【暑假提升】人教版英语八年级（八升九）暑假-第06讲 宾语从句 讲学案

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第06讲 宾语从句
【学习目标】

1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词
2、掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语
3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。

【基础知识】
一、直接引语变间接引语
1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
1). “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.
She said “I like playing basketball”.
She said that she liked playing basketball .
2). “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.
She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.
She asked Tom if she could have a look at his picture .
3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.
She said to me “They want to help me”.
She told me that they wanted to help me .
2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化

直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
that
those
时间状语
now
then
today
that day
this morning
that morning
three days ago
three days before
Last week
the week before
tomorrow
the next /
following day
next year
the next year
地点状语
here
there
动词
come
go
二. 宾语从句的考查
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 考查宾语从句的语序：
宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+……
Do you know when __________?
A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves
C.will the next train leave D.the next train will leave
注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：
1).who在从句中作主语。
Can you tell me who will come here?(谁将来这儿)
2).what’s wrong / the matter ?
He asked what was the matter with me .
3).what happened
I don’t know what happened yesterday .
4).which is the way to ….?
Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?
2.考查宾语从句的引导词
1). 若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。
She said “I’m glad to see you” = She said( that) she was glad to see me .
2). 宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .
He asked me “Are you going to Wuhan ?” = He asked me if (whether) I was going to Wuhan.
I’m thinking about ______ to go there .
A.if B.whether C.that
3). 宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。
Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .
A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do
4). 若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth .
“Don’t open the door” The teacher said . = The teacher told me not to open the door .
3. 宾语从句的时态
1). 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor .
A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he
2). 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
He asked ____________.
A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it
He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.
A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared
注：1) 、如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
2)、若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。
Could you tell me _______?
A.what he was doing B.what was he doing
C.what he is doing D.what is he doing
4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。

if
When
if/when从句的时态
条件/时间状语从句
如果、假如
当…的时候
一般现在时
宾语从句
是否
什么时候
一般将来时
Can you guess if they___ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they ____free.
A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be
Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow ? When he _____ here , please call me .
A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come
5.宾语从句的简化：
1). 宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”.
I hope I can meet you again .
I hope to meet you again .
2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”.
I don’t know what I should do next .
I don’t know what to do next .
Could you tell me how I can get there ?
Could you tell me how to get there ?
John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy .
John didn’t decide which shirt to buy .
3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth”.
I heard that they were singing in the next room.=
I heard them singing in the next room .
We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree .
We found her playing with the cat under the tree.

【考点剖析】
考点一、考查宾语从句的引导词
1．—Did your friend tell you ________
—Yes. He said he got up too late this morning.
A．how he got to school B．why he was late for school
C．where he did his homework D．when he left home for school
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你朋友告诉你他为什么上学迟到了吗？——是的。他说他今天早上起得太晚了。
考查宾语从句。how he got to school他是怎么去学校的；why he was late for school他为什么上学迟到；where he did his homework 他在哪里做作业；when he left home for school他什么时候离开家去上学的。根据答语“Yes. He said he got up too late this morning.”以及选项可知，问句谈到的是朋友迟到的原因，故用特殊疑问词why引导的宾语从句。故选B。
2．—Excuse me, could you do please tell me ________? I forget about it.
—Only in ten minutes. You’d better hurry up.
A．when the train left B．when did the train leave
C．how soon will the train leave D．how soon the train will leave
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我火车什么时候开吗？我忘了。——只有十分钟了。你最好快点。
考查宾语从句。根据“tell me”可知，此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除B、C选项；再根据“Only in ten minutes”可知，火车还没开，所以需用一般将来时，排除A选项。故选D。
考点二、考查宾语从句的语序
1．We can’t imagine ________ by the year 2015. Could you tell us?
A．what life will be B．what life will be like C．what will life be D．how life will be like
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：我们无法想象到2015年生活会是什么样子。你能告诉我们吗？
考查宾语从句。题目考查宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，排除C项；“What... be like?”意为“……像什么样子？”，其中what作介词like的宾语。故选B。
2．No one can be sure ________ in thousands of years, not to say in a million years.
A．what man looks like B．what will man look like
C．what did man look like D．what man will look like
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：没有人能够确定几千年后人类会是什么样子，更不用说一百万年以后了。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句中应用陈述句语序，排除B、C两项；又根据“in thousands of years”可知，应用一般将来时。故选D。
考点三、考查宾语从句的时态
1．— Is there a message for me, Mom?
— Yeah. John phoned you just now. He wondered _________.
A．why you are late for school this morning B．what will you do for the coming weekend
C．where did you play volleyball after school D．if you could go to the cinema with him
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——有消息要给我吗，妈妈？——是的。约翰刚才给你打电话。他想知道你能不能和他一起去看电影。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BC；根据“wondered”可知主句时态是过去时，从句时态遵循“主过从必过”，故从句用过去的某种时态，排除A。故选D。
2．Li Ling’s mother wanted to know ________.
A．how did she study at school B．what she has studied at school
C．whether did she study hard at school D．if she studied hard at school
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：李玲的妈妈想知道她在学校学习是否努力。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，先排除A、C两项；B项因主句wanted为一般过去时态，其宾语从句也应用过去的某种时态，B项时态有误，故排除。故选D。
考点四、if/when引导的两种从句
1．—I wonder if he ________ us in the dancing tonight.
—I believe if he ________ his homework, he will join us.
A．will join; will finish B．will join; finishes C．joins; finishes D．joins; will finish
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——我想知道他今晚是否加入我们的舞蹈。——我相信如果他完成了他的作业，他会加入我们的。
考查状语从句和宾语从句。第一处if意为“是否”，后接宾语从句，根据tonight意为“今晚”提示用will join；第二处if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，应遵循主将从现的原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，所以用finishes。故选B。
2．—I wonder ________ if I park my car here?
—Of course it ________. You need to find a safer place.
A．when it matter; does B．whether it matters; does
C．if it will matter; doesn’t D．how it matters; doesn’t
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——我想知道如果我把车停在这儿是否有关系。——当然有，你需要找一个更安全的地方。考查宾语从句。根据“if I park my car here?”结合语境，该宾语从句表一般情况，应用一般现在时，句子已有if，为了不重复，表示“是否”用whether；根据“You need to find a safer place.”可知第二空应用肯定回答。故选B。
3．—I wonder if Li Hua ________ to the hospital to receive COVID-19 vaccinations (疫苗接种).
—I’m sure he will if he ________ time.
A．goes; will have B．will go; will have C．will go; has
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——我想知道李华是否会去医院接种COVID-19疫苗。——如果他有时间，我肯定他会的。
考查动词时态。第一句中“if”引导宾语从句，从句表示对将来是否会发生某事的不确定，因此用一般将来时，表达“去医院”动词用“will go”；第二句中“if”引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主语“he”是第三人称单数，因此动词用第三人称单数形式“has”。故选C。
4．— Alice, could you tell me when your sister ________ from Harbin?
— I’m not sure. I will call you when she ________.
A．will come back; will return B．comes back; will return C．will come back; returns
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：—— 爱丽丝，你能告诉我你姐姐什么时候从哈尔滨回来吗？—— 我不确定。当她回来的时候我会给你打电话。
考查动词时态。根据句子结构可知，第一个when引导宾语从句，主句是委婉语气，从句时态不受限制，结合句意可知，我姐姐还没有回来，故用一般将来时“will+ do”；根据第二句的句子结构可知，when引导时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语she，因此动词用三单形式。故选C。


【真题演练】
1．—Mike, I wonder ________ we’ll go this weekend.
—To the museum.
A．when B．why C．how D．where
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——迈克，我想知道我们这个周末去哪里。——去博物馆。
考查宾语从句的引导词。when什么时候；why为什么；how如何；where哪里。根据“To the museum.”可知，此处询问这个周末我们去哪里，用疑问词where，故选D。
2．—I haven’t decided ________ I’ll go for my summer holidays.
—Why not choose Laga Mountain?
A．how B．when C．where
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——我还没有决定到哪里去度暑假。——为什么不选择拉加山？
考查宾语从句引导词。how怎样；when何时；where哪里。根据答语“Why not choose Laga Mountain”可知，没有决定去哪里度假，所以对方建议去拉加山，故选C。
3．—What did David say to you just now?
一He asked _________.
A．why I’m so unhappy B．what I will do for the weekend
C．who I play football with after school D．if I could go to the party with him tonight
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——大卫刚才对你说了什么？——他问我今晚是否和他一起去看电影。
考查宾语从句。本句是宾语从句，主句He asked是一般过去时，根据“主过从必过”原则，宾语从句应用过去时的某种时态，可排除ABC三项。could是情态动词can的过去式，故选D。
4．— How wonderful the school concert is! I wonder ________ our school will hold it next year.
— Sure. It’s our school tradition!
A．how B．if C．where
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——校音乐会多么美妙啊！我想知道我们学校明年是否会举办。——当然。这是我们学校的传统！
考查宾语从句。how怎样；if是否；where哪里。根据“ Sure. It’s our school tradition!”可知问句是想知道学校明年是否会举办音乐节，用if引导的宾语从句。故选B。
5．—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion is helpful to you.
—It certainly is. Every little bit helps.
A．why B．how C．whether D．where
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——我不确定我的建议对你是否有帮助。——当然是。一点一滴都有帮助。
考查宾语从句。why为什么；how怎样；whether是否；where哪里。根据“I’m not sure … my suggestion is helpful to you”及“It certainly is”，可知，不确定是否有帮助，故选C。
6．—Do you know ________?
—In Stratford, England.
A．where Shakespeare was born B．when Shakespeare finished school
C．how many plays Shakespeare wrote D．why Shakespeare's works are popular
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——你知道莎士比亚出生在哪里吗？——在英格兰的斯特拉特福德。
考查宾语从句。A：莎士比亚出生在哪里；B：莎士比亚什么时候毕业的；C：莎士比亚写了多少部话剧；D：为什么莎士比亚的作品受欢迎。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句，根据答语“In Stratford, England.”可知，回答的是地点。故选A。
7．—Could you tell me ________ “the Father of Rice”?
—Because he helped many countries grow more rice.
A．when was Yuan Longping called B．why is Yuan Longping called
C．when Yuan Longping was called D．why Yuan Longping is called
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——你可以告诉我为什么袁隆平被称作“水稻之父”吗？——因为他帮助许多国家种植了更多的水稻。
考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和B选项。根据答语“Because”可知，应用引导词why引导宾语从句，故选D。
8．In the past people didn’t know that light ________ faster than sound.
A．travels B．travelled C．travel
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：过去人们不知道光比声音传播得快。
考查宾语从句。根据“light…faster than sound”和常识可知，“光比声音传播得快”是客观事实和真理，用一般现在时，主语是light，谓语动词用三单，故选A。
9．—Would you like to talk about ________ in the summer holiday?
—I’m going to be a volunteer in our neighborhood.
A．how you will do B．what you will do C．where you will go
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你想谈谈你暑假要做什么吗？——我要在我们的社区做一名志愿者。
考查宾语从句。how you will do你会怎么做；what you will do你要做什么；where you will go你要去哪里。根据答语“I’m going to be a volunteer in our neighborhood.”可知，此处询问做什么，故选B。
10．—Hi, Jeff. Could you please tell me ________ on Dragon Boat Festival?
—I ate zongzi and watched the boat races.
A．what did you do B．what do you do C．what you did
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——嗨，杰夫。你能告诉我你在端午节做了什么吗？——我吃粽子，看龙舟赛。
考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则，排除A/B选项，故选C。

【过关检测】
一、单项选择
1．— Dear friends, do you still remember _________ you came here three years ago?
— To achieve dreams.
A．why B．where C．what D．which
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——亲爱的朋友，你还记得三年前你为什么来这里吗？——为了实现梦想。
考查宾语从句。why为什么；where哪里；what什么；which哪一个。根据答语“To achieve dreams”可知，此处询问来这里的原因，用why引导宾语从句，故选A。
2．—Could you tell me ________?   
—At the end of July.
A．how often he heard from his penfriend B．how soon he would be here
C．that he went on vacation D．when you will start your vacation
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我你什么时候开始你的假期吗？——在七月末。
考查宾语从句。根据答句“At the end of July.”可知，问句对时间进行提问，应用when。故选D。
3．I often doubt ________ he says.
A．whether to believe what B．whether should I believe what
C．if to believe that D．whether to believe that
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：我经常怀疑是否相信他说的话。
考查不定式和宾语从句。whether to do意为“是否该做……”，if后不可直接加to do，故排除C项；B项语序没使用陈述句语序，故排除；say是及物动词，应用what既作宾语从句的连接词，又充当其宾语。故选A。
4．By using a telescope, you’ll see ________.
A．what is the Moon like B．what the Moon looks like
C．what the Moon likes D．what does the Moon look like
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：通过使用望远镜，你会看到月球看起来像什么样子。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句中应使用陈述句语序，A、D两项语序有误；C项意为“月球喜欢什么”，与题干意思不符。故选B。
5．Can you tell me _______?
A．where shall we meet tomorrow B．where will you go for the holiday
C．when did you join the club D．how long he has been in the navy
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：你能告诉我他已经参加海军多久了吗？
考查宾语从句。根据“Can you tell me…?”可知，该句是含有宾语从句的复合句；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，A、B、C三项语序均有误。故选D。
6．I have no idea how long ________ before he leaves for Europe again this time.
A．will he stay home B．will he come back home
C．he will stay home D．he will come back home
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：我不知道这次在他再前往欧洲前会在家待多久。
考查宾语从句和动词辨析。分析句子结构可知，空处的句子是由how long 引导的宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，故排除A、B两项；stay“待”，是延续性动词；come back“回来”是非延续性动词；how long提示该宾语从句中应使用延续性动词，故排除D。故选C。
7．—Can you imagine ________ in 2035?
—I’m sure it will be better.
A．what our life will be like B．what will our life be like C．how our life was
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——你能想象2035年我们的生活会是什么样子吗？——我相信会更好。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B项；主句是一般现在时，主现从不限，根据“in 2035”可知，从句时态用一般将来时will do。故选A。
8．—Could you tell me ________ for the coming holidays?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．where you went B．where will you go C．where you are going
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我即将到来的假期你要去哪里吗？——对不起，我不知道。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除B；根据“for the coming holidays”可知要用一般将来时，排除A。故选C。
9．—I hear they’ll visit Shandong Museum, and I wonder ________.
—For about two hours.
A．how far it is B．how often they visit it
C．how many tickets they bought D．how long they will stay there
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——我听说他们将参观山东博物馆，我想知道他们会在那里停留多长时间。——大约2小时。
考查宾语从句。根据“For about two hours”可知，说话人想知道他们将在博物馆待多久，应用how long表示“多久”。故选D。
10．—Did you notice ________ in his office?
—Yes, he was going over our homework.
A．when Mr. Li was working B．what Mr. Li is doing
C．what Mr. Li was doing D．who was talking to Mr. Li
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：——你注意到李先生在他的办公室里做什么了吗？——是的，他正在检查我们的家庭作业。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句时态遵循“主过从必过”，排除B；根据“he was going over our homework”可知前文应询问他在做什么，用what引导宾语从句。故选C。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
11．—Could you tell me when we ________ (hand) in our book report?
—Next Monday morning.
【答案】will hand
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我我们什么时候交读书报告吗？——下一个星期一的早晨。hand in“上交”，根据“Next Monday morning.”可知，宾语从句时态用一般将来时will do，故填will hand。
12．The teacher is wondering what ________ (happen) to the little girl. She is crying sadly.
【答案】has happened
【详解】
句意：老师想知道小女孩发生了什么事。她伤心地哭着。根据“She is crying sadly.”可知，空处表达的动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，而主语是what，主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受限制，所以应用现在完成时结构，故填has happened。
13．My grandfather told us that the early bird ________ (catch) the worm.
【答案】catches
【详解】
句意：我的爷爷告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。宾语从句是谚语，所以依然用一般现在时，主语the early bird是第三人称单数，所以应填catch的第三人称单数形式。故填catches。
14．The radio says there ________ (be) showers next week.
【答案】will be
【详解】
句意：收音机说下周将会有阵雨。分析句子结构可知，该句为省略that的宾语从句，根据“next week”可知，从句使用一般将来时，结构：will do。故填will be。
15．Can you tell me where those children ____ (play) hide-an seek at this time yesterday?
【答案】were playing
【详解】
句意：你能告诉我昨天这个时候那些玩捉迷藏的孩子在哪里吗？play“玩”，句子是宾语从句，主句是一般现在时，从句时态遵循“主现从不限”，根据“at this time yesterday”可知从句应用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是名词复数those children，be动词用were。故填were playing。
16．Could you tell me how soon the visitors from the USA ____ (arrive) here?
【答案】will arrive
【详解】
句意：你能告诉我从美国来的游客多久会到这里吗？arrive“到达”，句子是宾语从句，主句是一般现在时，从句时态遵循“主现从不限”，根据“how soon”以及语境可知，从句用一般将来时will do。故填will arrive。
三、 句型转换
17．Could you tell me how I should start the computer? (改为同义句)
Could you ________ me ________ ________ ________ the computer?
【答案】     tell     how     to     start
【详解】
句意：你能告诉我应该怎样启动这台电脑吗？原句是宾语从句，主句保持不变；宾语从句“how I should start the computer”可以和“疑问词+不定式”进行转换，在句子中作宾语，how“怎样”，start“开始”的不定式是to start，故填tell；how；to；start。
18．He asked me, “Are you satisfied with your recent case?”（改为复合句）
He asked me ________ I ________ satisfied with my recent case.
【答案】     whether##if     was
【详解】
句意：他问我:“你对你最近的案子满意吗？”原句中“Are you satisfied with your recent case?”是一般疑问句，变复合句后，从句部分的引导词用whether/if表示“是否”，宾语从句遵循“主过从必过”原则，主句是一般过去时，从句也应用一般过去时，主语是I，be动词用was。故填whether/if ；was。
19．Is he from England? Could you tell me? (合并为一句)
Could you tell me ________ he ________ from England?
【答案】     whether##if     is
【详解】
句意：他来自英国吗？你能告诉我吗？根据题干可知，原句为两个小分句，合并为一句后则为宾语从句，一般疑问句转为宾语从句时，需要whether/if的引导，另外宾语从句应为陈述语序，因此从句为whether/if he is from England。故填whether/if；is。
20．Could you tell me? Why are you late for such an important conference?
Could you tell me why ________ ________ late for such an important conference?
【答案】     you     are
【详解】
句意：你能告诉我吗？你为什么在这么重要的会议上迟到？tell sb sth.意为“告诉某人某事”，tell后面可加宾语从句，why“为什么”可作宾语从句的引导词，宾语从句使用陈述语序，故填you；are。