2022届湖南四大名校猜题卷-英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2022届湖南四大名校猜题卷-英语试题（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，开放性作文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届湖南四大名校猜题卷-英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Kauai Waimea Canyon & Koke’e Adventure
Depart: 7:30 am Return: 5:30 pm
$170.00
Journey through the heart of Kauai’s countryside where you’ll view what Mark Twain described as the “Grand Canyon of the Pacific”. Then hike down a nature trail in Koke’e State Park for an easy hike surrounded by native Hawaiian plants and animals.
PRICE INCLUDES: Lunch from Waimea Plantation Cottages
Kauai Movie Adventure
Depart: 7:00 AM Return: 11:00 AM
$170.00
A movie adventure tour for young and old, movie and nature lovers! You’ll visit many famous sites on Kauai where Hollywood blockbusters and TV shows were filmed. Your backstage pass will take you to scenic locations with your film buff guide and you’ll even view video of those notable films.
PRICE INCLUDES: Round-Trip Transportation
Big Island Volcano Tour
Depart: 7:45 AM Return: 7:00 PM
$170,00
Discover the source of Hawaii Island’s creation at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park! Explore waterfalls, craters (火山口), and the tsunami-stricken city of Hilo on this comprehensive volcano adventure tour. Bear witness to the 2018 eruption that dramatically changed the island’s landscape.
PRICE INCLUDES: Round-Trip Transportation, Expert Driver Guide, Admission to Volcanoes National Park
Road to Hana Tour
Depart: 7:00 AM Return: 6:30 PM
$214.00
We provide the best way to fully experience the incredible 620 curves and beautiful 59 single-lane bridges along the way. We will make stops along the way at some of the most well-known locations, including a conditions-permitting waterfall swim stop. And the exclusive lunch is the best in Hana.
PRICE INCLUDES: Round-Trip Transportation, Expert Driver Guide, Continental Breakfast.
1．When does the Big Island Volcano Tour leave?
A．7:00 a. m. B．7:30 a. m. C．7:45 a. m. D．7:45 p. m.
2．What could tourists probably do during Road to Hana Tour?
A．Drive along the bridge. B．Swim under the waterfall.
C．Make stops at the beach. D．Have an exclusive free lunch.
3．What do these tours have in common?
A．They are for nature lovers. B．They last till late afternoon.
C．They provide tour guide service. D．They are filmed in TV shows.

As human beings retreat (退回) into their homes with the covid-19 expanding across the world, nature seems to be taking back urban areas.
According to The Straits Times, many wild animals have recently skipped onto empty streets in many cities. In Spain, a wild boar (野猪) climbed down the hills and wandered around Barcelona. Sika deer nosed their way around the deserted subway stations of Nara in Japan. It is certainly great news for species because this is the habitat they once had and that humans have taken away from them.
Hundreds of years ago, people lived in harmony with wildlife. They shared natural resources from sunlight to water and from forests to land. But as human beings evolved and formed their own civilizations, they fought with animals for more space and resources. Gradually, human beings came to lose connection with nature. More skyscrapers were built to meet the needs of the flock of people in the cities, which drove away many wild animals from their habitats.
However, the recent lockdown of cities during the pandemic gives a chance of freeing space for other animals and reflecting on humans’ relationship with nature. Stuck indoors, with their worlds reduced to a few square meters, urban people have suddenly become keen bird-watchers. They have realized that the sky is a great arena — anything can fly past and, at the very least, it will give them peace. The message is simple: keep looking up.
Right now the most important phenomenon perhaps is humans’ relationship with nature is changing-with people locked up in their homes realizing how much they miss nature. More importantly, by missing nature, humans may come to respect — and live in harmony with-nature once again.
4．What keeps human beings indoors according to the text?
A．Expansion of the world. B．Spread of a disease.
C．Return of wild animals. D．Retreat of urban areas.
5．Which is a benefit of being locked down?
A．A quieter city. B．busier sky.
C．A better human-nature relationship. D．civilized habitat.
6．What does the underlined word “arena” mean in the fourth paragraph?
A．Stage. B．Room.
C．Cage. D．Message box.
7．Which of the following is a suitable title of the text?
A．Mankind wins. B．Nature rages.
C．Wildlife moves in. D．Citizens resist.

In 2000, famed evolutionary theorist Stephen Jay Gould said, “There’s been no biological change in humans in 40,000 or 50,000 years. We’ve built everything we call culture and civilization with the same body and brain.” Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say — and they have evidence to back up the claim.
Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today. Some people have a genetic variant that protects them from malaria (疟疾),  which infects and kills millions of people every day. These people will be more likely to live and pass on that variant to their children.
Scientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection thanks to a technology: the ability to sequence (测定序列) the human genome quickly and inexpensively. But not all the tools that uncover such evidence are so high tech. Church records that list births, marriages, and deaths offer a unique window into evolution on a population.
Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University, dug into this type of data and found that natural selection favors an earlier start to reproduction — in other words, more time to have children. The more children, the more chances are for evolution.
There’s another important actor in this evolutionary play: culture. When people move from one population to another, they take their genes with them, and that changes the genes in both the populations they leave and the ones they join. “That is actually one of the most important systems for modern human evolution,” Scott says. “In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before.
8．Why does the author mention genetic variant in the 2nd paragraph?
A．To explain a biological phenomenon. B．To prove an evolutionary theory.
C．To stress the seriousness of malaria. D．To highlight efforts by scientists.
9．What may contribute to the discovery of ongoing natural selection?
A．Rapid genetic changes. B．Increasing research budget.
C．Birth records from the government. D．Advancement in technology.
10．What can we infer from Scott Solomon’s study?
A．Church records show a trend of early reproduction.
B．Population movement has reached the peak.
C．More children will benefit the whole society.
D．Culture influences evolution greater than technology.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To present a new point of view. B．To argue against natural selection.
C．To defend Stephen Jay Gould. D．To explore a new method.

There are traditionally two ways to make a leather jacket. One involves a cow, and takes years. The other involves man-made material and requires plastic. But there’s a third option: fungus (真菌).
Over the last decade, companies like Bolt Threads have begun manufacturing (制造) and selling fungal leather as an environmentally sustainable replacement for both cow skin and plastic. Previously, there wasn’t much research to support their claims. But a study published by Dr. Alexander Bismarck, a materials scientist at the University of Vienna, and his colleagues last week in Nature Sustainability finds that fungal leather works quite well when it comes to usefulness and sustainability.
Wearing fungal leather doesn’t mean wearing a motorcycle jacket made from mushrooms. Instead it’s made from a mat of mycelium, the threadlike root networks from which fruiting bodies spring up after rain. These mycelial mats grow easily on just about any organic material. Dr. Bismarck said the potential for custom materials is huge.
Fungal leather is potentially more sustainable than other leather sources. The tanning process ( making animal skin into leather by treating it with chemicals ) is energy-consuming and produces quite a bit of waste — and the production of man-made leather requires plastic, which involves oil. “ You’re getting a biological organism to do all of your manufacturing for you, so there’s no real energy requirement, said Mitchell Jones, lead author from the Vienna University of Technology. “ Once you’ve got this material, you can process it according to quite simple chemical treatments compared to what you normally do for leather tanning. ”
The fungal leather industry is still in its early stages, and is largely producing proofs of concept for the luxury market: prototypes (样品) of Bolt Threads’ fungal leather handbag sold for about $400. But Dr. Jones believes that the costs are likely to drop as the industry grows, saying “ The technology to mass-produce mushrooms is already there. ”
12．What may be the main purpose of the new research?
A．To predict the future of the fungal leather industry.
B．To compare some different ways to make leather.
C．To test a group of sustainable leather sources.
D．To evaluate the performance of fungal leather.
13．Which of the following are used to produce fungal leather?
A．Mycelial mats. B．Fruiting bodies.
C．Mushrooms’ caps. D．Mushrooms’ stems.
14．What is an advantage of fungal leather over traditional leather?
A．It seldom needs leather tanning. B．It involves cheaper chemicals.
C．It needs less processing time. D．It saves a lot of energy.
15．What does Dr. Jones think of Bolt Threads’ fungal leather handbags?
A．They will flood the luxury market. B．Their prices can be lowered easily.
C．They may threaten the mushroom industry. D．Their popularity in the future is skeptical.


二、七选五
We are so focused on building relationships with others that we often forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves. 16 . How can we have good relationships with others if we don’t even have good relationship with ourselves?
The problem might be worse than we expect. 17 Here is a simple checklist; is there anything you don’t like about yourself from the list?
•Your past
Maybe you have made mistakes in the past which you feel bad about. You might be disappointed with yourself on why you could make such mistakes. Even if that happened in distant past, your subconscious mind still has a reason not to like yourself.
18
You might wish that you were born in a different family. Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others, who seem to get whatever they want effortlessly just because of their background.
•Your personality traits
You might have some personality traits that you don’t like. For example, you may be an intro vert (性格内向者) and you don’t like it; you wish you are an extrovert. 19 , and no matter how hard you have tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them. You might then think that it’s because you are not smart enough or don’t have enough talents. All these give reasons to you not to like yourself. That in turn makes it difficult for you to be a good friend to yourself.
Fortunately, there are always things you can do to fix the situation. Forgive yourself, accept things you can’t change, focus on your strengths and always be true to yourself! Even if I have lost every other friend on earth, I shall at least have one friend left. 20 .
A．It shall be down inside of me
B．That is the crucial first step if we are to have good relationships with others
C．Your background
D．Maybe we don’t like ourselves without realizing it
E．We have to solve the problem
F．Besides, other people might have better achievements than you
G．You might have tried to make great achievements


三、完形填空
“Mother Serious. Start Immediately,” said the express telegram, throwing our entire house into chaos. My mother began crying, while my father began 21 quickfire instructions to my two brothers and me to pack for the six-and-a-half-hour journey to our village in Rajoli.
At 12, 11 and 9 years old, we boys were too 22 to sense the mood, and were excited at the 23 holiday. After a long bus ride, we had to cross a river. But the river was full and there were no boats to 24 us across.
Clearly we were in a 25 , unable to move forward or go back home. The only 26 in the area was an old inspection bungalow. Its doors were locked. My brothers and I remained 27 our difficult situation — we played in the garden until hunger and tiredness overtook us.
By dusk, our father was a 28 man, with no clue about our next move. Suddenly, we 29 a lone man walking towards us. He was the bungalow 30 As Father explained our 31 situation, he let us into the building and asked us if we had had anything to eat. The three of us shook our heads. He then 32 to the riverbank with a towel, where he caught a couple of fish using it as a net, made a fire and started cleaning and cooking the 33 .
It was a simple meal, but the watchman’s 34 and selfless generosity made it a 35 . I’ve never forgotten in the 50-odd years.
21．A．reporting B．following C．delivering D．relaying
22．A．sick B．silly C．risky D．young
23．A．unexpected B．indifferent C．ignored D．spoiled
24．A．push B．put C．lift D．ferry
25．A．danger B．dilemma C．battle D．circle
26．A．place B．chance C．structure D．difference
27．A．unaware of B．interested in C．confused about D．excited about
28．A．surprised B．determined C．calm D．worried
29．A．recognised B．spotted C．greeted D．stopped
30．A．owner B．visitor C．designer D．watchman
31．A．doubtful B．laughable C．unpleasant D．explored
32．A．set off B．searched around C．hurried back D．gave way
33．A．vegetables B．meal C．catch D．victim
34．A．kindness B．patience C．honesty D．wisdom
35．A．moment B．feast C．pride D．difference


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The journalists from home and abroad for Beijing 2022 were invited to an online city tour of Wuhan in 36 (center) China at the Main Media Center here on Sunday.
The theme of 37 online tour is “Visit the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan and taste the flavor of life by the Yangtze River.”
38 the tour, journalists were able to overlook the city landscape on the top floor of Yellow Crane Tower, one of 39 (famous) towers that boast a long history. They also learned about Han embroidery and local food.Video reporter of China Media Group Zhu Shuying said, “I’m very happy 40 (participate) in this activity 41 makes my life in the closed-loop more colorful.”
This was the 19th online tour organized by the Beijing 2022 42 (organizer) since January 7, which has attracted more than 900 Chinese and foreign reporters. Previous tours 43 (include) themes like visiting the Palace Museum to know the restoration techniques of cultural relics, 44 (explore) the ritual and music culture of China in Qufu, Shandong, and embracing diverse “Fu” culture in Three Lanes and Seven Alleys, Fuzhou, Fujian.
Ian Whitbread of Getty Images said in an interview in January that the online tour gave him the chance to feel the charm of Chinese traditional culture and get a better understanding of Beijing and other Chinese cities despite the closed-loop (闭环) 45 (manage).
The online city tours will continue until the end of the 2022 Paralympic Games on March 13.


五、开放性作文
46．你校校报的英文专栏向全校同学征集稿件宣传世界地球日（4月22日），请用英语写一篇短文配下面这幅图向校报投稿。内容包括：

1.地球面临的问题；
2.呼吁采取行动。
注意：1.写作词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Gains and Losses
Most of us have experienced unforgettable moments in our lives. The moment that I will never forget happened in my family.
For the first fifteen years of my life, I was the only child in my family. I didn’t have any siblings. Fortunately, I’ve always had my parents who love and care about me a lot. They help solve any problem and they will do anything for me. What I’d never really thought about is that someday one of them could no longer be there for me.
One day found out that my mother was pregnant, which was big news in my family. Everyone was excited and happy, especially me. I imagined that I would have a baby brother, and I thought about playing and having fun with him. He would have a cute face and look at me with his naive eyes, begging me to play with him. I was expecting that day to come soon. I kept asking my mother questions about what my brother was going to look like, what he would eat and when he was going to be born.
Finally one morning, my mother went into labor and she and my father went to the hospital while I went to school. Of course, I thought everything would be fine. After all women have babies every day. Thus, I was hoping to see my baby brother as soon as I got to the hospital.
After school, when I went to the hospital, my brother had already been born. But my mother was still inside the operating room, while my father waited anxiously outside. After waiting for a long time, the doctor came out and told us that after my mother had given birth to my brother, they had trouble stopping the bleeding. He told us not to worry； my mother would be fine. Then, he went back into the operating room. Seconds later, lots of doctors and nurses rushed inside. My father and I were growing more anxious by the minute. Waiting was very painful for us, because we had finally realized that anything could happen and all we could do was wait.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好。
At 7 P. M, my mother came out of surgery.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My mother survived that night.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍4个旅游胜地。
1．细节理解题。根据Big Island Volcano Tour部分“Depart: 7:45 AM”(出发时间为早上7:45)可知，the Big Island Volcano Tour的出发时间为早上7:45。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据Road to Hana Tour部分“We will make stops along the way at some of the most well- known locations, including a conditions-permitting waterfall swim stop.”(我们将沿途在一些最著名的地点停留，包括一个条件允许的可以瀑布游泳的地方。)可知，在著名景点会停留，包括在条件允许的瀑布游泳点，因此游客可以在瀑布下游泳。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据Kauai Waimea Canyon & Koke’e Adventure部分“Journey through the heart of Kauai’s countryside where you’ll view what Mark Twain described as the “Grand Canyon of the Pacific”. Then hike down a nature trail in Koke’e State Park for an easy hike surrounded by native Hawaiian plants and animals.”(穿过考艾岛乡村的中心，在那里你可以看到马克·吐温所描述的“太平洋大峡谷”。然后沿着科克埃州立公园的自然步道徒步旅行，在夏威夷本土植物和动物的环绕下轻松地徒步旅行。)、Kauai Movie Adventure部分“A movie adventure tour for young and old, movie and nature lovers!You’ll visit many famous sites on Kauai where Hollywood blockbusters and TV shows were filmed.”(年轻人和老年人，电影和自然爱好者的电影冒险之旅。你会参观考艾岛上许多著名的地方，好莱坞大片和电视节目都是在那里拍摄的。)、Kauai Movie Adventure部分“Discover the source of Hawaii Island’s creation at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park! Explore waterfalls, craters (火山口), and the tsunami-stricken city of Hilo on this comprehensive volcano adventure tour. Bear witness to the 2018 eruption that dramatically changed the island’s landscape.”(在夏威夷卢旺达火山国家公园发现夏威夷岛创造的源头！在这次全面的火山探险之旅中探索瀑布、火山口和遭受海啸袭击的城市希罗。见证了2018年的火山喷发，它戏剧性地改变了岛上的地貌。)和Road to Hana Tour部分“We will make stops along the way at some of the most well-known locations, including a conditions-permitting waterfall swim stop.”(沿途我们会在一些最著名的景点停留，包括条件允许的瀑布游泳站。)可知，每一个项目都能带游客们看到美丽的自然景观，所以，这些地方都适合热爱大自然的人。故选A。
4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C

【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要通过疫情为话题，讲述人类与大自然之间应该保持和谐的关系。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“As human beings retreat (退回) into their homes with the covid-19 expanding across the world, nature seems to be taking back urban areas.”(随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界各地扩张，人类逐渐回到自己的家园，大自然似乎正在夺回城市地区。)可知，人们之所以一直待在家中，是因为有了新冠疫情的传播。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, the recent lockdown of cities during the pandemic gives a chance of freeing space for other animals and reflecting on humans’ relationship with nature.”(然而，最近疫情期间对城市的封锁为其他动物腾出了空间，并反思了人类与自然的关系。)和最后一段“Right now the most important phenomenon perhaps is humans’ relationship with nature is changing-with people locked up in their homes realizing how much they miss nature. More importantly, by missing nature, humans may come to respect — and live in harmony with-nature once again.”(现在最重要的现象可能是人类与大自然的关系正在改变——人们被关在家里，意识到他们有多么怀念大自然。更重要的是，通过思念大自然，人类可以重新尊重自然——并与自然和谐相处。)可知，人类因为疫情被封，就反思自己对待自然的态度，然后主动改善与自然的关系。所以，人类被封的一个好处就是，人类与大自然的关系会更好。故选C。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段“They have realized that the sky is a great arena — anything can fly past and, at the very least, it will give them peace.”(他们已经意识到天空是一个伟大的arena——任何东西都可以飞过，至少，它会给他们带来平静。)可知，arena是名词，应该是指一个地方，一个任何东西都可以飞过的地方。城里人被关在房子里出不去，只好天天仰望天空，那就像一个大舞台，任何东西都有可能从天空经过（可以看到形形色色的事，只要抬头看即可）。所以，arena的意思应该是“大舞台”，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As human beings retreat (退回) into their homes with the covid-19 expanding across the world, nature seems to be taking back urban areas.”(随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界各地扩张，人类逐渐回到自己的家园，大自然似乎正在夺回城市地区。) 、第二段“According to The Straits Times, many wild animals have recently skipped onto empty streets in many cities.”(根据《海峡时报》上说，许多城市的野生动物最近在空荡荡的街道上跳来跳去。)和第四段“However, the recent lockdown of cities during the pandemic gives a chance of freeing space for other animals and reflecting on humans’ relationship with nature.”(然而，最近疫情期间对城市的封锁为其他动物腾出了空间，并反思了人类与自然的关系。)可知，这篇文章以野生动物进入城市为线索，谈及进入到哪些地方，之前为什么被赶出城市，现在形势的变化等方面探讨人类与大自然之间应该保持和谐的关系。故选C。
8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了相关人士对于Stephen Jay “人类在4万年或5万年内没有任何生物变化。我们用同样的身体和大脑构建了一切，即所谓的文化和文明的。” 这一言论持不同的看法。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Sarah Tishkoff, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, cites an example of natural selection still going on today.” （宾夕法尼亚大学进化生物学家Sarah Tishkoff列举了一个自然选择的例子，这个例子至今仍在进行。）可知，这个例证是为了说明自然选择在今天仍然在发生着。所以作者提到这个基因变异的例子是为了佐证这种新的进化理论。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientists have been able to discover many examples of ongoing natural selection thanks to a technology.”（多亏了一项技术，科学家们已经能够发现许多正在进行的自然选择的例子。）可知，发现正在进行的自然选择主要得益于科技的进步。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“In the last couple of hundred years, and certainly in the last century, human populations have been mixing like never before.”（在过去的几百年里，当然是在上个世纪，人口前所未有地融合在一起。）可知，在过去的一个世纪，人类社会人口迁移前所未有。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, 22 years later, most evolutionary biologists beg to differ. Natural selection is still operating on humans, they say — and they have evidence to back up the claim.”（22年后的今天，大多数进化生物学家不敢苟同。他们说，自然选择仍在人类身上起作用，他们有证据支持这一说法。）可知，进化生物学家提出了一种新观点，在近现代时期，自然选择仍在发生。故选A项。
12．D 13．A 14．D 15．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。奥地利科学家研究发现，用真菌制成的皮革在实用性和可持续性方面表现得非常好。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Previously, there wasn’t much research to support their claims. But a study published by Dr. Alexander Bismarck, a materials scientist at the University of Vienna, and his colleagues last week in Nature Sustainability finds that fungal leather works quite well when it comes to usefulness and sustainability.”(在此之前，并没有太多的研究来支持他们的说法。但是维也纳大学的材料科学家Alexander Bismarck博士和他的同事上周在《自然可持续性》杂志上发表的一项研究发现，真菌皮革在实用性和可持续性方面表现得非常好。)可知，这项研究的主要目的应该是评估真菌皮革的性能。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead it’s made from a mat of mycelium, the threadlike root networks from which fruiting bodies spring up after rain”(相反，它是由菌丝制成的，菌丝是一种线状的根系网络，雨后子实体就是从这些根系网络中长出来的)可知，菌丝用于生产真菌皮革。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“so there’s no real energy requirement”(所以没有真正的能量需求)可知，真菌皮革的优点之一是制作过程中节省能量。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Dr. Jones believes that the costs are likely to drop as the industry grows”(但琼斯博士认为，随着工业的发展，成本可能会下降)可知，Dr. Jones认为，因为现在大规模栽培菌类的技术比较成熟，所以真菌皮革的成本很有可能降下来，这样真菌皮革的价格也会随之下降。故选B。
16．B 17．D 18．C 19．F 20．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们应该成为自己的朋友，要看到自己不喜欢自己的一些方面，并原谅自己，接受自己不能改变的事情，关注自己的优点，不拿自己和别人比较。
16．根据上文“We are so focused on building relationships with others that we often forget the essential first step: being friends of ourselves.(我们如此专注于与他人建立关系，以至于我们常常忘记了重要的第一步：成为自己的朋友)”可知，成为自己的朋友是重要的第一步。由此可知，B项“如果我们要与他人保持良好关系，这是至关重要的第一步”承接上文，符合题意，选项中的That指代上文中的“成为自己的朋友”。故选B。
17．根据下文“Here is a simple checklist; is there anything you don’t like about yourself from the list?(这里有一个简单的一览表；表中有什么你不喜欢自己的地方吗？)”可知，一览表中指出了自己不喜欢自己的地方。由此可知，D项“也许我们不喜欢自己却没有意识到”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
18．根据下文“Maybe you could not accept the fact that you are not as lucky as others, who seem to get whatever they want effortlessly just because of their background.(也许你不能接受这样一个事实：你不像其他人那么幸运，因为他们的背景，似乎可以毫不费力地得到他们想要的任何东西)”可知，本段介绍不喜欢自己的背景这一方面。由此可知，C项“你的背景”可以作为本段主旨，符合题意。故选C。
19．根据下文“and no matter how hard you have tried, it might seem impossible for you to match them.(不管你怎么努力，你似乎都不可能与他们匹敌)”可知，你可能再怎么努力都不能与他们匹敌。由此可知，F项“此外，其他人可能比你有更好的成就”引出下文，符合题意。故选F。
20．根据上文“Forgive yourself, accept things you can’t change, focus on your strengths and always be true to yourself! Even if I have lost every other friend on earth, I shall at least have one friend left. (原谅自己，接受你不能改变的事情，专注于自己的优势，永远忠于自己！即使我失去了地球上所有其他的朋友，我至少还剩下一个朋友)”可知，即使失去了所有其他的朋友，也还会剩下自己这个朋友。由此可知，A项“它应该在我里面”承接上文，符合题意，选项中的It指的是“我自己”。故选A。

21．C 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家在赶回Rajoli的途中遇到陌生人的热心帮助。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲开始哭泣，而我的父亲开始给我和两个兄弟下达快速指令，让我们收拾行李，准备赶六个半小时的路程回我们在Rajoli的村庄。A. reporting报道；B. following跟随；C. delivering宣布，下达；D. relaying回复。根据下文“quickfire instructions to my two brothers and me”可知，空处是指父亲向我们下达指令。故选C。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们分别都是12岁、11岁和9岁的小孩子，我们太小了从而感觉不到当时的情绪，只是对这个意外的假期很兴奋。A. sick恶心的；B. silly愚蠢的；C. risky冒险的；D. young幼小的。根据该空前的“12, 11 and nine years old”可知，我们兄弟三人都太“小（young）”，感觉不到父母情绪的变化。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们分别都是12岁、11岁和9岁的小孩子，我们太小了从而感觉不到当时的情绪，只是对这个意外的假期很兴奋。A. unexpected意料之外的；B. indifferent不关心的；C. ignored被忽略的；D. spoiled被宠坏的。根据第一段的“Mother Serious. Start Immediately”可知，收到祖母病重的电报后，我们一家紧急决定赶六个半小时的路程回我们在Rajoli的村庄，故这是一次“意料之外的（unexpected）”出行。故选A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是河水满了，没有船送我们过河。A. push推；B. put放；C. lift举起；D. ferry摆渡。根据上文中的“had to cross a river”和“there were no boats”可知，要过河，我们得坐船，但是那天没有船可以“渡（ferry）”我们过河。ferry在此处作动词，意为“（以渡船）运送；摆渡；渡运”。故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，我们处于两难的境地，既不能前进，也不能回家。A. danger危险；B. dilemma进退两难的困境；C. battle战斗；D. circle圆。由后文的“unable to move forward or go back home”可知，我们处于两难的境地，既不能前进，也不能回家，故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个地区唯一的建筑是一幢旧的检查平房。A. place地方；B. chance机会；C. structure建筑物；D. difference差异。根据该空后的“an old inspection bungalow”以及下文中的“let us into the building”可知，周围唯一的“建筑物（structure）”就是一个旧的检查平房。故选C。
27．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我和我的兄弟们一直对我们的困难处境一无所知——我们在花园里玩，直到我们又饿又累。A. unaware of不知道；B. interested in对……感兴趣；C. confused about对……困惑；D. excited about对……感到兴奋。根据后文的“we played in the garden until hunger and tiredness overtook us”可知，我们兄弟三人依然“没有意识到（unaware of）”我们的艰难处境。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黄昏时分，父亲忧心忡忡，对我们的下一步行动毫无头绪。A. surprised惊讶的；B. determined下定决心的；C. calm冷静的；D. worried担心的。根据后文的“with no clue about our next move”可知，到了黄昏，爸爸变得“忧心忡忡（worried）”。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我们看到一个孤独的人向我们走来。A. recognised认出；B. spotted看见，注意到；C. greeted问候；D. stopped阻止。根据该空后的“a lone man walking towards us”可知，突然，我们“看到（spotted）”一个人向我们走来。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是平房的看守人。A. owner主人；B. visitor访客；C. designer设计者；D. watchman看守人。根据最后一段中的“the watchman’s___14___and selfless generosity”可知，向我们走来的这个人是检查平房的“看守人（watchman）”。此处与下文中的watchman是原词复现。故选D。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父亲解释了我们不愉快的情况后，他让我们进了楼，并问我们这一整天是否吃过什么东西。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. laughable可笑的；C. unpleasant不愉快的；D. explored勘探过的。根据第三段中的“our difficult situation”可知，父亲和这位看守人说了我们所处的困境。此处 unpleasant与上文中的difficult构成同义词复现关系。故选C。
32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，他拿着一条毛巾来到河边，用毛巾捕了几条鱼，然后生火，开始清洗和烹饪鱼。A. set off动身；B. searched around查究；C. hurried back迅速回来；D. gave way让路。根据该空后的“to the riverbank”可知，此处指这位看守人“动身（set off）”去往河畔。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他拿着一条毛巾来到河边，用毛巾捕了几条鱼，然后生火，开始清洗和烹饪鱼。A. vegetables蔬菜；B. meal一餐；C. catch（鱼的）捕获量，捕获物；D. victim受害者。根据上文中的“a couple of fish”以及该空前的“started cleaning and cooking”可知，这位看守人抓了几条鱼，生了火，然后开始清洗和烹饪鱼，空格处是catch，故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这顿饭很简单，但守夜人的善良和无私的慷慨让我50多年来从未忘记这顿丰盛的晚餐。A. kindness善意；B. patience耐心；C. honesty诚实；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文对这位看守人热心帮助我们的描述以及该空后并列的“selfless generosity”可知，此处是指他的“善意（kindness）”和慷慨。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这顿饭很简单，但守夜人的善良和无私的慷慨让我50多年来从未忘记这顿丰盛的晚餐。A. moment时刻；B. feast宴会；C. pride骄傲；D. difference不同点。根据上文中的“It was a simple meal”以及but表达的转折可知，此处与前面的simple meal形成强烈的对比，故“feast（盛宴）”符合此处语境。故选B。

36．central 37．the 38．During 39．the most famous 40．to participate 41．which/that 42．organizers 43．included 44．exploring 45．management

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是周日，北京2022年冬奥会的中外记者受邀在主媒体中心参加了一场中国中部城市武汉的在线城市之旅。
36．考查形容词。句意：周日，北京2022年冬奥会的中外记者受邀在主媒体中心参加了一场中国中部城市武汉的在线城市之旅。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词China；center的形容词是central，意为“中央的”，故填central。
37．考查定冠词。句意：此次在线游的主题是“游览武汉黄鹤楼，品味长江生活味道”。空格处用定冠词特指前面提到的在线之旅。故填the。
38．考查介词。句意：在参观过程中，记者们得以在黄鹤楼的顶层俯瞰城市景观，黄鹤楼是历史悠久的著名塔楼之一。由后文的“journalists were able to overlook the city landscape on the top floor of Yellow Crane Tower”可知，句子表示“在参观过程中，记者们得以在黄鹤楼的顶层俯瞰城市景观，黄鹤楼是历史悠久的著名塔楼之一”，空格处意为“在……期间”，是during，位于句首，首字母大写。故填During。
39．考查最高级。句意：在参观过程中，记者们得以在黄鹤楼的顶层俯瞰城市景观，黄鹤楼是历史悠久的著名塔楼之一。根据常识可知，黄鹤楼是最有名的塔楼之一，空格处用最高级the most famous。故填the most famous。
40．考查不定式。句意：中央广播电视总台视频记者朱疏影表示:“我很高兴参加这个活动，它让我的闭环生活变得更加丰富多彩。”be happy to do是固定短语，意为“很高兴做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to participate。故填to participate。
41．考查定语从句。句意：中央广播电视总台视频记者朱疏影表示:“我很高兴参加这个活动，它让我的闭环生活变得更加丰富多彩。”分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词activity是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that引导限制性定语从句。故填which/that。
42．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1月7日以来，这是北京2022年冬奥会组委会组织的第19次在线采访，吸引了900多名中外记者。organizer是可数名词，此处不止一个，空格处用复数。故填organizers。
43．考查过去式。句意：之前的主题包括参观故宫博物院了解文物修复技术，在山东曲阜探索中国的仪式和音乐文化，在福建福州三坊七巷拥抱多样的“福”文化。由前面的“Previous”可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式included。故填included。
44．考查现在分词。句意：之前的主题包括参观故宫博物院了解文物修复技术，在山东曲阜探索中国的仪式和音乐文化，在福建福州三坊七巷拥抱多样的“福”文化。空格处和visiting，embracing是并列关系，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故填exploring。
45．考查名词。句意：今年1月，Getty Images的Ian Whitbread在接受采访时表示，尽管实行闭环管理，但这次在线之旅让他有机会感受中国传统文化的魅力，并更好地了解北京和其他中国城市。空格处用名词作宾语，根据语境可知，句子表示“尽管实行闭环管理”，空格处意为“管理”，名词是management，是不可数名词。故填management。
46．    Here comes another Earth Day, which was set up to draw attention to protecting our shared home. As is known to all, the earth keeps suffering from pollution, abuse of resources and even wars.
As a result, it is not the beautiful planet it used to be! Therefore, something must be done to protect the earth. To begin with, we should live a low-carbon life with less consumption of resources. After all, the earth can satisfy our need but not our greed! In addition, we should share and reuse things like clothing, furniture, books and etc. Finally, awareness and technology should be strengthened to boost recycling.
In a word, every resident as well as government should lend a helping hand to make the earth a healthy and sustainable planet.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一篇短文配题中这副图向校报投稿，参加校报英文专栏向全校同学征集稿件宣传世界地球日的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
因此：therefore→thus
首先：to begin with→to start with
此外：in addition→what’s more
总之：in a word→all in all
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In a word, every resident as well as government should lend a helping hand to make the earth a healthy and sustainable planet.
拓展句：In a word, every resident as well as government should lend a helping hand so that we can make the earth a healthy and sustainable planet.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Here comes another Earth Day, which was set up to draw attention to protecting our shared home.（运用了倒装句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】As is known to all, the earth keeps suffering from pollution, abuse of resources and even wars.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句）
47．参考范文
At 7 P. M, my mother came out of surgery. She lay on the bed with an oxygen mask and an IV. Her skin was ghastly pale and her eyes were closed. “ Mom, Mom … , ” I called to her , but she didn’t react. The doctor told us that if my mother survived this night, she would be fine. Then the doctors sent my mother to the ICU. Inside the room were many instruments for checking blood pressure, pulse rate and heart rate. Standing next to the bed, I tried to talk to my mother, whether she could hear me or not. At that moment I felt that I would lose my mother forever.
My mother survived that night. You can imagine my great relief when she woke up the next morning. I was so excited. I gave her a big hug as I cried tears of happiness. My mother told me that she had actually heard the words that I had said to her when she was unconscious. Three times she had almost stopped breathing, but she told herself to stay alive for us — her family. Later, many nurses said my mother was incredibly lucky to survive because she had lost a lot of blood. I always remember this unforgettable event in my life. I’m a really lucky person, with great parents and a wonderful little brother.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一件作者难忘的事情，作者十五岁之前是家里唯一的孩子，后来妈妈怀孕，全家人都很高兴，尤其是作者，期待着小生命的诞生，一天早上作者去上学后，妈妈在医院分娩，作者放学后去医院，但妈妈还在手术室，作者和父亲焦急地等待。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“晚上7点，我妈妈做完手术出来了。”可知，第一段可描写妈妈做完手术后状况依然不好，作者试图和妈妈说话唤醒她。
②由第二段首句内容“我的妈妈挺过了那晚。”可知，第二段可描写妈妈醒过来后作者的感受，呼应文章开头，讲述这是一件令作者难忘的事。
2.续写线索：妈妈做完手术出来——妈妈被送进ICU——试图和妈妈说话——妈妈醒来——激动落泪——感觉幸运
3.词汇激活
行为类
①想象：imagine/suppose
②哭泣：cry/weep
③拥抱：give sb. a hug/embrace sb.
情绪类
①激动：excited/thrilled
②幸运：lucky/fortunate
【点睛】[高分句型1]. The doctor told us that if my mother survived this night, she would be fine.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. My mother told me that she had actually heard the words that I had said to her when she was unconscious. （第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句）