江苏省宿迁市2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份江苏省宿迁市2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高二年级调研测试
英语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the weather like today?
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.
2. How old is the man now?
A. Just 20. B. About 23. C. Nearly 18.
3. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Schoolmates. B. Co-workers. C. Husband and wife.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. At the airport. B. At a wedding. C. In a clothing shop.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Sports. B. Plans. C. Hobbies.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Which movie will the woman see?
A. Terminator 4. B. The Simpsons. C. Alice in Wonderland.
7. What do we know about the man?
A. He will watch The Simpsons.
B. He met the woman six weeks ago.
C. He loves watching movies with his family.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the street. B. In the classroom. C. In the office.
9. Why does the woman look upset?
A. She has got stuck in traffic.
B. She missed her English class.
C. She felt that something bad had happened.
10. How does the man feel about the woman's words?
A. Interested. B. Doubtful. C. Certain.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who will pay for the meal?
A. The man. B. The woman. C. Go Dutch.
12. How much do the speakers plan to tip?
A. $20. B. $9. C. $15.
13. What do the speakers think of this meal?
A. Just so-s0. B. Very satisfactory. C. Quite disappointing.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. How does the man sound at first?
A. Nervous. B. Confident. C. Surprised.
15. How long did the man work as a deliveryman?
A. Half a year. B. A year. C. Two years.
16. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman likes to eat pizza.
B. The man is uninterested in his major.
C. The woman will be the man's leader.
17. What are the speakers doing?
A. Conducting an interview.
B. Talking about how to find a job.
C. Discussing their work experience.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. How many drivers can find places to park their cars in a medium-sized city?
A. Around 100,000. B. Around 50,000. C. Around 15,000.
19. What is the purpose of the “Park & Ride” system?
A. To encourage people to use public transport.
B. To build more parking areas in the city center.
C. To charge lower parking fees in the city center.
20. What is the talk mainly about?
A. How to deal with traffic jams in China.
B. How to solve the parking problem in China.
C. How to limit the number of private car licenses in China.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Bay Area Science Festival is back! Going into its 11th year, the festival is offering a great mix of both in-person and virtual events for the curious of all ages. It previously was held in the fall, but due to regional wildfires, the festival has been moved to the spring this year and will begin on Thursday, April 21 — in time to celebrate Earth Day on Friday, April 22 — and run through April 30. Here are a few recommendations related to environmental science.
Changing Shorelines
April 25, 2022, 6 p.m. — 7 p.m.
This in-person tour and walk through the history of south San Francisco’s shoreline will be an exploration of how both climate change and sea-level rise have affected the shifts in our shorelines—and you'll learn about ways to protect them.
Wildfire from Space
April 26, 2022, 7 p.m. — 8 p.m.
Our very own KQED event, hosted by Robert Simmons from Planet Labs, offers virtual and in-person opportunities to learn about wildfires through satellite imagery. See wildfires from space and learn how the latest satellite technology helps agencies and communities manage emergency response during burns.
Virtual Tour of Recology
April 27, 2022, 1 p.m. — 2 p.m.
What happens to the items you place in your roadside bins? This virtual event will help you learn about the history of Recology, what it takes to recycle all that stuff, and what you can do to create change that has impact.
Greywater and Wetlands
April 30, 2022, 2 p.m. — 4 p.m.
This in-person tour of the EcoCenter will explore environmental justice themes through the history of the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. You’ll learn how a shipping terminal became a restored wetland habitat. Plus, you'll have a chance to transplant the native salt grass that helps restore wetlands and provides habitat for migrating birds.
1. Which of the following is a suitable time for people to attend the Science Festival?
A. On April 20. B. On May 21.
C. On April 22. D. On May 30.
2. If you are interested in the recycling of household waste, which event is the best choice?
A. Wildfire from Space. B. Virtual Tour of Recology.
C. Changing Shorelines. D. Greywater and Wetlands.
3. What do the four events at the festival have in common?
A. They are held in the fall this year. B. They are designed for all teenagers.
C. They are both online and offline activities. D. Environmental science is a common theme.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍湾区科学节上的几个与环境科学有关的活动推荐。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“It previously was held in the fall, but due to regional wildfires, the festival has been moved to the spring this year and will begin on Thursday, April 21—in time to celebrate Earth Day on Friday, April 22—and run through April 30.”(之前的庆祝活动是在秋天举行的，但由于当地的森林大火，今年的庆祝活动被推迟到了春季，并将于4月21日(星期四)开始，以及庆祝4月22日(星期五)的地球日，一直持续到4月30日。)可知，科学节从4月21日开始，一直持续到4月30日。所以4月22日适合人们参加科学节。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Virtual Tour of Recology部分“What happens to the items you place in your roadside bins? This virtual event will help you learn about the history of Recology, what it takes to recycle all that stuff, and what you can do to create change that has impact.”(你放在路边垃圾桶里的东西怎么办？这个虚拟活动将帮助你了解再生学的历史，回收所有这些东西需要什么，以及你可以做什么来创造有影响力的改变。)可知，对循环再造家居废物有兴趣的人，可以参加这个活动。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Here are a few recommendations related to environmental science.”(这里有一些与环境科学有关的推荐。)可知，这4个活动的共同特点是他们的主题都是环境科学。故选D。
B
As the fifth of seven children, I went to the same public school as my three elder sisters and brother. Every year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews with teachers. And every child participated in an old school tradition — the annual plant sale held in early May, just timely for Mother’s Day. What was different was the child.
Third grade was the first time I was allowed to join in the plant sale. Originally, I wanted to surprise my mother. For lack of enough money, I went to my eldest sister and shared my thought, after which she supported me financially. When arriving at the plant sale, I carefully made my selection, inspecting each plant for the best geranium (天竺葵) and taking it home in secret. When Mother’s Day arrived, I remember how proud and delighted my mother was to receive the special gift.
The year I was fifteen, my younger sister reached third grade. In early May, she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that a plant sale was to be held at school. As my elder sister did for me, I gave her some money and off she went. She arrived home full of nervous excitement, the geranium hidden in a paper bag under her sweater. “I looked at every plant,” she explained, “and I know I got the best one!”
When she gave my mother the geranium, they were both bursting with pride and delight. My mother also noticed me and gave me a soft, secret smile. With a tug at my heart, I smiled back. I had been wondering how my mother could pretend to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child, but as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was presented with that most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.
4. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. Our siblings were from different schools.
B Mother repeatedly went for similar interviews.
C. The annual plant sale was intended for recreation.
D. The old school tradition was held every other year.
5. Why did my mother give me a soft, secret smile?
A. Because she didn’t like the gift at all.
B. Because she was pretending to be happy.
C. Because she knew I gave money to my sister.
D. Because she didn’t want me to let out the secret.
6. Which of the following best describes the author?
A. Reliable. B. Considerate.
C. Honest D. Frank.
7. What’s the suitable title for this passage?
A. Secret smile B. Mother’s Day
C. Geranium of love D. Annual plant sale
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹不约而同准备了天竺葵送给妈妈作为母亲节礼物的暖心故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Every year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews with teachers.(每年我妈妈都会去参加同一个仪式，和老师进行亲子访谈)”可知，每年妈妈都会去参加相似的亲子访谈。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“When she gave my mother the geranium, they were both bursting with pride and delight. My mother also noticed me and gave me a soft, secret smile.(当她把天竺葵送给母亲时，她们俩都洋溢着骄傲和喜悦。我的母亲也注意到了我，给了我一个温柔的、秘密的微笑)”可推断，作者的妈妈希望作者保守秘密，让作者的妹妹觉得自己选的礼物是独一无二的。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Third grade was the first time I was allowed to join in the plant sale. Originally, I wanted to surprise my mother.(三年级是我第一次被允许参加工厂销售。本来，我想给我妈妈一个惊喜)”以及最后一段“I had been wondering how my mother could pretend to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child, but as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was presented with that most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.(我一直在想，我的母亲如何能假装对她第六个孩子送给她的礼物感到惊讶，但当我看到她得到这份最珍贵的礼物时，她的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒，我知道她不是在假装)”可推断，作者是一个很体贴、善解人意的孩子。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹不约而同准备了天竺葵送给妈妈作为母亲节礼物的暖心故事。整篇文章，天竺葵贯穿前后，代表了作者和妹妹对妈妈的爱，也寓意了妈妈对子女的爱护。由此可知，“Geranium of love(爱的天竺葵)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
Campaigns to protect the natural world are getting increasingly ambitious. But although there is convincing evidence that protected areas prevent habitat loss, proof that they actually benefit wildlife is surprisingly scanty. Now, the first large study of its kind shows nature reserves can increase waterbird populations, but typically only if humans take an active role in their management.
To understand the impact of nature reserves, conservation scientist Hannah Wauchope decided to analyze populations of waterbird species. First, the team identified 1506 protected areas that had population data from both before and after they were created. Then, they paired each reserve with one or more control sites — a similar patch of nearby habitat — that was unprotected. This setup helped the researchers understand how the protected area influenced bird populations.
The researchers had hoped the analysis would clearly show protected areas benefit birds. However, only 27% of waterbird populations in protected areas increased after the creation of the reserve while 21% of populations were negatively impacted, compared with the control sites, after a reserve was established. A silver lining is that nearly half the studied groups neither grew nor shrank: At least those populations were stable.
To figure out what was responsible for the population gains and losses, the team analyzed multiple factors, of which the most important was whether the site was specifically managed for waterbirds. That could mean keeping rivers and lakes at the right levels for the protected species, removing invasive weeds, or installing fencing to keep out invasive predators.
“The modest success of these protected areas makes sense.” says Paul Ferraro, an environmental economist. In many policy contexts, he notes, most interventions work no better than the status quo. However, the new study’s mixed results are what good science actually looks like and we need more studies like this one.
8. What does the underlined word “scanty” probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. Believable. B. Solid. C. Insufficient. D. Conflicting.
9. What can we know about nature reserves from paragraph 3?
A. Nearly half of the waterbird populations are in a stable state.
B. A majority of the waterbird populations were negatively affected.
C Nature reserves increased the waterbird populations as expected.
D. Protected areas make much difference to the waterbird populations.
10. Which of the following is the leading cause of the failure of nature reserves?
A. Small size. B. Human activities.
C. Invasive weeds. D. Ineffective management.
11. Why are the environmental economist’s words quoted?
A. To emphasize the value of the study. B. To show the drawbacks of intervention.
C. To indicate the difficulty of more studies. D. To express satisfaction about the status quo.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述建立自然保护区和人类的干预对野生动物的影响。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“But although there is convincing evidence that protected areas prevent habitat loss, proof that they actually benefit wildlife is surprisingly scanty.”(但是，尽管有令人信服的证据表明，保护区可以防止栖息地的丧失，但是能证明保护区实际上有益于野生动物的证据却惊人地scanty。)可知，scanty是形容词。分析句子结构和意思可知，2个小分句之间是转折的关系，上文提到“有令人信服的证据”，下文就应该是“能证明保护区实际上有益于野生动物的证据是不足的”，这样上下文才能构成对比和转折，所以scanty的意思应该是“不足的”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A silver lining is that nearly half the studied groups neither grew nor shrank: At least those populations were stable.”(值得庆幸的是，几乎一半的研究群体既没有增长也没有减少：至少这些群体是稳定的。)可知，几乎一半的水鸟数量是处于稳定状态的。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“To figure out what was responsible for the population gains and losses, the team analyzed multiple factors, of which the most important was whether the site was specifically managed for waterbirds.”(为了弄清楚是什么导致了这些鸟的数量的增加和减少，研究小组分析了多种因素，其中最重要的是这个地方是否是专门为水鸟管理的。)可知，管理是决定鸟类数量的最重要因素，所以如果一个自然保护区失败了，那么，最重要的原因应该是管理不善。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““The modest success of these protected areas makes sense.” says Paul Ferraro, an environmental economist.”(“这些保护区的适度成功是有意义的。”环境经济学家保罗·费拉罗说。)可知，作者引用环境经济学家保罗·费拉罗的话，是为了强调研究的价值。故选A。
D
Welcome to the anti-climax, the often-experienced but seldom-discussed downside of achieving life’s milestones. In psychology, the belief that achieving our goal will bring us a lasting feeling of happiness is called “arrival fallacy”, which plays a big part in the feelings of emptiness that follow it.
It’s a feeling that’s all too familiar for Katie Ford, a veterinary surgeon. To gain an extra qualification, she put in countless hours of study and made lots of sacrifices along the way, but now instead of celebration and pride, she feels emptiness and confusion, which have the potential to develop symptoms of depression and low mood.
If you find yourself in a similar situation or you suspect working towards your milestones may be a letdown when you reach the finish line, there are steps to help get rid of anti-climax. First, instead of rushing for it to be done, slow down to enjoy the doing, and remember that lots of things in our lives are never truly done, but constantly evolve just like we do. Another vital step is acknowledging the small wins. We have lots of stepping stones to a big goal to pause on, so celebrate how far you’ve come from the first one, and look forward to the many stones in front. Third, anticipating anti-climaxes in the lead up to big milestones can also lessen their impact. Anti-climaxes are just as common as post-holiday blues, so we’d better normalize them.
Rather than downplaying your milestones or moving straight to the next, mindfully cherish the moment, recognize your progress and reward yourself positively. That way, you won’t fall into the fallacy of having “made it”. Instead, you’ll see that you are happily “making it” along the journey that is an entire lifetime.
12. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The belief. B. Achieving our goal.
C. Arrival fallacy. D. A feeling of happiness.
13. Why does the author cite the example of Katie Ford?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To draw a conclusion. D. To make a prediction.
14. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Whether you fall victim to anti-climax.
B. Whether you empathize with Katie Ford.
C. How you can protect yourself from anti-climax.
D. How you can identify the symptoms of anti-climax.
15. What’s the purpose of this article?
A. To help us how to deal with anti-climax.
B. To set readers thinking about anti-climax.
C. To remind us of the danger of anti-climax.
D. To discuss the necessity of preventing anti-climax.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要告诉人们在反高潮、感到空虚时应该如何面对和解决。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“In psychology, the belief that achieving our goal will bring us a lasting feeling of happiness is called “arrival fallacy”, which plays a big part in the feelings of emptiness that follow it.”(在心理学中，相信实现目标会带给我们持久的幸福感，这种信念被称为“到达谬误”，它在随之而来的空虚感中扮演了重要角色。)分析可知，it指代上文提到的“实现目标”。which plays a big part in the feelings of emptiness that follow it.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是arrival fallacy，that引导定语从句修饰the feelings,可以翻译为：到达谬误在跟随实现目标而来的空虚感中扮演了重要角色。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s a feeling that’s all too familiar for Katie Ford, a veterinary surgeon. To gain an extra qualification, she put in countless hours of study and made lots of sacrifices along the way, but now instead of celebration and pride, she feels emptiness and confusion, which have the potential to develop symptoms of depression and low mood.”(这种感觉对 Katie Ford 来说再熟悉不过了，她是个兽医。为了获得一个额外的资格证书，她投入了无数个小时的学习，一路上做出了很多牺牲，但现在，她感到的不是庆祝和骄傲，而是空虚和困惑，这有可能导致抑郁和反高潮的症状。)可知，这一段以Katie Ford为例，是为了进一步阐明第一段提到的“到达谬误”这一概念。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“If you find yourself in a similar situation or you suspect working towards your milestones may be a letdown when you reach the finish line, there are steps to help get rid of anti-climax. First, instead of rushing for it to be done, slow down to enjoy the doing, and remember that lots of things in our lives are never truly done, but constantly evolve just like we do. Another vital step is acknowledging the small wins. We have lots of stepping stones to a big goal to pause on, so celebrate how far you’ve come from the first one, and look forward to the many stones in front. Third, anticipating anti-climaxes in the lead up to big milestones can also lessen their impact. Anti-climaxes are just as common as post-holiday blues, so we’d better normalize them.”(如果你发现自己处于类似的情况，或者你怀疑朝着里程碑前进的过程可能会让你在到达终点时感到失望，这里有一些步骤可以帮助你摆脱反高潮。首先，与其急着去做，不如慢下来享受做这件事的过程。记住，我们生活中的很多事情从来没有真正完成过，而是像我们一样不断进化。另一个重要的步骤是承认小的胜利。我们有很多通向大目标的垫脚石，可以停下来，所以庆祝你从第一个目标走了多远，并期待前面的许多垫脚石。第三，在重要的里程碑之前预估反高潮也可以减少它们的影响。反高潮和节后抑郁一样普遍，所以我们最好把它们常态化)可知，这一段主要介绍如何保护自己免受反高潮的影响。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than downplaying your milestones or moving straight to the next, mindfully cherish the moment, recognize your progress and reward yourself positively. That way, you won’t fall into the fallacy of having “made it”. Instead, you’ll see that you are happily “making it” along the journey that is an entire lifetime.”(与其淡化你的里程碑或者直接进入下一个阶段，不如谨慎地珍惜当下，认识到你的进步并且积极地奖励自己。这样，你就不会陷入“成功”的谬论。相反，你会看到自己在一生的旅程中快乐地“成功”。)可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助我们如何解决反高潮。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项，
When heading to bed, people often do some things to promote sleep, such as drinking a cup of warm milk. ___16___ The answer is varied.
"One reason that warm milk makes people sleepy is that it reminds you of the person who was kind enough to give it to you when you were younger," said psychologist Michael. ___17___
On the molecular level, the tryptophan (色氨酸) in milk has properties which can promote sleeping. ___18___ Our bodies use the tryptophan from food, along with other things, to produce the brain chemical serotonin, which is transformed into melatonin, a hormone that helps you sleep.
___19___ That's because the body transforms it into hormones that enhance sleep. But in reality, it would take a lot of tryptophan to make a person feel sleepy. Even if a person drinks that much milk, it's unclear whether the high amount of tryptophan would be enough to make him or her feel sleepy. Milk, after all, contains many other materials that compete to enter our brain through the blood. Thus, the sleep-promoting effect of milk is limited.
As for the temperature of the milk, there aren't any studies that suggest milk has to be warm for any of its psychological or physical effects to kick in. ___20___ It can in turn help to relax the body.
A. The calming association may help to lower pre-sleep anxiety.
B. In theory, taking food rich in tryptophan can make us feel sleepy.
C. The body needs the tryptophan in the milk to calm ourselves down.
D. Can the temperature of the milk accelerate the speed of our sleeping?
E. The body cannot produce tryptophan, so people must get it from the diet.
F. But the warmth of the milk may help raise our internal body temperatures.
G. But is there any scientific evidence that drinking warm milk will make you sleepy?
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. E 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对睡前喝热牛奶是否对睡眠有用进行了解释。文章指出，热牛奶之所以对你睡眠有助一方面是因为它让你想起曾经给你热牛奶的人，这有一定缓解焦虑的作用；另一方面是因为热牛奶里的色氨酸也有促进睡眠的作用，但是实际情况来看，可能其效果有限。除此以外，牛奶的温度从某种程度上也能让你放松，从而睡个好觉。
【16题详解】
根据后文“The answer is varied.(这个答案是多种多样的。)”以及““One reason that warm milk makes people sleepy is that it reminds you of the person who was kind enough to give it to you when you were younger," said psychologist Michael.(心理学家迈克尔说:“热牛奶让人昏昏欲睡的一个原因是，它会让你想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人。”)”和“On the molecular level, the tryptophan（色氨酸）in milk has properties which can promote sleeping.(在分子水平上，色氨酸具有促进睡眠的特性。)”可知，后文是对选项所提出的一个问题进行回答，该问题跟后文所提到的内容相关，故选项应为一个疑问句。选项G中的“scientific evidence”对应后文中的“On the molecular level”，而选项中的make you sleepy在后文又被提到，两者互相照应。故选G项。
【17题详解】
根据前文“'One reason that warm milk makes people sleepy is that it reminds you of the person who was kind enough to give it to you when you were younger,' said psychologist Michael.(心理学家迈克尔说:“热牛奶让人昏昏欲睡的一个原因是，它会让你想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人。”)”可知，热牛奶让人想起曾经给自己温暖的人，使人内心感动，这种联系能减缓睡前焦虑。选项A中的“The calming association”对应前文的提到的“想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人”，这会产生令人镇静的作用，因此推断A项“这种镇静的联系可能有助于降低睡前焦虑。”符合语境。故选A项。
18题详解】
根据后文“Our bodies use the tryptophan from food, along with other things, to produce the brain chemical serotonin, which is transformed into melatonin, a hormone that helps you sleep.(我们身体利用食物中的色氨酸和其他物质来产生大脑化学物质血清素。血清素被转化为褪黑激素，这种激素有助于睡眠。) ”可知，色氨酸是从食物以及其他物质中获取的，我们身体本身不具有色氨酸。故E选项中的“get it from the diet”对应“use the tryptophan from food, along with other things”。因此推断E项“人体不能产生色氨酸，所以人们必须从饮食中获取色氨酸。”符合语境。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据后文“That's because the body transforms it into hormones that enhance sleep. But in reality, it would take a lot of tryptophan to make a person feel sleepy.(这是因为身体将其转化为增强睡眠的激素。但事实上，需要大量的色氨酸才能让人感到困倦。)”可知，本段从理论和实际两个方面去论述到底色氨酸是否具有助眠的作用。选项B中的“In theory”与后文的“But in reality”相对应。因此推断B项“从理论上讲，食用富含色氨酸的食物会让我们感到困倦。”符合语境。故选B项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“As for the temperature of the milk, there aren't any studies that suggest milk has to be warm for any of its psychological or physical effects to kick in.( 至于牛奶的温度，没有任何研究表明牛奶必须是热的才能发挥其心理或生理作用。)”以及后文“It can in turn help to relax the body.(这反过来有助于放松身体。)”可知，本段讲述的是牛奶的温度可能也是一个影响助眠效果的因素。选项F中的“the warmth of the milk”对应前文的“the temperature of the milk”以及选项中的“raise our internal body temperatures”对应后文的“it”，故选项F“但牛奶的温度可能有助于提高我们体内的温度。”符合语境，具有承上启下的作用。故选F项。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Life Rolls On
I was about nine the first time I got on a board. When I was twelve, I began to compete in surfing, ___21___ number one in Pacific Surf Series. Fortune favored me ___22___ ever since.
Then came the day ___23___ my life changed. As I surfed, the wave ___24___ me in my back so fast that I had no time to respond. My whole body went numb — unable to ___25___. Unsurprisingly, I was diagnosed paralyzed (瘫痪的).
Bad as it was, I felt proud of myself by ___26___ the will to live. Instead of being afraid, I realized how ___27___ I had been the first seventeen years of my life, feeling blessed by God.
That fall, I returned to school and ended up ___28___ on time. Shortly after that, I was even ___29___ by a University where I lived my life to the fullest from going out on water-skiing to playing wheelchair tennis. The _____30_____ of my life came nearly four years after the accident. I ultimately got back in the _____31_____ that I had missed so much — on a surfboard. Despite the challenges, I _____32_____ my abilities, so I make my own path, my own decisions.
I know I’ll never realize my dream of being the world’s _____33_____ surfer, but I still have so many else to _____34_____. Life rolls on, _____35_____ continue to roll on and I’m rolling in and surfing right along with it all.
21. A. attaining B. gaining C. ranking D. defeating
22. A. concisely B. incredibly C. solely D. randomly
23. A. when B. which C. after D. since
24. A. hugged B. swallowed C. dragged D. hit
25. A. say B. run C. jump D. move
26. A. abandoning B. maintaining C. suspecting D. testing
27. A. confused B. disappointed C. fortunate D. excited
28. A. recovering B. training C. surfing D. graduating
29. A. admitted B. rejected C. praised D. hired
30. A. highlight B. crossroad C. twilight D. passion
31. A. club B. school C. water D. pool
32. A. trust B. doubt C. change D. lose
33. A. privileged B. professional C. diligent D. amateur
34. A. do B. achieve C. attend D. finish
35. A. competitions B. tasks C. journeys D. waves
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者美好的生活发生改变后，依然乐观和积极向上，不断地挑战自我。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：十二岁时，我开始参加冲浪比赛，在太平洋冲浪系列赛中名列第一。A. attaining实现；B. gaining获得；C. ranking排列；D. defeating打败。根据“When I was twelve, I began to compete in surfing,”可知，作者在冲浪比赛中排名第一。固定搭配“rank number one”意为“位列第一”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，命运就一直非常地眷顾着我。A. concisely简明地；B. incredibly非常地；C. solely单独地；D. randomly随便地。根据“ever since.”可知，从作者拿第一名之后，命运就非常地眷顾着作者。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：直到有一天，我的生活改变了。A. when什么时候；B. which哪一个；C. after后来；D. since自......以后。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为the day，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我冲浪时，海浪很快地打在我的背上，我没有时间做出反应。A. hugged拥抱；B. swallowed吞下；C. dragged拖；D. hit打。根据“As I surfed”可知，作者冲浪时，海浪迅速地打在作者的背上。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的整个身体变得麻木——无法移动。A. say说；B. run跑；C. jump跳；D. move移动。根据“My whole body went numb”可知，作者因为整个身体变得麻木而无法移动。故选D。
26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管情况很糟糕，但我为自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。A. abandoning抛弃；B. maintaining保持；C. suspecting怀疑；D. testing测试。根据“Bad as it was, I felt proud of myself”可知，作者为自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我没有害怕，我意识到我生命的前17年是多么幸运，感觉得到上帝的祝福。 A. confused困惑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. excited激动的。根据“Fortune favored me ___2___ ever since.”可知，作者感觉自己很幸运。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那年秋天，我回到学校，终于按时毕业了。A. recovering恢复；B. training训练；C. surfing浏览；D. graduating毕业。根据“Unsurprisingly, I was diagnosed paralyzed (瘫痪的).”和“That fall, I returned to school”可知，作者虽然瘫痪，但仍然按时毕业。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后不久，我甚至被一所大学录取，在那里我尽情地享受着从滑水到轮椅网球的生活。A. admitted录取；B. rejected拒绝；C. praised赞扬；D. hired雇佣。根据“by a University”可知，作者被一所大学录取。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我生命中最精彩的时刻出现在事故发生近四年后。A. highlight精彩部分；B. crossroad十字路口；C. twilight黄昏；D. passion激情。根据“Shortly after that, I was even ___9___ by a University where I lived my life to the fullest from going out on water-skiing to playing wheelchair tennis.”可知，作者认为生命中最精彩的时刻出现在自己受伤后的近四年。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最终回到了我想念了很久的水里——回到了冲浪板上。A. club俱乐部；B. school学校；C. water水；D. pool游泳池。根据“on a surfboard.”和常识可知，冲浪是在水里。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临挑战，但我相信自己的能力，所以我走自己的路，做自己的决定。A. trust信任；B. doubt怀疑；C. change改变；D. lose失去。根据“so I make my own path, my own decisions.”可知，作者相信自己的能力。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道我永远不会实现成为世界职业冲浪运动员的梦想，但我还有很多事情要实现。A. privileged有特权的；B. professional专业的；C. diligent勤奋的；D. amateur业余的。根据“but I still have so many else to ___14___ .”和上文可知，因为作者受过伤，所以不会成为世界职业冲浪运动员。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我永远不会实现成为世界职业冲浪运动员的梦想，但我还有很多事情要实现。A. do做；B. achieve获得；C. attend参加；D. finish完成。根据“I know I’ll never realize my dream of being the world’s ___13___ surfer,”可知，作者虽然知道自己不会实现成为世界职业冲浪运动员的梦想，但认为自己还有很多事情要实现。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活还在继续，海浪还在继续，我也在继续，和它一起冲浪。A. competitions竞争；B. tasks任务；C. journeys旅行；D. waves波浪。根据“roll on and I’m rolling in and surfing right along with it all.”可知，作者会继续冲浪。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese seals are symbolic of identity, status and culture. With roots ___36___ (date) back thousands of years, they are more than just a unique motif (图案).
A Chinese seal (yìn zhāng) is a seal or stamp ___37___ (use) to mark important documents, or any other item that requires a signature. ___38___ (typical), the seals are made of stone, but they can also be made of wood, bamboo, etc. When the seals are used, they ___39___ (dip) in either red ink or cinnabar (朱砂) paste.
It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties that the seals were widely used, due to the ___40___ (expand) of the arts. Artists used a stylized seal carving of their names ___41___ (mark) the ownership of their works. Individuals also used a personalized stamp ___42___ important documents.
Engravings (雕刻) on the seal face can follow several calligraphy styles, ___43___ master engravers spared no effort to develop. Today, seals are still used widely throughout China for marking important documents. Seals are often accompanied by hand signatures as a ___44___ (much) secure form of identification than just one type.
Nowadays, along with calligraphy, painting and wax printing, seal carving is considered ____45____ traditional Chinese art.
【答案】36. dating
37. used 38. Typically
39. are dipped
40. expansion
41. to mark
42. for 43. which
44. more 45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国印章的发展历史和特征。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们的根源可以追溯到几千年前，它们不仅仅是一个独特的图案。分析句子结构可知，动词date和被修饰的名词roots是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示主动，作宾补。故填dating。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国印章是用于标记重要文件或其他需要签名的物品的印章或邮票。分析句子结构可知，动词use和被修饰的名词短语a seal or stamp是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动，做后置定语。故填used。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：典型的来说，印章是石头做的，但它们也可以用木材，竹子等。分析句子结构可知，这里需要副词做状语，修饰整个句子。故填Typically。
【39题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：当印章被使用时，他们会被浸在红墨水或朱砂糊里。分析句子结构和意思可知，主语they和谓语动词dip是被动关系，这里考查一般现在时的被动结构，主语是they，be动词用are。故填are dipped。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：直到明清时期，由于艺术的发展，印章才被广泛使用。分析句子结构可知，这里考查名词，作宾语。故填expansion。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：艺术家用风格化的印章雕刻他们的名字来标记他们作品的所有权。分析句子结构可知，这里考查动词不定式短语做目的状语。故填to mark。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：个人也因为重要文件使用个性化的印章。分析句子结构可知，这里考查介词，表示“为了”的意思。故填for。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：印面雕刻可以遵循多种书法风格，雕刻大师不遗余力地发展这些风格。分析句子结构可知，___8___ master engravers spared no effort to develop是非限制性定语从句，先行词calligraphy styles在从句中作宾语，指物。故填which。
【44题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：印章通常附有手写签名，作为一种比单一类型更安全的识别形式。分析句子结构可知，后面有than just one type，是比较对象，所以这里考查形容词的比较级。故填more。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：如今，篆刻和书法、绘画、蜡印一样，被认为是中国的传统艺术。分析句子结构可知，art是可数名词单数，前面需要限定词修饰，表示泛指，“一”的意思，所以用不定冠词，空格后的traditional第一个音素是辅音音素，所以用a。故填a。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 请你以学生会的名义，以“We Should Take the Family Responsibilities”为主题写一份倡议书，向全校同学发起倡议，内容包括：
1. 承担责任的必要性；
2. 如何承担家庭责任；
3. 发起倡议。
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
As we are growing into teenagers, we should take the family responsibilities. Some students take it for granted that our parents should take care of us. But we should know that we are part of our family, so we also should be responsible for the whole family. We should take care of our parents as they do it for us. We can do some cleaning, wash the clothes, or make some food. Only after we do these things can we realize the hardship and love from our parents.
Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities! We teenagers should learn to do it.
The Students Union
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生以“We Should Take the Family Responsibilities”为主题写一份倡议书，向全校同学发起倡议，要学会承担家庭责任。
【详解】1.词汇积累
变成：grow into→turn into
照顾：take care of→care for
意识到：realize→understand
采取行动：take action→take measures
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities! We teenagers should learn to do it.
拓展句：Boys and girls, take action to share the family responsibilities, which is what we teenagers should learn to do.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As we are growing into teenagers, we should take the family responsibilities.（由As引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]Some students take it for granted that our parents should take care of us.（由that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型3]But we should know that we are part of our family, so we also should be responsible for the whole family.（由that引导的宾语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I always remember the quote, “when you are facing a challenge, no matter how hard it is, just bite the bullet, and you will get it over”, which was passed down from my great grandmother in my family.
During my first year of middle school, I left my parents to live with my grandparents who were in another city. I can still remember the day when my mother's eyes turned red when I was about to enter the airport. Father tried to hug me but I refused, because I wanted them to know that I was mature enough to handle this myself. Soon, I regretted my decision.
Although it was early in the morning, the airport seemed to be already filled with people. After I settled down, I still had some time left. I tried to read a book that I thought was interesting; however, no matter how hard I tried, I could not focus my attention on the book. As I looked around, there were children about my age with their parents. I seemed to be the only kid sitting on the chair alone. It was only 40 minutes before I entered the plane, but I felt I had sat there alone for years when I heard the flight attendant announced that we could board the plane. I had several experiences of taking a plane before, and I thought I could get it over with ease. But I was wrong.
Sitting beside me was a middle-aged man, who looked like a businessman. After the plane took off, looking at the clouds outside the window, I started to think about the things that happened in the morning, my dad’s voice, my mom's red eyes. I felt my eyes stinging, and when I rubbed them, a warm liquid washed my fingers-tears.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then came a clear and gentle voice, “First time travelling alone?”
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Encouraged and relieved, I decided to enjoy the rest of the journey.
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【答案】Then came a clear and gentle voice, “First time travelling alone?” I looked up, trying not to let my voice break, “Yes, sir”. The businessman leaned towards me, patted me gently on my shoulder and patiently shared his first travelling experience with me. Teenager as he was, confused and alarmed just like me, he managed it eventually. His warm smile flooded my heart, making me somehow forget about the unpleasant feeling.
Encouraged and relieved, I decided to enjoy the rest of the journey. So we kept talking happily throughout the whole flight until our conversation was interrupted by the announcement of the flight attendant, which reminded us that the plane was about to land. On going out of the plane, I was welcomed by my grandparents’ warm smiles and high praise. I suddenly realized the meaning of the quote passed down in my family and this precious quote always jumps into my head every time I have a new challenge.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次乘坐飞机的经历，多亏了陌生人的陪伴和鼓励，作者才成功做到了，也最终明白了“当你面临挑战的时候，不管有多困难，只要咬紧牙关，你就会克服它”。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“这时传来一个清晰而温柔的声音：‘第一次独自旅行？’”以及第二段首句“受到鼓舞和宽慰后，我决定享受余下的旅程。”可知，第一段可描写陌生人是如何鼓舞和给作者带来宽慰。
②由第二段首句“受到鼓舞和宽慰后，我决定享受余下的旅程。”可知，第二段可描写作者如何度过接下来的时光并回到本文第一段的主题“当你面临挑战的时候，不管有多困难，只要咬紧牙关，你就会克服它”。
2.续写线索：决定一个人坐飞机——情绪低落——遇到陌生人——陌生人鼓励作者——开始享受旅程
3.词汇激活
行为类
①抬头：look up/raise one’s head
②充满：flood/fill
情绪类
①困惑的：confused/bewildered
②不开心：unpleasant/unhappy
【点睛】【高分句型1】Teenager as he was, confused and alarmed just like me, he managed it eventually.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句，且构成倒装）
【高分句型2】So we kept talking happily throughout the whole flight until our conversation was interrupted by the announcement of the flight attendant, which reminded us that the plane was about to land.（运用了until引导的时间状语从句、which引导的定语从句和that引导的宾语从句）