2022-2023学年上海市奉贤区重点中学高二（下）月考英语试卷（含解析）

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2022-2023学年上海市奉贤区重点中学高二（下）月考英语试卷
1.
Be Careful on the Internet
Parents of boys at a Sydney private school have been urged to monitor their sons' use of social networking website，with a warning （1） ______ any mistakes made in teenage years could be permanently recorded on the Internet and catch up with them later in life.
The headmaster，Timothy Wright，wrote to parents on Thursday，（ 2） ______ （ explain）that younger boys were too immature to fully understand the possible consequences of disclosing private information on social networking sites."We now know that those parts of the brain （3） ______ deal with decision-making are still developing in a man in his 20s.'he said. 'But mistakes （4） ______ （ commit）at fifteen may be still accessible to an employer ten years later.
Modern technology means that a careless word，an ill-willed comment or an inappropriate photograph，are on permanent record and freely available to （5） ______ has access.Stupidities that （6） ______ （ forget） immediately before now last，spread and damage in ways unknown before this decade.
Dr Wright said that （7） ______ words spoken in the playground could be more easily forgotten，those captured on the Internet or on mobile phone text messages could have far more lasting and more hurtful consequences.
He urged parents to set ground rules for use of mobile phones and the Internet and in particular to set boundaries on taking and sending images that （8） ______ be used to bully others. "Parents who are paying for the Internet service have an unquestionable right（9） ______ （ insist） they are a friend on social networking websites.I would certainly insist on this（10） ______ at least the end of 16 if not later.'he wrote.
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2.

A.capable B.effectiveness C.employing D.exposure E.famously
F.joining G.limitation H.minimal I.precisely J.recognizing K.worthwhile
Clean Air Act
The air in modern homes and offices is pretty clean，but not as clean as it might be.Often it contains small amounts of volatile（挥发性的），poisonous，organic compounds.Long-term（1） ______ to these is a bad thing，so clearing them out of the air people breathe is widely accepted as （2） ______ .
Finding an effective way to do so has proved difficult.But Stuart Strand，Long Zhang and Ryan Routsong，of the University of Washington，in Seattle，think they have succeeded，As they report in Environmental Science and Technology，their method involves （3） ______ a gene from a rabbit into a popular indoor plant nicknamed Devil's vine—a type of ivy hat is so called because it is（4） ______ difficult to kill.
The idea of（5） ______ plants to de- pollute the atmosphere inside buildings has been around for decades-but has met with only qualified success.One experiment involving unmodified spider plants，for example，showed that they are indeed （6） ______ of removing formaldhyde （甲醛） from the air.The（7） ______ is that to make much of a difference in a space as large as a house would require turning most of the rooms into spider-plant forests.
Dr Strand，Dr Zhang and Mr Routsong thus sought something suitably transgenic （转基因的），but that does not flower indoors.The plant they settled on was Devil's vine，（ 8） ______ because of its toughness.With the help of a bacterium，they were able to ferry the rabbit version of the gene into the plant's chromosomes（染色体）， and thus to，engineer a type of Devil's vine able to produce an air-cleaning substance.To test the（9） ______ of their idea，the researchers put their modified ivy to work inside greenhouses filled with air containing high levels of harmful substances.The plants performed well，reducing the harmful substances in air to （10） ______ .
(1)
(2)
(3)
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Unwrapping your shopping to find you have bought mouldy（发霉的） bread，rotten fruit and sour milk could soon become a thing of the past，thanks to the range of emerging 'active packaging' technologies.While traditional packaging simply（1） ______ a barrier that protects food，active packaging can do a lot more.Some materials （2） ______ with the product to improve it in some way，or provide better information on the state it is in.（3） ______ ，they may absorb oxygen inside a wrapper to help prevent food spoilage or show whether potentially dangerous foods like red meat and chicken have been stored at unsafe temperatures.
One of the new breed of packaging technologies that has just gone on the market in France is a 'time temperature indicator'.Stores where the product has already been introduced report that far fewer consumers are returning（4） ______ food.The indicator is basically a label that（5） ______ the temperature a package has been kept at and for how long.The label has a dark ring around a lighter circle.The central ring contains a chemical which polymerises（聚合），changing colour as it does so from（6） ______ to dark.If the package stays cool，the reaction is slow，but increasing the temperature speeds up the polymerization.When the inner circle darkens，it means the product is no longer（7） ______ fresh.
Smart packaging can also control the（8） ______ of the atmosphere inside a container.For instance，the make-up of oxygen （O2）and carbon dioxide （CO2）within packaged vegetables will influence their freshness.This can be hard to control in a sealed package，since vegetables（9） ______ more oxygen and give off more carbon dioxide as the package gets warmer.A firm in California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls 'Intelimer' which changes its permeability（渗透）as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different produces at their best O2/CO2（10） ______ .
Decay can also be（11） ______ by controlling the environment inside a package with an 'oxygen scavenger'（清除剂）.（12） ______ ，this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with iron powder in the package - any oxygen in the package is consumed by the iron as it oxidises.However，consumers don't（13） ______ finding small bags marked 'Don't eat in their food'，so a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen.The（14） ______ includes an inner layer of an oxidisable polymer（聚合物）that traps oxygen in the same way as iron.
It is predicted that between 20 and 40 per cent of all food packaging will soon be （15） ______ .
3.  A. acts as B. belongs to C. deals with D. relies on
4.  A. interweave B. match C. interact D. interfere
5.  A. Even so B. For instance C. In consequence D. What's more
6.  A. broken B. inadequate C. spoilt D. unnecessary
7.  A. elevates B. lowers C. projects D. tracks
8.  A. neutral B. plain C. clear D. cloudy
9.  A. guaranteed B. observed C. purchased D. recognized
10.  A. composition B. context C. temperature D. tightness
11.  A. generate B. consume C. affect D. integrate
12.  A. components B. concentrations C. mixtures D. restrictions
13.  A. taken on B. sped up C. turned away D. slowed down
14.  A. Theoretically B. Apparently C. Surprisingly D. Currently
15.  A. resist B. mind C. favor D. protest
16.  A. metal B. form C. powder D. material
17.  A. effective B. productive C. active D. inviting
D
I'm a talker. I am keen on debating, gossiping and teasing when I have people to talk to. Under lockdown,however, I've only had my partner, Peter.
We not only lived, worked and travelled together, we mostly socialized together, too. Under the first UK lockdown, our already closeness began to feel uncomfortable. While talking to Peter, I could see his attention drift.
For the first time in our 10 years together, we needed to be alone. I tried to manufacture this by going on walks on my own, but a short walk wasn't doing the job. I had hiked in remote spaces all over the world but always in a pair or group - for safety reasons. I considered my options and hit upon an idea： the semi-solo hike.
Could we do a circular hike but walk in different directions？This would give us the space and peace of a solo hike - done by a person alone. It felt like a promising way out, and he agreed to give it a try.
We started with a four-mile loop （环路） from Reeth. At the start, we parted ways. At first, I was aware of how close we were, which lessened the appeal. As I gained ground, however, I found myself very much alone. I set my own pace, and I decided to take my time.
I sat on a rock and breathed out. That moment - with the weak sun through the clouds and the breeze blowing - felt extraordinary to me. I was born and raised in London and had never imagined leaving until I met an outdoorsman. Now, my former life as a city girl felt crazy. In remembering what I had gained, I felt the tension leave me. There, in the chilly air, I no longer needed to talk. The semi-solo hike gave us a shared experience with added room to breathe.
I didn't see Peter on the way but reunited back where we started, both pleased.
The semi-solo hike is admittedly silly in theory, but for me it has been a lifeline. It has given me the gift of time alone and, in a year of constant closeness, the joy of reuniting.
18. What motivated the author to adopt the semi-solo hike？ ______
A. Peter's disinterest in her words.
B. Her habit of venturing into the wild.
C. The lack of privacy under lockdown.
D. Her desire to engage in outdoor exercise.
19. How does the semi-solo hike work？ ______
A. Their routes coincide sometimes during the hike.
B. They depart in a separate way to different destinations.
C. They hike in each other's company throughout the journey.
D. They start and return to the same place by a different route.
20. Which of the following can describe the author's feelings when she sat on a rock？ ______
A. Fearless and refreshed. B. Free and relaxed.
C. Tense and depressed. D. Upset and embarrassed.
21. What message does the author convey with this text？ ______
A. An appropriate distance creates beauty.
B. There are more solutions than difficulties.
C. Access to nature is better than social circles.
D. Hiking helps improve interpersonal relationships.
E
A layover（临时滞留） or flight delay can be extremely fun in these international airports.
Munich Airport，Germany
Aviation（航空）lovers passing through Munich can take a behind-the-scenes tour to learn how the airport operates.Visitors can also tour three historic aircraft and a retired rescue helicopter，climb up to a 28-metre high observation platform for an up-close view of take-offs and landings，and watch films on aviation in the airport's 60-seat cinema.Travelers can also kill layover time at an 18-hole mini-golf course，or even stop in for a teeth cleaning at the airport dental office.
Changi Airport，Singapore
After a long flight to Singapore，travelers can relax in a Balinese-style swimming pool，work out at the airport gym，or enjoy a drink and live musical performances at the airport's Music Bar.The airport also boasts a tranquil butterfly garden，and a "fragrant garden" which is home to 15 species of plants and trees.Free movies at one of two airport cinemas also keep passengers entertained.
Schiphol Amsterdam Airport，the Netherlands
Schiphol is Europe's fifth-largest airport.Here passengers can view the works of Dutch masters free of charge，and try their luck at airport's casino（赌场）.You can even have your wedding ceremony at Schiphol-couples can choose from four different wedding packages，including a 1930-style ceremony held on a Dakota military aircraft.
San Francisco International Airport，California
The airport's 24-hour AirTrain not only moves passengers between terminal，but also provides a fun view of the runways.There are three aquariums（水族馆） to explore，along with interactive play area，an aviation museum，and a library.If that's not enough to keep the little ones busy，travelers can rent portable DVD players and movies for use in the airport.
22. What can travelers do at the Munich Airport？ ______
A. They can have their teeth cleaned.
B. They can watch free films in the 28-seat cinema.
C. They can visit one of three aquariums.
D. They can relax in a swimming pool.
23. Which is the unique feature of the Schiphol Amsterdam Airport？ ______
A. Passengers can see a retired rescue helicopter.
B. Passengers can visit a Munich military aircraft.
C. Passengers can get married there.
D. Passengers can play golf there.
24. Which airport was designed with kids in mind？ ______
A. Munich Airport.
B. Changi Airport.
C. Schiphol Amsterdam Airport.
D. San Francisco International Airport.
F
    Writer and journalist Cristina Odone aroused widespread anger by suggesting that her daughter was being pressured to take science for graduation exams and this was unreasonable for a child with a literary bent. She even claimed that "...this focus on STEM [Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics] subjects sends a message that makes her and me uncomfortable: doing a man's work is more impressive than doing a woman's."
    Like many others, I totally disagree with her position as a scientist. Taking science to age 16 should simply be seen as part of obtaining a well-rounded education. Furthermore, identifying STEM as a man's subject leads in part to our serious lack of diversity(多样性) in the scientific workforce. Meanwhile, many male authors and poets might be surprised to learn that literature is "woman's work".
    Novelist Lucy Ellman once wrote, "The purpose of artists is to ask the right questions, even if we don't find the answers, whereas the aim of science is to prove some silly points." But proving some silly points might save your life, light your home, allow you to surf the web or visit your relatives living far away. Only someone who has never considered how extensive the outputs of science are in our society could write such a "silly" sentence.
    However, having said that, I am not trying to denigrate the work of the humanities. I do not see this as an either/or situation but it's all part of being human. I admire and appreciate those who try to express things hard to be described in words, but it simply isn't my strength. I may wholeheartedly believe that science is vital but that doesn't mean I think the humanities (or indeed the social sciences) are not. Since science costs more to do than arts subjects, more funding should go to science. That statement is not equal to saying that the humanities should not be properly funded. Somehow, we are constantly being put in opposition, a divide that is damaging to both scientists and non-scientists.
    So why are the humanities important to me? I would say it is exactly because I am human. I sit here typing listening to a Schubert piano trio. I have been reading EP Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class to try to understand how our society was and is the shape it is. Scientists may be capable of dealing with the ethics(道德标准) of their work, but they cannot and should not answer the question of whether we should do this in isolation. Answering the many questions that our developing scientific capabilities throw up requires the input of researchers from many fields.
    So let us enjoy our capabilities on all fronts, recognizing that we each have different strengths and weaknesses. It's time to ban the damaging divide that sets one part of the research community against another and celebrate our humanity as well as the Humanities.
25. The writer quotes words from Cristina Odone and Lucy Ellman to show that ______.
A. doing a man's work is more impressive than doing a woman's
B. some people may have a narrow understanding of science
C. the purposes of artists and scientists are totally different
D. a well-rounded education is crucial to the diversity in society
26. By saying "I am not trying to denigrate the work of the humanities", the writer probably means ______.
A. I am not an expert in the work of the humanities
B. I don't think the work of the humanities important
C. I don't want to play down the work of the humanities
D. I admire and appreciate the work of the humanities
27. Why does the writer mention listening to music and reading books in Paragraph 5?
A. To explain how extensive the outputs of science are.
B. To call on scientists to understand the society and the shape of it.
C. To prove that the humanities are important to scientists too.
D. To advise scientists to deal with the ethics of their work.
28. The purpose of this passage is to ______.
A. reveal people's weakness in expressing complex thoughts in words
B. reject the idea that science only proves some silly points
C. illustrate that scientists have strengths and weaknesses
D. appeal to stop treating humanities and science as opposites.


A.To avoid misunderstanding，clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.
B.Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.
C.A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.
D.The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently.
E.Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.
F.Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face-to-face.
Virtual （虚拟） Teams
Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time. （1） ______ This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence，or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.
Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams.72 It is the way the team members communicate.They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies，such as emails，faxes，and teleconferences，and alike.Due to more limited communication channels，the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on，what people are selected，and how the team is managed.
（ 2） ______ One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work.That is to say，when each person's work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment，like in a sports team，there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time，and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time.
Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment. （3） ______ Another important quality is communication skills.The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals，performance standards，and communication rules.People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other. （4） ______
One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members.Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team.The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.
29.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
32.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
33. Directions： Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
These days, it's not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories,or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks. It's becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word： kidult.
What lies behind the phenomenon？ One is about adults' nostalgia （怀旧的） for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today's fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted.
Society traditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests,viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity（不成熟）and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome,an anomaly（异常） that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers.
From the standpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society's acceptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities.
34. "中国梦"对于中国年轻一代而言指的是什么呢？（refer） ______
35. 坐落在小区附近的发电站给周围的居民造成危害。（pose） ______
36. 这位致力于探索未知世界的冒险家为什么禁止回国仍然是个迷。（dedicate） ______
37. 直到他发现很难在如此激烈的社会中找到一份体面的工作，他才意识到不应该辍学。（Not until） ______
38. Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是李华，你所在班的班长正向全班征集主题为 "探索世界文明古迹"的海报创意，目前有金字塔（the pyramids of Egypt），巨石阵（Stonehenge），兵马俑（the Terra Cotta Warriors）三个古迹作为备选。给班长写信提出自己的想法，内容必须包括：
（1）你所选择的一处古迹以及你的理由；
（2）简要介绍海报的主要内容。
答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】that
【小题2】explaining
【小题3】that/which
【小题4】committed
【小题5】whoever
【小题6】were forgotten
【小题7】though/although/while
【小题8】may
【小题9】to insist
【小题10】until/till
【解析】（1）考查同位语从句。句意：悉尼一所私立学校的男孩家长被敦促监控他们儿子使用社交网站的情况，并警告说青少年时期犯下的任何错误都可能被永久记录在互联网上，并在以后的生活中受到影响。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作warning的同位语，从句中句意和结构均完整，应用连接词that。故填that。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：校长Timothy Wright周四致信家长，解释说，年龄较小的男孩太不成熟，无法完全理解在社交网站上泄露私人信息可能带来的后果。分析句子可知，本句中已有谓语动词wrote，且无连词连接，空处应用非谓语形式作伴随状语，主语the headmaster和动词explain逻辑上是主动关系，应用explain的现在分词形式explaining。故填explaining。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：我们现在知道，20多岁的男性大脑中那些处理决策的部分仍在发育。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词those parts of the brain，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
（4）考查过去分词。句意：但是十五岁时犯下的错误可能在10年后仍能被雇主发现。分析句子可知，空处作后置定语修饰名词mistakes，mistakes和动词commit逻辑上是被动关系，且该动作已经完成，应用commit的过去分词形式committed。故填committed。
（5）考查宾语从句。句意：现代技术意味着，一句大意的话、一句恶意的评论或一张不恰当的照片都会被永久记录下来，任何有权访问的人都可以自由地获取。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作介词to的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且结合语境可知，此处表示"任何一个人"都可以获取，应用连接代词whoever作引导词。故填whoever。
（6）考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：愚蠢行为以前会被立即遗忘，现在会以十年之前未知的方式持续存在、传播和破坏。空处在that引导的限制性定语从句作谓语，关系代词that指代先行词stupidities在从句中作主语，和动词forget之间为被动关系，结合时间状语before this decade可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是复数名词，be动词应用were。故填were forgotten。
（7）考查让步状语从句。句意：Wright博士说，虽然在操场上说的话更容易被遗忘，但在互联网或手机短信上说的话可能会造成更持久、更有害的后果。根据could be more easily forgotten和could have far more lasting and more hurtful consequences可推知，that引导的宾语从句中，前后两部分语义上为对立关系，且结合语境可知，此处表示"虽然，尽管"，应用从属连词though，although或while引导让步状语从句，故填though/although/while。
（8）考查情态动词。句意：他敦促家长为孩子使用手机和互联网制定基本规则，特别是在拍摄和发送可能被用来欺凌他人的照片方面设定界限。分析句子及空后be动词可知，此处表示这些照片"可能"被用来欺凌他人，空处应用情态动词may表示可能性。故填may。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：为互联网服务付费的父母有无可置疑的权利坚持他们社交网站上的朋友身份。名词right后面通常用动词不定式修饰，表示"做......的权利"，故填to insist。
（10）考查介词。句意：我肯定会坚持到至少16周岁，如果不是更晚的话。分析句子可知，insist是延续性动词，空处应用介词until或till，表示"直到"。故填until/till。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了悉尼一所私立学校的家长被要求监督儿子使用社交网站的情况，以防他们在青少年时期犯下可能被互联网永久记录的错误。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

2.【答案】【小题1】D
【小题2】K
【小题3】F
【小题4】I
【小题5】C
【小题6】A
【小题7】G
【小题8】E
【小题9】B
【小题10】H
【解析】（1）考查名词。句意：长期接触这些有害物质是件坏事，所以将它们从人们呼吸的空气中清除出去被广泛认为是值得的。Long-term为形容词后接名词，根据"Often it contains small amounts of volatile（挥发性的），poisonous，organic compounds."可知，空处填名词exposure"暴露"。故选D。
（2）考查形容词。句意：长期接触这些有害物质是件坏事，所以将它们从人们呼吸的空气中清除出去被广泛认为是值得的。worthwhile"值得的"符合句意。故选K。
（3）考查动词。句意：但是西雅图华盛顿大学的Stuart Strand、龙张和Ryan Routsong认为他们已经成功了，正如他们在环境科学和技术方面的报道一样。他们的方法是将兔子的一个基因与一种很受欢迎的室内植物---魔鬼藤---一种常春藤帽子---连接起来，因为它很难杀死。involve doing sth"涉及做某事"，根据"into a popular indoor plant nicknamed"可知，空处填动名词joining"联系，连接"故选F。
（4）考查副词。句意：但是西雅图华盛顿大学的斯图尔特•斯特兰德，龙•张和瑞安•劳特松认为他们已经成功了，正如他们在环境科学和技术方面的报告中所说，他们的方法是将兔子的基因与一种流行的室内植物结合，这种植物被称为魔鬼藤 ---一种常春藤帽子之所以这么叫是因为它很难被杀死。根据"Devil's vine"可知，空处填precisely"（用以加强同意的语气）的确如此"。故选I。
（5）考查动名词。句意：使用植物去除建筑物内空气污染的想法已经存在了几十年，但只取得了有限的成功。of后接动名词，根据"to de- pollute  the atmosphere inside buildings"可知，employ"利用，使用"符合句意。故选C。
（6）考查形容词。句意：例如，一项涉及未经改良的蜘蛛植物的实验表明，它们确实能够从空气中去除甲醛。are后接形容词，capable"能够的"符合句意。故选A。
（7）考查名词。句意：其局限性在于，要想在一个像房子一样大的空间里发挥很大的作用，就需要把大部分房间变成蜘蛛植物的森林。The后接名词做主语。根据"to make much of a difference in a space as large as a house would require turning most of the rooms into spider-plant forests."可知，指局限性。故选G。
（8）考查副词。句意：他们选定的植物是魔鬼藤，因其韧性而闻名。副词作状语，根据"because of its toughness"可知，魔鬼藤因其韧性而闻名。famously"闻名地"。故选E。
（9）考查名词。句意：为了测试他们的想法的有效性，研究人员将他们改造过的常春藤放在充满有害物质的空气的温室里。test后接名词作宾语，根据"the researchers put their modified ivy to work inside greenhouses filled with air containing high levels of harmful substances."可知，effectiveness"有效性"符合句意。故选B。
（10）考查形容词。句意：这些植物表现良好，将空气中的有害物质减少到最低限度。根据"The plants performed well"可知，minimal"最低限度的"符合句意。故选H。
这是一篇说明文。现代家庭和办公室里的空气相当干净，但并没有想象中那么干净。它通常含有少量的挥发性、有毒的有机化合物。长期接触这些有害物质是有害健康的。研究人员将他们改造过的常春藤放在充满有害物质的空气的温室里。这些植物表现良好，将空气中的有害物质减少到最低限度。
英语选词填空的解题方法与技巧
1　　、在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。
2　　、通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。

3~17.【答案】A、C、B、C、D、C、A、A、B、B、D、D、C、D、C
【解析】（1）A．考查动词短语及语境理解。A.acts as起……作用，充当；B.belongs to属于；C.deals with处理；D.relies on依靠。句意：传统包装只是起到保护食品的屏障作用，而活性包装可以做得更多。由空后的"a barrier that protects food"和常识可知，传统包装起保护食品的作用。故选A项。
（2）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.interweave交织；B.match匹配；C.interact相互作用；D.interfere干涉。句意：一些材料与产品相互作用，以某种方式改进产品，或提供有关产品状态的更好信息。由下文的"to improve it in some way，or provide better information on the state it is in"可知，此处在讲新型活性包装技术，要想以新的方式改进产品，提供更好的服务，那么传统包装是不行的，只能材料和产品相互作用，产生一种新型包装。故选C项。
（3）B．考查固定搭配及语境理解。A.Even so即便如此；B.For instance例如；C.In consequence因此；D.What's more更重要的是。句意：例如，它们可能会在包装内吸收氧气，以帮助防止食物变质，或者显示像红肉和鸡肉这样拥有潜在（变质的）危险食品是否储存在不安全的温度下。由上文的"to improve it in some way，or provide better information on the state it is in"和下文的"they may absorb oxygen inside a wrapper to help prevent food spoilage or show whether potentially dangerous foods like red meat and chicken have been stored at unsafe temperatures"可知，上文讲新型活性包装技术可以更好的保护食品，下文对"新型活性包装技术的作用"进行举例说明。故选B项。
（4）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.broken破碎的；B.inadequate不充分的；C.spoilt变质的；D.unnecessary不需要的。句意：已经推出该产品的商店报告说，退回变质食品的消费者要少得多。由空前的"returning"可知，消费者肯定是把"变质的"食品退回商店。故选C项。
（5）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.elevates评价；B.lowers降低；C.projects计划；D.tracks跟踪。句意：指示器基本上是一个标签，用于跟踪包装的温度和保存时间。由上文的"a ‘time temperature indicator'"和下文的"the temperature a package has been kept at the and how long"可知，在产品包装上放上"时间温度指示器"，是为了跟踪包装的温度和保存时间（以便提供有关产品状态的更好信息）。故选D项。
（6）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.neutral中立的；B.plain坦诚的；C.clear清晰的；D.cloudy多云的。句意：中心环含有一种可以聚合的化学物质，在聚合过程中颜色会从透明变暗。由上文的"The label has a dark ring around a lighter circle."和空前的"changing colour as it does so from"可知，指示器是一个周围有较亮圆圈的深色环，说明指示器的颜色会由明到暗，此处谈及颜色的变化，应该是由清晰变暗淡。故选C项。
（7）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.guaranteed保证；B.observed观察；C.purchased购买；D.recognized认出。句意：当内圈变暗时，意味着产品不再保证新鲜。由上文的"The label has a dark ring around a lighter circle."可知，指示器的颜色会由明到暗，如果指示器颜色变暗，说明产品不再保证新鲜。故选A项。
（8）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.composition成分；B.context语境；C.temperature温度；D.tightness紧张。句意：智能包装还可以控制容器内的气体成分。由下文的"oxygen（O2）and carbon dioxide（CO2）"和"California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls‘Intelimer' which changes its permeability （渗透）as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different produces at theirbestO2/CO2 （10）____."可知，加利福尼亚州一家公司研发的名为"Intelimer"的包装物可以使不同的产品保持最佳的O2/CO2浓度，说明智能包装还可以控制容器内的气体成分。故选A项。
（9）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.generate引起；B.consume消耗；C.affect影响；D.integrate整合。句意：这在密封包装中很难控制，因为随着包装温度的升高，蔬菜消耗更多的氧气，释放更多的二氧化碳。由空后的" give off more carbon dioxide"可知，只有消耗氧气，才会释放二氧化碳。故选B项。
（10）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.components成分；B.concentrations浓度；C.mixtures混合物；D.restrictions限制。句意：加利福尼亚州的一家公司正试图用一种被称为"Intelimer"的包装物来解决这个问题，这种包装物随着温度的变化而改变其渗透性，从而使不同的产品保持最佳的O2/CO2浓度。由上文的"the make-up of oxygen（O2）and carbon dioxide（CO2）within packaged vegetables will influence their freshness.This can be hard to control in a sealed package"和"California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls ‘Intelimer'"可知，传统密封包装很难控制包装中的氧气和二氧化碳成分组成（因而很难使食品保鲜），而新型包装能解决这个问题，控制氧气和二氧化碳的浓度（使食品保鲜）。故选B项。
（11）D．考查动词短语及语境理解。A.taken on承担；B.sped up加速；C.turned away拒绝……进入；D.slowed down减速。句意：通过使用"氧气清除剂"控制包装内的环境，也可以减缓衰变。由常识和本处的"by controlling the environment inside a package with an ‘oxygen scavenger'（清除剂）"可知，东西会氧化，就会腐坏变质，如果清除包装内的氧气，衰变（Decay）就会减缓。故选D项。
（12）D．考查副词及语境理解。A.Theoretically理论上地；B.Apparently明显地；C.Surprisingly惊讶地；D.Currently目前。句意：目前，这是通过在包装中放置一个装满铁粉的小袋子来实现的--当铁氧化时，包装中的任何氧气都会被铁消耗掉。由下文的"this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with iron powder in the package — any oxygen in the package is consumed by the iron as it oxidises"可知，清除包装内的氧气，目前通过包装中放置一个装满铁粉的小袋子实现了。故选D项。
（13）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.resist抵制；B.mind介意；C.favor喜欢；D.protest抗议。句意：然而，消费者不喜欢发现标有"不要在食物中进食"的小袋子，因此新泽西州的一家公司正在制造一种自身消耗氧气的包装。由下文的"so a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen"可知，新泽西州的一家公司正在制造一种自身消耗氧气的包装，说明标有"不要在食物中进食"的铁粉小袋子不受欢迎，消费者不喜欢。故选C项。
（14）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.metal金属；B.form形式；C.powder粉末；D.material材料。句意：该材料包括可氧化聚合物的内层，这种可氧化聚合物以与铁相同的方式捕获氧。由下文的"an inner layer of an oxidisable polymer"可知，此处讲这种材料的构成。故选D项。
（15）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.effective有效的；B.productive多产的；C.active活性的；D.inviting诱人的。句意：据预测，20%至40%的食品包装不久将拥有活性保鲜能力。由上文语境可知，文章介绍了一款可以让食物保持新鲜的新型活性包装技术"时间温度指示器"，通过活性包装使食品保鲜，此处是推测未来有部分包装食品将拥有活性保鲜能力。故选C项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款可以让食物保持新鲜的新型活性包装技术"时间温度指示器"，介绍了其工作原理。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。

18~21.【答案】C、D、B、A
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段中"Under the first UK lockdown, our already closeness began to feel uncomfortable. While talking toPeter, I could see his attention drif.（在英国的第一次封锁下，我们的亲密关系开始变得不舒服。在和彼得谈话时，我看得出他的注意力在转移。） "可知，在封锁下，作者和彼得的亲密关系变得不舒服，交流不自在，结合第三段中"For the first time in our 10years together, we needed to be alone.（我们在一起10年了，这是我们第一次需要独处。） "以及"I considered my options and hitupon an idea： the semi-solo hike.（我考虑了一下自己的选择，想出了一个主意：半独自徒步旅行。）"可以推知，在封锁下，他们缺乏隐私，需要独处，这促使作者采取半独自徒步旅行。故选C.
（2）D.细节理解题。根据第四段中"Could we do a circular hike but walk in different directions？（我们可以绕着圈走，但要往不同的方向走吗？）"以及第七段"1 didn't see Peter on the way but reunited back where we started, both pleased.（我没有在路上看到彼得，而是回到了我们出发的地方，双方都很高兴。）"可知，半独自徒步旅行是他们出发旅行并通过不同的路线返回同一个地方。故选D.
（3）B.推理判断题。根据第六段中"1 sat on a rock and breathed out. That moment一with the weak sun through the clouds and thebreeze blowing一felt extraordinary to me.（我坐在一块岩石上，呼气。那一刻一微弱的阳光穿过云层，微风吹过一对我来说感觉非同寻常的。） "可以推知，作者坐在岩石上时的感受是自由放松的。A. Fearless and refreshed.无所畏惧，精力充沛；B. Free and relaxed自由和放松；C. Tense and depressed紧张和沮丧；D. Upset and embarrassed沮丧和尴尬。故选B.
（4）A.推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段"The semi-solo hike is admittedly slly in theory, but for me it has been a lfeline. It hasgiven me the gift of time alone and, in a year of constant closeness, the joy of reuniting.（诚然，这种半独自徒步旅行在理论上是愚蠢的，但对我来说，它是一条救生索。它给了我独处的时间，在这一年亲密无间的日子里，也给了我再次相聚的快乐。） "可知，本文讲述了通过进行半独自徒步旅行，作者既有独处的时间，也有再次相聚的快乐，传递了（朋友之间）适当的距离创造美的信息。故选 A.
这是一篇记叙文。 文章讲述了作者和朋友彼得进行半独自徒步旅行，作者既有独处的时间，也有再次相聚的快乐，从而感悟适当的距离创造美。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

22~24.【答案】A、C、D
【解析】（1）A．细节理解题。由Munich Airport ，Germany的or even stop in for a teeth cleaning at the airport dental office.            或者甚至在机场牙科诊所做牙齿清洁工作，可知在慕尼黑机场旅客可以清洁牙齿。A.他们可以去洗牙；B.他们可以在有28个座位的电影院看免费电影；C.他们可以参观三个水族馆中的一个；D.他们可以在游泳池里放松。故选A．
 （2）C．细节理解题。由Schiphol Amsterdam Airport  ，the Netherlands 的You can even have your wedding ceremony at Schiphol        ，可知旅客可以在阿姆斯特丹机场可以举行婚礼，A.乘客可以看到一架退役的救援直升机；B.乘客可以参观慕尼黑军用飞机；C.乘客可以在那里结婚；D.乘客可以在那里打高尔夫球。可知选C．
 （3）D．细节理解题。由San Francisco International Airport   ，California的If that's not enough to keep the little ones busy         ，travelers can rent portable DVD players and movies for use in the airport.            如果这还不足以让小家伙们忙起来，旅行者可以租用便携式DVD播放器和电影，供机场使用。可见旧金山机场是把孩子考虑在内而建造的。A.Munich Airport.慕尼黑机场；B.Changi Airport.樟宜机场；C.Schiphol Amsterdam Airport.阿姆斯特丹史基浦机场；D.San Francisco International Airport.可旧金山国际机场。知选D.
本文介绍了几个有趣的国际机场，它们有迷你高尔夫球场，泳池，赌场，水族馆等。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．细节理解题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体．做这类题一般采用寻读法．即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案．

25~28.【答案】B、C、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】作者通过这篇文章向我们证明了人文科学对科学家们也很重要，并且向我们呼吁停止人文和科学的对立。
1. 根据第二段Like many others, I totally disagree with her position as a scientist...literature is "woman's work".可知，作者不认同Cristina Odone所说的16岁的孩子不该学科学以及将科学划分为男性的工作而将文学划分为女性的工作；根据第三段Only someone who has never considered how extensive the outputs of science are in our society could write such a "silly" sentence.可知，作者也不同意Novelist Lucy Ellman所说的科学的目的只是为了证明愚蠢的观点，作者引用这两个人的话是为了证明有些人对科学的理解可能很狭隘。故选B。
2. 根据第四段I may wholeheartedly believe that science is vital but that doesn't mean I think the humanities (or indeed the social sciences) are not.以及That statement is not equal to saying that the humanities should not be properly funded.可知，作者认为人文学科同样重要，因此作者话中的意思是不想贬低人文学科的工作。故选C。
3. 根据本段的主题句So why are the humanities important to me?可知，作者在本段举的听音乐和阅读的例子都是为了证明人文学科对科学家的重要性以及原因。故选C。
4. 根据最后一段的呼吁It's time to ban the damaging divide that sets one part of the research community against another and celebrate our humanity as well as the Humanities.（是时候禁止研究界中一部分人与另一部分人之间的破坏性分歧了，是时候颂扬我们的人性和人文学科了。）可知，one part指的是科学，another指的是人文学科，humanity指的是人性，即人文和科学的统一，由此可知，作者的写作目的是呼吁停止把人文和科学对立起来。故选D。

29~32.【答案】E、B、D、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time.（虚拟团队是一个能让人们在同一时间不用坐在一个办公室里的人团结协作解决问题。）和下文This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence，or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.（虚拟团队尤其适用于用它建立国籍覆盖面的公司，或者不太需要来自于不愿意出门的人们的共同的技能或知识。）可知，E选项Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.（这样的团队现在广泛地被公司和组织使用，用它可以减少商业成本。）与上下文意思一致，"Such teams"与上文一致，"now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs"与下文意思一致，起承上启下的作用。故选E。
（2）推理判断题。根据下文One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work.（一种挑战情况就是严重依赖于协调工作的项目.）可知，这一段是说不是所有类型的项目都适合虚拟团队。B选项Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.（并不是所有类型的项目都适合虚拟团队。）符合语境。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment.（不是所有人都能在虚拟团队中发挥良好水平。）可知，这里是对虚拟团队中的队员的要求。D选项The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently.（成员必须是自发的，能够独立工作的。）与其意思一致。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other.（关于对彼此的预期，人们有各种不同的设想。）所以，接下来应该是如何避免误会应该有一些规定。A选项To avoid misunderstanding，clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.（为避免误解，所有人理解并赞成的清楚的规定是必要的。）与上文意思一致。故选A。
本文是说明文。文章主要向读者介绍什么是虚拟团队以及他们的优缺点。
六选四阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

33.【答案】Kidults refer to adults who take up childhood interests. 【高分句型一】（什么是Kidults）The growing phenomenon can be explained by their desire to recapture childhood pleasures and their ability to afford them because of delayed marriage. Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible, kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is due largely to social factors.【高分句型二】（Kidults行为的原因）
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，童心未泯的成人指的是那些和童年时一样有兴趣的成年人。这种日益增长的现象可以解释为，他们渴望重获童年的快乐，而由于推迟结婚，这使他们有能力负担得起自己想要的玩具。虽然传统上被认为是不成熟和不负责任的，但童心未泯的成人认为这种无害的行为，有利于个人和显示他们的独立思考，这种现象很大程度上是由社会因素引起的。
高分句型一
Kidults refer to adults who take up childhood interests.
翻译：Kidults是指从事儿童兴趣的成年人。
分析：这句话运用关系代词who引导的定语从句。
高分句型二
Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible, kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is due largely to social factors.
翻译：虽然传统上认为不成熟和不负责任，kidults认为这种无害的行为，有利于个人和显示他们的独立思考，主要是由于社会因素。
分析：这句话运用关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句。
写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节；
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容；
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬；
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好；
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。

34.【答案】What does "Chinese dream" refer to for the younger generation of China？
【解析】答案：What does "Chinese dream" refer to for the younger generation of China？1.因指的是现在的事情，要用一般现在时；2.refer to指的是；提及。故填：What does "Chinese dream" refer to for the younger generation of China？
"中国梦"对于中国年轻一代而言指的是什么呢？
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

35.【答案】The power plant which is located near the neighbourhood poses dangers to the nearby residents.
【解析】1.因表示的是一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时；2.which is located near the neighbourhood是定语从句修饰先行词The power plant；3.be located near位于附近；pose danger to对……构成危险。
故填：The power plant which is located near the neighbourhood poses dangers to the nearby residents.
坐落在小区附近的发电站给周围的居民造成危害。
考查汉译英，注意汉英之间的差异，汉语与英语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示进行翻译，使句意更通顺。

36.【答案】Why the adventurer who had been dedicated to exploring the unknown was prohibited from returning to his country remains a mystery.
【解析】根据句意，表示"仍然是"描述的是现在的情况，所以使用一般现在时态，表示"被禁止回国"发生在"仍然是"之前，应使用一般过去时，而"一直致力于探险"这一动作发生在"被禁止回国之前"所以使用过去完成时；表示"冒险家"应为the adventurer，表示"致力于探索未知世界的"为定语从句，"冒险家"在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词who，表示致力于"应为be dedicated to，用于过去完成时应为had been dedicated to，表示"探索未知世界"应为explore the unknown，位于介词to之后，所以explore应使用动名词形式作宾语，所以定语从句翻译为who had been dedicated to exploring the unknown；表示"冒险家为什么禁止回国"应为why引导的主语从句，从句的主语为the adventurer，"被禁止"作主语从句的谓语，应为be prohibited from，根据上文分析，该动作使用一般过去时态，句子主语是第三人称单数，所以be动词为was，表示"回国"应为return to his country，其余介词from之后，所以应使用动名词形式作宾语，所以主语从句译为Why the adventurer was prohibited from returning to his country；表示"仍然是"应为主句的谓语，根据上文分析，此处应是一般现在时态，且主语从句作主语时，谓语动词使用三单形式，即remains，表示"一个迷"应为a mystery作主句的表语。
故翻译为：Why the adventurer who had been dedicated to exploring the unknown was prohibited from returning to his country remains a mystery。
这位致力于探索未知世界的冒险家为什么禁止回国仍然是个迷。
翻译是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译。

37.【答案】Not until he finds it hard to find a decent job in such a competitive society does he realize he shouldn't have dropped out of school.
【解析】1.因表示的是一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时；2.not until"直到……"，置于句首时，句子要用倒装结构，本句将助动词does置于主语he前构成部分倒装；3.he shouldn't have dropped out of school是宾语从句；4.it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to find a decent job in such a competitive society；5.a decent job一份体面的工作；dropped out of school辍学。
故填：Not until he finds it hard to find a decent job in such a competitive society does he realize he shouldn't have dropped out of school.
直到他发现很难在如此激烈的社会中找到一份体面的工作，他才意识到不应该辍学。
考查汉译英，注意汉英之间的差异，汉语与英语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示进行翻译，使句意更通顺。

38.【答案】I strongly recommend the Terracotta Warriors to you，which are in the list of UNESCO.【高分句型一】（你所选择的一处古迹以及你的理由） Located to the northeast of Xi'an，there are more than 8，000 statues made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang!Each statue has a different face，leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.【高分句型二】The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb，which still has not been completely unearthed.More than 700，000 people worked for nearly 40 years to build this tomb.However，no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974，when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well!Come and enjoy the grand and unbelievable wonders.（简要介绍海报的主要内容）
【解析】高分句型一：I strongly recommend the Terracotta Warriors to you，which are in the list of UNESCO.
翻译：我强烈推荐兵马俑，它们在联合国教科文组织的名单上。
分析：本句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Each statue has a different face，leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.
翻译：每一尊雕像都有不同的面孔，这让研究人员相信每一尊都是真实士兵的复制品。
分析：本句使用了现在分词短语 leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier作状语以及that引导的宾语从句。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。