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2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市部分学校联合体高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市部分学校联合体高一（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市部分学校联合体高一（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
The world's craziest festivals
Crazy festivals all over the world are out there just waiting to be celebrated.Join Cornelia Kumfert on a trip to the most unusual events taking place around the globe.
Burning Man Festival
Every year in Nevada（US）there is artwork and cunosities galore to marvel at when the Black Rock Desert changes into a mammoth art exhibition.
In August and September，some 70，00 people come here to celebrate the Burning Man Festival.
San Diego Comic Con
Surely superheroes don't queue？Well，at San Diego's Comic Convention they do.Each July hey open their dos to fans of Superman and other comic figures.More than 100，000 annual visitors have paid homage to their mythical heroes.
Crying Baby Festival，Tokyo
At the Crying Baby Festival in Tokyo（Japan），sumo wrestlers do what they can to bring babies to tears.
Sadists run riot？Certainly not!It's a 400-year-old tradition based on a Japanese proverb，which says that crying babies grow fastest and parents believe the event brings good health to their children.
Palio Contest，Siena
Fame and honour await the winner of the Palio contest in Siena（Italy）.
In July and August，ten inhabitants of different districts of the city jockey for first place in a spectacular horse race.
The trophy goes to the contestant whose horse crosses the finishing line first-whether he's still in the saddle or not.
1. Which of the festivals offers a view of art？ ______
A. Burning Man Festival. B. Palio Contest，Siena.
C. Crying Baby Festival，Tokyo. D. San Diego Comic Con.
2. How was the festival in Tokyo founded？ ______
A. On the basis of a proverb. B. Based on a phrase.
C. According to a story. D. At the request of the public.
3. What can tourists see in Siena of Italy between July and August？ ______
A. A burning man show. B. A comedy play.
C. A horse race. D. A baby-crying show.
B
It was bad enough when COVID-19 closed schools in Philadelphia, US, in March. Like a lot of students, Makyla Linder,16, found herself getting bored. So she started watching baking videos and shows on TV and online. Soon, she started baking on her own.
Cupcakes and chocolate-covered strawberries were her first creations.
"I tried them on my friends when they came to my house," Linder sad. "I also tried them on my family. They said my creations were good."
For most children, that would have been enough. But Linder had bigger ideas. She asked her mom—what if she started selling her baked goods?
With the help of her mother, Linder got more baking supplies and equipment. She started taking orders online. More people started hearing about her business. Linder also started giving out business cards to make her company more well-know.
She also improved her baking as time went on. She researched new recipes (食谱) and learned good baking skills. She now sells chocolate-covered cookies, chocolate apples and banana pudding. She has some customers who have returned to her several times. They say her prices are good. She charges ＄15 for a dozen cupcakes or cake pops.
When school reopened in September, Linder had to focus more on her studies. "I wanted to do both, but I understand that school is much more important right now," she said. However, she still watches cooking shows to get new ideas for her business.
4. What special thing did Linder do after COVID-19 broke out？
A. She started a baking business.
B. She made her own cooking show.
C. She invited friends over for parties.
D. She gave online baking lessons.
5. What do people think about Linder's creation？
A. They are creative. B. They are delicious.
C. They are well-known. D. They are not big enough.
6. What opinion do her returning customers have?
A. Linder is good at making money.
B. Linder spends a lot of money.
C. Linder's baked goods aren't expensive.
D. Linder's baked goods are too cheap.
7. What do we know from the story？
A. Linder didn't return to school this year.
B. Linder is proud of her studies.
C. Linder will open a new bakery soon.
D. Linder will keep studying baking.
C
From chocolate toothpaste in the Philippines to salt and vinegar potato chips in the UK，products popularin one place often receive a cool reception elsewhere. It of course poses a challenge to food companies seeking to export their brands.
The snack-food company Frito-Lay addresses the issue by discovering the best-loved flavours in each of their markets.So while cheese，spicy chilli and barbecue are popular flavours in the USA，Turkey goes for yogurt.The French prefer olive and Japan likes sushi flavours.But all of them are sold under the globally familiar Doritos brand.Frito-Lay's understanding of local tastes around the world-and the successful adaptation of their product-has made Doritos one of the world's most popular snack foods.
Everyone everywhere loves ice cream，it seems.The Anglo-Dutch food giant Unilever sells it in over 40 countries.The company used to sell their ice cream under a lot of different brands，which created the sensethat the companies were local.In 1998，the company launched the 'Heartbrand' logo （标志） to increase international brand awareness，but kept the familiar local names for the ice cream products.This helped avoidthe problem of some names not sounding good in other languages.So in Bulgaria and Greece，you buy Algida，but in China，Malaysia，Singapore and the UK，it's Wall's.
There are some products that will always remain at home，such as the durian （榴莲），known as the 'the king of fruits' in its homeland of Southeast Asia.The fruit's most notable feature is its strong smell，described by some as that of rotten onions and by others as old gym socks，though it is said to taste deliciousby its fans.Though some durians are grown outside of Southeast Asia，the only place the fruit enjoys any wide popularity at all is in Southeast Asia and even there，some people can't stand it!So don't expect to see durians in your local supermarket any time soon.
8. What does the underlined word "It" in paragraph I refer to？ ______
A. The snack culture. B. The cold welcome.
C. The food preference. D. The global popularity.
9. Why is Frito-Lay so successful？ ______
A. They provide chips of high quality.
B. They make snacks to suit local tastes.
C. They unite markets of different countries.
D. They use advertising to build new brands.
10. What is Unilever's ice cream called in Singapore？ ______
A. Anglo-Dutch. B. Algida. C. Heartbrand. D. Wall's.
11. What is the last paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. Durians' sales dilemma. B. Durians' nutritional value.
C. Durians' smell problems. D. Durians' attractive features.
D
Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many organisms there produce poisonous chemicals to hunters. Divers are now collecting such poisons as drugs for human medicine.
Sharks aren't the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents, creating where the ocean floor drops away, can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater are trained to deal with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventures are greater than the risks.
The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people, too. More than 50 years ago, scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then, researchers have been hunting for more of such useful natural products in the seas.
With the help of underwater robots and small submarines, scientists are searching the seas-from shallow reefs to the ocean's great depths.
Bacteria living in the Arctic's cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of turning food into energy for growth, activities and reproduction is called metabolism（新陈代谢）. These pathways also produce chemicals called "secondary metabolites". One day they also might help people.
During a four-year project called PharmaSeas,scientists made thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of them,researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today's antibiotics（抗生素）cannot kill. Three other newfound chemicals reduce epileptic seizures（癫痫病发作） in mice. Yet another compound may reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
12. Why do sea organisms produce chemicals？ ______
A. To warn themselves in the sea. B. To benefit other creatures.
C. To change their environment. D. To struggle for survival.
13. In what way does Arctic bacteria differ from organisms on land according to the text？ ______
A. Medicinal value. B. The way of hunting.
C. The way of breaking down food. D. Importance to humans.
14. What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？ ______
A. They have the same effects as today's medicine.
B. They have unique functions.
C. They can treat most diseases.
D. They can kill all bacteria.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Diving for New Medicines. B. Threats from the Ocean.
C. Future Sources of Bacteria. D. Danger of Diving in the Sea.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Nowadays，family life has become even more challenging than before.Then，how can we create a happier family life？Let's see some advice.
Enjoy togetherness.When children are babies，parents are advised to spend one-on-one time with their babies.（1） ______ This can be a big mistake since enjoying each other's company（陪伴）is one of the easiest ways for families to create lasting happiness.Parents should regularly spend quality time with their children doing activities together like playing games，sports.
（ 2） ______ Although the Internet has certainly made communication easier，it is still important to have face-to-face time with your family members.Try to avoid using your cell phone so much.（3） ______ Many families have regular meetings where they discuss issues affecting（影响）the family.This can be a great way to start talking face to face.You can talk about your family's values，or how you can work together as a group to solve problems that affect the family.（4） ______
Plan fun activities as a family.This can be something that you do once or twice a month，or even once a week.This can be something as easy as going to the beach，a park，or going on a trip to visit relatives.（5） ______ Doing the activities regularly can help you build stronger relationships with your family members，and relieve（释放）stress that many families feel.
A.Talk more as a family.
B.Let family members talk about activities.
C.But，as children get older，the one-on-one time is reduced.
D.Parents need to help their children manage their daily stress.
E.Make quality conversation with your family members，instead.
F.You can also try simpler ones such as camping overnight in your backyard.
G.Regular communication like this can help you build stronger family relationships.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Smith Justice and his son were coming back from the dentist，when they saw a homeless man in the road.Smith （1） ______ to give the man some money，but didn't have any cash.His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had.But Smith was （2） ______ .He didn't want to give this man just 30 cents since the man （3） ______ needed all the help he could get.Moreover，his own pride and thoughts of the homeless man's unknown （4） ______ to receiving just thirty cents was standing （5） ______ .
Smith told his son what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a （6） ______ in someone's life.But his son insisted.Smith （7） ______ the window and said to the man， "I'm sorry，man.I don't have any （8） ______ on me but my son wants to give you everything he has right now." The homeless man smiled， "God bless you，little man!" At that moment，the only thing （9） ______ the brightness of the man's smile was the bigger smile on the little boy's face.
A chain reaction of kindness （10） ______ behind them that day in Nashville，Tennessee，as other people rolled down their windows to （11） ______ ，too.Smith suddenly （12） ______ that he was the only problem in this situation.He said， "My little boy （13） ______ me by his actions that it's always about the heart.It doesn't （14） ______ how much you have or how little. （15） ______ love and sincerity will often bless others more than we think."
21. A. managed B. promised C. intended D. agreed
22. A. confused B. doubtful C. tense D. hesitant
23. A. normally B. clearly C. secretly D. formally
24. A. reaction B. devotion C. objection D. solution
25. A. out of sight B. out of control C. in the way D. in the charge
26. A. fortune B. difference C. name D. commitment
27. A. rolled down B. reached for C. looked through D. lifted up
28. A. check B. card C. cash D. food
29. A. matching B. replacing C. reflecting D. showing
30. A. changed B. stopped C. remained D. started
31. A. greet B. smile C. chat D. donate
32. A. remembered B. realized C. accepted D. regretted
33. A. reminded B. comforted C. praised D. warned
34. A. help B. work C. mean D. matter
35. A. Returning B. Accepting C. Spreading D. Seeking
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more secrets of the universe.Exploring space is both dangerous and （1） ______ （ challenge），but the desire to explore（2） ______ universe never died.
On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik I satellite （3） ______ （ launch） by the USSR and success fully orbited around Earth.Afterwards，Yuri Gagarin became the first person （4） ______ （ go） into space in the world.On 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying， " That's one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind."
China has made great progress in exploring space since 2003，and successfully sent Yang Liwei into space and orbited Earth in the Shenzhou5 spacecraft，（ 5） ______ （ become） the third country in the world to （6） ______ （ independent） send humans into space.Afterwards，China launched the Tiangong2 space lab into space and Tianzhoul to dock with it，（ 7） ______ signaled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.More recently，China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and （8） ______ （ observe）.
（ 9） ______ the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand（10） ______ the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，是你们班的班长。你们学校将于下个月举办英语戏剧节（The English Dram a Festival），你班将排演短剧Alice in Wonderland。请你根据以下要点给外教Susan写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）约定时间见面；
（2）请她给予指导；
（3）邀请她扮演一个角色；
（4）表达期待。
注意：
（1）词数 80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Susan，
Yours， Li Hua
38. A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom.One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child.The fire spread quickly，and the situation was terrible.
Neighbors called the fire department，then stood helplessly by，unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances.The little girl appeared at an upstairs window，crying for help，just as word spread among the crowd that the fire- fighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire.
Suddenly，a man appeared with a ladder，put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside.When he reappeared，he had the little girl in his arms.He delivered the child to the waiting arms below，then disappeared into the night.
An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives，and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up.
A teacher said she would like to raise the child.She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education.A farmer offered her an upbringing （教养） on his farm.He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying.Others spoke，giving their reasons why it was to the child's advantage to live with them.
Finally，the town's richest resident rose and said， "I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here，plus money and everything that money can buy."
Throughout all this，the child remained silent，her eyes on the floor.
"Does anyone else want to speak？" asked the meeting chairman.A man came forward from the back of the hall.He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1：When he got to the front of the hall，he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms.______
Paragraph 2：When asked her choice，the girl gave people the reasons firmly.______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、A、C
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据Burning Man Festival部分中"Every year in Nevada （US）there is artwork and cunosities galore to marvel at when the Black Rock Desert changes into a mammoth art exhibition. （每年在内华达州（美国），当黑岩沙漠变成一个庞大的艺术展览时，都会有大量的艺术品和珍品让人惊叹。） "可知，在Burning Man Festival这个节日期间可以欣赏到艺术品。故选A。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据Crying Baby Festival，Tokyo部分中"It's a 400-year-old tradition based on a Japanese proverb （它是一个有着 400年传统基于日本的一句谚语而产生的节日）"可知，日本的Crying Baby Festival这一节日来源于谚语。故选A。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据Palio Contest，Siena部分中"In July and August ，ten inhabitants of different districts of the city jockey for first place in a spectacular horse race. （7月和8月，该市不同地区的十名居民在一场壮观的赛马中争夺第一名。）"可知，游客们7、8月在意大利的锡耶纳可以看到赛马。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上几个最疯狂的节日的活动地点及内容。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
4~7.【答案】A、B、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了16岁的Makyla Linder在疫情期间学习了烘焙，并自己创新了几种甜品，开了烘焙店。
1. 细节理解题。根据第五段With the help of her mother, Linder got more baking supplies and equipment. She started taking orders online.（在母亲的帮助下，Linder得到了更多的烘焙用品和设备。她开始在网上接受订单。）可知，Linder做起了烘焙生意。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句They said my creations were good.（他们说我的作品很好）可知，人们认为Linder做的甜品很好吃。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第六段倒数第二句They say her prices are good.（他们说她的价格很好）可知，回头客们觉得Linder售卖的价格不高。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句However, she still watches cooking shows to get new ideas for her business.（然而，她仍在观看烹饪节目，为自己的生意寻找新想法。）可知，Linder为了创新继续学习烹饪。故选D。
8~11.【答案】C、B、D、A
【解析】（1）代词指代题。由本文第一自然段From chocolate toothpaste in the Philippines to salt and vinegar potato chips in the UK，products popular in one place often receive a cool reception elsewhere.It of course poses a challenge to food companies seeking to export their brands.（从菲律宾的巧克力牙膏到英国的盐醋薯片，在一个地方受欢迎的产品在其他地方往往会受到冷遇。这当然给寻求出口品牌的食品公司带来了挑战。）可知It指代的是上文人们对食物的偏爱，即"食物偏好"。A．The snack culture.小吃文化；B．The cold welcome.冷遇；C．The food preference.食物偏好；D．The global popularity.全球受欢迎程度。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。由本文第二自然段中的关键句The snack-food company Frito-Lay addresses the issue by discovering the best-loved flavours in each of their markets.（零食公司Frito-Lay通过在每个市场发现最受欢迎的口味来解决这个问题。）和Frito-Lay's understanding of local tastes around the world-and the successful adaptation of their product-has made Doritos one of the world's most popular snack foods.（Frito-Lay对世界各地当地口味的理解，以及对他们产品的成功调整，使Doritos成为世界上最受欢迎的零食之一。）可知，Frito-Lay如此成功是因为他们制作适合当地口味的小吃。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第三自然段中的关键句Everyone everywhere loves ice cream，it seems.The Anglo-Dutch food giant Unilever sells it in over 40 countries.（似乎世界各地的人都喜欢冰淇淋。英荷食品巨头联合利华在40多个国家销售它。）和So in Bulgaria and Greece，you buy Algida，but in China，Malaysia，Singapore and the UK，it's Wall's.（所以在保加利亚和希腊，你买的是Algida，但在中国、马来西亚、新加坡和英国，你买的是Wall's。）可知，联合利华的冰淇淋在新加坡叫Wall's，故选D。
（4）段落大意题。由本文最后一自然段There are some products that will always remain at home，such as the durian （榴莲），known as the 'the king of fruits' in its homeland of Southeast Asia.The fruit's most notable feature is its strong smell，described by some as that of rotten onions and by others as old gym socks，though it is said to taste deliciousby its fans.Though some durians are grown outside of Southeast Asia，the only place the fruit enjoys any wide popularity at all is in Southeast Asia and even there，some people can't stand it!So don't expect to seedurians in your local supermarket any time soon.（有些产品会永远留在国内，比如榴莲，在它的家乡东南亚被称为"水果之王"。这种水果最显著的特点是它强烈的气味，有人说它闻起来像腐烂的洋葱，也有人说它闻起来像旧运动袜，尽管它的粉丝说它尝起来很美味。虽然有些榴莲也生长在东南亚以外的地区，但这种水果唯一受欢迎的地方就是东南亚，即使在那里，一些人也无法忍受!所以别指望近期能在当地超市看到榴莲。）可知最后一段主要讲的是榴莲的销售困境。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一些食品公司如何应对人们对食物的不同的偏爱的挑战。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、C、B、A
【解析】（1）D. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"But many organisms there produce poisonous chemicals to hunters.（但是那里的许多生物对它们的天敌产生有毒的化学物质）"以及第三段第二三句中"But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people, too.（但海洋中的生物必须适应恶劣的环境。它们为生存而产生的化学物质也可能帮助人类）"可知，海洋生物产生化学物是为了抵御天敌，生存下去。故选D项。
（2）C. 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句"Bacteria living in the Arctic's cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do（与陆地上的生物相比，生活在北极冷水中的细菌分解食物的方式更多的不同）"可知，北极寒冷水域的细菌和陆地上的微生物分解食物的方式不同。故选C项。
（3）B. 推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是第二句"In about a dozen of them, researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today's antibiotics （抗生素） cannot kill.（研究人员在大约12种海底样品发现了可以杀死一些现在的抗生素无法杀死的细菌的混合物）"可推知，来自海底样品的混合物有其独特的功能。A项错在the same effects,与最后一段第二句中的"some of today's antibiotics （抗生素） cannot kill"的表述不符；C、D两项文中未提及。故选B项。
（4）A. 标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句"Divers are now collecting such poisons as drugs for human medicine.（潜水员现在正在收集诸如药物之类的毒药来给人类治病）"是本文主题句，其他段落是详细展开介绍了科学家潜入海底寻找海洋生物释放出的能作为药源的有毒化学物的相关情况。由此可知，Diving for New Medicines（潜水寻找新药物）适合做本文最佳标题。故选A项。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋生物释放的某些有毒化学物质能被用作人类药物的来源，于是科学家潜入海底去寻找这些海洋新药药源。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
16~20.【答案】C、A、E、G、F
【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。根据前文Enjoy togetherness.When children are babies，parents are advised to spend one-on-one time with their babies. （享受团聚。当孩子还是婴儿时，建议父母与孩子一对一相处。）可知，父母和孩子应该多相处，父母应该多陪伴孩子。C.But，as children get older，the one-on-one time is reduced.（但是，随着孩子年龄的增长，一对一的时间减少了。）符合语境，故选C。
（2）标题归纳题。根据后文Although the Internet has certainly made communication easier，it is still important to have face-to-face time with your family members （虽然互联网确实让沟通变得更容易，但与家人面对面交流仍然很重要。）可知，家庭成员之间面对面的交流非常重要。因此A项：Talk more as a family.（作为一个家庭多说话。）能够概括本段主旨，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据前文Try to avoid using your cell phone so much. （尽量避免过度使用手机。）可知，在家庭谈话时要提高谈话的质量，E.Make quality conversation with your family members，instead.（与家人进行高质量的交谈。）符合语境，故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文Many families have regular meetings where they discuss issues affecting （影响） the family.This can be a great way to start talking face to face. （许多家庭定期开会讨论影响家庭的问题。这可能是一个开始面对面交谈的好方法。）可知，定期召开家庭会议是有积极效果的，空格处是积极效果具体体现之一。G.Regular communication like this can help you build stronger family relationships.（像这样的定期沟通可以帮助你建立更牢固的家庭关系。）符合语境，故选G。
（5）细节理解题。根据上文Plan fun activities as a family. （作为一个家庭计划有趣的活动。）可知，这是强调有趣的家庭活动，F.You can also try simpler ones such as camping overnight in your backyard.（你也可以尝试更简单的方式，比如在后院露营过夜。）也是有趣的家庭活动，符合语境。故选F。
本是一篇说明文。根据家庭生活比以前更具挑战性的现象。本文就如何才能创造更幸福的家庭生活作者给了我们一些建议。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】C、D、B、A、C、B、A、C、A、D、D、B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.managed设法；B.promised承诺；C.intended 打算；D.agreed 同意。根据后文"His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had."可知，此处指Smith打算给无家可归的那个人一些钱，故选C。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused 困惑的；B.doubtful 困惑的；C.tense紧张的；D.hesitant犹豫的。根据后文"He didn't want to give this man just 30 cents since the man（3）.needed all the help he could get."可知，此处指Smith犹豫了，因为那个人看起来不仅仅只需要这30分美元，故选D。
（3）考查副词及语境理解。A.normally正常地；B.clearly明显地，清楚地；C.secretly秘密地；D.formally正式地。根据前文"when they saw a homeless man in the road."可知，此处指很明显，这个物价可归的人需要的是更多的帮助，故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.reaction反应；B.devotion贡献；C.objection反对；D.solution解决方法。根据空后"to receiving just thirty cents"可知，此处指无家可归的人收到30分美元的反应，故选A。
（5）考查短语及语境理解。A.out of sight看不见；B.out of control不受控制；C.in the way妨碍，阻碍；D.in the charge由……负责。根据前文"He didn't want to give this man just 30 cents"可知，他本就不想只给他30分美元，故此处指，而且他的自尊也阻碍了他给他30分美元，故选C。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.fortune财富，运气；B.difference不同，差异；C.name名字；D.commitment承诺，献身。根据空前"what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a"可知，此处指人们认为的好事不足以改变一个人的生活，故此处make a difference in one's life改变人的生活，故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.rolled down摇下；B.reached for伸手去够；C.looked through通过……看；D.lifted up抬起。根据后文"as other people rolled down their windows to. （11），too."的提示可知，此处指摇下车窗，故选A。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.check支票；B.card卡，卡片；C.cash现金；D.food食物。根据前文"Smith（1）to give the man some money，but didn't have any cash."可知，此处指Smith身上没有现金，故选C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.matching匹配，配得上；B.replacing替代；C.reflecting反映，思考；D.showing展示，显示。根据空后"the brightness of the man's smile"可知，此处指唯一配得上他灿烂的笑容就是小男孩更灿烂的笑容，故选A。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.changed改变；B.stopped停止；C.remained仍然存在；D.started开始。根据后文"as other people rolled down their windows to （11），too."可知，此处指很多人像他们一样，故指开始了一连串的善举，故选D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.greet打招呼；B.smile微笑；C.chat聊天；D.donate捐赠。根据前文"but my son wants to give you everything he has right now."可知，Smith 的儿子将身上所有的钱都给了那个无家可归的人，故此处指其他人像他们一样，摇下车窗，给路边无家可归的人捐赠一些钱，故选D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.remembered记住；B.realized意识到；C.accepted接受；D.regretted遗憾，后悔。根据后文"that he was the only problem in this situation."可知，此处指Smith意识到，这是他自己的问题，故选B。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.reminded提醒；B.comforted安慰；C.praised表扬；D.warned警告。根据空后"me by his actions that it's always about the heart."可知，此处指儿子通过他的行为提醒Smith，这一些都与心灵有关，故选A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.help有帮助；B.work起作用，生效；C.mean意味着；D.matter有关系，要紧。根据空后"how much you have or how litle."可知，此处指你赠予的是多还是少，这都没关系，故选D。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.Retuning归还；B.Accepting接受；C.Spreading传递，传播；D.Seeking寻找。根据前文"A chain reaction of kindness（10）behind them that day in Nashville，Tennessee，as other people rolled down their windows to（11），too."可知，此处指传递爱和真诚，故选C。
本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了父亲和儿子看到路边无家可归的人时，父亲身上没有现金，儿子想要将身上仅有的30分美元给他，然而父亲却觉得钱少了，但儿子却坚持这么做。最后，父亲明白了，帮助不在于多少，而在于爱和真诚的传递。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
36.【答案】【小题1】challenging
【小题2】the
【小题3】was launched
【小题4】to go
【小题5】becoming
【小题6】independently
【小题7】which
【小题8】observations
【小题9】Despite
【小题10】how
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：探索太空既危险又具有挑战性，但探索宇宙的愿望从未泯灭。空处填形容词与dangerous并列作表语。故填challenging。
（2）考查冠词。句意：探索太空既危险又具有挑战性，但探索宇宙的愿望从未泯灭。universe表示"宇宙"，是独一无二的事物，前面加定冠词the。故填the。
（3）考查时态和语态。句意：1957年10月4日，苏联发射了斯普特尼克1号卫星，成功绕地球轨道运行。根据On 4 October 1957可知事情发生在过去，且卫星是被发射，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was launched。
（4）考查不定式。句意：之后，尤里•加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。the+序数词+sb+to do表示"第几个做某事的人"，是固定搭配。故填to go。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：自2003年以来，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进展，成功地将杨利伟送入太空，并乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地球轨道运行，成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。become这里是非谓语动词，与China之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词。故填becoming。
（6）考查副词。句意：自2003年以来，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进展，成功地将杨利伟送入太空，并乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地球轨道运行，成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。用副词independently修饰动词send。故填independently。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：随后，中国发射了天宫二号空间实验室，并与天舟一号对接，这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。空格后引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面讲述的事件，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（8）考查名词。句意：最近，中国发射了嫦娥四号探测月球背面的表面，进行测量和观测。空处填名词与measurements并列作宾语，observation是可数名词，这里应用复数。故填observations。
（9）考查介词。句意：尽管困难重重，但科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能帮助我们在未来生存得更好。根据句意可知用介词despite表示"尽管"。故填Despite。
（10）考查宾语从句。句意：尽管困难重重，但科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能帮助我们在未来生存得更好。空格后引导宾语从句，根据句意可知用how表示"如何"。故填how。
本文介绍了几个人类探索太空的事例。人类正在探索太空，希望能发现更多的宇宙秘密。探索太空既是危险的，也是挑战，但探索宇宙的愿望从未停止。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear Susan，
I'm Li Hua.The English Drama Festival will be held in our school next month and I'm writing to ask a favor of you.（点明主题）
As you know，my classmates and I plan to put on a play named "Alice in Wonderland".We are wondering whether you could give us some advice to better our play.【高分句型一】（请她给予指导）Could we meet up to talk about it this Friday afternoon if you are available？（约定时间见面）If possible，we'd like to invite you to play a role in it.【高分句型二】With you taking part，our performance will be definitely more impressive.（邀请她扮演一个角色）
I would highly appreciate it if you could offer your kind help .We can hardly wait to hear from you.（表达期待）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：We are wondering whether you could give us some advice to better our play.
翻译：我们想知道你能否给我们一些建议，让我们的演出更好。
分析：本句使用了whether引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：If possible，we'd like to invite you to play a role in it.
翻译：如果可能的话，我们想邀请你参与其中。
分析：本句使用了if引导的条件状语从句的省略。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：When he got to the front of the room ，he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms.His hands and arms were terribly injured.Without thinking ，the little girl threw her arms around the man's neck.She buried her face in his shoulder and cried for a while.Then she looked up and smiled，saying happily she would live with him.【高分句型一】（小女孩见到救命恩人，信任感动，快乐地选择了他）
Paragraph 2：When asked about her choice ，the girl gave people the reasons firmly.She said that she really wanted to get a good education.She also knew that money meant a lot to her since she had no family to rely on.But ，it's the man who saved her life when she was facing the big fire.Without him，she wouldn't be here.She sincerely hoped that she could do whatever she could to pay back his kindness.【高分句型二】（小女孩陈述选择的理由，真诚地希望报答救命恩情）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了一个父母双亡跟着祖母生活的小女孩，在火灾中又失去了祖母，一个勇敢的人挽救了女孩的生命。事故后，在决定由谁来收养这个孩子的过程中，小女孩最终选择了她的救命恩人的故事。
高分句型一：Then she looked up and smiled，saying happily she would live with him.
译文：然后她抬起头微笑着说她很高兴能和他住在一起。
分析：这句话使用现在分词短语saying happily she would live with him作状语。
高分句型二：She sincerely hoped that she could do whatever she could to pay back his kindness.
译文：她真诚地希望她能尽一切努力报答他的好意。
分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句，whatever引导宾语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市部分学校联合体高一（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
The world's craziest festivals
Crazy festivals all over the world are out there just waiting to be celebrated.Join Cornelia Kumfert on a trip to the most unusual events taking place around the globe.
Burning Man Festival
Every year in Nevada（US）there is artwork and cunosities galore to marvel at when the Black Rock Desert changes into a mammoth art exhibition.
In August and September，some 70，00 people come here to celebrate the Burning Man Festival.
San Diego Comic Con
Surely superheroes don't queue？Well，at San Diego's Comic Convention they do.Each July hey open their dos to fans of Superman and other comic figures.More than 100，000 annual visitors have paid homage to their mythical heroes.
Crying Baby Festival，Tokyo
At the Crying Baby Festival in Tokyo（Japan），sumo wrestlers do what they can to bring babies to tears.
Sadists run riot？Certainly not!It's a 400-year-old tradition based on a Japanese proverb，which says that crying babies grow fastest and parents believe the event brings good health to their children.
Palio Contest，Siena
Fame and honour await the winner of the Palio contest in Siena（Italy）.
In July and August，ten inhabitants of different districts of the city jockey for first place in a spectacular horse race.
The trophy goes to the contestant whose horse crosses the finishing line first-whether he's still in the saddle or not.
1. Which of the festivals offers a view of art？ ______
A. Burning Man Festival. B. Palio Contest，Siena.
C. Crying Baby Festival，Tokyo. D. San Diego Comic Con.
2. How was the festival in Tokyo founded？ ______
A. On the basis of a proverb. B. Based on a phrase.
C. According to a story. D. At the request of the public.
3. What can tourists see in Siena of Italy between July and August？ ______
A. A burning man show. B. A comedy play.
C. A horse race. D. A baby-crying show.
B
It was bad enough when COVID-19 closed schools in Philadelphia, US, in March. Like a lot of students, Makyla Linder,16, found herself getting bored. So she started watching baking videos and shows on TV and online. Soon, she started baking on her own.
Cupcakes and chocolate-covered strawberries were her first creations.
"I tried them on my friends when they came to my house," Linder sad. "I also tried them on my family. They said my creations were good."
For most children, that would have been enough. But Linder had bigger ideas. She asked her mom—what if she started selling her baked goods?
With the help of her mother, Linder got more baking supplies and equipment. She started taking orders online. More people started hearing about her business. Linder also started giving out business cards to make her company more well-know.
She also improved her baking as time went on. She researched new recipes (食谱) and learned good baking skills. She now sells chocolate-covered cookies, chocolate apples and banana pudding. She has some customers who have returned to her several times. They say her prices are good. She charges ＄15 for a dozen cupcakes or cake pops.
When school reopened in September, Linder had to focus more on her studies. "I wanted to do both, but I understand that school is much more important right now," she said. However, she still watches cooking shows to get new ideas for her business.
4. What special thing did Linder do after COVID-19 broke out？
A. She started a baking business.
B. She made her own cooking show.
C. She invited friends over for parties.
D. She gave online baking lessons.
5. What do people think about Linder's creation？
A. They are creative. B. They are delicious.
C. They are well-known. D. They are not big enough.
6. What opinion do her returning customers have?
A. Linder is good at making money.
B. Linder spends a lot of money.
C. Linder's baked goods aren't expensive.
D. Linder's baked goods are too cheap.
7. What do we know from the story？
A. Linder didn't return to school this year.
B. Linder is proud of her studies.
C. Linder will open a new bakery soon.
D. Linder will keep studying baking.
C
From chocolate toothpaste in the Philippines to salt and vinegar potato chips in the UK，products popularin one place often receive a cool reception elsewhere. It of course poses a challenge to food companies seeking to export their brands.
The snack-food company Frito-Lay addresses the issue by discovering the best-loved flavours in each of their markets.So while cheese，spicy chilli and barbecue are popular flavours in the USA，Turkey goes for yogurt.The French prefer olive and Japan likes sushi flavours.But all of them are sold under the globally familiar Doritos brand.Frito-Lay's understanding of local tastes around the world-and the successful adaptation of their product-has made Doritos one of the world's most popular snack foods.
Everyone everywhere loves ice cream，it seems.The Anglo-Dutch food giant Unilever sells it in over 40 countries.The company used to sell their ice cream under a lot of different brands，which created the sensethat the companies were local.In 1998，the company launched the 'Heartbrand' logo （标志） to increase international brand awareness，but kept the familiar local names for the ice cream products.This helped avoidthe problem of some names not sounding good in other languages.So in Bulgaria and Greece，you buy Algida，but in China，Malaysia，Singapore and the UK，it's Wall's.
There are some products that will always remain at home，such as the durian （榴莲），known as the 'the king of fruits' in its homeland of Southeast Asia.The fruit's most notable feature is its strong smell，described by some as that of rotten onions and by others as old gym socks，though it is said to taste deliciousby its fans.Though some durians are grown outside of Southeast Asia，the only place the fruit enjoys any wide popularity at all is in Southeast Asia and even there，some people can't stand it!So don't expect to see durians in your local supermarket any time soon.
8. What does the underlined word "It" in paragraph I refer to？ ______
A. The snack culture. B. The cold welcome.
C. The food preference. D. The global popularity.
9. Why is Frito-Lay so successful？ ______
A. They provide chips of high quality.
B. They make snacks to suit local tastes.
C. They unite markets of different countries.
D. They use advertising to build new brands.
10. What is Unilever's ice cream called in Singapore？ ______
A. Anglo-Dutch. B. Algida. C. Heartbrand. D. Wall's.
11. What is the last paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. Durians' sales dilemma. B. Durians' nutritional value.
C. Durians' smell problems. D. Durians' attractive features.
D
Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many organisms there produce poisonous chemicals to hunters. Divers are now collecting such poisons as drugs for human medicine.
Sharks aren't the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents, creating where the ocean floor drops away, can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater are trained to deal with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventures are greater than the risks.
The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people, too. More than 50 years ago, scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then, researchers have been hunting for more of such useful natural products in the seas.
With the help of underwater robots and small submarines, scientists are searching the seas-from shallow reefs to the ocean's great depths.
Bacteria living in the Arctic's cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of turning food into energy for growth, activities and reproduction is called metabolism（新陈代谢）. These pathways also produce chemicals called "secondary metabolites". One day they also might help people.
During a four-year project called PharmaSeas,scientists made thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of them,researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today's antibiotics（抗生素）cannot kill. Three other newfound chemicals reduce epileptic seizures（癫痫病发作） in mice. Yet another compound may reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
12. Why do sea organisms produce chemicals？ ______
A. To warn themselves in the sea. B. To benefit other creatures.
C. To change their environment. D. To struggle for survival.
13. In what way does Arctic bacteria differ from organisms on land according to the text？ ______
A. Medicinal value. B. The way of hunting.
C. The way of breaking down food. D. Importance to humans.
14. What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？ ______
A. They have the same effects as today's medicine.
B. They have unique functions.
C. They can treat most diseases.
D. They can kill all bacteria.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Diving for New Medicines. B. Threats from the Ocean.
C. Future Sources of Bacteria. D. Danger of Diving in the Sea.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Nowadays，family life has become even more challenging than before.Then，how can we create a happier family life？Let's see some advice.
Enjoy togetherness.When children are babies，parents are advised to spend one-on-one time with their babies.（1） ______ This can be a big mistake since enjoying each other's company（陪伴）is one of the easiest ways for families to create lasting happiness.Parents should regularly spend quality time with their children doing activities together like playing games，sports.
（ 2） ______ Although the Internet has certainly made communication easier，it is still important to have face-to-face time with your family members.Try to avoid using your cell phone so much.（3） ______ Many families have regular meetings where they discuss issues affecting（影响）the family.This can be a great way to start talking face to face.You can talk about your family's values，or how you can work together as a group to solve problems that affect the family.（4） ______
Plan fun activities as a family.This can be something that you do once or twice a month，or even once a week.This can be something as easy as going to the beach，a park，or going on a trip to visit relatives.（5） ______ Doing the activities regularly can help you build stronger relationships with your family members，and relieve（释放）stress that many families feel.
A.Talk more as a family.
B.Let family members talk about activities.
C.But，as children get older，the one-on-one time is reduced.
D.Parents need to help their children manage their daily stress.
E.Make quality conversation with your family members，instead.
F.You can also try simpler ones such as camping overnight in your backyard.
G.Regular communication like this can help you build stronger family relationships.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
Smith Justice and his son were coming back from the dentist，when they saw a homeless man in the road.Smith （1） ______ to give the man some money，but didn't have any cash.His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had.But Smith was （2） ______ .He didn't want to give this man just 30 cents since the man （3） ______ needed all the help he could get.Moreover，his own pride and thoughts of the homeless man's unknown （4） ______ to receiving just thirty cents was standing （5） ______ .
Smith told his son what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a （6） ______ in someone's life.But his son insisted.Smith （7） ______ the window and said to the man， "I'm sorry，man.I don't have any （8） ______ on me but my son wants to give you everything he has right now." The homeless man smiled， "God bless you，little man!" At that moment，the only thing （9） ______ the brightness of the man's smile was the bigger smile on the little boy's face.
A chain reaction of kindness （10） ______ behind them that day in Nashville，Tennessee，as other people rolled down their windows to （11） ______ ，too.Smith suddenly （12） ______ that he was the only problem in this situation.He said， "My little boy （13） ______ me by his actions that it's always about the heart.It doesn't （14） ______ how much you have or how little. （15） ______ love and sincerity will often bless others more than we think."
21. A. managed B. promised C. intended D. agreed
22. A. confused B. doubtful C. tense D. hesitant
23. A. normally B. clearly C. secretly D. formally
24. A. reaction B. devotion C. objection D. solution
25. A. out of sight B. out of control C. in the way D. in the charge
26. A. fortune B. difference C. name D. commitment
27. A. rolled down B. reached for C. looked through D. lifted up
28. A. check B. card C. cash D. food
29. A. matching B. replacing C. reflecting D. showing
30. A. changed B. stopped C. remained D. started
31. A. greet B. smile C. chat D. donate
32. A. remembered B. realized C. accepted D. regretted
33. A. reminded B. comforted C. praised D. warned
34. A. help B. work C. mean D. matter
35. A. Returning B. Accepting C. Spreading D. Seeking
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more secrets of the universe.Exploring space is both dangerous and （1） ______ （ challenge），but the desire to explore（2） ______ universe never died.
On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik I satellite （3） ______ （ launch） by the USSR and success fully orbited around Earth.Afterwards，Yuri Gagarin became the first person （4） ______ （ go） into space in the world.On 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，famously saying， " That's one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind."
China has made great progress in exploring space since 2003，and successfully sent Yang Liwei into space and orbited Earth in the Shenzhou5 spacecraft，（ 5） ______ （ become） the third country in the world to （6） ______ （ independent） send humans into space.Afterwards，China launched the Tiangong2 space lab into space and Tianzhoul to dock with it，（ 7） ______ signaled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future.More recently，China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and （8） ______ （ observe）.
（ 9） ______ the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand（10） ______ the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，是你们班的班长。你们学校将于下个月举办英语戏剧节（The English Dram a Festival），你班将排演短剧Alice in Wonderland。请你根据以下要点给外教Susan写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）约定时间见面；
（2）请她给予指导；
（3）邀请她扮演一个角色；
（4）表达期待。
注意：
（1）词数 80左右；
（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Susan，
Yours， Li Hua
38. A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom.One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child.The fire spread quickly，and the situation was terrible.
Neighbors called the fire department，then stood helplessly by，unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances.The little girl appeared at an upstairs window，crying for help，just as word spread among the crowd that the fire- fighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire.
Suddenly，a man appeared with a ladder，put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside.When he reappeared，he had the little girl in his arms.He delivered the child to the waiting arms below，then disappeared into the night.
An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives，and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up.
A teacher said she would like to raise the child.She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education.A farmer offered her an upbringing （教养） on his farm.He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying.Others spoke，giving their reasons why it was to the child's advantage to live with them.
Finally，the town's richest resident rose and said， "I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here，plus money and everything that money can buy."
Throughout all this，the child remained silent，her eyes on the floor.
"Does anyone else want to speak？" asked the meeting chairman.A man came forward from the back of the hall.He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
Paragraph 1：When he got to the front of the hall，he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms.______
Paragraph 2：When asked her choice，the girl gave people the reasons firmly.______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、A、C
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据Burning Man Festival部分中"Every year in Nevada （US）there is artwork and cunosities galore to marvel at when the Black Rock Desert changes into a mammoth art exhibition. （每年在内华达州（美国），当黑岩沙漠变成一个庞大的艺术展览时，都会有大量的艺术品和珍品让人惊叹。） "可知，在Burning Man Festival这个节日期间可以欣赏到艺术品。故选A。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据Crying Baby Festival，Tokyo部分中"It's a 400-year-old tradition based on a Japanese proverb （它是一个有着 400年传统基于日本的一句谚语而产生的节日）"可知，日本的Crying Baby Festival这一节日来源于谚语。故选A。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据Palio Contest，Siena部分中"In July and August ，ten inhabitants of different districts of the city jockey for first place in a spectacular horse race. （7月和8月，该市不同地区的十名居民在一场壮观的赛马中争夺第一名。）"可知，游客们7、8月在意大利的锡耶纳可以看到赛马。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上几个最疯狂的节日的活动地点及内容。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
4~7.【答案】A、B、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了16岁的Makyla Linder在疫情期间学习了烘焙，并自己创新了几种甜品，开了烘焙店。
1. 细节理解题。根据第五段With the help of her mother, Linder got more baking supplies and equipment. She started taking orders online.（在母亲的帮助下，Linder得到了更多的烘焙用品和设备。她开始在网上接受订单。）可知，Linder做起了烘焙生意。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句They said my creations were good.（他们说我的作品很好）可知，人们认为Linder做的甜品很好吃。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第六段倒数第二句They say her prices are good.（他们说她的价格很好）可知，回头客们觉得Linder售卖的价格不高。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句However, she still watches cooking shows to get new ideas for her business.（然而，她仍在观看烹饪节目，为自己的生意寻找新想法。）可知，Linder为了创新继续学习烹饪。故选D。
8~11.【答案】C、B、D、A
【解析】（1）代词指代题。由本文第一自然段From chocolate toothpaste in the Philippines to salt and vinegar potato chips in the UK，products popular in one place often receive a cool reception elsewhere.It of course poses a challenge to food companies seeking to export their brands.（从菲律宾的巧克力牙膏到英国的盐醋薯片，在一个地方受欢迎的产品在其他地方往往会受到冷遇。这当然给寻求出口品牌的食品公司带来了挑战。）可知It指代的是上文人们对食物的偏爱，即"食物偏好"。A．The snack culture.小吃文化；B．The cold welcome.冷遇；C．The food preference.食物偏好；D．The global popularity.全球受欢迎程度。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。由本文第二自然段中的关键句The snack-food company Frito-Lay addresses the issue by discovering the best-loved flavours in each of their markets.（零食公司Frito-Lay通过在每个市场发现最受欢迎的口味来解决这个问题。）和Frito-Lay's understanding of local tastes around the world-and the successful adaptation of their product-has made Doritos one of the world's most popular snack foods.（Frito-Lay对世界各地当地口味的理解，以及对他们产品的成功调整，使Doritos成为世界上最受欢迎的零食之一。）可知，Frito-Lay如此成功是因为他们制作适合当地口味的小吃。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第三自然段中的关键句Everyone everywhere loves ice cream，it seems.The Anglo-Dutch food giant Unilever sells it in over 40 countries.（似乎世界各地的人都喜欢冰淇淋。英荷食品巨头联合利华在40多个国家销售它。）和So in Bulgaria and Greece，you buy Algida，but in China，Malaysia，Singapore and the UK，it's Wall's.（所以在保加利亚和希腊，你买的是Algida，但在中国、马来西亚、新加坡和英国，你买的是Wall's。）可知，联合利华的冰淇淋在新加坡叫Wall's，故选D。
（4）段落大意题。由本文最后一自然段There are some products that will always remain at home，such as the durian （榴莲），known as the 'the king of fruits' in its homeland of Southeast Asia.The fruit's most notable feature is its strong smell，described by some as that of rotten onions and by others as old gym socks，though it is said to taste deliciousby its fans.Though some durians are grown outside of Southeast Asia，the only place the fruit enjoys any wide popularity at all is in Southeast Asia and even there，some people can't stand it!So don't expect to seedurians in your local supermarket any time soon.（有些产品会永远留在国内，比如榴莲，在它的家乡东南亚被称为"水果之王"。这种水果最显著的特点是它强烈的气味，有人说它闻起来像腐烂的洋葱，也有人说它闻起来像旧运动袜，尽管它的粉丝说它尝起来很美味。虽然有些榴莲也生长在东南亚以外的地区，但这种水果唯一受欢迎的地方就是东南亚，即使在那里，一些人也无法忍受!所以别指望近期能在当地超市看到榴莲。）可知最后一段主要讲的是榴莲的销售困境。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一些食品公司如何应对人们对食物的不同的偏爱的挑战。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、C、B、A
【解析】（1）D. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"But many organisms there produce poisonous chemicals to hunters.（但是那里的许多生物对它们的天敌产生有毒的化学物质）"以及第三段第二三句中"But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people, too.（但海洋中的生物必须适应恶劣的环境。它们为生存而产生的化学物质也可能帮助人类）"可知，海洋生物产生化学物是为了抵御天敌，生存下去。故选D项。
（2）C. 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句"Bacteria living in the Arctic's cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do（与陆地上的生物相比，生活在北极冷水中的细菌分解食物的方式更多的不同）"可知，北极寒冷水域的细菌和陆地上的微生物分解食物的方式不同。故选C项。
（3）B. 推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是第二句"In about a dozen of them, researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today's antibiotics （抗生素） cannot kill.（研究人员在大约12种海底样品发现了可以杀死一些现在的抗生素无法杀死的细菌的混合物）"可推知，来自海底样品的混合物有其独特的功能。A项错在the same effects,与最后一段第二句中的"some of today's antibiotics （抗生素） cannot kill"的表述不符；C、D两项文中未提及。故选B项。
（4）A. 标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句"Divers are now collecting such poisons as drugs for human medicine.（潜水员现在正在收集诸如药物之类的毒药来给人类治病）"是本文主题句，其他段落是详细展开介绍了科学家潜入海底寻找海洋生物释放出的能作为药源的有毒化学物的相关情况。由此可知，Diving for New Medicines（潜水寻找新药物）适合做本文最佳标题。故选A项。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋生物释放的某些有毒化学物质能被用作人类药物的来源，于是科学家潜入海底去寻找这些海洋新药药源。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
16~20.【答案】C、A、E、G、F
【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。根据前文Enjoy togetherness.When children are babies，parents are advised to spend one-on-one time with their babies. （享受团聚。当孩子还是婴儿时，建议父母与孩子一对一相处。）可知，父母和孩子应该多相处，父母应该多陪伴孩子。C.But，as children get older，the one-on-one time is reduced.（但是，随着孩子年龄的增长，一对一的时间减少了。）符合语境，故选C。
（2）标题归纳题。根据后文Although the Internet has certainly made communication easier，it is still important to have face-to-face time with your family members （虽然互联网确实让沟通变得更容易，但与家人面对面交流仍然很重要。）可知，家庭成员之间面对面的交流非常重要。因此A项：Talk more as a family.（作为一个家庭多说话。）能够概括本段主旨，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据前文Try to avoid using your cell phone so much. （尽量避免过度使用手机。）可知，在家庭谈话时要提高谈话的质量，E.Make quality conversation with your family members，instead.（与家人进行高质量的交谈。）符合语境，故选E。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文Many families have regular meetings where they discuss issues affecting （影响） the family.This can be a great way to start talking face to face. （许多家庭定期开会讨论影响家庭的问题。这可能是一个开始面对面交谈的好方法。）可知，定期召开家庭会议是有积极效果的，空格处是积极效果具体体现之一。G.Regular communication like this can help you build stronger family relationships.（像这样的定期沟通可以帮助你建立更牢固的家庭关系。）符合语境，故选G。
（5）细节理解题。根据上文Plan fun activities as a family. （作为一个家庭计划有趣的活动。）可知，这是强调有趣的家庭活动，F.You can also try simpler ones such as camping overnight in your backyard.（你也可以尝试更简单的方式，比如在后院露营过夜。）也是有趣的家庭活动，符合语境。故选F。
本是一篇说明文。根据家庭生活比以前更具挑战性的现象。本文就如何才能创造更幸福的家庭生活作者给了我们一些建议。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。
21~35.【答案】C、D、B、A、C、B、A、C、A、D、D、B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.managed设法；B.promised承诺；C.intended 打算；D.agreed 同意。根据后文"His son suggested giving the man the 30 cents he had."可知，此处指Smith打算给无家可归的那个人一些钱，故选C。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused 困惑的；B.doubtful 困惑的；C.tense紧张的；D.hesitant犹豫的。根据后文"He didn't want to give this man just 30 cents since the man（3）.needed all the help he could get."可知，此处指Smith犹豫了，因为那个人看起来不仅仅只需要这30分美元，故选D。
（3）考查副词及语境理解。A.normally正常地；B.clearly明显地，清楚地；C.secretly秘密地；D.formally正式地。根据前文"when they saw a homeless man in the road."可知，此处指很明显，这个物价可归的人需要的是更多的帮助，故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.reaction反应；B.devotion贡献；C.objection反对；D.solution解决方法。根据空后"to receiving just thirty cents"可知，此处指无家可归的人收到30分美元的反应，故选A。
（5）考查短语及语境理解。A.out of sight看不见；B.out of control不受控制；C.in the way妨碍，阻碍；D.in the charge由……负责。根据前文"He didn't want to give this man just 30 cents"可知，他本就不想只给他30分美元，故此处指，而且他的自尊也阻碍了他给他30分美元，故选C。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.fortune财富，运气；B.difference不同，差异；C.name名字；D.commitment承诺，献身。根据空前"what people saw as a good thing was not good enough to make a"可知，此处指人们认为的好事不足以改变一个人的生活，故此处make a difference in one's life改变人的生活，故选B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.rolled down摇下；B.reached for伸手去够；C.looked through通过……看；D.lifted up抬起。根据后文"as other people rolled down their windows to. （11），too."的提示可知，此处指摇下车窗，故选A。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.check支票；B.card卡，卡片；C.cash现金；D.food食物。根据前文"Smith（1）to give the man some money，but didn't have any cash."可知，此处指Smith身上没有现金，故选C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.matching匹配，配得上；B.replacing替代；C.reflecting反映，思考；D.showing展示，显示。根据空后"the brightness of the man's smile"可知，此处指唯一配得上他灿烂的笑容就是小男孩更灿烂的笑容，故选A。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.changed改变；B.stopped停止；C.remained仍然存在；D.started开始。根据后文"as other people rolled down their windows to （11），too."可知，此处指很多人像他们一样，故指开始了一连串的善举，故选D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.greet打招呼；B.smile微笑；C.chat聊天；D.donate捐赠。根据前文"but my son wants to give you everything he has right now."可知，Smith 的儿子将身上所有的钱都给了那个无家可归的人，故此处指其他人像他们一样，摇下车窗，给路边无家可归的人捐赠一些钱，故选D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.remembered记住；B.realized意识到；C.accepted接受；D.regretted遗憾，后悔。根据后文"that he was the only problem in this situation."可知，此处指Smith意识到，这是他自己的问题，故选B。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.reminded提醒；B.comforted安慰；C.praised表扬；D.warned警告。根据空后"me by his actions that it's always about the heart."可知，此处指儿子通过他的行为提醒Smith，这一些都与心灵有关，故选A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.help有帮助；B.work起作用，生效；C.mean意味着；D.matter有关系，要紧。根据空后"how much you have or how litle."可知，此处指你赠予的是多还是少，这都没关系，故选D。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.Retuning归还；B.Accepting接受；C.Spreading传递，传播；D.Seeking寻找。根据前文"A chain reaction of kindness（10）behind them that day in Nashville，Tennessee，as other people rolled down their windows to（11），too."可知，此处指传递爱和真诚，故选C。
本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了父亲和儿子看到路边无家可归的人时，父亲身上没有现金，儿子想要将身上仅有的30分美元给他，然而父亲却觉得钱少了，但儿子却坚持这么做。最后，父亲明白了，帮助不在于多少，而在于爱和真诚的传递。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
36.【答案】【小题1】challenging
【小题2】the
【小题3】was launched
【小题4】to go
【小题5】becoming
【小题6】independently
【小题7】which
【小题8】observations
【小题9】Despite
【小题10】how
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：探索太空既危险又具有挑战性，但探索宇宙的愿望从未泯灭。空处填形容词与dangerous并列作表语。故填challenging。
（2）考查冠词。句意：探索太空既危险又具有挑战性，但探索宇宙的愿望从未泯灭。universe表示"宇宙"，是独一无二的事物，前面加定冠词the。故填the。
（3）考查时态和语态。句意：1957年10月4日，苏联发射了斯普特尼克1号卫星，成功绕地球轨道运行。根据On 4 October 1957可知事情发生在过去，且卫星是被发射，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was launched。
（4）考查不定式。句意：之后，尤里•加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。the+序数词+sb+to do表示"第几个做某事的人"，是固定搭配。故填to go。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：自2003年以来，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进展，成功地将杨利伟送入太空，并乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地球轨道运行，成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。become这里是非谓语动词，与China之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词。故填becoming。
（6）考查副词。句意：自2003年以来，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进展，成功地将杨利伟送入太空，并乘坐神舟五号飞船绕地球轨道运行，成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。用副词independently修饰动词send。故填independently。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：随后，中国发射了天宫二号空间实验室，并与天舟一号对接，这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。空格后引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面讲述的事件，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which引导。故填which。
（8）考查名词。句意：最近，中国发射了嫦娥四号探测月球背面的表面，进行测量和观测。空处填名词与measurements并列作宾语，observation是可数名词，这里应用复数。故填observations。
（9）考查介词。句意：尽管困难重重，但科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能帮助我们在未来生存得更好。根据句意可知用介词despite表示"尽管"。故填Despite。
（10）考查宾语从句。句意：尽管困难重重，但科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，还能帮助我们在未来生存得更好。空格后引导宾语从句，根据句意可知用how表示"如何"。故填how。
本文介绍了几个人类探索太空的事例。人类正在探索太空，希望能发现更多的宇宙秘密。探索太空既是危险的，也是挑战，但探索宇宙的愿望从未停止。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Dear Susan，
I'm Li Hua.The English Drama Festival will be held in our school next month and I'm writing to ask a favor of you.（点明主题）
As you know，my classmates and I plan to put on a play named "Alice in Wonderland".We are wondering whether you could give us some advice to better our play.【高分句型一】（请她给予指导）Could we meet up to talk about it this Friday afternoon if you are available？（约定时间见面）If possible，we'd like to invite you to play a role in it.【高分句型二】With you taking part，our performance will be definitely more impressive.（邀请她扮演一个角色）
I would highly appreciate it if you could offer your kind help .We can hardly wait to hear from you.（表达期待）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：We are wondering whether you could give us some advice to better our play.
翻译：我们想知道你能否给我们一些建议，让我们的演出更好。
分析：本句使用了whether引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：If possible，we'd like to invite you to play a role in it.
翻译：如果可能的话，我们想邀请你参与其中。
分析：本句使用了if引导的条件状语从句的省略。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：When he got to the front of the room ，he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms.His hands and arms were terribly injured.Without thinking ，the little girl threw her arms around the man's neck.She buried her face in his shoulder and cried for a while.Then she looked up and smiled，saying happily she would live with him.【高分句型一】（小女孩见到救命恩人，信任感动，快乐地选择了他）
Paragraph 2：When asked about her choice ，the girl gave people the reasons firmly.She said that she really wanted to get a good education.She also knew that money meant a lot to her since she had no family to rely on.But ，it's the man who saved her life when she was facing the big fire.Without him，she wouldn't be here.She sincerely hoped that she could do whatever she could to pay back his kindness.【高分句型二】（小女孩陈述选择的理由，真诚地希望报答救命恩情）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了一个父母双亡跟着祖母生活的小女孩，在火灾中又失去了祖母，一个勇敢的人挽救了女孩的生命。事故后，在决定由谁来收养这个孩子的过程中，小女孩最终选择了她的救命恩人的故事。
高分句型一：Then she looked up and smiled，saying happily she would live with him.
译文：然后她抬起头微笑着说她很高兴能和他住在一起。
分析：这句话使用现在分词短语saying happily she would live with him作状语。
高分句型二：She sincerely hoped that she could do whatever she could to pay back his kindness.
译文：她真诚地希望她能尽一切努力报答他的好意。
分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句，whatever引导宾语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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