2023烟台高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

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2022-2023学年度第二学期期末学业水平诊断
高二英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分)(7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman probably. want to know?
A. What the man did yesterday.
B. When the man visited his sister.
C. Where the man watched a movie.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Mother and son B. Fellow passengers. C. Conductor and passenger.
3. How many bags does the woman have?
A:2. B. 3. C. 5.
4. Why does Steven arrive at school late?
A. He didn’t catch the bus.
B. He didn’t wake up on time.
C. No one drove him to school.
5. What does the man think of his current life?
A. Satisfactory. B. Just, so-so. C. Disappointing.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分(22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did Liu Dong start running?
A. At 10. B. At 13. C. At 80.
7. What kind of news does Mary like to read?
A. Sports. B. Education. C. Current events.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. If the ride is 5 kilometers, how much will the woman pay?
A. $14. B. $12. C. $10.
9. What is the woman going to do next?
A. Pick up a person. B. Go sightseeing. C. Go on a business trip.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the man doing?
A. Giving the woman suggestions.
B. Asking for the woman’s assistance.
C. Complaining about Anne’s behavior.
11. What was Dave’s attitude towards Anne according to the man?
A. Impolite. B. Friendly. C. Unconcerned.
12. What will the woman do next?
A. Write a report. B. Talk with Dave. C. Send a form.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What do we know about the man?
A. He’s thinner than before.
B. He’s into sports all the time.
C. He got hurt in the experiment.
14. Who might Robinson be?
A. Nancy’s husband. B. A chemistry teacher. C. The woman’s classmate.
15. How long has Tom been married?
A. 2 years. B. 8 years. C. 10 years.
16. Where does the man live now?
A. In Houston B. In New. York C. In San Antonio.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What makes running a school garden hard according to the speaker?
A. Lacking money. B. Lacking suitable space. C. Lacking parents’ support.
18. What does Susan say about school gardening?
A. It involves various subjects.
B. It helps students calm down.
C. It teaches students to treasure grains.
19. Who owns a non-profit project?
A: Susan Hobart. B. Ron Finley. C. Toby Adams.
20. Why does Finley support school gardening?
A. To make study interesting.
B. To promote a good hobby.
C. To call for respect for the planet.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The 5,000-year-old Stonehenge has been wondered and puzzled (使困惑) at for ages. Here are some most popular day tours to Stonehenge and its nearby landmarks.
The English Bus
Limited to 16 people, the tour departs from London in a minibus and you’ll enjoy live, in-depth commentary from your guide. After Stonehenge, you’ll head to Bath to enjoy lunch and time on your own. Your final stop is a, “secret” scenic spot selected by the guide.
Departure time: 6:30 a. m. daily Duration: 12 hours
Prices: 134 pounds per person, food or Stonehenge tickets not included
Premium Tours
You’ll be among the first visitors to step inside Windsor Castle on this daylong tour. Other highlights include lunch in a 14th-century pub in Lacock, a walking tour of Bath and, finally, the day ends with a visit to Stonehenge.
Departure time: 7:45 a. m. daily Duration: 13 hours
Prices: 129 pounds for adults,119 pounds for kids, lunch and admission tickets included
British Tours
Visit some of England’s most famous landmarks with this daytrip. Among the sites you’ll see with your guide are Windsor Castle, Stonehenge and Bath. Travelers enjoy the tour and appreciate the guides’ sense of humor and wealth of information.
Departure time: on the demands of customers Duration: 12 hours
Prices: 120 pounds for adults, 100 pounds for kids, 400 pounds for groups of four, meal and entrance fee self-funded
International Friends
Travelers approve of this tour for its small group. (up to 16 participants) and knowledgeable guides. You’ll visit Stonehenge, Windsor Castle and the city of Bath, where you’ll have the choice to tour the Roman Baths or wander the ancient city for some sightseeing.
Departure time: varies by season Thursday through Monday Duration: 11 hours
Prices: 154 pounds for adults, 134 pounds for kids, no food supplied
1. What do we know about the English Bus tour?
A. It lasts longer than three other tours. B. It has no size limit.
C. It ends with an unexpected destination. D. It offers free entry to Stonehenge.
2. What’s the minimum price for a couple with twins if they choose British Tours?
A. 400 pounds. B. 440 pounds. C. 320 pounds. D. 220 pounds.
3. What do the tours have in common?
A. They’re guided tours. B. They include Bath as a stop.
C. They charge for lunch. D. They depart for Stonehenge daily.
B
Famous adventurer Caroline Paul noticed females show less bravery than men and tend to shy away from adventure-seeking outdoor activities even before puberty (青春期).
But how come women seem to be much less gutsy than men? Paul found the answer to be in the way they are raised. Parents more likely warn girls than boys about accidents and demand carefulness. When playing outdoors, they tend to discourage daughters from taking risks and assist them, as if they were too delicate to do it by themselves, while they encourage their sons’ initiative, letting them push their boundaries on their own. Fearful girls in plays as kids become less daring women in real life as adults.
Paul was different. Her mother made it a point to raise fearless daughters, supporting her thirst for physical challenges. Paul became one of San Francisco’s first 15 female firefighters and completed many seemingly impossible missions like walking up the. Golden Gate Bridge and climbing Denali, the worst-weathered mountain of Alaska.
Paul thought sharing her adventures and inspiration with young women would help them get better. The result, The. Gutsy Girl: Escapades for Your Life of Epic Adventure, is a book for girls, in which she outlines the attempts, successes, and failures of her adventures.
Parents are warned that most of Paul’s adventures aren’t the kind they’d want their girls to try and she says so herself, over and over warning: safety first. What, however, parents should hope their girls try is to dream big and forget fear.
“The pressure girls face at puberty to be pretty and liked is enormous,” Paul said in the book, stressing that a familiarity with outdoor adventures works as a solution to that and makes for real-life training. Plus, not all of Paul’s adventures end in success, which is great: daring means daring to fail, too — something females are particularly scared of.
Paul’s book will convince any female that she, too, is bound to have a life of heroic adventure — whether it’s in the woods or in the boardroom.
4. What does the underlined word “gutsy” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Energetic. B. Optimistic. C. Flexible. D. Courageous.
5. What’s the root cause of girls growing into fearful women according to Paul?
A. How they are brought up. B. Their innocent nature.
C. How their parents behave. D. Social discrimination against them.
6. Which of the following suggestions may Paul give to girls?
A. Try to stay slim and pretty. B. Sign up for a jungle exploration.
C. Put risk-taking before security. D. Act perfectly to keep failure at bay.
7. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To give tips on how to be ambitious.
B. To recommend a book intended for girls.
C. To assess Paul’s strengths and weaknesses.
D. To present a long-standing cultural phenomenon.
C
On the farm in a red outbuilding behind Luther Jackson Middle School, Mark Smith picked a piece of cabbage off the plant and took a bite.
“Tastes like victory,” he said, satisfied.
Fifteen engineering students at the school, led by Smith, their engineering teacher, have developed and built the farm using aquaponics technology, combining the methods of hydroponics, growing plants with water rather than soil, and aquaculture, the process of growing and raising fish. The fish waste is used as nutrients for the plants, which filter (过滤)the water to be reused in the fish tank.
“The innovative project was put forward by the students,” Smith says. “Effectively combining technology with education, it serves to provide a unique learning experience, involving students in core STEM subjects like Math, Biology, Chemistry and Engineering. It’s our hope that it can help boost students’ interest and hands-on skills so that more students will be inspired and choose to take up engineering as their career in the future.”
Not only can students study fish, plants and bacteria(细菌) interacting in a living ecosystem, but they’re also in charge of every aspect of developing and maintaining the farm, from ordering supplies to harvesting the greens. Camryn, 14, put a test tube into the fish tank and dropped some chemicals to test pH levels and some substances in it. She held the tube up to light, inspecting the color.
Behind her, Yusuf worked along a table with other students to harvest the cabbage, stuffing the leaves into bags to distribute later that afternoon to about 70 families. For him, the ability to give back to his community is the best part of the project.
“We should all be proud of ourselves,” Yusuf said. “We’re making stuff that people are going to be eating.”
8. What’s the technology the students apply to the farm?
A. Robotics and artificial intelligence.
B. Mechanized planting and harvesting.
C. Sustaining good bacteria to grow grain.
D. Integrating fish farming and soilless planting.
9. What does Smith wish to do, through the project?
A. Create more potential engineers. B. Promote students’ survival skills.
C. Enhance the reputation of the school. D. Teach students how to test water quality.
10. What makes Yusuf feel best about the project?
A Praise from his community. B. His mastery of farming techniques.
C. The company of his classmates. D. Their contributions to the neighborhood.
11. Which of the following best describes the school project?
A. Demanding. B. Conventiona C. Student-centered. D. Energy-consuming.
D
A new study in which researchers explore the human capacity for cooperation finds that people rely on each other for help
The study shows that when people signal a need for assistance, their small requests don’t go unanswered. Across cultures, people follow these small requests far more often than they decline them. On the rare occasions when people do decline, they explain why. These human tendencies suggest that, deep down, people from all cultures have many similar cooperative behaviors.
The new findings help solve a puzzle generated by prior research which has emphasized variation in rules and standards governing cooperation. For example, in Kenya, wealthier Orma villagers are expected to pay for public goods such as road projects. Wealthy Gnau villagers of Papua New Guinea, on the other hand, would reject such an offer because it creates an awkward moral duty to return for their poorer neighbors.
“Cultural differences like this have created a puzzle for understanding cooperation and helping among humans,” said Rossi, a chief researcher. “Are our decisions about sharing and helping shaped by the culture we grew up with? Or are humans generous and giving by nature?”
To answer those questions, the researchers analyzed over 40 hours’ video recordings of everyday life involving 350 people in geographically and culturally diverse sites. The analysis focused on the order in which one person sent a signal for help and another person responded. The situations involved “low-cost” decisions about sharing items for everyday use. Such decisions are more frequent than “high-cost” decisions like contributing to a village road’s construction, the types of decisions considered to be significantly influenced by culture.
People followed small requests seven times more often than they declined. They helped without explanation, but when they declined, 74% of the time they gave a specific reason.
“A cross-cultural preference for following small requests is not predicted by prior research on resource-sharing and cooperation, which instead suggests that culture should cause helping behavior to vary in appreciable ways due to local values and adaptations to the natural, technological, and socio-economic environment,” said Rossi. “These factors could in principle make it easier for people to say ‘no’ to small requests, but this is not what we find.”
12. What is included in “These human tendencies” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. To ask for assistance. B. To aid others on request.
C. To return the previous favor. D. To turn down an offer of help.
13. Why does the author mention “Orma villagers” and “Gnau villagers” in paragraph 3?
A. To indieate humans are born generous. B. To evaluate varied interpersonal bonds.
C. To show cultural differences on helping. D. To reveal the origin of non-cooperation.
14. Based on the study, if someone declines a request for help, he’ll probably say “______”.
A. It’s my pleasure.
B. I’d love to, but it depends.
C. I’m afraid not. Wait till others come.
D. Sorry, but I’m to attend an urgent meeting.
15. What do we know about the prior research mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. It involved no environmental factors.
B. It stressed the value of following requests.
C. It failed to prove the universal willingness to help.
D. It produced an outcome consistent with the new study.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
___16___ With our upright posture (姿势) flexible joints, and strong leg muscles, our bodies were literally designed with walking in mind, which is what makes it such perfect exercise. Why not focus on walking with a purpose?
To get started, sit down with a map and make a plan. Ask yourself what you want to get out of walking aside from health benefits. ___17___ See new places? Explore a city? Knowing your priorities helps decide on the type of walk you want.
If making friends and socializing is your goal, call up your friends and schedule walks with them. Go online and look up your local mall (购物中心), which has groups that come daily to “walk the mall” and are always happy to include one more walker. Similarly, at your local park, you might find open groups of dog walkers who conduct diverse group hikes. ___18___ In most cities, such walks are going on almost every weekend in support of cancer research and other humanitarian causes.
If lone walks are what you’re after, ask the local tourist authority about local hikes that get you out of town and into the wilderness or countryside. Thanks to the Rails to Trails program, railways across America are being transformed into scenic walking paths. ___19___
Headed to a new city? Then tie on your walking shoes and prepare to get to know it from the ground up! Many historic cities offer detailed and well-planned walking tours. ___20___ And small towns generally have a scenic route that will carry you past its best shops and cafes.
A. Humans were made for walking:
B. Do you want to meet other people?
C. Some tourist offices even provide free maps.
D. They’re a perfect way to explore new territory.
E. Do you expect to get fit and stay in great shape?
F. But remember to stay on the lookout for charity walks.
G. Science uincovered a link between sociability and wellness.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last week we encountered a minor water crisis at our home. A water pipe (管子) had been leaking ___21___ within a bathroom wall, which my husband and I ___22___ for long. Consequently, we woke up one morning to a pool of water on the bedroom floor. We ___23___ the bedroom sofa that shares the same wall and located the ___24___: Water had spread from a break between the wall and the floor.
I got down to clearing up the ___25___. Initially, I used towels to absorb the water. When seeing the break was not huge, I tried ___26___ back the water with a mop (拖把). But the ___27___ quickly became bigger, making more water constantly well out. This was a sign that something deeper within the wall needed our ___28___.
We acted decisively, ___29___ the main water line, opening up the wall and beginning the chaotic work of ____30____ the broken pipe. Despite quite a bit of wall repair and painting to do, we were ____31____ that it was no longer leaking and our water supply was back on track. Later, we were told by an architect friend that such a small leak can become a ____32____ break and eventually do serious structural damage to our home.
Big problems usually start small. I’ve been reflecting: How many times we don’t bother to ____33____ small issues that demand our attention until they grow into big ones that almost ____34____ our life. With more care and earlier action, we can save ourselves much time and ____35____.
21 A. rapidly B. slightly C. heavily D. widely
22. A. expected B. discussed C. considered D. ignored
23. A. occupied B. changed C. abandoned D. removed
24. A. fault B. resource C. item D. approach
25. A. objects B. doubt C. mess D. memories
26. A. pushing B. drawing C. shipping D. blowing
27. A. floor B. leak C. pipe D. wall
28. A. mention B. service C. attention D. sympathy
29. A. breaking through B. putting aside C. taking apart D. shutting down
30. A. arranging B. preserving C. fixing D. distinguishing
31. A. curious B. anxious C. shocked D. relieved
32 A. sharp B. major C. mental D. temporary
33. A. address B. highlight C. admit D. postpone
34. A. cure B. direct C. ruin D. dominate
35. A. space B. trouble C. argument D. water
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A classic branch of Chinese martial arts (武术) ___36___ (win) popularity overseas over the past decades, and foreign fans are growing from ___37___ (begin) to master.
Jake Lee Pinnick from the US called himself the 16th-generation successor of the Sanfeng school of Wudang martial arts, making it his duty ___38___ (spread) the kungfu and Wudang culture.
Pinnick teaches at a bilingual (双语) martial club at Wudang Mountain, ___39___ UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site and a well-known holy (神圣的) land of Taoism in Hubei Province, after studying there for more than 10 years.
As a teenager, he enjoyed watching Chinese kungfu films performed ___40___ actors such as Jackie Chan. By chance, he saw an internet video of a man named Yuan Shimao performing Wudang Baxian Sticks. He visited Yuan in 2010, after which he learned ___41___ (multiply) forms of kungfu, such as tai chi and qigong.
Now, as an instructor, he has tutored many martial arts enthusiasts from different countries. Every year, over 100,000 foreigners travel at Wudang Mountain, 5,000 of ___42___ learn martial arts.
Liu Jia, who also learned at the mountain, teaches Wudang martial arts for free with his partner Liu Huajin, ___43___ (attract) about 150 students. Chen Yixin, one of Liu’s oldest students, said tai chi ___44___ (true) brings peace of her mind and has taught her the importance of willpower.
The Wudang Martial Arts Association with over 10,000 members already has 10 branches ___45___ (build) in countries like the US, Canada and France.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校交换生Jack发来邮件邀约你暑假去法国旅游。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1．你不能去国外旅游的原因;
2．你的旅游地点建议。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours ever,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With new faces everywhere, the time in Grade 1 was really tough for me. Since I was an Indian girl, nobody wanted to talk to me. Every spare minute was spent alone, and no classmates would group with me for projects.
Feeling lonely and sad, I was in desperate need of close friends, with whom I hoped to share my happiness and sorrow. A girl named Fatin, who was cute, clever and talented, appealed to me deeply. However, she seemed to be avoiding me as well. Being only six years old, I didn’tunderstand why people treated me like that, I opened up to my mother about all this, almost crying my eyes out.
Mom smiled, patting me on the shoulder and comforting me until I calmed down. She looked into my eyes and encouraged me, “Honey, don’t worry. They’re just not familiar with you. Try to bring out the best in you. They’ll befriend you as long as they see your excellence.” At that time, I didn’t believe her, but Mom was right.
One day, my teacher, Miss Bibiena, announced that there was to be a speech competition. My heart pounded wildly. I really enjoyed participating in speech competitions. Actually, I was quite good at them. The only problem was that the whole school would be watching me and I knew none of my audience.
However, I was determined to do it. I gathered all my courage, marched up to the teacher and said, “Miss Bibiena, I want to join in the speech competition.” She stared at me for such a long time that I started to feel uncomfortable, but then I saw a gentle smile spreading over her face. She handed me an application form.
The next day, I arrived at school early to submit my form to the teacher. Taking the form, Miss Bibiena said encouragingly to me, “For a new student, you have lots of courage. Do your best, Sneha!” Rarely did Miss Bibiena praise anyone. On my way to class, I smiled at her remark, which lifted up my spirits that day.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Until the competition day, I practised my speech whenever possible.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As I went off the stage, I heard someone call my name.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________