永州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考英语试卷（含答案）

这是一份永州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考英语试卷（含答案），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
永州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
There are many podcasts(播客) that teach English and you can listen to them anytime. Here is a list of some of the best podcasts that you must see.
Learn English Podcast
This podcast has three levels. The first is for beginners, the second is for intermediates(中级学生) and the third is for upper intermediates. If a person wants to learn Business English, then episodes are also made for him. Every podcast is short but very informative. Worksheets(活页练习题) and vocabulary tasks are also included.
Speaking Broadly
This podcast is made for advanced learners. Explained through discussion and interviews, each episode has non-native English speakers and every recording also has expert feedback. You will see some common mistakes made by English learners and you can improve your English by learning from those mistakes.
The English We Speak
This podcast airs one episode daily and every episode is only three to four minutes, which talks about phrases and idioms. There are two people in each episode who communicate with each other. Whatever level you are, you will find it rewarding.
Elementary Podcast
This podcast is mainly for beginners and intermediate level learners. The length of a podcast is around 25 minutes but you can pause it anytime and continue whenever you want. The hosts of each episode are different.
1、Which podcast provides exercises going with it?
A. Speaking Broadly. B. Elementary Podcast.
C. The English We Speak. D. Learn English Podcast.
2、What do we know about Speaking Broadly?
A. It records just expert speakers. B. It targets beginners.
C. It presents some typical mistakes. D. It provides feedback from listeners.
3、What do The English We Speak and Elementary Podcast have in common?
A. They are both interactive. B. They cater for beginners.
C. They have the same length. D. They share the same contents.
America was where all my mother’s hopes lay. My mother believed one could be anything he wanted to be in America. “You can be a prodigy (神童), too,” my mother told me when I was nine. “You can be best at anything.” We didn’t immediately pick the right kind of prodigy. At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films. My mother would poke my arm and say, “Ni kan”—You watch.
Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to a beauty training school and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.
In fact, in the beginning, I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtains, waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air.
In all of my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach (责备). I would never be annoyed by anything. Every night after dinner, my mother and I would sit at the Formica kitchen table. She would present new tests, taking her examples from stories of amazing children she had read and a dozen other magazines she kept in a pile in our bathroom. My mother got these magazines from people whose houses she cleaned. She would look through them all, searching for stories about remarkable children.
The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the capitals of all the states and even most of the European countries. A teacher was quoted as saying the little boy could also pronounce the names of the foreign cities correctly.
“What’s the capital of Finland?” my mother asked me, looking at the magazine story.
All I knew was the capital of California, because Sacramento was the name of the street we lived on in Chinatown. “Nairobi!” I guessed, saying the most foreign word I could think of. She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer.
The tests got harder — multiplying numbers in my head, finding the queen of hearts in a deck of cards, trying to stand on my head without using my hands, predicting the daily temperatures in Los Angeles, New York, and London.
And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again, something inside of me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back — and that it would always be this ordinary face — I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched (尖锐的) noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror.
And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me — because I had never seen that face before. I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts. I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not.
4、Why did the mother and the girl watch Shirley Temple’s old movies on TV?
A. Because the mother was a fan of Shirley Temple
B. Because the girl resembled Shirley Temple in appearance.
C. Because Shirley Temple’s hairstyle was very popular among children.
D. Because the mother wanted her daughter to be a Chinese Shirley Temple.
5、Which of the following statements is TRUE about the tests the girl did every night?
A. She got through the tests painfully.
B. She felt confident and finished them smoothly.
C. She failed the tests and began to lose confidence.
D. She made preparations for tests to please her mother.
6、What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
A. The mother was disappointed and gave up her daughter.
B. The mother expected her daughter to know the right answer.
C. The answers were more than one and the mother checked them.
D. The mother was not sure about the answer and wanted to confirm it.
7、What might happen after the last paragraph?
A. The girl might do what she really likes.
B. The girl might do whatever her mother asks.
C. The girl might try her best to become successful.
D. The mother might change her attitude and listen to her daughter.
I am standing next to a five-year old girl in Pormpuraaw, a small Aboriginal (土著的) community in northern Australia. When I ask her to point north, she points precisely and without hesitation. My compass says she is right. Later, back in a lecture hall at Stanford University, I make the same request of an audience of excellent professors. Many refuse; they do not know the answer.
A five-year-old in one culture can do something with ease that great scientists in other cultures struggle with. This is a big difference in cognitive (认知的) ability. What could explain it? The surprising answer, it turns out, may be language.
Around the world people communicate with one another using a variety of languages— 7,000 or so all told— and each language requires very different things from its speakers. For example, suppose I want to tell you that I saw Uncle Vanya on 42nd Street. In Mian, a language spoken in Papua New Guinea, the verb I used would reveal whether the event happened just now, yesterday or in the distant past, whereas in Indonesia, the verb wouldn’t even give away whether it had already happened or was still coming up. In Russian, the verb would reveal my gender.
Research in my lab and in many others has been uncovering how language shapes even the most basic concept of human experience: space, time, and relationships to others. Unlike English, the language spoken in Pormpuraaw does not use relative spatial terms such as left and right. Rather speakers talk in terms of absolute directions. Of course, in English we also use direction terms but only for large spatial scales (标度). We would not say, for example, “They set the salad forks southeast of the dinner forks!” But in Pormpuraaw, absolute directions are used at all scales. This means one ends up saying things like “the cup is southeast of the plate” or “the boy standing to the south of Mary is my brother.”
8、How does the author mainly explain the role language plays in the different cognition?
A. By giving numbers. B. By making comparisons.
C. By describing personal experiences. D. By presenting different viewpoints.
9、What contributes to the girl’s success in pointing the direction?
A. Her training in Stanford University. B. The challenge from professors.
C. The language she speaks. D. The English culture she absorbs.
10、What can be shown from the verb used in the language Mian?
A. The time. B. The gender. C. The space. D. The event.
11、What is the author’s attitude towards the language spoken in Pormpuraaw?
A. Favorable. B. Cautious. C. Negative. D. Objective.
In the book Consciousness Explained, the cognitive scientist Daniel Dennett describes a kind of fish, which wanders through the sea looking for a suitable rock to make its home for life. On finding one, the fish no longer needs its brain and eats it. Humanity is unlikely to adopt such an eating habit but there is a worrying trend that people are dumping themselves down by becoming overly dependent on “intelligent” machines, especially when ChatGPT comes out.
Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has drawn 1 million people to register during the first week. Its allure is obvious: ChatGPT can produce jokes, write undergraduate essays and create computer code from a short writing prompt (提示).
But this is a false impression. Computers have become more capable but they lack genuine thinking, developed in humans through constant social practices. ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produced a response; and cannot tell if it is making sense. So why all the fuss? Google’s new AI-powered search tool, Bard, was released in March 2023, making its ambition obvious in its promotional video. The profit-driven competition to fill our daily lives with artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly fierce.
Humans have a long track of turning a blind eye to the risks of new breakthroughs. Web companies want to draw their users to think extremely highly of their AI tools, encouraging humanity to think them far beyond human’s cognitive competence. As we know, the rise of civilization through art and agriculture contributes mostly to the remarkable human mental powers. No one knows what will happen to such technologies if the software engineers of the future make themselves become software programs. Maybe the danger is not machines being treated like humans, but humans being treated like machines.
12、Why does the author mention “the fish” in the first paragraph?
A. To stress the importance of intelligent machines.
B. To introduce a new kind of eating habit in animals.
C. To compare with human’s unwillingness to think.
D. To praise the excellence of human thinking ability.
13、What does the underlined word “allure” mean in the second paragraph?
A. Target. B. Attraction. C. Setting D. Access.
14、What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Human beings are being treated like machines.
B. Money matters much behind the AI competition.
C. Computers are skilled at completing cognitive tasks.
D. People should trust software more than themselves.
15、What does the text mainly talk about?
A. ChatGPT has both benefits and risks.
B. Human depends overly on intelligent tools.
C. More intelligent technology is always better.
D. Human’s cognitive competence is irreplaceable.
二、七选五
16、Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing you and everyone else on board. Would you still board?
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. ①_______
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. ②_______ It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. ③_______ From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by nonhuman intelligence? ④_______ What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion?
⑤_______ We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by nonhuman intelligence? The time to reckon with AI is before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A. Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.
B. Language is the operating system of human culture.
C. In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.
D. By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilization.
E. Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F. For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G. It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.
三、完形填空（15空）
In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she 1 the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scicntist Challenge for her invention.
What 2 Gitanjali’s work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. “The idea didn’t 3 to me until I saw my patents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren’t very 4 .” She recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and 5 found that carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali 6 to build a small blue housing using the 3D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under 7 from her computer science teacher, gives instant 8 and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.
The process of designing her project wasn’t always 9 , though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, 10 along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also 11 her parents with constant support and 12 to try “crazy ideas”. Gitanjali received $25, 000 to further develop her program along with the great 13 of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who 14 Gitanjali, “she shows a lot of motivation to solve 15 issues through science”.
17、A. earned B. designed C. offered D. made
18、A. exposed B. improved C. defined D. inspired
19、A. stick B. belong C. occur D. apply
20、A. simple B. reliable C. predictable D. creative
21、A. eventually B. immediately C. temporarily D. initially
22、A. managed B. promised C. pretended D. happened
23、A. observation B. command C. instruction D. control
24、A. access B. results C. decisions D. approval
25、A. optional B. complete C. continuous D. smooth
26、A. changed B. helped C. risked D. followed
27、A. stresses B. credits C. impresses D. provides
28、A. encouragement B. request C. struggle D. pressure
29、A. fortune B. intention C. honor D. potential
30、A. keeps with B. gets along with C. takes care of D. speaks highly of
31、A. commercial B. academic C. practical D. systematic
四、短文填空
32、When you have a science question not ①______(cover) in school, where can you turn? Check out Tumble, a podcast for kids about scientific exploration and discovery.
Hosted by MARSHALL ESCAMILLA and LINDSAY PATTERSON, Tumble takes questions ②______ (direct) from kids, then finds scientists ③______ (help) answer them. For example, if you’re wondering ④______ aliens exist, you can listen to Tumble and hear ⑤______ an astrobiologist and a zoologist have to say about this otherworldly matter.
“⑥______ (grow) up, I wasn’t interested in science at all, because I thought that everything to be known by science ⑦______ (know),” Patterson told TIME for Kids. “It was only after I talked to a scientist ⑧______ I learned I was totally wrong.” She wants to share this sense of ⑨______ (curious) and wonder with kids.
Speak Spanish? Learning the language? You’re in luck! ⑩______ podcast team also makes Tumble en Español. —By TFK Kid Reporter Kellen Bhatt
五、书面表达
33、假如你是高一学生李华，你校学生会近期要为即将参加高考的高三学子举行加油仪式(a pep rally)，现征集活动创意。请你给学生会写一封信表达对于活动的建议，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.活动建议；
3.期待和祝福。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
To whom it may concern,
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
34、阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写两段，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Everything He Needs
Ethan poured the milk slowly so that his corn flakes(薄片,小碎片) rose above the rim(边缘) of the bowl, just like Nick’s. Mom didn’t fuss(唠叨) about it. Instead, she reached over and patted Nick’s hand. “It’s our last breakfast together before you start college,” she said.
“What will you eat for breakfast at college, Nick?” Ethan asked his big brother.
“I don’t know.” Nick hugged the corn flakes box. “I’d better take this.”
Mom smiled. “Nick is teasing. He’ll have everything he needs at college.”
“Not everything.” Nick pointed at Ethan. “I won’t have my little brother!”
Mom looked at her watch. “Oops. We need to get going, boys.”
In the car, Ethan shared the backseat with Nick’s suitcases. “I wish I could go to the airport with you,” he said. But it was class photo day.
When they arrived at Ethan’s school, Nick reached over the seat and hugged Ethan goodbye. “Smile big for the camera,” Nick said.
“Good luck at college!” said Ethan. He got out of the car and waved at Nick until the car turned the corner.
Ethan missed seeing his brother at breakfast every day. Sometimes Nick sent photos. One was of him and his friends. They were all splattered(溅泼) with mud from playing soccer.
Mom said, “I hope he has figured out how to do laundry with detergent(洗涤剂).”
Nick sent another photo of himself in the library with a tall pile of books.
Mom said, “I hope Nick is finding time to get enough sleep.”
Ethan stared at the photo. Nick was smiling, but he looked tired. Maybe it was hard to get enough sleep at college.
A couple of months later, Mom said, “I bought plane tickets so we can visit Nick for his birthday.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Ethan pulled out his backpack, thinking that he should take something his brother
may need.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Hearing Mom’s words, he cleared his backpack of the things he had just collected.
_____________________________________________________________________
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参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：题干意思是“那个播客同时提供练习？”， 根据第二段介绍“Learn English Podcast”（学习英语播客）中，最后一句提到“Worksheets and vocabulary tasks are also included. ”意思是“活页练习题和词汇任务也包含在里面。”, “活页练习和词汇任务”就是一些练习，故在“Learn English Podcast”提供练习，答案是D。
2、答案：C
解析：题干意思是“关于Speaking Broadly我们能够了解什么？”A意思是“它只录制专家演讲者”B意思是“它的目标是初学者”C意思是“它呈现一些典型错误。”D意思是“它提供来自于听者的反馈，”。根据第三段介绍Speaking Broadly中的第一句，意思是“这个播客是为高级阶段学习者制作的。”，故它的目标人群是 advanced learners，而不是beginner(初学者）,故选项B是错误的。第二句，意思是“通过访谈和讨论进行解释，每一个片段都有非英语母语讲话者，并且每一段录制都有专家反馈。”这里feedback意思是“反馈”，这里提到的是来自专家的反馈，（expert feedback)，而选项D意思是来自听者的反馈，与原意不符，故选项D是错误的。并且该句中提到“each episode has non-native English speakers”意思是“每一个片段都有非英语母语讲话者”，故这里收录有非英语母语讲话者的片段，而A意思是“它只收录专家演讲者”,与原意不符，故A是错误的。第三段第三句提到"You will see some common mistakes made by English learners"，意思是“你会看到英语学习者犯的一些常见错误”,故这里是会展现一些典型错误的，故答案是C。
3、答案：B
解析：题干意思是“我们说的英语和初级播客有什么共同之处？”。A意思是“它们都是交互式的。“，B意思是”它们适合初学者“，C意思是”它们有相同的长度。“， D意思是“它们享有相同的内容。”。根据倒数第二段介绍“The English We Speak"中的最后一句，意思是”不论你是什么程度的，你将会发现它是值得的。“由此可知它是适合所有人的。最后一段”Elementary Podcast“中的第一句意思是”这个播客主要是针对初学者和中级水平的学习者的“。故这两个播客的共同之处是它们都适合初学者，故答案是B。选项A"它们都是交互性的”，Elementary Podcast没有提到它有交互性，故该选项错误。C意思是“它们有相同的长度”,根据倒数第二段第一句提到“every episode is only three to four minutes"(每一段只有三至四分钟。)，最后一段第二句“The length of a postcast is around 25 minutes”（每一个播客的长度在25分钟左右。），故它们的长度是不一样的，C错误。D意思是“它们享有同样的内容”,根据倒数第二段第二句，意思是“每一个片段中有两个人，他们之间彼此交流”，最后一段并没有提到内容是两个人间的交流，故选项D错误。故答案是B。
4、答案：D
解析：根据第一段中“At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films.(起初，我妈妈认为我可以成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿。我们会在电视上看雪莉演的老电影，就像看训练电影一样)”可知，妈妈和女孩在电视上看秀兰·邓波儿的老电影是因为妈妈希望女儿成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿，让女儿通过看电影来接受训练。故选D 项。
5、答案：C
解析：根据倒数第二段中“And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again, something inside of me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back — and that it would always be this ordinary face — I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl!(在再次看到母亲失望的脸后，我内心的某些东西开始消亡。我讨厌考试，讨厌那些高涨的希望和失败的期望。那天晚上睡觉前，我照镜子，只看到自己的脸在盯着我看——而且永远都是这张普通的脸——我哭了起来。多么悲伤、丑陋的女孩!)”可知，女孩没有通过那些测试，并开始对自己失去信心。故选C 项。
6、答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据上文可知，妈妈问女儿“芬兰的首都是哪里?”，女儿给出了一个明显错误的答案“内罗毕”。根据划线句“She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer.(在给我看答案之前，她查了一下“赫尔辛基”是否可能是这样发音的)”可知，妈妈专门查了芬兰首都“赫尔辛基”是否可以读作“内罗毕”，由此推知，妈妈非常希望女儿的答案是正确的，甚至寄希望于“内罗毕”是“赫尔辛基”的另一个读音。故选B 项。
7、答案：A
解析：根据最后一段中“I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts. I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not.(我看着自己的影子，眨了眨眼睛，以便看得更清楚。那个盯着我看的女孩很生气，很强势。这个女孩和我是一样的。我有了新的想法，任性的想法，或者更确切地说，是充满了很多不愿意的想法。我不会让她改变我，我向自己保证。我不会成为我不是的样子)”可推知，女儿的遭受挫折后重新审视了自己，接受了真正的自我，决定不再受妈妈的摆布。接下来，她要去做自己真正喜欢做的事。故选A 项。
8、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段I am standing next to a five-year old girl in Pormpuraaw，a small Aboriginal（土著的） community in northern Australia.When I ask her to point north，she points precisely and without hesitation.My compass says she is right.Later，back in a lecture hall at Stanford University，I make the same request of an audience of excellent professors.Many refuse；they do not know the answer.（我站在澳大利亚北部一个土著社区Pormpraaw的一个五岁女孩旁边。当我让她指向北方时，她准确而毫不犹豫地指向北方。我的指南针说她是对的。后来，回到斯坦福大学的一个演讲厅，我向观众提出了同样的问题。但是许多人拒绝回答，他们不知道答案。）可知，作者是通过描述个人的经历来解释语言在不同认知中所起的作用。故选C。
9、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段A five-year-old in one culture can do something with ease that great scientists in other cultures struggle with.This is a big difference in cognitive（认知的） ability.What could explain it？The surprising answer，it turns out，may be language.（在一种文化中，一个五岁的孩子可以轻松地做一些其他文化中伟大的科学家难以做到的事情。这是认知能力的巨大差异。什么可以解释这一点事实证明，令人惊讶的答案可能是语言。）可知，是语言促使女孩成功地指明方向。故选C。
10、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段In Mian，a language spoken in Papua New Guinea，the verb I used would reveal whether the event happened just now，yesterday or in the distant past（在巴布亚新几内亚的一种语言Mian中，我使用的动词可以揭示这一事件是发生在现在、昨天还是遥远的过去）可知，从Mian中使用的动词可以看出时间。故选A。
11、答案：D
解析：观点态度题。根据倒数第二段Unlike English，the language spoken in Pormpuraaw does not use relative spatial terms such as left and right.Rather speakers talk in terms of absolute directions.Of course，in English we also use direction terms but only for large spatial scales（标度）.（与英语不同，Pormpraaw语不使用相对的空间术语，如左和右。相反，说话者使用绝对方向。当然，在英语中，我们也使用方向术语，但仅用于大的空间尺度。）可知，作者并没有说Pormpuraaw使用绝对方向是好还是不好，是客观地说明一种语言现象。说明作者的态度是客观的。故选D。
12、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段In the book Consciousness Explained，the cognitive scientist Daniel Dennett describes a kind of fish，which wanders through the sea looking for a suitable rock to make its home for life.On finding one，the fish no longer needs its brain and eats it.Humanity is unlikely to adopt such an eating habit but there is a worrying trend that people are dumping themselves down by becoming overly dependent on "intelligent"machines，especially when ChatGPT comes out.（在《意识解释》一书中，认知科学家丹尼尔•丹尼特描述了一种鱼，它在海洋中徘徊，寻找合适的岩石作为生命的家园。一找到，鱼就不再需要它的大脑，把它吃掉。人类不太可能养成这样的饮食习惯，但有一种令人担忧的趋势：人们正因过度依赖"智能"机器而使自己陷入困境，尤其是在ChatGPT问世之后。 ）可知，作者在该段提到了"鱼"的这种行为是为了与人类过度依赖"智能"机器而不愿思考相比。故选C。
13、答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段Since its launch in November 2022，ChatGPT has drawn 1 million people to register during the first week.Its allure is obvious：ChatGPT can produce jokes，write undergraduate essays and create computer code from a short writing prompt（自2022年11月推出以来，ChatGPT在第一周就吸引了100万人注册。它的allure是显而易见的：ChatGPT可以写笑话，写本科生论文，并根据一个简短的写作提示创建计算机代码。）划线词上下文猜测可知，allure在此的意思是"吸引力"。A.Target目标；B.Attraction吸引力；C.Setting场景；D.Access通道。故选B。
14、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Computers have become more capable but they lack genuine thinking，developed in humans through constant social practices.（计算机的能力越来越强，但它们缺乏人类通过不断的社会实践而发展起来的真正的思维。）及最后一段开头 Humans have a long track of turning a blind eye to the risks of new breakthroughs.（长期以来，人类一直对新突破带来的风险视而不见。），最后一句Maybe the danger is not machines being treated like humans，but humans being treated like machines.（也许危险不是机器被当作人类对待，而是人类被当作机器对待。 ）可知，从最后两段可以推断出智能机器的强大存在着潜在的危险，可能人类被当作机器对待。故选A。
15、答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了随着计算机的能力越来越强，人类越来越依赖人工智能工具，且对其带来的风险视而不见。B选项"人类过度依赖智能工具"总结了文章的大意。故选B。
16、答案：①-⑤EGBCA
解析：①根据上文“In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems.(2022 年，一项关于未来人工智能风险的调查询问了700 多名顶尖学者和领先人工智能公司背后的研究人员。一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝)”结合第一段提到让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机，以及下文陈述人工智能将让人类面临危机可知，技术（人工智能）让所有人类都登上了这家可能坠毁的“飞机”。E 项“__________Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛)”符合语境。故选E。
②根据下文“It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities.(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了)”中的even harder 推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G 项“It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.(人类很难掌握 GPT-4 和类似工具的功能)”符合题意，difficult 呼应下文harder， 下文these tools 指代选项中的GPT-4 and similar tools。故选G。
③根据下文“From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. (从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家，甚至计算机代码)”可知，语言对人类来说尤为重要。再结合“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”推知，语言之所以重要是因为它是人类的操作系统。B 项“Language is the operating system of human culture.(语言是人类文化的操作系统)”符合题意。故选B。
④根据上文“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”和下文“What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion?(当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？)”推知，空处提到了一种人工智能操纵或者打败人类的情况，而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时 可能会产生难以预料的后果。C 项“In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中，没有人能指望打败电脑)”符合语境，下文的“the same thing”指代选项内容。故选C。
⑤空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“We are surrounded by culture,
experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence?(我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？)”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的，由此推知，人类很少直接接触现实。A 项 “Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.(人类通常无法直接接触现实)”符合题意，总起下文，reality 是关键词。故选A。
17、答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.earned获得；B.designed设计；C.offered提供；D.made制作。根据下文"the top prize at the Discovery Education 3 M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.（探索教育3 M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖项）"可知，吉坦贾利•拉奥获得了这个奖项，故选A项。
18、答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.exposed暴露；B.improved改善；C.defined定义；D.inspired启发。根据下文"her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water（她的城市面临着水资源紧急情况，水中铅含量过高）"以及"The idea didn't occur to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests.（直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才想到这个主意）"可知，她的城市面临着水资源中铅含量过高这一问题使吉坦贾利受到了启发，故选D项。
19、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.stick刺；B.belong属于；C.occur想到，发生；D.apply申请。根据下文"until I saw my parents try to do water tests（直到我看到父母试着做水测试）"可推理出，作者在看到父母试着做水测试时，想到了主意，故选C项。
20、答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.simple简单的；B.reliable可靠的；C.predictable可预测的；D.creative创造性的。根据上文"The test strips may show inaccurate results（测试条可能显示不准确的结果）"可知，测试条可能不可靠，故选B项。
21、答案：A
解析：考查副词及语境理解。D.initially最初；B.immediately立即；C.temporarily临时地；A.eventually最终。根据上文"She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts（她继续努力寻找合适的材料）"以及下文"found that carbon nanotube sensors can be used to sense chemicals（发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感应化学物质）可知，上下文要表达的含义是：吉坦贾利经过不断的努力，最终发现了碳纳米管传感器，故选A项。
22、答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.managed完成；B.promised承诺；C.pretended假装；D.happened发生。根据下文"build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside（建造了一个蓝色的小房子，里面有电脑芯片和电池）"可知，吉坦贾利成功地建成了小房子，故选A项。
23、答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.observation观察；B.command命令；C.instruction指导；D.control控制。根据下文"from her computer science teacher（来自于她的计算机科学老师）"可推理出是来自于她的计算机科学老师的指导，故选C项。
24、答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.access入口；B.results结果；C.decisions决定；D.approval同意。根据下文"sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.（通过连接的设备将数据发送到链接的手机）"可知该应用程序能提供即时的结果，故选B项。
25、答案：D
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.optional可选择的；B.complete完整的；C.continuous连续的；D.smooth光滑的；顺利的。根据下文"Kathleen Shafer，a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer，helped along the way.（Kathleen Shafer是一名科学家，她在夏天与吉坦贾利搭档担任她的老师，一路上她都在帮忙）"可知，吉坦贾利的项目设计需要老师的帮忙，并不是一帆风顺的，故选D项。
26、答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.changed改变；C.risked冒险；B.helped帮助；D.followed跟着。根据上文"Kathleen Shafer，a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer（Kathleen Shafer是一名科学家，她在夏天与吉坦贾利搭档担任她的老师）"可知，Kathleen Shafer—直都在帮助吉坦贾利，故选B项。
27、答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.stresses强调；B.credits把……归于；C.impresses给…….以深刻印象；D.provides提供。根据下文"constant support（不断支持）"可知，吉坦贾利把他的成功还归功于父母的不断支持，故选B项。
28、答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.encouragement鼓励；B.request要求；C.struggle挣扎；D.pressure压力。根据上文"constant support（不断支持）以及下文"try"crazy ideas"（尝试"疯狂的想法"）"可知，空白处应填表示"鼓励"含义的名词，故选A项。
29、答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.fortune命运；B.intention目的；C.honor荣誉；D.potential潜力。根据下文"winning the contest（赢得比赛）"可知，赢得比赛是一种荣誉，故选C项。
30、答案：D
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.keeps up with跟上；B.gets along with与……相处；C.takes care of照顾；D.speaks highly of高度赞扬。根据下文"she shows a lot of motivation to solve practical issues through science（她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的很大动力）"可知，Shafer对吉坦贾利有着很高的评价，故选D项。
31、答案：C
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.commercial商业的；C.practical实用的；B.academic学术的；D.systematic系统的。根据第三段"She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and eventually found that carbon nanotube sensors can be used to sense chemicals.（然后，她继续努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感应化学物质）"可知，吉坦贾利是通过科学解决的实际问题，故选C项。
32、答案：①covered②directly③to help④whether/if⑤what⑥Growing⑦was known⑧that⑨curiosity⑩The
解析：
33、答案：
To whom it may concern,
Delightedly informed that a pep rally for senior high school students is around the corner, I am writing to share my ideas.
First of all, it is very meaningful to invite our headmaster to deliver an inspiring speech, which can definitely lift up students’ spirits. Besides, interactive activities such as signing up their names on a large board or taking a group photo can give them a sense of participation, strengthening their determination to face the coming challenge.
I hope my suggestions can contribute to the successful launch of the rally.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：
34、答案：
Ethan pulled out his backpack, thinking that he should take something his brother may need. He a bottle of laundry detergent, which he thought could help clean his big brother’s dirty trousers. Nick’s pillow was also squished into the backpack as Ethan hold the belief that Nick could have a sound sleep with the very pillow. Then, Mom waked into the room and smiled, “You’re so thoughtful, Ethan. But you don’t have to pack all that. Nick has everything he needs there.”
Hearing Mom’s words, he cleared his backpack of the things he had just collected. It flashed on him that there was one gift, one of his newly shot photos, which his brother would be happy to receive. The next day when reunited at Nick’s college, Ethan reached into the pocket of his backpack, pulled out the photo and handed it to Nick. With the precious gift in hand, Nick hugged his little brother tightly, saying “My little brother knows me best! Thank you, Ethan.” The whole family were wild with delight as they got everything they needed—a warm and loving family, enjoying the company of each other.
解析：