的方式)”可知此处是在呼吁大家走进自然中去，所以E项“So why not engage more closely with nature(那么，为什么不更亲近自然呢)”符合本段主题，且起到过渡作用。故选E项。
Passage 5
（2023春·湖北·高三校联考阶段练习）Psychologists have found the following strategies will effectively improve your memory.
Walking through the woods
A walk in the forest will put you at ease and improve your memory. University of Michigan psychologists asked two groups of experiment participants to go for walks. 21 . The other group wandered around a forest. Then they were given a memory test. The ones who wandered among the trees performed 20% better on the test.
22
For 30 years, psychologists have been studying “expressive writing” — writing about difficult experiences for at least 15 minutes each day. Expressive writing lets people disclose thoughts they otherwise spend mental energy trying to avoid, allowing more energy to be spent on memory.
Building meaningful links
Connecting what you just learned with what you already know will strengthen your memory. 23 . For example, you’re learning about heat transference (传导). Instead of memorizing the abstract concept — heat moves from a hot object to a cooler object — you could use an example the way that the heat from a hot cup of tea warms up your hands on a cold winter day.
Reading physical books
24 . After all, it’s just your eyes scanning the pages, right?
Not quite.
It turns out that we remember things better when we read them in a more physical form. Psychologists say that when you’re reading a book, you’re also holding it, feeling the weight of it in your hands. As you read through the text, the pages move from your right hand to your left. 25 .
A．Writing expressive essays
B．Storing more information at a faster speed
C．One group walked around an urban environment
D．Long-term relationships have several memory benefits
E．We usually think of reading as a totally visual exercise
F．The more you relate your learning to the old knowledge, the better
G．Their research suggests that such movement or weight can help you memorize
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个提高记忆效率的好方法。
21．【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“University of Michigan psychologists asked two groups of experiment participants to go for walks.（密歇根大学的心理学家要求两组实验参与者去散步。）”和后文“The other group wandered around a forest.（另一组在森林里游荡。）”可知，此处介绍散步的实验研究，空处需承上启下，应该会说明第一组的散步情况。C项“One group walked around an urban environment（一个实验组在城市环境中散步）”符合语境，其中的“One group”和后文的“The other group”呼应。故选C。
22．【答案】A
【解析】空处作本段落的小标题，需统领段落内容。根据后文“For 30 years, psychologists have been studying “expressive writing” — writing about difficult experiences for at least 15 minutes each day. Expressive writing lets people disclose thoughts they otherwise spend mental energy trying to avoid, allowing more energy to be spent on memory.（30年来，心理学家一直在研究“表达性写作”——每天至少花15分钟写下困难的经历。表达性写作可以让人们表达出他们原本花费精力试图避免的想法，从而让更多的精力花在记忆上。）”可知，本段围绕表达性的文章展开，空处会涉及这一话题。A项“Writing expressive essays（写有表达性的文章）”符合语境，可统领段落内容。故选A。
23．【答案】F
【解析】根据本段标题“Building meaningful links（建立有意义的联系）”和前文“Connecting what you just learned with what you already know will strengthen your memory.（把你刚学到的和你已经知道的联系起来会加强你的记忆力。）”可知，本段建议建立新与旧的联系，空处应该会承接前文，继续指出这样做的好处。F项“The more you relate your learning to the old knowledge, the better（在新旧知识之间建立的联系越多，就越有利）”符合语境，其中的“the old knowledge”和前文的“what you already know”呼应。故选F。
24．【答案】E
【解析】根据后文“After all, it’s just your eyes scanning the pages, right?（毕竟，这只是你的眼睛在浏览页面，对吧？）”和“Not quite.（不完全是。）”可知，此处在讨论阅读实体书，空处位于段首，应该会谈到阅读的视觉方面，以引起后文的内容。E项“We usually think of reading as a totally visual exercise（我们通常认为阅读完全是一种视觉练习）”符合语境，其中的“a totally visual exercise”和后文的“just your eyes scanning the pages”呼应。故选E。
25．【答案】G
【解析】根据前文“Psychologists say that when you’re reading a book, you’re also holding it, feeling the weight of it in your hands. As you read through the text, the pages move from your right hand to your left.（心理学家说，当你阅读一本书时，你也在拿着它，感觉它在你手中的重量。当你通读文章时，书页会从你的右手移到你的左手。）”可知，此处讨论阅读实体书的实验，空处位于段尾，应该会陈述该实验的结果。G项“Their research suggests that such movement or weight can help you memorize（他们的研究表明，这样的动作或重量可以帮助你记忆）”符合语境。故选G。
Passage 6
（2023春·湖南常德·高三常德市一中校考阶段练习）The benefits of walking are many, but deciding how many miles to cover and how much time to spend walking each day is another matter.
Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3,000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles. 26 But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises most adults to aim for 10,000 steps a day or about 5 miles. And the recommendation contributes to more positive health outcomes.
27 You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. “As a walker, you should aim for at least 30 minutes per day, or a total of 150 minutes per week,” says Austin, a licensed psychotherapist. What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. 28
It may also be helpful to health to make walking a part of one’s daily routine. People can take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the other end of the lot and walk a further distance to a store’s entrance when shopping. 29 Then walk the rest of the way home. All these additional steps can be acquired creatively, beyond fixed walking time.
On top of such physical benefits, walking has been shown to improve sleep and mental health including mood and self-esteem. 30 Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. If one is ready to improve overall levels of fitness, walking ticks all the right boxes.
A．Combine walking with everyday routine.
B．They will provide the same health benefits.
C．What if counting results by miles isn’t your thing?
D．Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early?
E．Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial.
F．That amount alone has been shown to lower one’s death risk.
G．Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training.
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日常生活中步行的好处。
26．【答案】F
【解析】根据前句“Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3,000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles. (研究表明，美国人平均每天要走3000到4000步，做一些日常的事情——大约1.5到2英里。)”可知，这里继续介绍每天走3000到4000步的好处——可以降低死亡风险。所以选择项F“That amount alone has been shown to lower one’s death risk.(仅这个量就已被证明可以降低死亡风险。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
27．【答案】B
【解析】根据后句“You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. (你可以用时间来衡量你的努力。)”可知，如果不喜欢用多少英里计算步行，也可以用时间来衡量。所以选择项C“What if counting results by miles isn’t your thing? (如果按英里数计算结果不是你的菜呢?)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
28．【答案】B
【解析】根据前句“What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. (更重要的是，如果30分钟的步行对你来说一次完成是不现实的，那么把它分成三个10分钟的小时间段。)”可知，不管是连续步行30分钟还是分成三个10分钟完成都能达到同样的健康好处。所以选择项B“They will provide the same health benefits. (它们将提供同样的健康益处。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
29．【答案】D
【解析】根据后句“Then walk the rest of the way home. (然后走剩下的路回家。)”可知，这里介绍日常生活中坐公共汽车可以提前一站下车，走着回家，达到步行锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? (不过，为什么不早一站下公共交通工具呢?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
30．【答案】G
【解析】根据后句“Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. (因此，它是免费的，并为大多数人所接受。)”可知，前后句是因果关系，说明步行免费的原因——不需要特殊的设备，也不需要会员资格。所以选择项G“Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. (步行不需要特殊的设备，健身房会员资格或训练。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
Passage 7
（2023春·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）For many of us, work diaries are practical things. We use them to make notes of appointments or meetings, writing words next to dates to remind us of what we need to do later. But journaling is also about feelings. It’s a personal diary, often kept far from prying eyes, sometimes containing our secrets and desires. 31
It can be difficult to say exactly what we’re feeling due to anxiety or frustration. For some of us, putting pen to paper and taking down our thoughts is much easier than saying them. 32 It can also be relieving to make sense of something which is stressing us out, annoying us or getting us down.
Writing about what is on our minds can help us to be more mindful. It is also good for mental health overall. 33 Maybe our thoughts could be best represented by a drawing.
Another thing to consider is that our memories fade over time. 34 Logging what’s happening in our lives currently could help bring back memories when we read our diary entries again years from now, or could act as an insight into our past-selves. We can see our progress, or be reminded of exciting times in our lives. The person who was once annoying may have become a close friend, or something that was once scary may now seem funny.
35 If something exciting happens, writing about it may help us to remember that wonderful time!
A．And journaling isn’t just limited to words.
B．Journaling is not a record of only happy moments.
C．But what are the benefits of writing down our feelings?
D．It’s about allowing ourselves to learn from our mistakes.
E．So, when something is on our minds, we should put it down on paper.
F．What is clear on our minds today may be forgotten a few years down the line.
G．Not just that, but writing things down can help us understand our ideas, emotions and feelings.
【篇章导读】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了写日记带来的种种好处。
31．【答案】C
【解析】根据第二段最后一句“It can also be relieving to make sense of something which is stressing us out, annoying us or getting us down. (理解一些让我们感到压力、烦恼或沮丧的事情也会让我们放松)”以及第三段“Writing about what is on our minds can help us to be more mindful. (写下我们心中的想法可以帮助我们更加专注)”可知本文主要介绍了写日记带来的好处，空格处是本文主旨句，因此C项“但是写下我们的感受有什么好处？”使用问句的方式引出本文主旨，故选C。
32．【答案】G
【解析】下一句“It can also be relieving to make sense of something which is stressing us out, annoying us or getting us down. (理解一些让我们感到压力、烦恼或沮丧的事情也会让我们放松)”说明把压力烦恼写下来的好处，因此G项“不仅如此，把事情写下来可以帮助我们理解自己的想法、情绪和感受”符合语境，故选G。
33．【答案】A
【解析】下文“Maybe our thoughts could be best represented by a drawing. (也许我们的想法最好用一幅画来表达)”说明表达自己的方法不止一种，因此A项“写日记不仅仅限于文字”符合语境，故选A。
34．【答案】F
【解析】上文“ Another thing to consider is that our memories fade over time. (另一件需要考虑的事情是，我们的记忆会随着时间的推移而褪色)”说明我们的记忆会衰退，空格处是具体解释和事例，因此F项“我们今天头脑中清晰的东西可能会在几年后被遗忘”符合语境，故选F。
35．【答案】E
【解析】下文“If something exciting happens, writing about it may help us to remember that wonderful time! (如果发生了令人兴奋的事情，写下它可能会帮助我们记住那段美好的时光！)”说明本段是对全文的总结， 进一步强调了写日记的好处，因此E项“所以，当我们有什么心事时，我们应该把它写在纸上”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 8
（2023春·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末）There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 36
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 37 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 38 The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.
39 The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 40 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.
A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein.
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish.
C．Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low.
D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”.
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.
F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife.
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
【篇章导读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了由于过度捕捞浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。
36．【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.”（人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水区）推知，选项承接上文说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降”切题。故选G项。
37．【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”（对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%）可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称为它们为“极度濒危”物种。故D选项“这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”。故选D项。
38．【答案】C
【解析】根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”（深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年）根据下文“The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.”（这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代）可知，选项承接上下文说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低”切题。故选C项。
39．【答案】E
【解析】根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.”（深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样）可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”故选E项。
40．【答案】A
【解析】根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”（数百万人以渔业为生）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题。故选A项。
2021-2023年新高考II卷七选五 真题透析+变式训练
第一部分
命题分析+秒选技能
第二部分
二年真题评析(真题呈现+全解全析+阅读高频词+长难句回顾)
第三部分
真题变式练
命题分析
阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间，段落之间的关系，对连贯性，一致性等语段特征有较强大的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，七选五题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。
近三年课标卷七选五多选用说明文体,主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会、人与自然;设题位置以段中为主,兼顾段首和段末,重点考查细节句,其次为过渡句和主题句。
秒杀技能
（1）从意思上判断
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，正确理解了这些句子后，根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或者线索词从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。
（2）从词汇上锁定线索
做保持对一些线索词的敏感是非常重要的，要好好关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。
（3）从关联词作为切入点
通常，英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，让文章的思路与更清楚、逻辑更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立;而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。以下四类为常用的关联词，请大家一定要背熟：
①并列与递进：and, or, also，neither… nor…, either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same „as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more
②因果：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course
③转折让步：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
④时间顺序：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。
二年真题评析
真题呈现
（2023年全国新高考Ⅱ卷）
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 37
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
· 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A．Get out of your comfort zone.
B．Make career plans and set goals.
C．Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E．You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G．You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
全解全析
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
36．【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
37．【答案】G
【解析】分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
38．【答案】A
【解析】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
39．【答案】D
【解析】分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
40．【答案】E
【解析】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
阅读高频词
1. Follower n粉丝，关注者；
2. study n. [熟词生义](绘画的)试画，习作；
3. complex adj. 复杂的；
4. work n. [熟词生义]作品：
5. life n. [熟词生义](绘画的)模特，实物；
6. post v.[名词动化]发布；
7. constructive adj. [学术词][熟词生义]积极的；
8. crucial adj.[学术词]至关重要的，关键性的；
9. harvest v.[名词动化]收获；
10. hit v.[熟词生义]遇到(困难)，经历(不愉快的事情)；
11. discouraged adj.灰心的，丧气的
12. evaluate v.[学术词]评估，评价；
长难句回顾
1.I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner.
【句意】不过，我确实记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。主句中do remember 是助动词do 强调谓语动词remember的强调句， what it was like… 是 what 引导的remember的宾语从句。
2. You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
【句意】你会想回顾你的旅程，看看你已经走了多远。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。to see…是动词不定式作目的状语从句，how far…是how far引导的从句作see的宾语。
3. Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.
【句意】寻求并接受建设性的反馈对成长至关重要。我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上，反过来，我也遇到了一些最善良的人。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。 Seeking and accepting…是现在分词短语作状语。
（2022年全国新高考Ⅱ卷）
真题呈现
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【篇章解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
16. 【答案】D
【解析】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
17. 【答案】B
【解析】空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
18. 【答案】E
【解析】空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
19. 【答案】F
【解析】空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
20. 【答案】G
【解析】空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
阅读高频词
1. process n.步骤，程序；过程，进程；制作方法；v.处理，加工；
高考链接 （2021全国乙卷 阅读理解）Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
【译文】事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，但联合办公区或咖啡店虽然有一定程度的噪音，同时也不会受到干扰。
2. essay n.散文；短文
3. loose adj.松散的，松的
4 even though 即使；尽管
5. revision 修改；复习
6. technique 技术；技艺；工艺
高考链接 （2020新课标I卷阅读理解）“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique,”she says.
【译文】她说，“事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人可能应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，学习正确的技术。”
7. draft v./n.起草，拟定方案
8. exploration n. 探险；调查；勘探，探测
9. simple adj. 简单的
长难句回顾
1. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
【句意】然而，如果你学习练习这三种简单的技能，过程将会更容易。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。从属连词if引导条件状语从句。
2. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
【句意】尽管这种技术不是对每个人都有效，但它帮助许多人获得很多好的创意。
【解析】even though引导让步状语从句，work表示“起作用，奏效”，主句it helps many people…。
3. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.
【句意】在你修改了你的草稿之后，直到它太混乱而不能够再工作时，你就可以把你的更改输入到你的文字处理器中。
【解析】本句是主从复合句。连词after引导时间状语从句，until引导时间状语从句，从句中too…to…表示“太…而不能够…”。
真题变式练
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Passage 1
（2023春·江苏·高三校联考阶段练习）Working from home has its advantages, but a sense of community is not one of them. 1 Research finds that people with friends at work are more satisfied with and perform better at their jobs. So what does it take to make friends at work? Here are some tips:
Schedule an informal meeting just to chat.
2 One study found that while people feel closer the more time they spend together, this wasn’t true at work. In fact, the more time people spent together at work, the less close they felt. This is likely because when we only focus on work, we don’t reveal anything about ourselves. If you want to make friends at work, stop talking about work.
Make informal meetings consistent.
Friendship is not built from one interaction; it grows gradually. 3 Scheduling an informal chat is great, but this chat needs to be repeated for a friendship to develop. The best way to do this is to put a standing meeting on your calendar, perhaps once a week or once a month, depending on preference.
Share more of yourself.
Now that you have stopped talking about work, start sharing stories. Study shows that people like people who disclose details about themselves and when people answer a series of intimate questions, they feel closer afterward. 4 Some good options are: What do you do for fun? What were you like in high school? etc.
5
We often think likable people are funny or smart or charismatic, but the secret to being likable is actually to like people. People like people who they think like them. Co-workers will be more likely to want to be your friend if you show them you like them by doing things like greeting them warmly and celebrating their success.
A．Express praise.
B．Get intentional with team building.
C．We unconsciously like those we are more exposed to.
D．Use interesting questions to get to know your co-workers.
E．It pays to build a network of co-workers who see your value.
F．You can’t build a friendship if you only ever talk about work.
G．Still, feeling connected at work is necessary for our success in our jobs and lives.
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在工作中交朋友。
1．【答案】G
【解析】根据下文“Research finds that people with friends at work are more satisfied with and perform better at their jobs. (研究发现，工作中有朋友的人对自己的工作更满意，表现也更好。)”可知，在工作中能交到朋友有助于提高我们的工作表现，G项意为“尽管如此，在工作中感受到联系对于我们在工作和生活中取得成功是必要的。”选项能够引起下文，在工作中感受到联系对于我们的工作有益，而在工作中交到朋友能让我们在工作中感受到联系。故选G。
2．【答案】F
【解析】F根据下文“This is likely because when we only focus on work, we don’t reveal anything about ourselves. If you want to make friends at work, stop talking about work. (这可能是因为当我们只专注于工作时，我们不会透露任何关于自己的信息。如果你想在工作中交朋友，就别再谈论工作了。)”可知，如果你想在工作中交朋友，就不要只是谈论工作，F项意为“如果你只谈论工作，你就无法建立友谊。”选项能够引起下文，下文解释了“如果你只谈论工作，你就无法建立友谊”的原因。故选F。
3．【答案】C
【解析】C根据上文“Friendship is not built from one interaction; it grows gradually. (友谊不是从一次互动中建立起来的；它逐渐形成。)”可知，友谊是从不断的接触中形成的，C项意为“我们无意识地喜欢那些我们更容易接触的人。”选项能够承接上文，友谊是从不断的接触中形成的，因为我们总是无意识地喜欢那些我们更容易接触的人。故选C。
4．【答案】D
【解析】D根据下文“Some good options are: What do you do for fun? What were you like in high school? etc. (一些好的选择是：你做什么取乐？你高中时是什么样的？等)”可知，下文介绍了为了了解你的同事，你可以问什么问题，D项意为“利用有趣的问题来了解你的同事。”选项能够引起下文，下文正是对“interesting questions”的举例。故选D。
5．【答案】A
【解析】A根据下文“People like people who they think like them. Co-workers will be more likely to want to be your friend if you show them you like them by doing things like greeting them warmly and celebrating their success. (人们喜欢他们认为喜欢自己的人。如果你通过热情地问候同事和庆祝他们的成功等方式向他们表明你喜欢他们，那么同事更有可能成为你的朋友。)”可知，如果你经常表扬同事，表明你喜欢他们，那么同事更有可能成为你的朋友，A项意为“表达赞扬。”选项能概括段落主要内容，下文介绍了我们为什么要表达赞扬及要如何表达赞扬。故选A。
Passage 2
（2023春·河北石家庄·高三校联考阶段练习）When someone hurts you, it can feel good to hang onto the anger and resentment (愤恨) that may bubble up after their actions. However, forgiving others can actually benefit you both mentally and physically. 6 Forgiving yourself for hurting someone else is another tough task. With a little bit of patience, you can learn to forgive yourself or others.
Forgiving is a willingness to move on from an injustice you went through. 7 While you can consciously decide to forgive someone, it may take some time to process your emotions and actually come to terms with your situation.
8 You yourself value relationship with him or her, and believe that forgiving is worth it. Forgiveness is a decision that should be made thoughtfully, especially if someone did something seriously wrong. Take time to think through your feelings and your reasoning, to better understand the situation.
Avoid giving someone too many chances. 9 But if they are repeatedly and knowingly hurting you, or if they have done something extremely terrible, then you should consider protecting yourself. If someone has shown that they will mistreat you again and again, or that they are willing to do you serious harm, then you need to protect your own well-being.
Take the time to process your emotions. Sometimes, it takes a while to untangle (排解) all your feelings and figure out what to do. That’s okay. Give yourself time and space to process. Helpful processing tools include: Write in a journal about it. Talk to a mentor or trusted person about the situation. 10
A．Think of some reasons for forgiving yourself.
B．Consider why you want to forgive this person.
C．You may choose to forgive someone once, twice, or three times.
D．Giving too many chances to people who hurt you is not a wise idea.
E．Spend some time focusing on something else, and come back later.
F．It can also help you move on from thinking about what the other person did.
G．Forgiving someone is a tough decision to make, and it doesn’t happen instantly.
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了原谅别人对身心都有好处，以及原谅别人的方法。
6．【答案】F
【解析】第一段的第二句“However, forgiving others can actually benefit you both mentally and physically.(然而，原谅别人确实能够对你的身心都有好处)”说明原谅别人的益处，因此F项“It can also help you move on from thinking about what the other person did.(它也能够帮助你从考虑别人的所作所为的愁绪里面走出来)”也是原谅别人的好处，also表明和上文的并列关系，符合语境，故选F。
7．【答案】G
【解析】下文“While you can consciously decide to forgive someone, it may take some time to process your emotions and actually come to terms with your situation. (虽然你可以有意识地决定原谅某人，但可能需要一些时间来处理你的情绪，并真正接受你的处境)”说明决定原谅某人是需要一段时间段，因此G项“Forgiving someone is a tough decision to make, and it doesn’t happen instantly. (原谅一个人是一个很难做出的决定，而且不会马上发生)”符合语境，选项中的“doesn’t happen instantly”与下文“take some time”相互对照，，故选G。
8．【答案】B
【解析】下文“Take time to think through your feelings and your reasoning, to better understand the situation. (花点时间仔细思考你的感受和理由，以更好地理解情况)”说明本段主要在谈你之所以要原谅他或她的原因，因此B项“Consider why you want to forgive this person.(考虑一下你为什么要原谅这个人)”概括段意，故选B。
9．【答案】C
【解析】上文“Avoid giving someone too many chances.(避免给某人过多的机会)”说明不能多次原谅一个人；因此C项“You may choose to forgive someone once, twice, or three times(你可能选择原谅某人一次、两次或者三次)”符合语境，且与下文“But if they are repeatedly and knowingly hurting you, or if they have done something extremely terrible, then you should consider protecting yourself. (但是，如果他们一再故意伤害你，或者他们做了非常可怕的事情，那么你应该考虑保护自己)”构成明显的转折关系。故选C。
10．【答案】E
【解析】上文“Helpful processing tools include: Write in a journal about it. Talk to a mentor or trusted person about the situation. (有帮助的处理方法包括：写日记，和导师或信任的人谈谈这种情况) ”说明有效的处理方法，空处位于段末应承接上文。因此E项“Spend some time focusing on something else, and come back later.(花一些时间关注其他的事情，以后再回来)”符合语境，是有效的方法之一。故选E。
Passage 3
（2023春·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中）Hilde’s father was a reporter. He often took her to work with him, and she developed a strong interest in news stories and reporting. 11 She did the writing, her sister Izzy took pictures, and her father helped her organize and print the newspaper. Hilde wanted to cover big stories in her town. Following the rules her father had taught her, she researched and reported stories in her monthly newspaper.
The newspaper suddenly became famous when a murder happened in the town, and Hilde was the first person to report it. Soon, news organizations around the country were doing stories on Hilde.
12 Some people criticized her parents for allowing her to report on something as unpleasant as a murder.
Others criticized Hilde for “pretending to be a reporter’’. Some people even suggested she should be playing with dolls. 13 She responded with a YouTube video.“I never began my newspaper so that people would think I was cute,” she said.“I want to be taken seriously.’’
That wasn’t the last time Hilde had trouble getting people to take her seriously. Sometimes, it was because of her age. Other times, it was because she was a girl. 14 Hilde continued reporting and her activities as a reporter have made her famous.
Now Hilde has published a book telling her own story and the challenges she has faced. Some of those challenges came from Hilde herself, struggling to figure out who she was as she grew older. 15 But she is still just 15, and has plenty of time to decide what she wants to do with her life. Her efforts have already inspired people around the world.
A．But she never let that stop her.
B．Hilde was upset by the complaints.
C．For now, Hilde says she has given up reporting.
D．When she was 8, Hilde started her own newspaper.
E．Her great success in reporting has changed her life.
F．Not everyone was happy about Hilde’s efforts, though.
G．She was clearly in a dilemma about how to solve the crisis.
【篇章导读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了8岁的女孩Hilde创办自己的报纸遇到的种种非议，赞扬了Hilde不怕挑战，迎难而上的品质。
11．【答案】D 【解析】上文“He often took her to work with him, and she developed a strong interest in news stories and reporting.”（他经常带她一起去工作，她对新闻故事及报道产生了强烈的兴趣。）说明了Hilde开始对报纸行业产生兴趣，结合下文“She did the writing, her sister Izzy took pictures, and her father helped her organize and print the newspaper.”（她负责撰稿，她的妹妹Izzy负责拍照，她父亲帮她排版和打印报纸。）可知，Hilde开始自己制作报纸，D项“When she was 8, Hilde started her own newspaper.”（当她八岁时，Hilde开办了自己的报纸。）衔接上下文恰当。故选D项。
12．【答案】F
【解析】上文“Soon, news organizations around the country were doing stories on Hilde.”（很快，全国各地的新闻机构都在报道Hilde。）可知，Hilde有了名声，结合下文“Some people criticized her parents for allowing her to report on something as unpleasant as a murder.”（有些人批评她的父母允许她报道一些像谋杀这样令人不快的事情。）可知，并不是所有人都欣赏Hilde的报道行为，F项“Not everyone was happy about Hilde’s efforts, though.”（但是，并不是每个人都欣赏Hilde做出的努力。）衔接上下文恰当。故选F项。
13．【答案】B
【解析】上文“Others criticized Hilde for “pretending to be a reporter’’. Some people even suggested she should be playing with dolls.”（有些人批评她说她假装记者。还有一些人甚至建议她应该玩洋娃娃。）描述了人们对Hilde各种各样的批评，空处应该承接上文，指出Hilde对此做出的反应，B项“Hilde was upset by the complaints.”（Hilde对这些抱怨感到不安。）中“complaints”照应上文提到的各种批评，衔接恰当。故选B项。
14．【答案】A
【解析】上文“Sometimes, it was because of her age. Other times, it was because she was a girl.”（有时候，是因为她的年龄，有时候是因为她的性别。）说明了人们批评Hilde的其他原因，结合下文“Hilde continued reporting and her activities as a reporter have made her famous.”（Hilde继续她的报道，她作为记者的行为使她非常出名。）可知，Hilde并没有因为批评而停止报道。A项“But she never let that stop her”（但她从未因此而停止。）衔接恰当。故选A项。
15．【答案】C
【解析】下文“But she is still just 15, and has plenty of time to decide what she wants to do with her life.”（但是她才15岁，有大量的时间去决定她想从事的工作。）可知，前句与其构成转折，C项“For now, Hilde says she has given up reporting.”（现在，Hilde说她已经不再报道新闻了。）说明她现在不再报道新闻了，衔接后文“虽然如此，但她年龄还小，有大量的时间去决定日后从事的工作”符合句意。故选C项。
Passage 4
（2023春·山东潍坊·高三统考阶段练习）Have you ever wondered why most people prefer to book accommodations that have a great view from the balcony? Frank Lloyd Wright says, “Study Nature, love Nature, stay close to Nature. 16 .”
It’s no secret that closing to nature is good for creative minds. Scientists agree that being in nature restores exhausted attention circuits, which can then help us be more open to creativity and problem-solving. 17 : As part of her daily writing routine, bestseller author JK. Rowling would take a morning walk to small streams nearby before eventually returning to work. I would argue that this habit isn’t just a habit but an intentional, necessary element of her creative process. Actually, unique ideas come from the contact with nature.
Forest bathing is a common form of relaxation and medicine in Japan. It was developed in 1982, and recent studies demonstrate that being in the forest and walking among the trees lower your stress levels. The effects are so powerful that forest bathing is now a government-supported policy in Japan. 18 . Just a walk in the woods on a sunny morning also improves your wellbeing.
19 ! In a series of experiments published in 2021, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, studied the potential impact of nature on the willingness to be generous, trusting, and helpful toward others. After being exposed to the more beautiful nature scenes, participants acted more generously and more trusting in the games than those who saw less beautiful scenes, and the effects appeared to be due to corresponding increases in positive emotion.
A walk in nature walks the soul back home. 20 ? Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle.
A．It will never fail you
B．A famous-person example
C．We can find the answer easily
D．What’s a good chance to get to nature
E．So why not engage more closely with nature
F．Interestingly, nature may help you to be kind
G．But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits
【篇章导读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了走进自然对人的好处，以及呼吁大家更亲近自然。
16．【答案】A
【解析】根据前文“Study Nature, love Nature, stay close to Nature.(研究自然，热爱自然，亲近自然)”可知，此处是引用名人的话，所以空处应是对前文下结论，所以A项“It will never fail you(它永远不会让你失望)”符合文意，其中it代指前文提到的Nature。故选A项。
17．【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“Scientists agree that being in nature restores exhausted attention circuits, which can then help us be more open to creativity and problem-solving.(科学家们一致认为，在大自然中可以恢复耗尽的注意力回路，从而帮助我们更有创造力和解决问题的能力)”以及后文“As part of her daily writing routine, bestseller author JK. Rowling would take a morning walk to small streams nearby before eventually returning to work.(作为她日常写作的一部分，畅销书作家JK。罗琳早上会在附近的小溪边散步，然后再回去工作)”可知，空前是本段的结论，空后是通过举例来证明，所以空处应是B项“A famous-person example(一个名人的例子)”符合文意。故选B项。
18．【答案】G
【解析】根据前文“The effects are so powerful that forest bathing is now a government-supported policy in Japan.(森林浴的效果如此之强，以至于日本政府现在支持森林浴的政策)”以及后文“Just a walk in the woods on a sunny morning also improves your wellbeing.(在阳光明媚的早晨在树林里散步也能改善你的健康)”可知，本段在讲述森林浴的好处，但结尾时只说在树林里散步也能改善你的健康，所以中间有转折，故G项“But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits(但你不必住在森林附近才能获得心理上的好处)”符合文意，能承上启下。故选G项。
19．【答案】F
【解析】分析设空，空处位于段首，应是本段的中心句，根据后文“In a series of experiments published in 2021, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, studied the potential impact of nature on the willingness to be generous, trusting, and helpful toward others. After being exposed to the more beautiful nature scenes, participants acted more generously and more trusting in the games than those who saw less beautiful scenes, and the effects appeared to be due to corresponding increases in positive emotion.(在2021年发表的一系列实验中，加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员研究了大自然对慷慨、信任和帮助他人的意愿的潜在影响。在看到更美丽的自然场景后，参与者比那些看到不那么美丽的场景的人表现得更慷慨，更信任游戏，这种效果似乎是由于积极情绪的相应增加)”可知，本段主要讲述了自然会使人表现得更慷慨，更加友好。所以F项“Interestingly, nature may help you to be kind(有趣的是，大自然可能会帮助你变得善良)”符合文意。故选F项。
20．【答案】E 【解析】根据前文“A walk in nature walks the soul back home.(在大自然中漫步，灵魂回到了家)”以及后文“Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle.(关掉手机，给自己一个融入世界的机会，去倾听对话和自然的声音，去注意人们移动的方式，去注意阳光反射在水坑里的方式)”可知此处是在呼吁大家走进自然中去，所以E项“So why not engage more closely with nature(那么，为什么不更亲近自然呢)”符合本段主题，且起到过渡作用。故选E项。
Passage 5
（2023春·湖北·高三校联考阶段练习）Psychologists have found the following strategies will effectively improve your memory.
Walking through the woods
A walk in the forest will put you at ease and improve your memory. University of Michigan psychologists asked two groups of experiment participants to go for walks. 21 . The other group wandered around a forest. Then they were given a memory test. The ones who wandered among the trees performed 20% better on the test.
22
For 30 years, psychologists have been studying “expressive writing” — writing about difficult experiences for at least 15 minutes each day. Expressive writing lets people disclose thoughts they otherwise spend mental energy trying to avoid, allowing more energy to be spent on memory.
Building meaningful links
Connecting what you just learned with what you already know will strengthen your memory. 23 . For example, you’re learning about heat transference (传导). Instead of memorizing the abstract concept — heat moves from a hot object to a cooler object — you could use an example the way that the heat from a hot cup of tea warms up your hands on a cold winter day.
Reading physical books
24 . After all, it’s just your eyes scanning the pages, right?
Not quite.
It turns out that we remember things better when we read them in a more physical form. Psychologists say that when you’re reading a book, you’re also holding it, feeling the weight of it in your hands. As you read through the text, the pages move from your right hand to your left. 25 .
A．Writing expressive essays
B．Storing more information at a faster speed
C．One group walked around an urban environment
D．Long-term relationships have several memory benefits
E．We usually think of reading as a totally visual exercise
F．The more you relate your learning to the old knowledge, the better
G．Their research suggests that such movement or weight can help you memorize
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个提高记忆效率的好方法。
21．【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“University of Michigan psychologists asked two groups of experiment participants to go for walks.（密歇根大学的心理学家要求两组实验参与者去散步。）”和后文“The other group wandered around a forest.（另一组在森林里游荡。）”可知，此处介绍散步的实验研究，空处需承上启下，应该会说明第一组的散步情况。C项“One group walked around an urban environment（一个实验组在城市环境中散步）”符合语境，其中的“One group”和后文的“The other group”呼应。故选C。
22．【答案】A
【解析】空处作本段落的小标题，需统领段落内容。根据后文“For 30 years, psychologists have been studying “expressive writing” — writing about difficult experiences for at least 15 minutes each day. Expressive writing lets people disclose thoughts they otherwise spend mental energy trying to avoid, allowing more energy to be spent on memory.（30年来，心理学家一直在研究“表达性写作”——每天至少花15分钟写下困难的经历。表达性写作可以让人们表达出他们原本花费精力试图避免的想法，从而让更多的精力花在记忆上。）”可知，本段围绕表达性的文章展开，空处会涉及这一话题。A项“Writing expressive essays（写有表达性的文章）”符合语境，可统领段落内容。故选A。
23．【答案】F
【解析】根据本段标题“Building meaningful links（建立有意义的联系）”和前文“Connecting what you just learned with what you already know will strengthen your memory.（把你刚学到的和你已经知道的联系起来会加强你的记忆力。）”可知，本段建议建立新与旧的联系，空处应该会承接前文，继续指出这样做的好处。F项“The more you relate your learning to the old knowledge, the better（在新旧知识之间建立的联系越多，就越有利）”符合语境，其中的“the old knowledge”和前文的“what you already know”呼应。故选F。
24．【答案】E
【解析】根据后文“After all, it’s just your eyes scanning the pages, right?（毕竟，这只是你的眼睛在浏览页面，对吧？）”和“Not quite.（不完全是。）”可知，此处在讨论阅读实体书，空处位于段首，应该会谈到阅读的视觉方面，以引起后文的内容。E项“We usually think of reading as a totally visual exercise（我们通常认为阅读完全是一种视觉练习）”符合语境，其中的“a totally visual exercise”和后文的“just your eyes scanning the pages”呼应。故选E。
25．【答案】G
【解析】根据前文“Psychologists say that when you’re reading a book, you’re also holding it, feeling the weight of it in your hands. As you read through the text, the pages move from your right hand to your left.（心理学家说，当你阅读一本书时，你也在拿着它，感觉它在你手中的重量。当你通读文章时，书页会从你的右手移到你的左手。）”可知，此处讨论阅读实体书的实验，空处位于段尾，应该会陈述该实验的结果。G项“Their research suggests that such movement or weight can help you memorize（他们的研究表明，这样的动作或重量可以帮助你记忆）”符合语境。故选G。
Passage 6
（2023春·湖南常德·高三常德市一中校考阶段练习）The benefits of walking are many, but deciding how many miles to cover and how much time to spend walking each day is another matter.
Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3,000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles. 26 But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises most adults to aim for 10,000 steps a day or about 5 miles. And the recommendation contributes to more positive health outcomes.
27 You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. “As a walker, you should aim for at least 30 minutes per day, or a total of 150 minutes per week,” says Austin, a licensed psychotherapist. What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. 28
It may also be helpful to health to make walking a part of one’s daily routine. People can take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the other end of the lot and walk a further distance to a store’s entrance when shopping. 29 Then walk the rest of the way home. All these additional steps can be acquired creatively, beyond fixed walking time.
On top of such physical benefits, walking has been shown to improve sleep and mental health including mood and self-esteem. 30 Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. If one is ready to improve overall levels of fitness, walking ticks all the right boxes.
A．Combine walking with everyday routine.
B．They will provide the same health benefits.
C．What if counting results by miles isn’t your thing?
D．Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early?
E．Walking sessions should be continuous to be beneficial.
F．That amount alone has been shown to lower one’s death risk.
G．Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training.
【篇章导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日常生活中步行的好处。
26．【答案】F
【解析】根据前句“Studies have shown that the average American takes between 3,000 and 4,000 steps daily doing everyday tings — about 1.5 to 2 miles. (研究表明，美国人平均每天要走3000到4000步，做一些日常的事情——大约1.5到2英里。)”可知，这里继续介绍每天走3000到4000步的好处——可以降低死亡风险。所以选择项F“That amount alone has been shown to lower one’s death risk.(仅这个量就已被证明可以降低死亡风险。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
27．【答案】B
【解析】根据后句“You can measure your efforts in quantities of time instead. (你可以用时间来衡量你的努力。)”可知，如果不喜欢用多少英里计算步行，也可以用时间来衡量。所以选择项C“What if counting results by miles isn’t your thing? (如果按英里数计算结果不是你的菜呢?)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
28．【答案】B
【解析】根据前句“What’s more, if 30 minutes of walking is unrealistic for you to do all at once, then breaking it up into three short, 10-minute sessions. (更重要的是，如果30分钟的步行对你来说一次完成是不现实的，那么把它分成三个10分钟的小时间段。)”可知，不管是连续步行30分钟还是分成三个10分钟完成都能达到同样的健康好处。所以选择项B“They will provide the same health benefits. (它们将提供同样的健康益处。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
29．【答案】D
【解析】根据后句“Then walk the rest of the way home. (然后走剩下的路回家。)”可知，这里介绍日常生活中坐公共汽车可以提前一站下车，走着回家，达到步行锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Still, why not get off public transportation a stop early? (不过，为什么不早一站下公共交通工具呢?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
30．【答案】G
【解析】根据后句“Therefore, it is free and well accepted by the majority of people. (因此，它是免费的，并为大多数人所接受。)”可知，前后句是因果关系，说明步行免费的原因——不需要特殊的设备，也不需要会员资格。所以选择项G“Walking requires no special equipment, gym membership or training. (步行不需要特殊的设备，健身房会员资格或训练。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
Passage 7
（2023春·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）For many of us, work diaries are practical things. We use them to make notes of appointments or meetings, writing words next to dates to remind us of what we need to do later. But journaling is also about feelings. It’s a personal diary, often kept far from prying eyes, sometimes containing our secrets and desires. 31
It can be difficult to say exactly what we’re feeling due to anxiety or frustration. For some of us, putting pen to paper and taking down our thoughts is much easier than saying them. 32 It can also be relieving to make sense of something which is stressing us out, annoying us or getting us down.
Writing about what is on our minds can help us to be more mindful. It is also good for mental health overall. 33 Maybe our thoughts could be best represented by a drawing.
Another thing to consider is that our memories fade over time. 34 Logging what’s happening in our lives currently could help bring back memories when we read our diary entries again years from now, or could act as an insight into our past-selves. We can see our progress, or be reminded of exciting times in our lives. The person who was once annoying may have become a close friend, or something that was once scary may now seem funny.
35 If something exciting happens, writing about it may help us to remember that wonderful time!
A．And journaling isn’t just limited to words.
B．Journaling is not a record of only happy moments.
C．But what are the benefits of writing down our feelings?
D．It’s about allowing ourselves to learn from our mistakes.
E．So, when something is on our minds, we should put it down on paper.
F．What is clear on our minds today may be forgotten a few years down the line.
G．Not just that, but writing things down can help us understand our ideas, emotions and feelings.
【篇章导读】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了写日记带来的种种好处。
31．【答案】C
【解析】根据第二段最后一句“It can also be relieving to make sense of something which is stressing us out, annoying us or getting us down. (理解一些让我们感到压力、烦恼或沮丧的事情也会让我们放松)”以及第三段“Writing about what is on our minds can help us to be more mindful. (写下我们心中的想法可以帮助我们更加专注)”可知本文主要介绍了写日记带来的好处，空格处是本文主旨句，因此C项“但是写下我们的感受有什么好处？”使用问句的方式引出本文主旨，故选C。
32．【答案】G
【解析】下一句“It can also be relieving to make sense of something which is stressing us out, annoying us or getting us down. (理解一些让我们感到压力、烦恼或沮丧的事情也会让我们放松)”说明把压力烦恼写下来的好处，因此G项“不仅如此，把事情写下来可以帮助我们理解自己的想法、情绪和感受”符合语境，故选G。
33．【答案】A
【解析】下文“Maybe our thoughts could be best represented by a drawing. (也许我们的想法最好用一幅画来表达)”说明表达自己的方法不止一种，因此A项“写日记不仅仅限于文字”符合语境，故选A。
34．【答案】F
【解析】上文“ Another thing to consider is that our memories fade over time. (另一件需要考虑的事情是，我们的记忆会随着时间的推移而褪色)”说明我们的记忆会衰退，空格处是具体解释和事例，因此F项“我们今天头脑中清晰的东西可能会在几年后被遗忘”符合语境，故选F。
35．【答案】E
【解析】下文“If something exciting happens, writing about it may help us to remember that wonderful time! (如果发生了令人兴奋的事情，写下它可能会帮助我们记住那段美好的时光！)”说明本段是对全文的总结， 进一步强调了写日记的好处，因此E项“所以，当我们有什么心事时，我们应该把它写在纸上”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 8
（2023春·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末）There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 36
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 37 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 38 The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.
39 The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 40 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.
A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein.
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish.
C．Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low.
D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”.
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.
F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife.
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
【篇章导读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了由于过度捕捞浅水鱼类的数量已经严重下降，以及由此导致的后果。
36．【答案】G
【解析】根据上文“People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic.”（人们仍然想吃鱼，因此渔业必须寻找其他来源，特别是大西洋的深水区）推知，选项承接上文说明以上做法导致的不良影响。故G选项“这导致许多被捕获物种的数量急剧下降”切题。故选G项。
37．【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”（对五种这样的物种的研究表明，数量下降了87%到98%）可知，数量下降到了一定程度，我们便称为它们为“极度濒危”物种。故D选项“这使得它们被归为“极度濒危”物种”切题，this指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent.”。故选D项。
38．【答案】C
【解析】根据上文“Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years.”（深海鱼类需要很长时间繁殖，通常可以活很多年）根据下文“The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.”（这些鱼的平均尺寸也在下降，其中一个物种的平均尺寸下降了57%。这一点值得特别关注，因为大鱼往往比小鱼生育更多的后代）可知，选项承接上下文说明深海鱼类的繁殖率非常低。故C选项“不幸的是，它们的繁殖率非常低”切题。故选C项。
39．【答案】E
【解析】根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.”（深海鱼类被捕获，仿佛它们是沙丁鱼和鲱鱼等快速繁殖的鱼类。这就像把大象当作繁殖速度飞快的兔子杀死一样）可知，渔业忽略了一些物种繁殖速度慢的事实。故E选项“渔业没有考虑到这些事实”故选E项。
40．【答案】A
【解析】根据上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry.”（数百万人以渔业为生）可知，选项与上文为并列关系，说明渔业对人的重要作用。故A选项“数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质”切题。故选A项。
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