2022北京朝阳高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

这是一份2022北京朝阳高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共23页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京朝阳高二（上）期末
英 语
第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games (残奥会) provided plenty of drama. One of the most ___1___ performances was that of Ibrahim Hamadtou, the armless Egyptian table tennis star. While playing, he puts a paddle (球拍) in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball. This inspiring player ___2___ at the world stage with his unique skills.
Hamadtou ___3___ his arms in a train accident at the age of ten. He was drawn to table tennis after being challenged by a friend. Once Hamadtou was counting points of his friends’ match, the one who disagreed on a point told Hamadtou, “___4___ your own business as you will never be able to play.” It was that statement that ___5___ him up to decide to play table tennis.
Hamadtou says the biggest ___6___ was figuring out the best way to control his body. “I was trying first to use the paddle under the arm, and I also tried using other things, which weren’t working so well. ___7___, I tried using my mouth. It took me three years to master the sport.”
In 2016, this ___8___ player won the silver medal at African Championships, which allowed him to fight for his Paralympics in 2016 and 2020.
The extraordinary athlete says, “The ___9___ is not in arms or legs but to give up in whatever you would like to do.” If you have got the strong willpower as Hamadtou, you can overcome any struggles and ___10___ anything in life.
1. A. peaceful B. voluntary C. remarkable D. mysterious
2. A. shines B. speaks C. conducts D. cheers
3. A. hurt B. lost C. lifted D. crossed
4. A. Build B. Control C. Run D. Mind
5. A. fired B. blew C. picked D. held
6. A. expectation B. change C. challenge D. operation
7. A. Finally B. Suddenly C. Normally D. Actually
8. A. faithful B. responsible C. emotional D. incredible
9. A. disappointment B. disability C. argument D. possibility
10. A. appreciate B. produce C. prove D. achieve
第二节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。
approve of；be consistent with；complain；encounter；end up
be related to；devote oneself to；convince；rely on；pretend to

11. As is known to all, physics ________ math.
12. As we missed the last bus, we ________ taking a taxi home.
13. If you want to take the position, you’ll need to ________ the boss of your enthusiasm for it.
14 You can believe what Tom said. His action ________ his words.
15. My parents need to know exactly where I plan to go before they can ________ my trip.
16. Linda decided to ________ supporting her son in pursuing his dream.
17. All passersby ________ about the stone in the center of the road, but nobody tried to move it.
18. Mark closed his eyes and ________ be asleep.
19. Sherry lost her hearing when she was young and now she ________ hearing aids and lip-reading.
20. Being an explorer means taking risks and ________ various difficulties on the road to the unknown.
第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. Steven was late for class, ________ made his teacher angry.(用适当的词填空)
22. Write the letter on the computer, then you can make changes ________ (easy) on screen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom’s English ________ (improve) greatly in the past few years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24. He ________ (serve) in the army for ten years; then he retired and married. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25. My doctor said I should have my eyes ________ (test) every 2 years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26. Yuan Longping always worked deep into night, ________ (prepare) for his experiment the next day. (所给词适当形式填空)
27. I hope one day I could live in a country ________ the sun always shines. (用适当的词填空)
28. I planned to write about Mr. Chaplin, ________ films are still very popular among a large audience. (用适当的词填空)
29. After six hours’ climbing, we succeeded in_________(get)to the top of the mountain. （所给词的适当形式填空）
30. Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I _____(have) my classes then. （用单词适当形式填空）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Prom (舞会) Time!
A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school such as the end of secondary school or after completing school exams in Year 12 (aged 17–18). Proms are held in July, around the end of exam time. The idea is to celebrate your time and work at school. Some schools pay a professional organisation to arrange it. Others hold it themselves with a school dinner in the school hall. But they all involve big parties and big dresses. Get a plan before you go!
Clothes
You should dress up for your prom with formal wear. Many teenagers commonly wear school uniforms, but on prom night girls exchange their uniforms for beautiful evening dresses and high heels (高跟鞋). Boys that are usually only seen in jeans and trainers when not at school dress up in a suit with a tie and smart shoes. The right hairstyle and make-up are important too.
Vehicles
Arriving at your prom in large 4x4 vehicles is very popular. But it is not the standard answer. Two girls with a sense of humour arrived at their school prom both dressed as Barbie. Did they arrive in a car? No, they travelled in a more original style: their mothers made each girl a life-sized Barbie box and they were trucked to the prom party in their boxes!
Cost
The school prom is big business. The average prom costs parents over ₤200 per teenager. Of course, not all families would like to spend so much money on their teenager’s prom. If your family doesn’t have the budget (预算) , you may save your pocket money or work part-time to cover the cost. There are popular jobs, including babysitting, shop work and working as a waiter or waitress.
According to the recent newspaper report, nearly 85% of schools in Britain have a prom. However, the modern school prom is not popular with most parents of teenagers.
31. A school prom is held mainly to ________.
A. enjoy school dinners B. celebrate graduation
C. start an organisation D. pass school exams
32. What do we know about school proms from the passage?
A. Boys prefer to wear jeans at proms.
B. Proms are welcomed by all teen families.
C. Expensive vehicles are necessary for proms.
D. Part-time jobs can be taken to pay for proms.
33. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To analyse the cost of school proms.
B. To present the types of school proms.
C. To offer information about school proms.
D To show attitudes towards school proms.
B
Peggy, an old border collie (柯利牧羊犬), was signed over to the RSPCA, a charity with a primary focus on rescuing and rehoming animals, after her owner could no longer communicate with her. The owner thought she could no longer work because she was not able to hear.
However, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal health manager from the organisation.
Shorten and her husband, Jason, a shepherd (牧羊人), taught Peggy to understand hand signals and body language. The couple trained Peggy with the help of a sheepdog trainer and their two other working dogs, Sid and Nora.
Shorten said, “We completely fell in love with Peggy almost at first sight, and it soon became clear that she wouldn’t be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be working, so we started the long process of teaching her how to work with a shepherd without relying on voice orders.”
The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to receive hand signals. They used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a voice order with an action, they’d use a hand gesture. Peggy read their hand signals and body language as a way of telling what they’re asking for.
Shorten and her husband point in a certain direction to indicate where they want Peggy to go and pat their knees to call her back to them. To ask her to slow down, Shorten does a waving gesture.
Peggy is not working full-time but enjoys helping out in the fields. “It can be difficult with a deaf dog, because you have to wave at her to get her attention, and sometimes she doesn’t realize straight away,” she said. “But she’s such a happy little dog. She’s no spring chicken, and she is generally retired, but she loves going out to work with us and running around in the fields.”
34. Why was Peggy brought to the RSPCA?
A. Because she was old. B. Because she was noisy.
C. Because she was deaf. D. Because she was retired.
35. How did the couple train Peggy to communicate?
A. By relying on other sheepdogs.
B. By working long hours in the fields.
C. By using sign and gesture language.
D. By matching voice orders with actions.
36. According to the passage, which word can best describe Chloe Shorten?
A. Caring. B. Curious. C. Grateful. D. Demanding.
C
Young students are often considered “digital natives,” with technology integrated into every aspect of their lives. While this can be an advantage in some situations, research has shown that the impact is not entirely positive—the Internet allows them to quickly find information at the cost of significant distraction in class. Without being attentive, students will be incapable of processing information, which means they’re not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.
When students can’t seem to focus, a common idea among teachers is that short is good. Many teachers simply cut lessons into smaller pieces. Some teachers begin classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate. However, it turns out that any sort of “tech breaks” could counteract the desires to come back to study.
Some teachers also choose to “meet students where they are” on platforms like YouTube. A 2018 study from Pearson found that students tended to stay away from physical books, preferring video as a source of information second only to teachers. By meeting students where they already engage and create, teachers can better catch attention.
However, while some educators are welcoming technology in the classroom, multiple studies have shown more traditional classrooms can be more successful. A 2014 study found taking notes in longhand helped students withhold information better than using a laptop. Researchers also point out switching between short teaching pieces too quickly could take valuable comprehension from the students. Students need time to engage with a topic before moving on.
Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers’ authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary component in the classroom. Technology will be favoured only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Success is no longer about knowing the most. Instead, it’s the ability to think critically and creatively, the very skills that digital media weakens by lowering attention spans. If you think of people who became successful in the tech world, it wasn’t because they could code; it was because they could think. Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new technologies, but to educate students to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.
37. What result has technology brought to students?
A. It urges them to process information.
B. It prevents them obtaining information.
C. It ruins their possible classroom distraction.
D. It damages their ability to digest information.
38. What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Maintain. B. Motivate. C. Reduce. D. Replace.
39. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Direct instruction takes priority in lessons.
B. Digital resources will weaken offline learning.
C. Small lessons can engage students in learning.
D. Laptop noting helps students gain knowledge better.
40. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Students need to learn to get rid of social media.
B. Teachers should progress to educate the young generation.
C. The benefits of technology on education outweigh its harm.
D. Traditional methods are favoured by both teachers and students.
D
The Price of a Piece of History
A fresh lemon can be bought for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan’s Auctions (拍卖) in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington. According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death.
Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not fresh. Yet determining potential values of such objects isn’t easy. For one thing, their origin, or history of ownership, is both important and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as letters, diaries referring to the object can help.
The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter. Katie Horstman, head of Cowan, says she could find no comparables for the lemon as she prepared the auction. However, she finally arrived at an estimated (估计的) value by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.
Often the final selling price of objects touched by history has to do with the moods and passions of the collectors and other potential buyers expected to be present on auction day. But even the experts can make a mistake sometimes. For instance, a 2016 Christie’s sale in London included a 1935 jacket worn by Albert Einstein, and a pocket watch the physicist had owned in 1900 when he was 21 and still largely unknown. The jacket sold for ₤110,500, well above its estimated value of ₤40,000 to ₤60,000. The watch, meanwhile, which had an estimated value of ₤15,000 to ₤20,000, sold for ₤266,500.
Thomas Venning, director of Christie, has his explanation for why the watch sold for so much more than the jacket, and likely for more than the experts would have guessed. There are photographs of Einstein, the father of relativity, wearing the jacket, Mr. Venning says. “But Einstein’s jacket didn’t change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him for, which made it more valuable to collectors.”
41. What do we know about the lemon sold for $2,350?
A. It has been kept well by Washington’s gardener.
B. It was associated with Washington due to a note.
C. It was collected 43 years before Washington’s death.
D. It was put in the bottle by Washington a century ago.
42. The author mentions the Picasso painting to ________.
A. highlight the difficulty of valuing the lemon
B. compare its value with Washington’s lemon
C. illustrate the way to assess a piece of history
D. analyse the value of objects related to Picasso
43. What can we learn from the passage?
A. No comparables led to the high value of the lemon.
B. The estimated value is expected to dominate the final price.
C. Passions of the collectors are the decisive factor of the value.
D. Documents referring to the object can help determine the value.
44. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Historic objects are like a mirror reflecting reality.
B. It is reasonable to value historic objects at a high price.
C. Historic objects offer people a sense of changing the world.
D. Collectors are responsive to estimated value of historic objects.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Filling Ip on Information
People now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet. While there are clearly benefits to it, there are also unexpected effects. One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity”. ____45____
Infobesity can be caused by many factors. For example, information from various sources can lead to infobesity. A search on a particular topic can bring hundreds of websites with a lot of information, and you may feel very upset due to the amount of information accessible. ____46____Smart devices provide a person with information on the go, merely to stay updated. This often gets misused. As a result, people will load themselves with too much information.
____47____ They indicate that an over-exposure to information can cause people’s behavioural changes. It makes a person tired mentally and physically, directly leading to stress where the person is too tired to carry on any activity. In addition, infobesity is the enemy of good decisions. People can probably be at a loss in the face of many possibilities. ____48____
So, what can be done to reduce the effects of this condition? While there is no easy answer, one obvious step is to limit our sources of information. Sort the information we receive as important and unimportant, and try to only focus on things that really matter to us and on just one thing at a time. ____49____ And who knows?
Too much of anything is bad. This applies not only to the food one consumes, but also to the information that one receives. By taking a certain action, infobesity can be controlled at the first stage itself.
A. Experts have shown some major effects of infobesity.
B. This would give us more room to absorb information from sources.
C. Being constantly connected to technology can also result in infobesity.
D. It involves a situation where there’s too much information on a given topic.
E. We are sure about how certain types of information help us get where we want to go.
F. Since technology has got us into this mess, perhaps it will also present solutions in future.
G. One example is that, for online shoppers, a purchase can be difficult with so many choices accessible.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题
Are we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
According to Dr. Crabtree, human intelligence may have actually mounted to the top more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then it has been going downhill. Dr. Crabtree states that genetic mutations (基因变异) during the past several thousands of years are causing a decrease in overall human intellectual and emotional fitness.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. Our bodies choose what genes we decide to keep and pass on what will most likely benefit our children. The study explains how our body decides to keep those traits that make us most healthy and most immune, not the ones that make us most intelligent. So since we need to be healthy but possibly not as smart, we start to lose the genes that make us smart.
There are other scientists that seem to agree with Dr. Crabtree. Ray Williams, from MIT, carried out a survey of general knowledge among public school students in his study. The data showed that 77% of the students didn’t know who was the first president of America and 18% of the Americans still believed that the sun goes around the earth. So Dr. Crabtree’s idea that people could be getting stupider could be factual.
However, not everyone believes in Crabtree’s theory. James Flynn, the author of Are We Getting Smarter, argues that human mental abilities have grown, because we are learning what possibilities are open to us and have developed a wider variety of intelligence.
“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago,” Thomas Hills, another opponent from the University of Warwick, says, “But now we have people of his intelligent level doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.”
50. What does Dr. Crabtree believe about human intelligence?
51. How did Ray Williams prove Dr. Crabtree’s theory to be true?
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
53. Are you for or against Dr. Crabtree’s belief on human intelligence? Explain your reasons. In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
54. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。为迎接北京冬奥会，你校将在下周举办“迷你奥运会”（the Mini-Olympics）。请你给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加活动，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 具体安排。

注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考答案
第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games (残奥会) provided plenty of drama. One of the most ___1___ performances was that of Ibrahim Hamadtou, the armless Egyptian table tennis star. While playing, he puts a paddle (球拍) in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball. This inspiring player ___2___ at the world stage with his unique skills.
Hamadtou ___3___ his arms in a train accident at the age of ten. He was drawn to table tennis after being challenged by a friend. Once Hamadtou was counting points of his friends’ match, the one who disagreed on a point told Hamadtou, “___4___ your own business as you will never be able to play.” It was that statement that ___5___ him up to decide to play table tennis.
Hamadtou says the biggest ___6___ was figuring out the best way to control his body. “I was trying first to use the paddle under the arm, and I also tried using other things, which weren’t working so well. ___7___, I tried using my mouth. It took me three years to master the sport.”
In 2016, this ___8___ player won the silver medal at African Championships, which allowed him to fight for his Paralympics in 2016 and 2020.
The extraordinary athlete says, “The ___9___ is not in arms or legs but to give up in whatever you would like to do.” If you have got the strong willpower as Hamadtou, you can overcome any struggles and ___10___ anything in life.
1. A. peaceful B. voluntary C. remarkable D. mysterious
2. A. shines B. speaks C. conducts D. cheers
3. A. hurt B. lost C. lifted D. crossed
4. A. Build B. Control C. Run D. Mind
5. A. fired B. blew C. picked D. held
6. A. expectation B. change C. challenge D. operation
7. A. Finally B. Suddenly C. Normally D. Actually
8. A. faithful B. responsible C. emotional D. incredible
9. A. disappointment B. disability C. argument D. possibility
10. A. appreciate B. produce C. prove D. achieve
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过残疾人哈马图的励志故事告诉我们：如果你有坚强的意志力，你就能克服任何困难，在生活中取得任何成就。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中最引人注目的表演之一是无臂埃及乒乓球明星易卜拉欣·哈马图。A. peaceful 和平的、宁静的；B. voluntary 自愿的、志愿的；C. remarkable 引人注目的、非凡的；D. mysterious 神秘的。根据下文“While playing, he puts a paddle in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball”可知，打球时，他把球拍放在嘴里，用右脚发球，说明这是“引人注目、非凡的”的表演。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个鼓舞人心的球员在世界舞台上闪耀着他独特的技能。A. shines 闪耀、发光；B. speaks 谈话、说；C. conducts 实施、指挥；D. cheers 欢呼、喝彩。根据上文“While playing, he puts a paddle in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball”可知，他的打球技能是很独特的，所以用“闪耀”在舞台更符合语境。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈马图十岁时在一次火车事故中失去了双臂。A. hurt 伤害、疼痛；B. lost 失去、丢失；C. lifted 举起、抬升；D. crossed 交叉、越过。根据上文“the armless Egyptian table tennis star”可知，他是一位无臂乒乓球明星，所以此处指“失去”了双臂。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，哈马图正在为他的朋友们计算分数，一个在分数上有分歧的人对哈马图说：“管好你自己的事吧，因为你永远都不能打球。”A.Build 建造；B. Control 控制；C. Run 奔跑、经营；D. Mind 介意、关心。根据下“文 you will never be able to play”可知，这是对他的嘲讽，所以用mind one's own business表示“管好自己的事”。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是那句话激发了他打乒乓球的决心。A. fired 点火、激发；B. blew 吹；C. picked 捡、采摘；D. held 抓住、举办。根据上文朋友对他的讽刺的话可知，这些话应该是“激发”了他的决心，符合语境。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈马图说，最大的挑战是找到最好的方法来控制他的身体。A. expectation 期望；B. change 变化、零钱；C. challenge 挑战；D. operation 操作、手术。根据下文“figuring out the best way to control his body”可知，作为一个无臂球员，控制身体肯定不容易，所以应该是一种“挑战”。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我试着用我的嘴。A. Finally 最后、最终；B. Suddenly 突然地；C. Normally 正常地；D. Actually 实际上、事实上。根据上文“I was trying first to use the paddle under the arm, and I also tried using other things, which weren’t working so well”和下文“I tried using my mouth”可知，前文尝试过了用胳膊和其他部位，所以应该是“最后”是试着用嘴。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2016年，这位令人难以置信的运动员在非洲锦标赛上获得了银牌，这让他得以参加2016年和2020年的残奥会。A. faithful 忠诚的、可信任的；B. responsible 负责的、有责任的；C. emotional 情感的、情绪的；D. incredible 难以置信的、不可思议的。根据上文“It took me three years to master the sport”可知，一个残疾运动员花费了三年时间掌握这项运动，所以他是“令人难以置信的”运动员，符合语境。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位杰出的运动员说：“残疾不在于胳膊或腿，而在于放弃你想做的事情。” A. disappointment 失望、沮丧；B. disability 残疾、缺陷；C. argument 辩论、争论；D. possibility 可能性。根据上文“the armless Egyptian table tennis star”以及下文“not in arms or legs”可知，“残疾”不在于胳膊或腿。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你有哈马图那样坚强的意志力，你就能克服任何困难，在生活中取得任何成就。A. appreciate 欣赏、感激；B. produce 生产、产生；C. prove 证明；D. achieve 实现、取得。根据前文“overcome any struggles”可知，此处用“实现”成就与之对应，符合语境。故选D项。
第二节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。
approve of；be consistent with；complain；encounter；end up
be related to；devote oneself to；convince；rely on；pretend to

11. As is known to all, physics ________ math.
12. As we missed the last bus, we ________ taking a taxi home.
13. If you want to take the position, you’ll need to ________ the boss of your enthusiasm for it.
14. You can believe what Tom said. His action ________ his words.
15. My parents need to know exactly where I plan to go before they can ________ my trip.
16. Linda decided to ________ supporting her son in pursuing his dream.
17. All passersby ________ about the stone in the center of the road, but nobody tried to move it.
18. Mark closed his eyes and ________ be asleep.
19. Sherry lost her hearing when she was young and now she ________ hearing aids and lip-reading.
20. Being an explorer means taking risks and ________ various difficulties on the road to the unknown.
【答案】11. is related to
12. ended up
13. convince
14. is consistent with
15. approve of
16. devote herself to
17. complained
18. pretended to
19. relies on
20. encountering
【解析】
【11题详解】
考查时态及短语。句意：众所周知，物理与数学有关。根据句意，此处表示 “与……有关”，故用短语be related to。此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语physics是单数名词，故填is related to。
【12题详解】
考查时态及短语。句意：因为我们错过了最后一班公交车，最终打车回家。根据missed可知，时态是一般过去时。此处考查短语end up doing sth.表示“最后做某事”。根据时态，故填ended up。
【13题详解】
考查不定式。句意：如果你想担任这个职位，你需要使老板相信你对这个职位的热情。根据短语need to do sth.可知，此处应填不定式。根据空前to，此处填动词原形。表示“使……信服、相信”，故填convince。
【14题详解】
考查时态及短语。句意：你可以相信Tom说的话。他言行一致。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“与……一致”，故用短语be consistent with。此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数He，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填is consistent with。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我的父母要在同意我去旅行前，要确切知道我打算去哪里。根据空前can可知，其后应接动词原形。根据句意，此处应表示“同意”，故用动词短语approve of。故填approve of。
【16题详解】
考查不定式及动词短语。句意：Linda决定全心支持儿子追梦。根据短语decide to do及空前的to可知，此处填动词原形。根据句意，此处表示“全心……”，故用短语devote oneself to。oneself与主语Linda一致，故用herself，故填devote herself to。
【17题详解】
考查时态及动词。句意：所有的路人都抱怨路中间的石头，但没人尽力搬它。根据tried可知，时态是一般过去时。根据句意，此处表示“抱怨”，故用动词过去式complained。故填complained。
【18题详解】
考查时态及动词短语。句意：Mark闭着眼睛假装睡着。根据closed可知，时态是一般过去时。根据句意，此处表示“假装做某事”，故用动词短语pretend to do sth.。根据时态，故填pretended to。
【19题详解】
考查时态及动词短语。句意：Sherry小的时候失聪了，现在她依靠助听器和唇语。根据句意，此处表示“依靠”，故用短语rely on。根据now，表示与过去对比，时态应用一般现在时，。根据主语she，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填relies on。
【20题详解】
考查动名词。句意：作为一名探险家，意味着在通往未知的道路上冒险，并遇到各种困难。根据mean doing sth.及and表并列可知，此处应用动名词，与taking保持并列。根据句意，此处表示“遭遇、遇到”，故填encountering。
第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
21. Steven was late for class, ________ made his teacher angry.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Steven上课迟到使他的老师很生气。根据句子结构可知，此句是非限制性定语从句，缺少引导词，指代“Steven上课迟到”这件事，作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
22. Write the letter on the computer, then you can make changes ________ (easy) on screen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】easily
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在计算机上写信，然后你可以轻易地在屏幕上进行更改。根据句子结构可知，此处用副词easily，表示“轻易地、简单地”，作状语，修饰动词changes，故填easily。
23. Thanks to his teacher’s help, Tom’s English ________ (improve) greatly in the past few years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has improved
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：由于老师的帮助，汤姆的英语在过去几年里有了很大的进步。根据后文in the past few years可知，用现在完成时，主语为 Tom’s English，助动词用has。故填has improved。
24. He ________ (serve) in the army for ten years; then he retired and married. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had served
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他已经在军队服役10年了，然后他退休并结婚了。根据retired and married和for ten years可知，服兵役发生在退休和结婚前，时态用过去完成时。故填had served。
25. My doctor said I should have my eyes ________ (test) every 2 years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】tested
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我的医生说我应该每两年检测一次眼睛。根据句子结构，此处考查have sth. done，表示“使……被”。故此teste与eyes在逻辑上是被动关系，作宾语补足语，故填tested。
26. Yuan Longping always worked deep into night, ________ (prepare) for his experiment the next day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preparing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平总是工作到深夜，为第二天的实验做准备。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词做伴随状语，和句子的主语Yuan Longping为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以要用现在分词。故填preparing。
27. I hope one day I could live in a country ________ the sun always shines. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我希望有一天能够住在乡村，那里的太阳很闪耀。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少定语从句的引导词，指代先行词country，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
28. I planned to write about Mr. Chaplin, ________ films are still very popular among a large audience. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我计划写一篇关于卓别林先生的文章，他的电影仍然很受广大观众的欢迎。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Mr. Chaplin，指人且在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。
29. After six hours’ climbing, we succeeded in_________(get)to the top of the mountain. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】getting
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：经过6个小时的爬山过后，我们成功到达山顶。短语succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”，故此处用动名词作宾语。故填getting。
30. Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I _____(have) my classes then. （用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】will be having
【解析】
【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：明天8点到10点之间请不要给我打电话。那时我正在上课。分析句意，根据将来进行时的基本用法“表示主语在将来的某个时刻正在做某事”可知，明天8点到10点之间不要打电话是因为那个时候“我”正在上课。故填will be having。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Prom (舞会) Time!
A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school such as the end of secondary school or after completing school exams in Year 12 (aged 17–18). Proms are held in July, around the end of exam time. The idea is to celebrate your time and work at school. Some schools pay a professional organisation to arrange it. Others hold it themselves with a school dinner in the school hall. But they all involve big parties and big dresses. Get a plan before you go!
Clothes
You should dress up for your prom with formal wear. Many teenagers commonly wear school uniforms, but on prom night girls exchange their uniforms for beautiful evening dresses and high heels (高跟鞋). Boys that are usually only seen in jeans and trainers when not at school dress up in a suit with a tie and smart shoes. The right hairstyle and make-up are important too.
Vehicles
Arriving at your prom in large 4x4 vehicles is very popular. But it is not the standard answer. Two girls with a sense of humour arrived at their school prom both dressed as Barbie. Did they arrive in a car? No, they travelled in a more original style: their mothers made each girl a life-sized Barbie box and they were trucked to the prom party in their boxes!
Cost
The school prom is big business. The average prom costs parents over ₤200 per teenager. Of course, not all families would like to spend so much money on their teenager’s prom. If your family doesn’t have the budget (预算) , you may save your pocket money or work part-time to cover the cost. There are popular jobs, including babysitting, shop work and working as a waiter or waitress.
According to the recent newspaper report, nearly 85% of schools in Britain have a prom. However, the modern school prom is not popular with most parents of teenagers.
31. A school prom is held mainly to ________.
A. enjoy school dinners B. celebrate graduation
C. start an organisation D. pass school exams
32. What do we know about school proms from the passage?
A. Boys prefer to wear jeans at proms.
B. Proms are welcomed by all teen families.
C. Expensive vehicles are necessary for proms.
D. Part-time jobs can be taken to pay for proms.
33. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To analyse the cost of school proms.
B. To present the types of school proms.
C. To offer information about school proms.
D. To show attitudes towards school proms.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述学校舞会是一种正式的聚会，用来庆祝学校里的一个重要日子，几乎每个学校都会举办学校舞会。本文就如何在学校舞会开始前做精心的准备给出一些信息。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“A school prom is a formal party to celebrate an important date at school such as the end of secondary school or after completing school exams in Year 12 (aged 17–18). ”（学校舞会是一种正式的聚会，用来庆祝学校里的一个重要日子，如中学毕业或在12年级（17-18岁）完成学校考试后）可知，学校舞会是用来庆祝如中学毕业或完成十二年级学校考试这样的重要日子。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第三句话“If your family doesn’t have the budget (预算) , you may save your pocket money or work part-time to cover the cost.”（如果你的家庭没有预算，你可以省下零用钱或做兼职来支付费用）可知，学生们可以通过做兼职工作来支付学校舞会的费用。故选D。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据本文的标题“Prom (舞会) Time!”（舞会时间）以及第一段最后两句话“But they all involve big parties and big dresses. Get a plan before you go!”（但它们都涉及大型聚会和大型服装。在你参加之前制定一个计划！）结合下文对服装、车辆、花销的说明可知，本文就如何在学校舞会开始前做精心的准备给出一些信息。故选C。
B
Peggy, an old border collie (柯利牧羊犬), was signed over to the RSPCA, a charity with a primary focus on rescuing and rehoming animals, after her owner could no longer communicate with her. The owner thought she could no longer work because she was not able to hear.
However, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal health manager from the organisation.
Shorten and her husband, Jason, a shepherd (牧羊人), taught Peggy to understand hand signals and body language. The couple trained Peggy with the help of a sheepdog trainer and their two other working dogs, Sid and Nora.
Shorten said, “We completely fell in love with Peggy almost at first sight, and it soon became clear that she wouldn’t be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be working, so we started the long process of teaching her how to work with a shepherd without relying on voice orders.”
The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to receive hand signals. They used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a voice order with an action, they’d use a hand gesture. Peggy read their hand signals and body language as a way of telling what they’re asking for.
Shorten and her husband point in a certain direction to indicate where they want Peggy to go and pat their knees to call her back to them. To ask her to slow down, Shorten does a waving gesture.
Peggy is not working full-time but enjoys helping out in the fields. “It can be difficult with a deaf dog, because you have to wave at her to get her attention, and sometimes she doesn’t realize straight away,” she said. “But she’s such a happy little dog. She’s no spring chicken, and she is generally retired, but she loves going out to work with us and running around in the fields.”
34. Why was Peggy brought to the RSPCA?
A. Because she was old. B. Because she was noisy.
C. Because she was deaf. D. Because she was retired.
35. How did the couple train Peggy to communicate?
A. By relying on other sheepdogs.
B. By working long hours in the fields.
C. By using sign and gesture language.
D. By matching voice orders with actions.
36. According to the passage, which word can best describe Chloe Shorten?
A. Caring. B. Curious. C. Grateful. D. Demanding.
【答案】34. C 35. C 36. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是牧羊犬Peggy变聋后，Chloe Shorten是如何训练她交流的。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The owner thought she could no longer work because she was not able to hear.（主人认为她不能再工作了，因为她听不见）”和第二段中“However, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal health manager from the organisation.（然而，在Peggy 被交给皇家防止虐待动物协会后，该组织的动物健康经理Chloe Shorten收养了她）”，可知，Peggy变聋了，所以被带到RSPCA。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shorten and her husband, Jason, a shepherd (牧羊人), taught Peggy to understand hand signals and body language.（Shorten 和她的牧羊人丈夫Jason教Peggy 理解手势和肢体语言）”，和第五段中“The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to receive hand signals. They used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a voice order with an action, they’d use a hand gesture. Peggy read their hand signals and body language as a way of telling what they’re asking for. （这对夫妇开始训练Peggy 看着他们来接收手势。 他们使用重复和积极的强化，而不是将声音顺序与动作配对，他们会使用一个手势。 Peggy 读懂了他们的手势和肢体语言，以此来表达他们的要求）”，可知，这对夫妇通过使用手语和手势语言来训练Peggy交流。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“We completely fell in love with Peggy almost at first sight, and it soon became clear that she wouldn’t be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be working, so we started the long process of teaching her how to work with a shepherd without relying on voice orders.（我们几乎是第一眼看到Peggy 就彻底爱上了她，很快我们就明白，她哪儿也去不了。 我们知道Peggy 想要工作，所以我们开始了一个漫长的过程，教她如何在不依赖语音指令的情况下与牧羊人一起工作）”，可知，Chloe Shorten具有关爱，有同情心，所以描述Chloe Shorten的最好的词汇是“caring”。故选A。
C
Young students are often considered “digital natives,” with technology integrated into every aspect of their lives. While this can be an advantage in some situations, research has shown that the impact is not entirely positive—the Internet allows them to quickly find information at the cost of significant distraction in class. Without being attentive, students will be incapable of processing information, which means they’re not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.
When students can’t seem to focus, a common idea among teachers is that short is good. Many teachers simply cut lessons into smaller pieces. Some teachers begin classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate. However, it turns out that any sort of “tech breaks” could counteract the desires to come back to study.
Some teachers also choose to “meet students where they are” on platforms like YouTube. A 2018 study from Pearson found that students tended to stay away from physical books, preferring video as a source of information second only to teachers. By meeting students where they already engage and create, teachers can better catch attention.
However, while some educators are welcoming technology in the classroom, multiple studies have shown more traditional classrooms can be more successful. A 2014 study found taking notes in longhand helped students withhold information better than using a laptop. Researchers also point out switching between short teaching pieces too quickly could take valuable comprehension from the students. Students need time to engage with a topic before moving on.
Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers’ authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary component in the classroom. Technology will be favoured only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Success is no longer about knowing the most. Instead, it’s the ability to think critically and creatively, the very skills that digital media weakens by lowering attention spans. If you think of people who became successful in the tech world, it wasn’t because they could code; it was because they could think. Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new technologies, but to educate students to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.
37. What result has technology brought to students?
A. It urges them to process information.
B. It prevents them obtaining information.
C. It ruins their possible classroom distraction.
D. It damages their ability to digest information.
38. What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Maintain. B. Motivate. C. Reduce. D. Replace.
39. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Direct instruction takes priority in lessons.
B. Digital resources will weaken offline learning.
C. Small lessons can engage students in learning.
D. Laptop noting helps students gain knowledge better.
40. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Students need to learn to get rid of social media.
B. Teachers should progress to educate the young generation.
C. The benefits of technology on education outweigh its harm.
D. Traditional methods are favoured by both teachers and students.
【答案】37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述现在电子科技已经融入到了年轻学生的生活中，研究表明互联网让他们能够快速找到信息，而代价是课堂上的注意力严重分散。教师别无选择，只能自我提升，这不仅是为了确保学生能够接触和利用新技术，也是为了教育学生在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“Without being attentive, students will be incapable of processing information, which means they’re not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.”（如果注意力不集中，学生将无法处理信息，这意味着他们将无法理解、分析、批评并对信息做出决定。）可推知，互联网会让学生的注意力分散，注意力分散后就不能很好的去消化所获得的信息。故选D。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句话“Some teachers begin classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate.”（当学生需要集中注意力时，一些老师开始上课时进行正念练习。）以及转折连词however可知前后为转折关系。根据划线所在句子的“ any sort of “tech breaks””（任何形式的“技术突破”）和后面的“the desires to come back to study”（重返学习的欲望）可知，老师在上课是会想一些办法让学生集中注意力，但是，只要碰上和互联网有关的东西，就会降低孩子们学习的欲望，所以counteract的意思为“减少，降低”。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句话“Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers’ authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary component in the classroom. ”（甚至许多技术倡导者也发现传统方法的价值，并建议进行综合学习。他们同意教师的权威仍然至关重要，师生面对面的互动仍然是课堂的主要组成部分。）可知，在教学当中，我们应该遵循传统的方法，老师和学生面对面教学，老师对学生做出直接的指导应该在教学中占优先地位。故选A。
【40题详解】
文章大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段最后一句话“Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new technologies, but to educate students to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.”（教师别无选择，只能自我提升，这不仅是为了确保学生能够接触和利用新技术，也是为了教育学生在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。）可知，这篇文章想要表达我们不可能避免网络或科技给学生们带来的害处，只有老师不断提升自己来教育年轻的一代，让他们在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。故选B。
D
The Price of a Piece of History
A fresh lemon can be bought for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan’s Auctions (拍卖) in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington. According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death.
Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not fresh. Yet determining potential values of such objects isn’t easy. For one thing, their origin, or history of ownership, is both important and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as letters, diaries referring to the object can help.
The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter. Katie Horstman, head of Cowan, says she could find no comparables for the lemon as she prepared the auction. However, she finally arrived at an estimated (估计) value by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.
Often the final selling price of objects touched by history has to do with the moods and passions of the collectors and other potential buyers expected to be present on auction day. But even the experts can make a mistake sometimes. For instance, a 2016 Christie’s sale in London included a 1935 jacket worn by Albert Einstein, and a pocket watch the physicist had owned in 1900 when he was 21 and still largely unknown. The jacket sold for ₤110,500, well above its estimated value of ₤40,000 to ₤60,000. The watch, meanwhile, which had an estimated value of ₤15,000 to ₤20,000, sold for ₤266,500.
Thomas Venning, director of Christie, has his explanation for why the watch sold for so much more than the jacket, and likely for more than the experts would have guessed. There are photographs of Einstein, the father of relativity, wearing the jacket, Mr. Venning says. “But Einstein’s jacket didn’t change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him for, which made it more valuable to collectors.”
41. What do we know about the lemon sold for $2,350?
A. It has been kept well by Washington’s gardener.
B. It was associated with Washington due to a note.
C. It was collected 43 years before Washington’s death.
D. It was put in the bottle by Washington a century ago.
42. The author mentions the Picasso painting to ________.
A. highlight the difficulty of valuing the lemon
B. compare its value with Washington’s lemon
C. illustrate the way to assess a piece of history
D. analyse the value of objects related to Picasso
43. What can we learn from the passage?
A. No comparables led to the high value of the lemon.
B. The estimated value is expected to dominate the final price.
C. Passions of the collectors are the decisive factor of the value.
D. Documents referring to the object can help determine the value.
44. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Historic objects are like a mirror reflecting reality.
B. It is reasonable to value historic objects at a high price.
C. Historic objects offer people a sense of changing the world.
D. Collectors are responsive to estimated value of historic objects.
【答案】41 B 42. A 43. D 44. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个名人物品的拍卖案例以及评估名人物品的拍卖价值的难度。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death.（据装柠檬的瓶子上的一张手写纸条显示，这颗柠檬是在美国第一位总统去世43年后，由华盛顿的“老园丁”采摘的。）”可知，这个卖了2350美元的柠檬与华盛顿的联系是由于一张便条。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style.（许多历史文物的独特性使得给它们估价变得更加困难。要想了解毕加索一幅画的价值，可以看看同时期、类似大小或风格的其他毕加索画作的近期价格。）”可推断，作者提到毕加索的画是为了强调给柠檬估价的困难。故选A。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as letters, diaries referring to the object can help.（名人拿着该物品的照片，以及与该物品相关的信件和日记都能有所帮助。）”可知，与该物品有关的文档可以帮助确定该价值。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““But Einstein’s jacket didn’t change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him for, which made it more valuable to collectors.”（但爱因斯坦的夹克并没有改变世界。手表和时间感是我们认识他的原因，这让他对收藏者来说更有价值。）”可推断，历史文物价值高是合理的。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Filling Ip on Information
People now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet. While there are clearly benefits to it, there are also unexpected effects. One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity”. ____45____
Infobesity can be caused by many factors. For example, information from various sources can lead to infobesity. A search on a particular topic can bring hundreds of websites with a lot of information, and you may feel very upset due to the amount of information accessible. ____46____Smart devices provide a person with information on the go, merely to stay updated. This often gets misused. As a result, people will load themselves with too much information.
____47____ They indicate that an over-exposure to information can cause people’s behavioural changes. It makes a person tired mentally and physically, directly leading to stress where the person is too tired to carry on any activity. In addition, infobesity is the enemy of good decisions. People can probably be at a loss in the face of many possibilities. ____48____
So, what can be done to reduce the effects of this condition? While there is no easy answer, one obvious step is to limit our sources of information. Sort the information we receive as important and unimportant, and try to only focus on things that really matter to us and on just one thing at a time. ____49____ And who knows?
Too much of anything is bad. This applies not only to the food one consumes, but also to the information that one receives. By taking a certain action, infobesity can be controlled at the first stage itself.
A. Experts have shown some major effects of infobesity.
B. This would give us more room to absorb information from sources.
C. Being constantly connected to technology can also result in infobesity.
D. It involves a situation where there’s too much information on a given topic.
E. We are sure about how certain types of information help us get where we want to go.
F. Since technology has got us into this mess, perhaps it will also present solutions in future.
G. One example is that, for online shoppers, a purchase can be difficult with so many choices accessible.
【答案】45. D 46. C 47. A 48. G 49. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导致信息肥胖症的原因，对人们的影响以及应对信息肥胖症的方法。
【45题详解】
上文“One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infobesity.””（一个特别问题是信息超负荷，通常被称为“信息肥胖症”。）说明信息超负荷通常被称为“信息肥胖症”，空处应介绍信息肥胖症的内容是什么，D项“它包含给定主题的信息太多的情况。”符合题意。故选D。
【46题详解】
上文“A search on a particular topic can bring hundreds of websites with a lot of information, and you may feel very upset due to the amount of information accessible.”（一个特定主题的搜索可以带来数百个网站，其中包含大量信息，你可能会因为可访问的信息量而感到非常不安。）说明使用网络搜索也可能会导致信息超负荷，C项“不断地与技术联系也能导致信息肥胖症。”符合题意。故选C。
【47题详解】
下文“They indicate that an over-exposure to information can cause people’s behavioural changes. It makes a person tired mentally and physically, directly leading to stress where the person is too tired to carry on any activity.”（他们提示过度接触信息会导致人们的行为改变。它使人身心疲惫，直接导致压力，使人疲惫不堪，无法进行任何活动。）说明专家提出信息肥胖症的影响，A项中Experts（专家们）是关键词，说明专家们所做的事情，A项“专家们已经展示了一些信息肥胖症的主要影响。”符合题意。故选A。
【48题详解】
上文“In addition, infobesity is the enemy of good decisions. People can probably be at a loss in the face of many possibilities.”（此外，信息肥胖症是良好决策的敌人。面对许多可能性，人们可能会不知所措。）说明信息超负荷可能会导致人们无法做出好的决定，G项“一个例子是，对于在线购物者来说，有如此多的选择可供选择，购买可能很困难。”对此进行举例说明，符合题意。故选G。
【49题详解】
下文“And who knows?”（谁知道呢？）说明并不确定，所以空处应提出方法，但是方法是否奏效并不确定，F项“既然技术让我们陷入了这样的困境，也许它也会在未来提出解决方案。”符合题意。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Are we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
According to Dr. Crabtree, human intelligence may have actually mounted to the top more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then it has been going downhill. Dr. Crabtree states that genetic mutations (基因变异) during the past several thousands of years are causing a decrease in overall human intellectual and emotional fitness.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. Our bodies choose what genes we decide to keep and pass on what will most likely benefit our children. The study explains how our body decides to keep those traits that make us most healthy and most immune, not the ones that make us most intelligent. So since we need to be healthy but possibly not as smart, we start to lose the genes that make us smart.
There are other scientists that seem to agree with Dr. Crabtree. Ray Williams, from MIT, carried out a survey of general knowledge among public school students in his study. The data showed that 77% of the students didn’t know who was the first president of America and 18% of the Americans still believed that the sun goes around the earth. So Dr. Crabtree’s idea that people could be getting stupider could be factual.
However, not everyone believes in Crabtree’s theory. James Flynn, the author of Are We Getting Smarter, argues that human mental abilities have grown, because we are learning what possibilities are open to us and have developed a wider variety of intelligence.
“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago,” Thomas Hills, another opponent from the University of Warwick, says, “But now we have people of his intelligent level doing things and making insights that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.”
50. What does Dr. Crabtree believe about human intelligence?
51. How did Ray Williams prove Dr. Crabtree’s theory to be true?
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
53. Are you for or against Dr. Crabtree’s belief on human intelligence? Explain your reasons. In about 40 words)
【答案】50. Human intelligence has been going downhill since 2000 years ago.
51. By carrying out a survey and providing data.
52. People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
According to the author, people who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have a wider variety of intelligence than people in ancient times.
53. (1) I don’t agree with Dr. Crabtree’s belief. Since 2,000 years ago, the society has developed from the primitive to advanced. If human intelligence had gone downhill, there would be no inventions which promote the social and technological development.
(2) I support Dr. Crabtree’s theory. Our ancient ancestors created fabulous inventions, like Chinese four great inventions, and these inventions greatly promote the world civilization. People continue to evolve on the achievements of our ancestors. Now people increasingly rely on technology and it hurts our intelligence by decreasing our memory.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论人的智力的发展问题及各个研究者的不同观点。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“According to Dr. Crabtree, human intelligence may have actually mounted to the top more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then it has been going downhill.（根据Crabtree博士的说法，人类的智力实际上可能在2000多年前就已经上升到顶峰，从那时起，它一直在走下坡路。）”可知，人类的智力从2000多年前就开始走下坡路了。故答案为Human intelligence has been going downhill since 2000 years ago.
【51题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Ray Williams, from MIT, carried out a survey of general knowledge among public school students in his study. The data showed that 77% of the students didn’t know who was the first president of America and 18% of the Americans still believed that the sun goes around the earth. So Dr. Crabtree’s idea that people could be getting stupider could be factual.（麻省理工学院Ray Williams在他的研究中对公立学校学生的一般知识进行了调查。数据显示，77%的学生不知道谁是美国第一任总统，18%的美国人仍然相信太阳绕着地球转。因此，Crabtree博士认为人们可能会变得更愚蠢的想法可能是事实。）”可知，Ray Williams通过调查研究并提供数据支持论点，以此证明Crabtree博士的理论正确。故答案为By carrying out a survey and providing data.
【52题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第五段“However, not everyone believes in Crabtree’s theory. James Flynn, the author of Are We Getting Smarter, argues that human mental abilities have grown, because we are learning what possibilities are open to us and have developed a wider variety of intelligence.（然而，并不是每个人都相信Crabtree博士的理论。《我们变得更聪明吗》一书的作者James Flynn认为，人类的心理能力已经增长，因为我们正在学习哪些可能性是开放的，并且已经发展出更广泛的智力。）”可知，质疑Crabtree博士的人认为：人类的心理能力已经增长，并且已经发展出更广泛的智力。推知他们认为今天的人比古代的人拥有更广泛的智力，而不是拥有一样的智力。故答案为People who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have similar intelligence to people in ancient times.
According to the author, people who question Dr. Crabtree’s theory believe that people today have a wider variety of intelligence than people in ancient times.
【53题详解】
考查开放试题。答案为(1) I don’t agree with Dr. Crabtree’s belief. Since 2,000 years ago, the society has developed from the primitive to advanced. If human intelligence had gone downhill, there would be no inventions which promote the social and technological development.
(2) I support Dr. Crabtree’s theory. Our ancient ancestors created fabulous inventions, like Chinese four great inventions, and these inventions greatly promote the world civilization. People continue to evolve on the achievements of our ancestors. Now people increasingly rely on technology and it hurts our intelligence by decreasing our memory.
第二节（20分）
54. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。为迎接北京冬奥会，你校将在下周举办“迷你奥运会”（the Mini-Olympics）。请你给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加活动，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 具体安排。

注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
【答案】Possible version 1：
Dear Jim,
How is it going recently? With the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games around the corner, our school will hold the Mini-Olympics next week. Hearing that you have great interest in the Olympics, I’m writing to invite you to participate in it.
This activity aims to echo the Olympic spirit of building a better world, and stimulate students’ passion for sports.
On the opening ceremony, different classes will march in on behalf of different countries. After the headmaster’s announcement, the games start. A variety of sports events will be held, including skating, high jump, running, and so on. Those who win the games will step up to the podium and be awarded the medals, with the national anthem of the champion’s country played.
How do you think about this arrangement? Would you like to join us? I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua

Possible version 2：
Dear Jim,
How’s everything going? To welcome the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games and enrich our school life, a Mini-Olympics will be held in our school next week. I’m writing to invite you to join in the Games.
The whole event will last for three days, during which a variety of events will take place. Early on Monday, we will have the opening ceremony. After that, we can take part in a wide range of activities including running, skating and so on during the following two days. I know you’re good at skating, so don’t miss the valuable chance. Finally, the winners of each event will be given medals.
Since you are a great fan of sports, I hope you can come and enjoy it. Looking forward to your presence!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加将在下周举办的“迷你奥运会”活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对.....感兴趣：have interest in → be interested in
参加：participate in → take part in
各种各样的：a variety of → various
激励：stimulate → motivate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Winter Games around the corner, our school will hold the Mini-Olympics next week.
拓展句：Winter Games around the corner, our school will hold the Mini-Olympics which is scheduled to take place next week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Those who win the games will step up to the podium and be awarded the medals, with the national anthem of the champion’s country played.（运用了who引导的限定性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Hearing that you have great interest in the Olympics, I’m writing to invite you to participate in it.（运用了现在分词作状语）