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天津市河北区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末质量检测试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份天津市河北区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末质量检测试题（Word版附解析），共26页。试卷主要包含了本卷共55小题，共95分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
河北区2022～2023学年度第一学期期末高三年级质量检测
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利!
第Ⅰ卷
注意事项：
1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2.本卷共55小题，共95分。
第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see it better.
A. or B. and C. but D. while
答案是B。
1. If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll probably find a solution that ________ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你从各个方面来看情况，你可能会找到适合每个人的解决方案。分析句子可知，定语从句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语that指代先行词a slolution，是第三人称单数，故定语从句谓语动词为单数形式。故选C项。
2. —Reading is the best way to pass time on the train.
— _______, I never go traveling without a book.
A. You are joking B. That’s true
C. I don’t think so D. It sounds like fun
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——在火车上打发时间最好的方法是看书。——对的，我外出总是带着书。A. You are joking你在开玩笑吧；B. That’s true那是对的；C. I don’t think so我不这样认为；D. It sounds like fun听起来很有趣。根据答语后半句可知，我出门总是带着书，说明我同意第一个人的观点。故选B。
3. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _with students.
A. working B. work
C. to work D. worked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起工作一样快乐。分析句子可知，have fun doing sth.做某事很开心，as I now do working with students补充完整为as I now have fun working with students。故选A。
4. I won’t tell the students the answer to the math problem until they ________ on it for more than an hour.
A. have been working B. had worked
C. will have been working D. will have worked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：直到学生做了一个多小时，我才告诉学生这道数学题的答案。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据“for more than an hour”和语境可知，此处指动作从过去开始延续到现在，强调动作的持续性，应用现在完成进行时。故选A。
5. I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet _______ prepared.
A. attentively B. attractively
C. actively D. adequately
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. attentively 聚精会神地；B. attractively 动人地；C. actively活跃地； D. adequately 充足地。句意：我希望在课上不会被点到因为我还没有准备充分。根据前文 “I hope I will not be called on in class”可知“我”不希望被点到，后文是原因， 将D项带入原文符合语境，意为“我还没有准备充分”，故选D项。
6. I have offered to paint the house ________ a week’s accommodation.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我提出粉刷房子以换取一周的住宿。A. in exchange for作为交换；B. in answer to作为对……的答复；C. in contact with与……保持联系；D. in memory of作为对……的纪念。结合句意可知，此处指用粉刷房子作为住宿一周的交换，in exchange for符合题意。故选A。
7. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals ________ from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.
A. vary B. distribute C. motivate D. facilitate
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：敦煌壁画的题材从宗教故事到日常生活场景都不尽相同。A. vary变化，不同；B. distribute分发；C. motivate激励，鼓励；D. facilitate促进。vary from...to...“不同，在……范围变化”符合句意。故选A。
8. — Excuse me, where is George?
— George ________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——劳驾，请问George在哪儿？——George肯定没有走远。他的咖啡还是热的。A. must have gone肯定离开；B. might have gone可能离开；C. can’t have gone不可能离开；D. needn’t have gone本没有必要离开。结合 His coffee is still warm可知，此处表示对过去情况的否定推测，应用can’t have done。故选C。
9. As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. Which B. that
C. what D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句用法。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。本题主句是一个表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，故用what来引导。在名词性从句中，当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，一般用关系词what来引导。故C正确。
【点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况，定语从句作用相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词或整个句子，同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容的句子。本题中说的那个 “句子中宾语或主语用一个句子来代替就是该种从句”用一个句子来代替宾语或主语，那就属于主语从句或宾语性从句了。 所以做题时仔细分析题干，才能更好地做好题。
10. （2015 • 福建）________more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. To learn D. To be learning
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民间音乐作为选修课。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。故选C
考点：考查考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。
11. It is said that body language ________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
A. lies in B. accounts for
C. consists of D. goes with
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：据说肢体语言占第一印象的百分之55，而你所说的话只占百分之7。A. lies in在于；B. accounts for说明〔解释〕…原因,证明，对...负有责任 ，占有,占...百分比；C. consists of由---组成，构成；D. goes with与……一起。根据“55 per cent of a first impression”可知，accounts for“占...百分比”符合句意。故选B。
12. — The movie starts at 8:30, and we can have a quick bite before we go.
— ________. See you at 8:10.
A. So long B. No wonder C. Good luck D. Sounds great
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——电影8点半开始，我们可以在走之前随便吃点东西。——听起来不错。八点十分见。A. So long再见；B. No wonder难怪；C. Good luck祝你好运；D. Sounds great听起来不错。根据“See you at 8:10.”可知，表示赞同别人的提议，用Sounds great“听起来不错”符合语境。故选D项。
13. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ________ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. for which B. to which C. of which D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：人类的面部表情与动物的不同之处在于它们可以在多大程度上被有意控制。表达“到达某种程度”应用to...degree，先行词是degree，作介词to的宾语，应用which。故选B。
14. If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.
A. while B. before C. after D. since
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句连词。句意：如果你错过了这个机会，你可能需要几年的时间才能得到另一个机会。A. while当；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. since自从。此处为固定句型：it be+一段时间+before...“要过……才……”，before引导时间状语从句。故选B。
15. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ________ statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. available B. original C. explicit D. formal
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的全面调查提供了最详尽的数据收集方式和依据。A. available可用的；B. original原始的；C. explicit详尽的，明确的；D. formal正式的。根据“of how, and on what basis, data are collected.”可知，是提供了详尽的的说明。故选C。
第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A new week began. Marcus entered the school. ____16____, he cried out “What happened to the stadium?” Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!
All students were whispering with ____17____ about the graffiti (涂鸦). Possible explanations spread like wildfire ____18____ the school.
Later, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus ____19____ the paint on his hands. He ____20____ that it was Brian who did it. After school, Marcus followed Brian and ____21____ on what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint! He decided to ____22____ it to Mr. Johnson.
The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr. Johnson ____23____ asked about the graffiti, Brian cried. ____24____, Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the art club because he had to go _____25_____ home after school to baby-sit his little brother. “I’m sorry and I’ll _____26_____ the stadium,” he sobbed.
Though angry at first, Mr. Johnson began to soften as he realized how _____27_____ Brian was. “Brian, painting graffti on school walls is a very _____28_____ matter. Of course you should clean and _____29_____ the wall.” Mr. Johnson paused, “_____30_____ I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you do it alone?” Brian nodded, “Yes. I’m good at painting.”
Mr. Johnson thought for a moment before making a(n) _____31_____. “Well,” he said, “Some teachers suggested that we hire a local _____32_____ to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that?”
“Really?” Brian hesitated, _____33_____ to believe it.
“Yes, but it’s hard work, and we can consider it part of your _____34_____” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his _____35_____ as he picked up the phone.
16. A. Gradually B. Generally C. Usually D. Suddenly
17. A. curiosity B. disappointment C. fear D. relief
18. A. to B. around C. from D. beyond
19. A. wiped B. examined C. scanned D. spotted
20. A. remembered B. suspected C. witnessed D. hoped
21. A. spied B. reflected C. commented D. hit
22. A. make B. report C. describe D. retell
23. A. hesitantly B. patiently C. directly D. sympathetically
24. A. Ashamed B. Surprised C. Excited D. Satisfied
25. A. slowly B. late C. deliberately D. right
26. A. change B. decorate C. clean D. ruin
27. A. fortunate B. miserable C. relaxed D. naughty
28. A. strange B. urgent C. serious D. unusual
29. A. repaint B. hide C. build D. repair
30. A. And B. So C. Or D. But
31. A. promise B. choice C. decision D. appointment
32. A. interpreter B. artist C. designer D. scientist
33. A. unable B. unwilling C. unlikely D. unhappy
34. A. responsibility B. talent C. devotion D. punishment
35. A. regret B. anger C. smile D. pride
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述布莱恩在学校体育馆的墙壁上涂鸦被老师马库斯发现，并通报给了校长约翰逊先生。当约翰逊了解到布莱恩的真实情况后，不但没有惩罚他，还建议他和当地一位艺术家一起在学校墙壁上画学校的吉祥物。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然他喊道：“体育场怎么了？”A. Gradually逐渐；B. Generally通常，普遍；C. Usually通常；D. Suddenly突然。根据上文“Marcus entered the school.”和下文“Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!”可知，马库斯进入学校后看到体育场墙壁上被画上了，因此突然大喊起来。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有学生都好奇地对涂鸦窃窃私语。A. curiosity好奇；B. disappointment失望；C. fear害怕；D. relief减轻，安慰。根据下文“Possible explanations”推知，学生们非常好奇。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：可能的解释像野火一样传遍了学校。A. to到；B. around围绕；C. from来自；D. beyond超于。根据“spread like wildfire”可知，可能的解释传遍的校园，around the school“遍及学校”符合题意。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，当布莱恩擦黑板时，马库斯发现了他手上的油漆。A. wiped擦掉；B. examined检查； C. scanned浏览；D. spotted发现。根据“the paint on his hands”和下文“it was Brian who did it”可知，马库斯发现了布莱恩手上的油漆。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑是布莱恩做的。A. remembered记得；B. suspected怀疑；C. witnessed目睹；D. hoped希望。根据下文“Marcus followed Brian”推知，马库斯怀疑是布莱恩在学校墙上画了画。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学后，马库斯跟踪布莱恩，暗中监视他在做什么。A. spied侦察；暗中监视；B. reflected反射，反思；C. commented评论；D. hit击打。根据“Marcus followed Brian”可知，马库斯小心跟着布莱恩，暗中监视他。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定向约翰逊先生报告此事。A. make制造；B. report报道；C. describe描述；D. retell复述。根据上文“When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint!”可知，马库斯已经确定涂鸦是布莱恩干的，因此决定将此事报告给约翰逊先生。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：约翰逊先生直接问起涂鸦的事时，布赖恩哭了。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. patiently耐心地；C. directly直接地；D. sympathetically怜悯地。根据“Brian cried”推知，约翰逊先生直接问起涂鸦的事情，布莱恩被吓哭了。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布莱恩羞愧地解释说，他喜欢画画，但他不能加入艺术俱乐部，因为他放学后必须径直回家照看他的弟弟。A. Ashamed羞愧的；B. Surprised吃惊的；C. Excited兴奋的；D. Satisfied满意的。根据上文“Brian cried”推知，布莱恩以为约翰逊会斥责自己，因此对自己的行为感到羞愧。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. slowly慢慢地；B. late迟地；C. deliberately故意地；D. right恰好，径直。根据“to baby-sit his little brother.”可知，放学后布莱恩必须径直回家照顾弟弟。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“很抱歉，我会打扫体育场的”他抽噎着说。A. changed改变；B. decorated装饰；C. cleaned打扫；D. ruined毁掉。根据下文“Of course you should clean”推知，布莱恩说自己会打扫体育场。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然一开始很生气，但当约翰逊意识到布莱恩有多么悲惨时，他开始变得温和起来。A. fortunate幸运的；B. miserable痛苦的，悲惨的；C. relaxed 放松的；D. naughty淘气的。根据上文“he couldn’t join the art club because he had to go ____10____ home after school to baby-sit his little brother.”可知，布莱恩的生活是比较悲惨的。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“布莱恩，在学校墙上涂鸦是一件非常严重的事情。当然，你应该清理并重新粉刷墙壁。” A. strange奇怪的；B. urgent紧急的；C. serious严重的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据“Of course you should clean and ____14____ the wall.”并结合常识可知，在学校墙壁上涂鸦是一件严重的事情。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. repaint重新粉刷；B. hide躲藏，隐藏；C. build建造；D. repair修理。根据常识，把墙壁上的涂鸦清理之后，需要重新粉刷墙壁。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：约翰逊先生停顿了一下，“但我必须说，那些画很好。你是一个人做的吗？”布莱恩点点头，“是的。我擅长画画。”A. And并且；B. So因此；C. Or或者，否则；D. But但是。上文“Of course you should clean and ____14____ the wall.”和此处“I must say, those paintings are quite good.”是转折关系，应用but连接。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰逊先生在做决定前思索了一会儿。A. promise许诺；B. choice选择；C. decision决定；D. appointment约会，任命。根据下文“Would you like to participate in that?”可知，约翰逊决定让布莱恩参与在学校墙壁上画吉祥物的活动。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“嗯，”他说，“一些老师建议我们雇佣一位当地艺术家在学校墙上画我们的学校吉祥物。你愿意参与吗？”A. interpreter翻译；B. artist艺术家；C. designer设计者；D. scientist科学家。根据“to paint our school mascot on the school wall”可知，是聘请一位当地的艺术家。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真的吗？”布莱恩迟疑了，不敢相信这是真的。A. unable不能的；B. unwilling不愿意的；C. unlikely不可能的；D. unhappy不高兴的。根据““Really?””推知，布莱恩不敢相信约翰逊先生的提议。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“是的，但这是一项艰巨的工作，我们可以将其视为对你的惩罚的一部分，”约翰逊先生一边说着，一边拿起电话，一边试图掩饰自己的微笑。A. responsibility责任；B. talent才能；C. devotion忠诚；D. punishment惩罚。呼应上文““Really?” Brian hesitated, ____18____ to believe it.”，此处用“惩罚”表示约翰逊先生的幽默。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. regret遗憾，后悔；B. anger愤怒；C. smile微笑；D. pride骄傲，自豪。根据上文“Would you like to participate in that?”可知，约翰逊先生欣赏布莱恩的涂鸦，此处说“惩罚”是故意逗他的，所以约翰逊试图掩饰自己的微笑。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science. For example, Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov’s Foundation book series. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos is similarly a massive fan of the Star Trek television series. The series inspired him to found his very own space company Blue Origin, according to Forbes magazine.
Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.
● Remote control
Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely, one of the earliest appearances of drones (无人机) in science fiction. With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006, drones became a reality, and can now be found taking on multiple roles. They provide new angles for photography, help farmers maintain their crops and are used in the military. Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon, unveiling a delivery drone back in 2019.
● From thin air
The television show Star Trek, first appearing on screens in 1966, inspired science. One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer. In the program, a device can create any object desired within a matter of seconds.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light. They have named the printer the “replicator”, the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration. The device uses light to alter the density of resin (树脂), changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.
● Starting the heart
One of the first sci-fi novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science. Earl Bakken, the inventor of the pacemaker (起搏器), a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses, was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book. “What intrigued me most was the creative spark of Dr. Frankenstein’s electricity,” Bakken told The Atlantic. Defibrillators (除颤仪), which restart the heart with an electrical current after a cardiac arrest (心脏骤停), also resemble the electric shock that gave the monster life.
36. Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was inspired by ________.
A. Star Trek B. Frankenstein C. Dune D. Foundation
37. What does Jeff Bezos want to use drones for?
A. Watering crops.
B. Transporting packages.
C. Guarding military sites.
D. Snaping breathtaking pictures.
38. What do we know about the 3D printer?
A. It can use any material to print.
B. It can create anything within minutes.
C. It can change the density of 3D printer.
D. It can turn a liquid into a solid using light.
39. What inspired Bakken to invent the pacemaker from the movie Frankenstein?
A. The way Dr. Frankenstein used electricity.
B. The device Dr. Frankenstein placed into the chest.
C. The tools Dr. Frankenstein used in his experiments.
D. The material Dr. Frankenstein used to create the monster.
40. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show some scientific advances inspired by artworks.
B. To explain some functions of those useful equipment.
C. To offer some technologies used by medicine.
D. To introduce some interesting science fiction.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些科学创造发明的灵感来自科幻小说或电视节目，科幻小说中被赋予了生活的技术，可见想象力会带来先进的文明。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“For example, Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov’s Foundation book series.”（例如，埃隆·马斯克关于人类居住在其他星球的梦想最初是受到艾萨克·阿西莫夫的Foundation系列书的启发。）可知，埃隆·马斯克的人类生活在其他星球的梦想是受到Foundation的启发。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon, unveiling a delivery drone back in 2019.”（。杰夫·贝佐斯甚至支持使用无人机为他的公司亚马逊递送包裹，早在2019年就推出了一款送货无人机。）可知，杰夫·贝佐斯想用无人机运输包裹。故选B项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light.”（2019年，美国加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员开发了一台3D打印机，可以利用光线塑造物体。）以及“The device uses light to alter the density of resin , changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.”（该设备利用光来改变树脂的密度，将材料从液体变成固体，以塑造所需的物体。）可知，3D打印机可以用光把液体变成固体。故选D项。
39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One of the first sci-fi novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science. Earl Bakken, the inventor of the pacemaker , a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses, was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book.”（玛丽·雪莱的第一部科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》对科学产生了巨大的影响。心脏起搏器的发明者厄尔·巴肯(Earl Bakken)的灵感来自1931年改编自这本书的电影。）以及“‘What intrigued me most was the creative spark of Dr. Frankenstein’s electricity,’ Bakken told The Atlantic.”（巴肯在接受《大西洋月刊》采访时表示：“最吸引我的是弗兰肯斯坦博士的电的创造性火花。”）可知，弗兰肯斯坦博士用电的方式是启发巴肯从电影《弗兰肯斯坦》中发明起搏器的。故选A项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science.”（有时，需要一件艺术作品来为科学的进步提供灵感。）和下文中具体介绍科幻小说中的技术已经被现实应用的例子，可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示一些受艺术品启发的科学进步。故选A项。
B
Although I was the class clown at school, there’s an introverted (内向的) side to my personality. That’s because I have a neurological (神经系统的) condition that makes it hard for my brain to process visual information. Words swim on the page for me. I wanted to learn how to read but I couldn’t.
In primary school, I didn’t talk to any teachers or family about this. I was clever at hiding it. When I had to write anything down, I guessed, forming what I hoped was the right words. I became good at learning by heart.
When I started secondary school, a student in class made me stand on a chair and read. It was so humiliating that I developed a bad stutter (口吃). I continued to fall through the net, emotionally and educationally. The only thing I loved was practical biology. I wanted to be a doctor.
Then I left school and joined the military. I was determined to be a medic and trained hard. But things unraveled (揭开) when I did a course in pre-hospital emergency care. I passed all my practical exams, preparing for them by watching others. The problem was the written exam. I was so embarrassed but had to tell the examining doctor that I couldn’t read. He urged me to get back into education. I was 34.
I applied to do a medical degree at the Open University (OU). It was back to basics on the course. I knew the alphabet and some words, but my vocabulary was small. I paid for a tutor, who worked with me every week, teaching me to understand words through pictures.
It took me nine years to get that degree. Now, aged 47, I’m an ambassador for the OU, winning an award for embracing education so late in life. I now teach pre-hospital emergency care to medical school students. I also teach children and adults with learning difficulties because I want to give others the chances I had.
I still struggle to read a menu if I’m not wearing my special glasses, but luckily there’s always someone around to lend me a hand. I look back and wonder how many other people have struggled with education and where they are now. I’m proof that no one should be discounted (忽视), ever.
41. How did the author deal with his problem in primary school?
A. He tried hard to forget it.
B. He found a way to hide it.
C. He managed to overcome it.
D. He turned to teachers for help.
42. What happened to the author when he was in the military?
A. He was encouraged to be a doctor.
B. His speech disorder became worse.
C He was advised to go back to university.
D. He failed his exams and was forced to leave.
43. What did the author struggle to do after returning to education?
A. Learn basics on the course.
B. Build confidence in learning.
C. Work hard to pass written exams.
D. Try to catch up in medical classes.
44. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 can be understood as ________.
A. raising public awareness of something
B. making a new discovery of something
C. accepting something willingly
D. attracting great attention
45. According to the last paragraph, what message does the author want to convey?
A. Experience helps to promote excellence.
B. College education contributes to success.
C. Everyone should be treated equally in education.
D. Adults with learning difficulties need special education.
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者有阅读障碍，这个问题导致他的梦想破碎，但通过别人的鼓励和自己的努力他重返教育并获得了成功。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In primary school, I didn’t talk to any teachers or family about this. I was clever at hiding it. (上小学的时候，我没有和任何老师或家人谈过这件事。我很聪明地隐藏了它)”可知，作者小学时隐藏了自己的问题。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“He urged me to get back into education.(他敦促我重新回到教育领域)”和第五段的“I applied to do a medical degree at the Open University (OU). (我申请了开放大学的医学学位)”可知，作者在军队时被劝说回去念大学。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的“It was back to basics on the course. I knew the alphabet and some words, but my vocabulary was small. I paid for a tutor, who worked with me every week, teaching me to understand words through pictures.(回到了课程的基础。我知道字母表和一些单词，但我的词汇量很小。我花钱请了一位导师，他每周都和我一起学习，教我通过图片理解单词)”可知，回去上学后作者挣扎着学习课程的基础，比如字母表和词汇等。故选A。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的“He urged me to get back into education. I was 34.(他敦促我重新回到教育领域。那年我34岁)”和倒数第二段的“It took me nine years to get that degree.(我花了九年时间才拿到那个学位)”可知，作者34岁重回教育领域，并且花了9年，也就是在自己43岁那年才拿到学位。由此可知，作者因为在较大年龄主动接受教育而获得奖励。因此embrace意为“自愿接受”。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I look back and wonder how many other people have struggled with education and where they are now. I’m proof that no one should be discounted (忽视), ever.(回顾过去，我想知道还有多少人曾为教育而奋斗，他们现在在哪里。我证明了任何人都不应该被轻视)”推知，作者通过最后一段传递的信息是：每个人在教育中都应该受到平等对待。故选C。
C
In the UK, the government showed throwaway cups should be forbidden altogether by 2023 if they are not all being recycled. As a result, Starbucks said it would try out a 5p (5 pence) cup charge in 20 to 25 central London shops. “We will begin it next month and at first it will last for three months,” the company said, adding that it continued to offer a 25p (25 pence) discount to customers who brought their own reusable cups.
The government agrees plastic waste is a problem and will consider taxing disposable (一次性的) plastics. The committee’s chair, Mary Creagh, said, “The UK throws away 2.5 billion disposable coffee cups every year. Almost none are recycled. Coffee cup producers and shops haven’t taken action to change this. So we need to kick-start a change in recycling.”
The Liberal Democrats said they had been suggesting a charge on coffee cups since September 2016. The party’s spokesman, Tim Farron, said, “The result is clear that the tax works. The 5p charge on plastic bags has largely cut down the usage and helped protect our environment.”
The 5p tax is being against by the makers of paper cups. Mike Tuner, of the Paper Cup Alliance, said paper cups were the safest solution for drinks. “The paper cups we produce in the UK can be recycled, and are being recycled. We are trying to increase recycling rates. Taxing the morning coffee run won’t solve the problem, but it will hurt consumers,” he said.
Disposable coffee cups are technically recyclable, but most are not because the UK has just three machines that can split the paper and plastic parts for recycling. The committee has called on the government to require coffee cups from cafes without in-store recycling systems to carry “not recycled” marks to remind customers. Cafes with in-store recycling systems should print their cups with “recyclable in store only”.
46. About the throwaway cups, Starbucks will ________.
A. offer a half-price discount to customers with their own cups
B. support the idea of forbidding throwaway cups till 2023
C. charge customers 5p per throwaway cup in some shops
D. stop to offer throwaway cups in its shops right now
47. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A. Coffee cup makers will take action to recycle the water.
B The use of the disposable plastics is a nationwide problem.
C. Coffee cup users pay much attention to the plastic problem.
D. The UK government will ban all disposable coffee cups by 2023.
48. What will be the result of introducing a charge for disposable coffee cups, in Tim Farron’s opinion?
A. More people will fight against the charge.
B. There will be little change in our environment.
C. Fewer people will use the disposable coffee cups.
D. There will be a competition between coffee shops.
49. According to Mike Turner, taxing the paper coffee cups ________.
A. will be supported by the makers of the paper cups
B. will affect the consumers instead of solving the problem
C. can give a hand to increasing recycling rates of the makers
D. can be the best solution for the government to cut down waste
50. What’s the real problem about disposable coffee cups’ recycling in the UK?
A. There are not enough professionals in this area.
B. There is not enough professional equipment.
C. Consumers don’t have recycling knowledge.
D. Cafes don’t have recycling systems at all.
【答案】46. C 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍为了解决塑料垃圾问题英国拟对一次性咖啡杯征税，专家对此举有不同看法，并指真正的问题所在。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a result, Starbucks said it would try out a 5p (5 pence) cup charge in 20 to 25 central London shops.(因此，星巴克表示将在伦敦市中心的20至25家门店试行5便士的杯子收费)”可知，星巴克将在一些商店对每只一次性杯子向顾客收取5便士。故选C。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“The committee’s chair, Mary Creagh, said, “The UK throws away 2.5 billion disposable coffee cups every year. Almost none are recycled. Coffee cup producers and shops haven’t taken action to change this. So we need to kick-start a change in recycling.”(该委员会主席Mary Creagh说：“英国每年扔掉25亿个一次性咖啡杯。几乎没有一个是回收的。咖啡杯生产商和商店还没有采取行动来改变这一点。因此，我们需要开始在回收利用方面做出改变。”)”可知，在英国一次性塑料的使用是一个全国性的问题。故选B。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“The party’s spokesman, Tim Farron, said, “The result is clear that the tax works. The 5p charge on plastic bags has largely cut down the usage and helped protect our environment.”(该党发言人Tim Farron表示：“结果很清楚，这项税收是有效的。对塑料袋收取5便士的费用在很大程度上减少了使用量，有助于保护我们的环境。”)”推知，鉴于对塑料袋征税的情况Tim Farron认为对一次性杯子征税后会有更少的人使用一次性咖啡杯。故选C。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Mike Tuner说的话“Taxing the morning coffee run won’t solve the problem, but it will hurt consumers(对早上的咖啡供应征税并不能解决问题，但会伤害消费者)”可知，Mike Tuner认为对一次性咖啡杯征税只会影响消费者，不能解决问题。故选B。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Disposable coffee cups are technically recyclable, but most are not because the UK has just three machines that can split the paper and plastic parts for recycling. (一次性咖啡杯在技术上是可回收的，但大多数没有被回收，因为英国只有三台机器可以将纸和塑料部分分开回收)”可知，在英国一次性咖啡杯回收的真正问题是没有足够的专业设备。故选B。
D
Nearly all parents want to raise confident children who believe strongly in their own abilities, but how exactly do you encourage your children to see themselves as intelligent and competent? Will calling your children “smart” help to improve confidence?
Research clearly shows that praising children for being “smart” is associated with more negative consequences than praising children for their effort. First, research finds that when children are praised for being “smart,” they tend to be less interested in the learning itself and more interested in the performance of themselves and others, as compared to children who are praised for their effort. In addition, when faced with failure, children praised for being “smart” tend to blame their failure on not being smart enough and are then more likely to just give up.
Children praised for “hard work” tend to conclude that they simply need to work harder when they fail, and thus they are more likely to be persistent. Children who are praised for being “smart” also tend to see intelligence as something they can’t change, while children praised for “hard work” are more motivated to keep learning or trying to do better.
Praising children for being “smart” may even promote cheating. Research finds that children who are referred to as “smart” are more likely to cheat than children praised for their performance (“You did very well this time.”), or not praised at all. The researchers guess that children who are called “smart” feel pressured to uphold this reputation so they cheat to make sure that their performance is consistent with being “smart”.
So try not to refer to your child as “smart” or any label that refers to their abilities. Research consistently finds that this type of “person praise” has a negative impact on motivation and persistence. Instead, praise children for their hard work and effort. You can also praise them for their focus on a task, persistence in something difficult, or the strategy they use, so instead of saying, “Wow, you are so smart,” try saying, “What a great idea to build a strong base for your tower before you started building!”
51. What is the finding of the research?
A. Praising children for their effort benefits them in many ways.
B. Calling children “smart” helps improve confidence.
C. Children praised for being “smart” tend to fail.
D. Intelligence is something that we can change.
52. Why are children called “smart” more likely to cheat?
A. They are more persistent when faced with failure.
B. They are more interested in performance than in learning.
C. They believe intelligence is something that can’t be changed.
D. They feel the need to maintain their reputation as being “smart”.
53. Which of the following would the author agree with in praising children?
A. You are so good at math.
B. Wow, you are so excellent.
C. I love it when you challenge yourself with reading.
D. You are a talented singer and can easily outperform most others.
54. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The negative consequences of praising children for being “smart”.
B. The relationship between “smart” praise and cheating in children.
C. The strategies of praising children for their hard work and effort.
D. The benefits of praising children for their persistence and focus.
55. What message does the author want to convey in the passage?
A. Calling a child “smart” may not be beneficial for him.
B. Children praised for being “smart” perform better.
C. Praise can make children more confident.
D. Parents should praise their children less.
【答案】51. A 52. D 53. C 54. C 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出表扬孩子“聪明”比表扬孩子努力带来更多的负面后果，建议家长表扬孩子的努力、专注、坚持等。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Children praised for “hard work” tend to conclude that they simply need to work harder when they fail, and thus they are more likely to be persistent. Children who are praised for being “smart” also tend to see intelligence as something they can’t change, while children praised for “hard work” are more motivated to keep learning or trying to do better.(那些被称赞“努力”的孩子往往会认为，他们只是需要在失败时更加努力，因此他们更有可能坚持不懈。被称赞为“聪明”的孩子也倾向于认为智力是他们无法改变的，而被称赞为“努力学习”的孩子更有动力继续学习或努力做得更好)”可知，表扬孩子“努力”在很多方面都对孩子有好处。故选A。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The researchers guess that children who are called “smart” feel pressured to uphold this reputation so they cheat to make sure that their performance is consistent with being “smart”.(研究人员猜测，那些被称为“聪明”的孩子迫于压力要保持这种声誉，所以他们会作弊，以确保他们的表现与“聪明”相符)”可知，那些被称赞“聪明”的孩子更有可能作弊，是因为他们觉得有必要保持自己“聪明”的声誉。故选D。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Instead, praise children for their hard work and effort. You can also praise them for their focus on a task, persistence in something difficult, or the strategy they use, so instead of saying, “Wow, you are so smart,” try saying, “What a great idea to build a strong base for your tower before you started building!”(相反，要表扬孩子的努力。你也可以赞扬他们对一项任务的专注，对困难的坚持，或者他们使用的策略，所以不要说，“哇，你真聪明”，试着说，“在开始建造之前为你的塔建立一个坚固的基础是多么好的主意!”)”可知，作者认为要表扬孩子的努力、专注、坚持、他们使用的策略等。由此推知C项“我喜欢你用阅读挑战自己”是作者赞成的表扬孩子的做法，因为这属于对困难的坚持。故选C。
【54题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Instead, praise children for their hard work and effort. You can also praise them for their focus on a task, persistence in something difficult, or the strategy they use, so instead of saying, “Wow, you are so smart,” try saying, “What a great idea to build a strong base for your tower before you started building!”(相反，要表扬孩子的努力。你也可以赞扬他们对一项任务的专注，对困难的坚持，或者他们使用的策略，所以不要说，“哇，你真聪明”，试着说，“在开始建造之前为你的塔建立一个坚固的基础是多么好的主意!”)”可知，本段主要介绍了表扬孩子努力的策略。故选C。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，并结合第二段的“Research clearly shows that praising children for being “smart” is associated with more negative consequences than praising children for their effort. (研究清楚地表明，表扬孩子“聪明”比表扬孩子的努力带来更多的负面后果)”，第三段的“Children who are praised for being “smart” also tend to see intelligence as something they can’t change(被称赞为“聪明”的孩子也倾向于认为智力是他们无法改变的)”，和第四段的“Praising children for being “smart” may even promote cheating.(表扬孩子“聪明”甚至可能助长作弊行为)”可知，作者通过这篇文章传达的信息是说一个孩子“聪明”可能带来负面后果，即这种做法对孩子没有好处。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷
注意事项：
1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。
2.本卷共6小题，共35分。
第三部分：写作
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
A taxi driver taught me a million-dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Motivational speakers charge thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate executives (企业高管) and staff. It cost me a $12 taxi ride.
I had flown into Dallas for the only purpose of calling on a customer. Time was of the essence and my plan included a quick turnaround trip from and back to the airport. A spotless taxi pulled up.
The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver’s seat, he mentioned that the neatly folded “Wall Street Journal” next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.
Well! I looked around for a “Candid Camera”! Wouldn’t you? I could not believe the service I was receiving! I took the opportunity to say, “Obviously you take great pride in your work. You must have a story to tell.”
“You bet,” he replied, “I used to be in Corporate America. But I got tired of thinking my best would never be good enough. I decided to find my niche in life where I could feel proud of being the best I could be. I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. So I became a taxi driver. One thing I know for sure, to be good in my business I could simply just meet the expectations of my passengers. But, to be GREAT in my business, I have to EXCEED the customer’s expectations! I like both the sound and the return of being ‘great’ better than just getting by on ‘average’”.
56. Why did the author fly to Dallas? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________
57. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean? (1 word)
_____________________________________________________
59. According to the driver’s words in Paragraph 5, what made him become a taxi driver? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________
60. What’s your dream job? And how would you do it to go from “GOOD” to “GREAT”? (no more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________
【答案】56. To call on/ visit a customer.
57. Impressive things the driver did for the author.
58. Job./ Career.
59. His love for driving serving and getting things well done.
60. Open. For example: I want to be a doctor. Besides caring for patients, I want to better my work by learning more and practicing more.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述作者在达拉斯遇到一位热爱自己工作的出租车司机，他的所言所行让作者明白了如何满足顾客的期待，让顾客满意。
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段的“I had flown into Dallas for the only purpose of calling on a customer.(我飞到达拉斯的唯一目的就是去拜访一位顾客)”可知，作者去达拉斯的目的是拜访一位顾客。故答案为To call on/ visit a customer.
【57题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第三段“The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver’s seat, he mentioned that the neatly folded “Wall Street Journal” next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.(司机冲过来为我打开副驾驶座的门，确保我已经舒服地坐好后，他才关门。当他坐上驾驶座时，他提到我旁边那份叠得整整齐齐的《华尔街日报》是给我用的。然后他给我看了几盘磁带，问我喜欢什么类型的音乐)”可知，第三段讲述司机为作者做的一些令人印象深刻的事情。故答案为Impressive things the driver did for the author.
【58题详解】
考查词句猜测。根据第五段的“I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. So I became a taxi driver. (我知道我永远不会成为一名火箭科学家，但我喜欢开车，喜欢为他人服务，喜欢感觉自己完成了一整天的工作，而且做得很好。所以我成了一名出租车司机)”可知，司机在谈论能让自己感到骄傲并发挥自己所长的工作。由此猜测niche意为“工作”。故答案为Job./ Career.
【59题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段的“I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. So I became a taxi driver. (我知道我永远不会成为一名火箭科学家，但我喜欢开车，喜欢为他人服务，喜欢感觉自己完成了一整天的工作，而且做得很好。所以我成了一名出租车司机)”可知，司机认为对驾驶、为他人服务、把事情做好的爱好让他成为了出租车司机。故答案为His love for driving, serving and getting things well done.
【60题详解】
开放性题目。该题为开放性题目，答案符合题目要求和字数即可。例如：I want to be a doctor. Besides caring for patients, I want to better my work by learning more and practicing more.
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你的英国笔友Chris的学校将要举办一场“Amazing China”中国展活动，在筹备过程中，他写信向你寻求建议。请根据以下提示给他写一封回信。
(1)建议他介绍一种有关中国文化的活动(如中国诗词大会、中国戏曲表演等)；
(2)给出建议该活动的理由；
(3)表达美好祝愿。
注意：
(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
中国诗词大会Chinese Poetry Competition
中国戏曲表演Chinese Opera Performance
Dear Chris,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Jin
【答案】Dear Chris,
Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Competition. It has been successfully held for several times at CCTV.
On the one hand, there are many foreigners interested in ancient Chinese poetry, so I believe this topic will attract the attention of the teachers and students of your school, making them learn more about Chinese traditional culture through this activity. On the other hand, I am very familiar with poetry and can offer you help when necessary.
I sincerely hope that the event will be a successful one. Looking forward to your good news.
Yours,
Li Jin
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生建议英国笔友Chris选择有关中国文化的活动作为“Amazing China”中国展的话题，并给出理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
称为：name→call
推荐：suggest→recommend
对……感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
吸引：attract→appeal to
2.句型拓展
合并句子
原句：Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Competition. It has been successfully held for several times at CCTV.
拓展句：Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Competition, which has been successfully held for several times at CCTV.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Conference. （运用了that引导的宾语从句和过去分词作定语）
[高分句型2]On the other hand, I am very familiar with poetry and can offer you help when necessary.（运用了状语从句的省略）
河北区2022～2023学年度第一学期期末高三年级质量检测
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利!
第Ⅰ卷
注意事项：
1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2.本卷共55小题，共95分。
第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see it better.
A. or B. and C. but D. while
答案是B。
1. If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll probably find a solution that ________ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你从各个方面来看情况，你可能会找到适合每个人的解决方案。分析句子可知，定语从句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语that指代先行词a slolution，是第三人称单数，故定语从句谓语动词为单数形式。故选C项。
2. —Reading is the best way to pass time on the train.
— _______, I never go traveling without a book.
A. You are joking B. That’s true
C. I don’t think so D. It sounds like fun
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——在火车上打发时间最好的方法是看书。——对的，我外出总是带着书。A. You are joking你在开玩笑吧；B. That’s true那是对的；C. I don’t think so我不这样认为；D. It sounds like fun听起来很有趣。根据答语后半句可知，我出门总是带着书，说明我同意第一个人的观点。故选B。
3. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _with students.
A. working B. work
C. to work D. worked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起工作一样快乐。分析句子可知，have fun doing sth.做某事很开心，as I now do working with students补充完整为as I now have fun working with students。故选A。
4. I won’t tell the students the answer to the math problem until they ________ on it for more than an hour.
A. have been working B. had worked
C. will have been working D. will have worked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：直到学生做了一个多小时，我才告诉学生这道数学题的答案。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据“for more than an hour”和语境可知，此处指动作从过去开始延续到现在，强调动作的持续性，应用现在完成进行时。故选A。
5. I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet _______ prepared.
A. attentively B. attractively
C. actively D. adequately
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. attentively 聚精会神地；B. attractively 动人地；C. actively活跃地； D. adequately 充足地。句意：我希望在课上不会被点到因为我还没有准备充分。根据前文 “I hope I will not be called on in class”可知“我”不希望被点到，后文是原因， 将D项带入原文符合语境，意为“我还没有准备充分”，故选D项。
6. I have offered to paint the house ________ a week’s accommodation.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我提出粉刷房子以换取一周的住宿。A. in exchange for作为交换；B. in answer to作为对……的答复；C. in contact with与……保持联系；D. in memory of作为对……的纪念。结合句意可知，此处指用粉刷房子作为住宿一周的交换，in exchange for符合题意。故选A。
7. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals ________ from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.
A. vary B. distribute C. motivate D. facilitate
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：敦煌壁画的题材从宗教故事到日常生活场景都不尽相同。A. vary变化，不同；B. distribute分发；C. motivate激励，鼓励；D. facilitate促进。vary from...to...“不同，在……范围变化”符合句意。故选A。
8. — Excuse me, where is George?
— George ________ too far. His coffee is still warm.
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——劳驾，请问George在哪儿？——George肯定没有走远。他的咖啡还是热的。A. must have gone肯定离开；B. might have gone可能离开；C. can’t have gone不可能离开；D. needn’t have gone本没有必要离开。结合 His coffee is still warm可知，此处表示对过去情况的否定推测，应用can’t have done。故选C。
9. As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. Which B. that
C. what D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句用法。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。本题主句是一个表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，故用what来引导。在名词性从句中，当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，一般用关系词what来引导。故C正确。
【点睛】本题考查考生对名词性从句的掌握情况，定语从句作用相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词或整个句子，同位语从句是对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容的句子。本题中说的那个 “句子中宾语或主语用一个句子来代替就是该种从句”用一个句子来代替宾语或主语，那就属于主语从句或宾语性从句了。 所以做题时仔细分析题干，才能更好地做好题。
10. （2015 • 福建）________more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. To learn D. To be learning
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国民间音乐作为选修课。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。故选C
考点：考查考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。
11. It is said that body language ________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
A. lies in B. accounts for
C. consists of D. goes with
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：据说肢体语言占第一印象的百分之55，而你所说的话只占百分之7。A. lies in在于；B. accounts for说明〔解释〕…原因,证明，对...负有责任 ，占有,占...百分比；C. consists of由---组成，构成；D. goes with与……一起。根据“55 per cent of a first impression”可知，accounts for“占...百分比”符合句意。故选B。
12. — The movie starts at 8:30, and we can have a quick bite before we go.
— ________. See you at 8:10.
A. So long B. No wonder C. Good luck D. Sounds great
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——电影8点半开始，我们可以在走之前随便吃点东西。——听起来不错。八点十分见。A. So long再见；B. No wonder难怪；C. Good luck祝你好运；D. Sounds great听起来不错。根据“See you at 8:10.”可知，表示赞同别人的提议，用Sounds great“听起来不错”符合语境。故选D项。
13. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ________ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. for which B. to which C. of which D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：人类的面部表情与动物的不同之处在于它们可以在多大程度上被有意控制。表达“到达某种程度”应用to...degree，先行词是degree，作介词to的宾语，应用which。故选B。
14. If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.
A. while B. before C. after D. since
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句连词。句意：如果你错过了这个机会，你可能需要几年的时间才能得到另一个机会。A. while当；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. since自从。此处为固定句型：it be+一段时间+before...“要过……才……”，before引导时间状语从句。故选B。
15. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ________ statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. available B. original C. explicit D. formal
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的全面调查提供了最详尽的数据收集方式和依据。A. available可用的；B. original原始的；C. explicit详尽的，明确的；D. formal正式的。根据“of how, and on what basis, data are collected.”可知，是提供了详尽的的说明。故选C。
第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A new week began. Marcus entered the school. ____16____, he cried out “What happened to the stadium?” Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!
All students were whispering with ____17____ about the graffiti (涂鸦). Possible explanations spread like wildfire ____18____ the school.
Later, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus ____19____ the paint on his hands. He ____20____ that it was Brian who did it. After school, Marcus followed Brian and ____21____ on what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint! He decided to ____22____ it to Mr. Johnson.
The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr. Johnson ____23____ asked about the graffiti, Brian cried. ____24____, Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the art club because he had to go _____25_____ home after school to baby-sit his little brother. “I’m sorry and I’ll _____26_____ the stadium,” he sobbed.
Though angry at first, Mr. Johnson began to soften as he realized how _____27_____ Brian was. “Brian, painting graffti on school walls is a very _____28_____ matter. Of course you should clean and _____29_____ the wall.” Mr. Johnson paused, “_____30_____ I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you do it alone?” Brian nodded, “Yes. I’m good at painting.”
Mr. Johnson thought for a moment before making a(n) _____31_____. “Well,” he said, “Some teachers suggested that we hire a local _____32_____ to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that?”
“Really?” Brian hesitated, _____33_____ to believe it.
“Yes, but it’s hard work, and we can consider it part of your _____34_____” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his _____35_____ as he picked up the phone.
16. A. Gradually B. Generally C. Usually D. Suddenly
17. A. curiosity B. disappointment C. fear D. relief
18. A. to B. around C. from D. beyond
19. A. wiped B. examined C. scanned D. spotted
20. A. remembered B. suspected C. witnessed D. hoped
21. A. spied B. reflected C. commented D. hit
22. A. make B. report C. describe D. retell
23. A. hesitantly B. patiently C. directly D. sympathetically
24. A. Ashamed B. Surprised C. Excited D. Satisfied
25. A. slowly B. late C. deliberately D. right
26. A. change B. decorate C. clean D. ruin
27. A. fortunate B. miserable C. relaxed D. naughty
28. A. strange B. urgent C. serious D. unusual
29. A. repaint B. hide C. build D. repair
30. A. And B. So C. Or D. But
31. A. promise B. choice C. decision D. appointment
32. A. interpreter B. artist C. designer D. scientist
33. A. unable B. unwilling C. unlikely D. unhappy
34. A. responsibility B. talent C. devotion D. punishment
35. A. regret B. anger C. smile D. pride
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述布莱恩在学校体育馆的墙壁上涂鸦被老师马库斯发现，并通报给了校长约翰逊先生。当约翰逊了解到布莱恩的真实情况后，不但没有惩罚他，还建议他和当地一位艺术家一起在学校墙壁上画学校的吉祥物。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然他喊道：“体育场怎么了？”A. Gradually逐渐；B. Generally通常，普遍；C. Usually通常；D. Suddenly突然。根据上文“Marcus entered the school.”和下文“Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!”可知，马库斯进入学校后看到体育场墙壁上被画上了，因此突然大喊起来。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有学生都好奇地对涂鸦窃窃私语。A. curiosity好奇；B. disappointment失望；C. fear害怕；D. relief减轻，安慰。根据下文“Possible explanations”推知，学生们非常好奇。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：可能的解释像野火一样传遍了学校。A. to到；B. around围绕；C. from来自；D. beyond超于。根据“spread like wildfire”可知，可能的解释传遍的校园，around the school“遍及学校”符合题意。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，当布莱恩擦黑板时，马库斯发现了他手上的油漆。A. wiped擦掉；B. examined检查； C. scanned浏览；D. spotted发现。根据“the paint on his hands”和下文“it was Brian who did it”可知，马库斯发现了布莱恩手上的油漆。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑是布莱恩做的。A. remembered记得；B. suspected怀疑；C. witnessed目睹；D. hoped希望。根据下文“Marcus followed Brian”推知，马库斯怀疑是布莱恩在学校墙上画了画。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学后，马库斯跟踪布莱恩，暗中监视他在做什么。A. spied侦察；暗中监视；B. reflected反射，反思；C. commented评论；D. hit击打。根据“Marcus followed Brian”可知，马库斯小心跟着布莱恩，暗中监视他。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定向约翰逊先生报告此事。A. make制造；B. report报道；C. describe描述；D. retell复述。根据上文“When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint!”可知，马库斯已经确定涂鸦是布莱恩干的，因此决定将此事报告给约翰逊先生。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：约翰逊先生直接问起涂鸦的事时，布赖恩哭了。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. patiently耐心地；C. directly直接地；D. sympathetically怜悯地。根据“Brian cried”推知，约翰逊先生直接问起涂鸦的事情，布莱恩被吓哭了。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布莱恩羞愧地解释说，他喜欢画画，但他不能加入艺术俱乐部，因为他放学后必须径直回家照看他的弟弟。A. Ashamed羞愧的；B. Surprised吃惊的；C. Excited兴奋的；D. Satisfied满意的。根据上文“Brian cried”推知，布莱恩以为约翰逊会斥责自己，因此对自己的行为感到羞愧。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. slowly慢慢地；B. late迟地；C. deliberately故意地；D. right恰好，径直。根据“to baby-sit his little brother.”可知，放学后布莱恩必须径直回家照顾弟弟。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“很抱歉，我会打扫体育场的”他抽噎着说。A. changed改变；B. decorated装饰；C. cleaned打扫；D. ruined毁掉。根据下文“Of course you should clean”推知，布莱恩说自己会打扫体育场。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然一开始很生气，但当约翰逊意识到布莱恩有多么悲惨时，他开始变得温和起来。A. fortunate幸运的；B. miserable痛苦的，悲惨的；C. relaxed 放松的；D. naughty淘气的。根据上文“he couldn’t join the art club because he had to go ____10____ home after school to baby-sit his little brother.”可知，布莱恩的生活是比较悲惨的。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“布莱恩，在学校墙上涂鸦是一件非常严重的事情。当然，你应该清理并重新粉刷墙壁。” A. strange奇怪的；B. urgent紧急的；C. serious严重的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据“Of course you should clean and ____14____ the wall.”并结合常识可知，在学校墙壁上涂鸦是一件严重的事情。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. repaint重新粉刷；B. hide躲藏，隐藏；C. build建造；D. repair修理。根据常识，把墙壁上的涂鸦清理之后，需要重新粉刷墙壁。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：约翰逊先生停顿了一下，“但我必须说，那些画很好。你是一个人做的吗？”布莱恩点点头，“是的。我擅长画画。”A. And并且；B. So因此；C. Or或者，否则；D. But但是。上文“Of course you should clean and ____14____ the wall.”和此处“I must say, those paintings are quite good.”是转折关系，应用but连接。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰逊先生在做决定前思索了一会儿。A. promise许诺；B. choice选择；C. decision决定；D. appointment约会，任命。根据下文“Would you like to participate in that?”可知，约翰逊决定让布莱恩参与在学校墙壁上画吉祥物的活动。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“嗯，”他说，“一些老师建议我们雇佣一位当地艺术家在学校墙上画我们的学校吉祥物。你愿意参与吗？”A. interpreter翻译；B. artist艺术家；C. designer设计者；D. scientist科学家。根据“to paint our school mascot on the school wall”可知，是聘请一位当地的艺术家。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真的吗？”布莱恩迟疑了，不敢相信这是真的。A. unable不能的；B. unwilling不愿意的；C. unlikely不可能的；D. unhappy不高兴的。根据““Really?””推知，布莱恩不敢相信约翰逊先生的提议。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“是的，但这是一项艰巨的工作，我们可以将其视为对你的惩罚的一部分，”约翰逊先生一边说着，一边拿起电话，一边试图掩饰自己的微笑。A. responsibility责任；B. talent才能；C. devotion忠诚；D. punishment惩罚。呼应上文““Really?” Brian hesitated, ____18____ to believe it.”，此处用“惩罚”表示约翰逊先生的幽默。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. regret遗憾，后悔；B. anger愤怒；C. smile微笑；D. pride骄傲，自豪。根据上文“Would you like to participate in that?”可知，约翰逊先生欣赏布莱恩的涂鸦，此处说“惩罚”是故意逗他的，所以约翰逊试图掩饰自己的微笑。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science. For example, Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov’s Foundation book series. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos is similarly a massive fan of the Star Trek television series. The series inspired him to found his very own space company Blue Origin, according to Forbes magazine.
Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.
● Remote control
Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely, one of the earliest appearances of drones (无人机) in science fiction. With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006, drones became a reality, and can now be found taking on multiple roles. They provide new angles for photography, help farmers maintain their crops and are used in the military. Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon, unveiling a delivery drone back in 2019.
● From thin air
The television show Star Trek, first appearing on screens in 1966, inspired science. One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer. In the program, a device can create any object desired within a matter of seconds.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light. They have named the printer the “replicator”, the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration. The device uses light to alter the density of resin (树脂), changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.
● Starting the heart
One of the first sci-fi novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science. Earl Bakken, the inventor of the pacemaker (起搏器), a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses, was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book. “What intrigued me most was the creative spark of Dr. Frankenstein’s electricity,” Bakken told The Atlantic. Defibrillators (除颤仪), which restart the heart with an electrical current after a cardiac arrest (心脏骤停), also resemble the electric shock that gave the monster life.
36. Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was inspired by ________.
A. Star Trek B. Frankenstein C. Dune D. Foundation
37. What does Jeff Bezos want to use drones for?
A. Watering crops.
B. Transporting packages.
C. Guarding military sites.
D. Snaping breathtaking pictures.
38. What do we know about the 3D printer?
A. It can use any material to print.
B. It can create anything within minutes.
C. It can change the density of 3D printer.
D. It can turn a liquid into a solid using light.
39. What inspired Bakken to invent the pacemaker from the movie Frankenstein?
A. The way Dr. Frankenstein used electricity.
B. The device Dr. Frankenstein placed into the chest.
C. The tools Dr. Frankenstein used in his experiments.
D. The material Dr. Frankenstein used to create the monster.
40. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show some scientific advances inspired by artworks.
B. To explain some functions of those useful equipment.
C. To offer some technologies used by medicine.
D. To introduce some interesting science fiction.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些科学创造发明的灵感来自科幻小说或电视节目，科幻小说中被赋予了生活的技术，可见想象力会带来先进的文明。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“For example, Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov’s Foundation book series.”（例如，埃隆·马斯克关于人类居住在其他星球的梦想最初是受到艾萨克·阿西莫夫的Foundation系列书的启发。）可知，埃隆·马斯克的人类生活在其他星球的梦想是受到Foundation的启发。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon, unveiling a delivery drone back in 2019.”（。杰夫·贝佐斯甚至支持使用无人机为他的公司亚马逊递送包裹，早在2019年就推出了一款送货无人机。）可知，杰夫·贝佐斯想用无人机运输包裹。故选B项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed a 3D printer in 2019 that shapes objects using rays of light.”（2019年，美国加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员开发了一台3D打印机，可以利用光线塑造物体。）以及“The device uses light to alter the density of resin , changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.”（该设备利用光来改变树脂的密度，将材料从液体变成固体，以塑造所需的物体。）可知，3D打印机可以用光把液体变成固体。故选D项。
39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One of the first sci-fi novels, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science. Earl Bakken, the inventor of the pacemaker , a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses, was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book.”（玛丽·雪莱的第一部科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》对科学产生了巨大的影响。心脏起搏器的发明者厄尔·巴肯(Earl Bakken)的灵感来自1931年改编自这本书的电影。）以及“‘What intrigued me most was the creative spark of Dr. Frankenstein’s electricity,’ Bakken told The Atlantic.”（巴肯在接受《大西洋月刊》采访时表示：“最吸引我的是弗兰肯斯坦博士的电的创造性火花。”）可知，弗兰肯斯坦博士用电的方式是启发巴肯从电影《弗兰肯斯坦》中发明起搏器的。故选A项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science.”（有时，需要一件艺术作品来为科学的进步提供灵感。）和下文中具体介绍科幻小说中的技术已经被现实应用的例子，可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示一些受艺术品启发的科学进步。故选A项。
B
Although I was the class clown at school, there’s an introverted (内向的) side to my personality. That’s because I have a neurological (神经系统的) condition that makes it hard for my brain to process visual information. Words swim on the page for me. I wanted to learn how to read but I couldn’t.
In primary school, I didn’t talk to any teachers or family about this. I was clever at hiding it. When I had to write anything down, I guessed, forming what I hoped was the right words. I became good at learning by heart.
When I started secondary school, a student in class made me stand on a chair and read. It was so humiliating that I developed a bad stutter (口吃). I continued to fall through the net, emotionally and educationally. The only thing I loved was practical biology. I wanted to be a doctor.
Then I left school and joined the military. I was determined to be a medic and trained hard. But things unraveled (揭开) when I did a course in pre-hospital emergency care. I passed all my practical exams, preparing for them by watching others. The problem was the written exam. I was so embarrassed but had to tell the examining doctor that I couldn’t read. He urged me to get back into education. I was 34.
I applied to do a medical degree at the Open University (OU). It was back to basics on the course. I knew the alphabet and some words, but my vocabulary was small. I paid for a tutor, who worked with me every week, teaching me to understand words through pictures.
It took me nine years to get that degree. Now, aged 47, I’m an ambassador for the OU, winning an award for embracing education so late in life. I now teach pre-hospital emergency care to medical school students. I also teach children and adults with learning difficulties because I want to give others the chances I had.
I still struggle to read a menu if I’m not wearing my special glasses, but luckily there’s always someone around to lend me a hand. I look back and wonder how many other people have struggled with education and where they are now. I’m proof that no one should be discounted (忽视), ever.
41. How did the author deal with his problem in primary school?
A. He tried hard to forget it.
B. He found a way to hide it.
C. He managed to overcome it.
D. He turned to teachers for help.
42. What happened to the author when he was in the military?
A. He was encouraged to be a doctor.
B. His speech disorder became worse.
C He was advised to go back to university.
D. He failed his exams and was forced to leave.
43. What did the author struggle to do after returning to education?
A. Learn basics on the course.
B. Build confidence in learning.
C. Work hard to pass written exams.
D. Try to catch up in medical classes.
44. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 can be understood as ________.
A. raising public awareness of something
B. making a new discovery of something
C. accepting something willingly
D. attracting great attention
45. According to the last paragraph, what message does the author want to convey?
A. Experience helps to promote excellence.
B. College education contributes to success.
C. Everyone should be treated equally in education.
D. Adults with learning difficulties need special education.
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者有阅读障碍，这个问题导致他的梦想破碎，但通过别人的鼓励和自己的努力他重返教育并获得了成功。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In primary school, I didn’t talk to any teachers or family about this. I was clever at hiding it. (上小学的时候，我没有和任何老师或家人谈过这件事。我很聪明地隐藏了它)”可知，作者小学时隐藏了自己的问题。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“He urged me to get back into education.(他敦促我重新回到教育领域)”和第五段的“I applied to do a medical degree at the Open University (OU). (我申请了开放大学的医学学位)”可知，作者在军队时被劝说回去念大学。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的“It was back to basics on the course. I knew the alphabet and some words, but my vocabulary was small. I paid for a tutor, who worked with me every week, teaching me to understand words through pictures.(回到了课程的基础。我知道字母表和一些单词，但我的词汇量很小。我花钱请了一位导师，他每周都和我一起学习，教我通过图片理解单词)”可知，回去上学后作者挣扎着学习课程的基础，比如字母表和词汇等。故选A。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的“He urged me to get back into education. I was 34.(他敦促我重新回到教育领域。那年我34岁)”和倒数第二段的“It took me nine years to get that degree.(我花了九年时间才拿到那个学位)”可知，作者34岁重回教育领域，并且花了9年，也就是在自己43岁那年才拿到学位。由此可知，作者因为在较大年龄主动接受教育而获得奖励。因此embrace意为“自愿接受”。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I look back and wonder how many other people have struggled with education and where they are now. I’m proof that no one should be discounted (忽视), ever.(回顾过去，我想知道还有多少人曾为教育而奋斗，他们现在在哪里。我证明了任何人都不应该被轻视)”推知，作者通过最后一段传递的信息是：每个人在教育中都应该受到平等对待。故选C。
C
In the UK, the government showed throwaway cups should be forbidden altogether by 2023 if they are not all being recycled. As a result, Starbucks said it would try out a 5p (5 pence) cup charge in 20 to 25 central London shops. “We will begin it next month and at first it will last for three months,” the company said, adding that it continued to offer a 25p (25 pence) discount to customers who brought their own reusable cups.
The government agrees plastic waste is a problem and will consider taxing disposable (一次性的) plastics. The committee’s chair, Mary Creagh, said, “The UK throws away 2.5 billion disposable coffee cups every year. Almost none are recycled. Coffee cup producers and shops haven’t taken action to change this. So we need to kick-start a change in recycling.”
The Liberal Democrats said they had been suggesting a charge on coffee cups since September 2016. The party’s spokesman, Tim Farron, said, “The result is clear that the tax works. The 5p charge on plastic bags has largely cut down the usage and helped protect our environment.”
The 5p tax is being against by the makers of paper cups. Mike Tuner, of the Paper Cup Alliance, said paper cups were the safest solution for drinks. “The paper cups we produce in the UK can be recycled, and are being recycled. We are trying to increase recycling rates. Taxing the morning coffee run won’t solve the problem, but it will hurt consumers,” he said.
Disposable coffee cups are technically recyclable, but most are not because the UK has just three machines that can split the paper and plastic parts for recycling. The committee has called on the government to require coffee cups from cafes without in-store recycling systems to carry “not recycled” marks to remind customers. Cafes with in-store recycling systems should print their cups with “recyclable in store only”.
46. About the throwaway cups, Starbucks will ________.
A. offer a half-price discount to customers with their own cups
B. support the idea of forbidding throwaway cups till 2023
C. charge customers 5p per throwaway cup in some shops
D. stop to offer throwaway cups in its shops right now
47. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A. Coffee cup makers will take action to recycle the water.
B The use of the disposable plastics is a nationwide problem.
C. Coffee cup users pay much attention to the plastic problem.
D. The UK government will ban all disposable coffee cups by 2023.
48. What will be the result of introducing a charge for disposable coffee cups, in Tim Farron’s opinion?
A. More people will fight against the charge.
B. There will be little change in our environment.
C. Fewer people will use the disposable coffee cups.
D. There will be a competition between coffee shops.
49. According to Mike Turner, taxing the paper coffee cups ________.
A. will be supported by the makers of the paper cups
B. will affect the consumers instead of solving the problem
C. can give a hand to increasing recycling rates of the makers
D. can be the best solution for the government to cut down waste
50. What’s the real problem about disposable coffee cups’ recycling in the UK?
A. There are not enough professionals in this area.
B. There is not enough professional equipment.
C. Consumers don’t have recycling knowledge.
D. Cafes don’t have recycling systems at all.
【答案】46. C 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍为了解决塑料垃圾问题英国拟对一次性咖啡杯征税，专家对此举有不同看法，并指真正的问题所在。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a result, Starbucks said it would try out a 5p (5 pence) cup charge in 20 to 25 central London shops.(因此，星巴克表示将在伦敦市中心的20至25家门店试行5便士的杯子收费)”可知，星巴克将在一些商店对每只一次性杯子向顾客收取5便士。故选C。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“The committee’s chair, Mary Creagh, said, “The UK throws away 2.5 billion disposable coffee cups every year. Almost none are recycled. Coffee cup producers and shops haven’t taken action to change this. So we need to kick-start a change in recycling.”(该委员会主席Mary Creagh说：“英国每年扔掉25亿个一次性咖啡杯。几乎没有一个是回收的。咖啡杯生产商和商店还没有采取行动来改变这一点。因此，我们需要开始在回收利用方面做出改变。”)”可知，在英国一次性塑料的使用是一个全国性的问题。故选B。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“The party’s spokesman, Tim Farron, said, “The result is clear that the tax works. The 5p charge on plastic bags has largely cut down the usage and helped protect our environment.”(该党发言人Tim Farron表示：“结果很清楚，这项税收是有效的。对塑料袋收取5便士的费用在很大程度上减少了使用量，有助于保护我们的环境。”)”推知，鉴于对塑料袋征税的情况Tim Farron认为对一次性杯子征税后会有更少的人使用一次性咖啡杯。故选C。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Mike Tuner说的话“Taxing the morning coffee run won’t solve the problem, but it will hurt consumers(对早上的咖啡供应征税并不能解决问题，但会伤害消费者)”可知，Mike Tuner认为对一次性咖啡杯征税只会影响消费者，不能解决问题。故选B。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Disposable coffee cups are technically recyclable, but most are not because the UK has just three machines that can split the paper and plastic parts for recycling. (一次性咖啡杯在技术上是可回收的，但大多数没有被回收，因为英国只有三台机器可以将纸和塑料部分分开回收)”可知，在英国一次性咖啡杯回收的真正问题是没有足够的专业设备。故选B。
D
Nearly all parents want to raise confident children who believe strongly in their own abilities, but how exactly do you encourage your children to see themselves as intelligent and competent? Will calling your children “smart” help to improve confidence?
Research clearly shows that praising children for being “smart” is associated with more negative consequences than praising children for their effort. First, research finds that when children are praised for being “smart,” they tend to be less interested in the learning itself and more interested in the performance of themselves and others, as compared to children who are praised for their effort. In addition, when faced with failure, children praised for being “smart” tend to blame their failure on not being smart enough and are then more likely to just give up.
Children praised for “hard work” tend to conclude that they simply need to work harder when they fail, and thus they are more likely to be persistent. Children who are praised for being “smart” also tend to see intelligence as something they can’t change, while children praised for “hard work” are more motivated to keep learning or trying to do better.
Praising children for being “smart” may even promote cheating. Research finds that children who are referred to as “smart” are more likely to cheat than children praised for their performance (“You did very well this time.”), or not praised at all. The researchers guess that children who are called “smart” feel pressured to uphold this reputation so they cheat to make sure that their performance is consistent with being “smart”.
So try not to refer to your child as “smart” or any label that refers to their abilities. Research consistently finds that this type of “person praise” has a negative impact on motivation and persistence. Instead, praise children for their hard work and effort. You can also praise them for their focus on a task, persistence in something difficult, or the strategy they use, so instead of saying, “Wow, you are so smart,” try saying, “What a great idea to build a strong base for your tower before you started building!”
51. What is the finding of the research?
A. Praising children for their effort benefits them in many ways.
B. Calling children “smart” helps improve confidence.
C. Children praised for being “smart” tend to fail.
D. Intelligence is something that we can change.
52. Why are children called “smart” more likely to cheat?
A. They are more persistent when faced with failure.
B. They are more interested in performance than in learning.
C. They believe intelligence is something that can’t be changed.
D. They feel the need to maintain their reputation as being “smart”.
53. Which of the following would the author agree with in praising children?
A. You are so good at math.
B. Wow, you are so excellent.
C. I love it when you challenge yourself with reading.
D. You are a talented singer and can easily outperform most others.
54. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The negative consequences of praising children for being “smart”.
B. The relationship between “smart” praise and cheating in children.
C. The strategies of praising children for their hard work and effort.
D. The benefits of praising children for their persistence and focus.
55. What message does the author want to convey in the passage?
A. Calling a child “smart” may not be beneficial for him.
B. Children praised for being “smart” perform better.
C. Praise can make children more confident.
D. Parents should praise their children less.
【答案】51. A 52. D 53. C 54. C 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出表扬孩子“聪明”比表扬孩子努力带来更多的负面后果，建议家长表扬孩子的努力、专注、坚持等。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Children praised for “hard work” tend to conclude that they simply need to work harder when they fail, and thus they are more likely to be persistent. Children who are praised for being “smart” also tend to see intelligence as something they can’t change, while children praised for “hard work” are more motivated to keep learning or trying to do better.(那些被称赞“努力”的孩子往往会认为，他们只是需要在失败时更加努力，因此他们更有可能坚持不懈。被称赞为“聪明”的孩子也倾向于认为智力是他们无法改变的，而被称赞为“努力学习”的孩子更有动力继续学习或努力做得更好)”可知，表扬孩子“努力”在很多方面都对孩子有好处。故选A。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The researchers guess that children who are called “smart” feel pressured to uphold this reputation so they cheat to make sure that their performance is consistent with being “smart”.(研究人员猜测，那些被称为“聪明”的孩子迫于压力要保持这种声誉，所以他们会作弊，以确保他们的表现与“聪明”相符)”可知，那些被称赞“聪明”的孩子更有可能作弊，是因为他们觉得有必要保持自己“聪明”的声誉。故选D。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Instead, praise children for their hard work and effort. You can also praise them for their focus on a task, persistence in something difficult, or the strategy they use, so instead of saying, “Wow, you are so smart,” try saying, “What a great idea to build a strong base for your tower before you started building!”(相反，要表扬孩子的努力。你也可以赞扬他们对一项任务的专注，对困难的坚持，或者他们使用的策略，所以不要说，“哇，你真聪明”，试着说，“在开始建造之前为你的塔建立一个坚固的基础是多么好的主意!”)”可知，作者认为要表扬孩子的努力、专注、坚持、他们使用的策略等。由此推知C项“我喜欢你用阅读挑战自己”是作者赞成的表扬孩子的做法，因为这属于对困难的坚持。故选C。
【54题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Instead, praise children for their hard work and effort. You can also praise them for their focus on a task, persistence in something difficult, or the strategy they use, so instead of saying, “Wow, you are so smart,” try saying, “What a great idea to build a strong base for your tower before you started building!”(相反，要表扬孩子的努力。你也可以赞扬他们对一项任务的专注，对困难的坚持，或者他们使用的策略，所以不要说，“哇，你真聪明”，试着说，“在开始建造之前为你的塔建立一个坚固的基础是多么好的主意!”)”可知，本段主要介绍了表扬孩子努力的策略。故选C。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，并结合第二段的“Research clearly shows that praising children for being “smart” is associated with more negative consequences than praising children for their effort. (研究清楚地表明，表扬孩子“聪明”比表扬孩子的努力带来更多的负面后果)”，第三段的“Children who are praised for being “smart” also tend to see intelligence as something they can’t change(被称赞为“聪明”的孩子也倾向于认为智力是他们无法改变的)”，和第四段的“Praising children for being “smart” may even promote cheating.(表扬孩子“聪明”甚至可能助长作弊行为)”可知，作者通过这篇文章传达的信息是说一个孩子“聪明”可能带来负面后果，即这种做法对孩子没有好处。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷
注意事项：
1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。
2.本卷共6小题，共35分。
第三部分：写作
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
A taxi driver taught me a million-dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Motivational speakers charge thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate executives (企业高管) and staff. It cost me a $12 taxi ride.
I had flown into Dallas for the only purpose of calling on a customer. Time was of the essence and my plan included a quick turnaround trip from and back to the airport. A spotless taxi pulled up.
The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver’s seat, he mentioned that the neatly folded “Wall Street Journal” next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.
Well! I looked around for a “Candid Camera”! Wouldn’t you? I could not believe the service I was receiving! I took the opportunity to say, “Obviously you take great pride in your work. You must have a story to tell.”
“You bet,” he replied, “I used to be in Corporate America. But I got tired of thinking my best would never be good enough. I decided to find my niche in life where I could feel proud of being the best I could be. I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. So I became a taxi driver. One thing I know for sure, to be good in my business I could simply just meet the expectations of my passengers. But, to be GREAT in my business, I have to EXCEED the customer’s expectations! I like both the sound and the return of being ‘great’ better than just getting by on ‘average’”.
56. Why did the author fly to Dallas? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________
57. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean? (1 word)
_____________________________________________________
59. According to the driver’s words in Paragraph 5, what made him become a taxi driver? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________
60. What’s your dream job? And how would you do it to go from “GOOD” to “GREAT”? (no more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________
【答案】56. To call on/ visit a customer.
57. Impressive things the driver did for the author.
58. Job./ Career.
59. His love for driving serving and getting things well done.
60. Open. For example: I want to be a doctor. Besides caring for patients, I want to better my work by learning more and practicing more.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述作者在达拉斯遇到一位热爱自己工作的出租车司机，他的所言所行让作者明白了如何满足顾客的期待，让顾客满意。
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段的“I had flown into Dallas for the only purpose of calling on a customer.(我飞到达拉斯的唯一目的就是去拜访一位顾客)”可知，作者去达拉斯的目的是拜访一位顾客。故答案为To call on/ visit a customer.
【57题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第三段“The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he closed the door. As he got in the driver’s seat, he mentioned that the neatly folded “Wall Street Journal” next to me was for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.(司机冲过来为我打开副驾驶座的门，确保我已经舒服地坐好后，他才关门。当他坐上驾驶座时，他提到我旁边那份叠得整整齐齐的《华尔街日报》是给我用的。然后他给我看了几盘磁带，问我喜欢什么类型的音乐)”可知，第三段讲述司机为作者做的一些令人印象深刻的事情。故答案为Impressive things the driver did for the author.
【58题详解】
考查词句猜测。根据第五段的“I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. So I became a taxi driver. (我知道我永远不会成为一名火箭科学家，但我喜欢开车，喜欢为他人服务，喜欢感觉自己完成了一整天的工作，而且做得很好。所以我成了一名出租车司机)”可知，司机在谈论能让自己感到骄傲并发挥自己所长的工作。由此猜测niche意为“工作”。故答案为Job./ Career.
【59题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段的“I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it well. So I became a taxi driver. (我知道我永远不会成为一名火箭科学家，但我喜欢开车，喜欢为他人服务，喜欢感觉自己完成了一整天的工作，而且做得很好。所以我成了一名出租车司机)”可知，司机认为对驾驶、为他人服务、把事情做好的爱好让他成为了出租车司机。故答案为His love for driving, serving and getting things well done.
【60题详解】
开放性题目。该题为开放性题目，答案符合题目要求和字数即可。例如：I want to be a doctor. Besides caring for patients, I want to better my work by learning more and practicing more.
第二节：书面表达(满分25分)
61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你的英国笔友Chris的学校将要举办一场“Amazing China”中国展活动，在筹备过程中，他写信向你寻求建议。请根据以下提示给他写一封回信。
(1)建议他介绍一种有关中国文化的活动(如中国诗词大会、中国戏曲表演等)；
(2)给出建议该活动的理由；
(3)表达美好祝愿。
注意：
(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
中国诗词大会Chinese Poetry Competition
中国戏曲表演Chinese Opera Performance
Dear Chris,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Jin
【答案】Dear Chris,
Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Competition. It has been successfully held for several times at CCTV.
On the one hand, there are many foreigners interested in ancient Chinese poetry, so I believe this topic will attract the attention of the teachers and students of your school, making them learn more about Chinese traditional culture through this activity. On the other hand, I am very familiar with poetry and can offer you help when necessary.
I sincerely hope that the event will be a successful one. Looking forward to your good news.
Yours,
Li Jin
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生建议英国笔友Chris选择有关中国文化的活动作为“Amazing China”中国展的话题，并给出理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
称为：name→call
推荐：suggest→recommend
对……感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
吸引：attract→appeal to
2.句型拓展
合并句子
原句：Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Competition. It has been successfully held for several times at CCTV.
拓展句：Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Competition, which has been successfully held for several times at CCTV.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Learning that you are preparing for the China Exhibition named “Amazing China”, I’m writing to suggest that you introduce the Chinese Poetry Conference. （运用了that引导的宾语从句和过去分词作定语）
[高分句型2]On the other hand, I am very familiar with poetry and can offer you help when necessary.（运用了状语从句的省略）
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