2022北京海淀高二（上）期末英语（教师版）

这是一份2022北京海淀高二（上）期末英语（教师版），共23页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京海淀高二（上）期末
英 语
考生须知：
1.本参考样题共 10 页，共 4 大部分，58 道题，满分 100 分。考试时间 90 分钟。
2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。
3.答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4.在答题卡上，选择题用 2B 铅笔作答，其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
第一部分：听力理解 （共三节，20 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；每小题 1 分，共 4 分）
听下面 4 段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答 时间。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. When will the man’s sister arrive at the station?
A. In 20 minutes. B. In half an hour. C. In 10 minutes.
2. What topic does the woman suggest for the report?
A. Garbage sorting. B. Endangered species. C. Air pollution.
3. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
4. Why does the woman make the call?
A. To make a request. B. To make a complaint. C. To make an apology.
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答 时间。每段对话你将听两遍。
听第 5 段材料，回答第 5 至 6 题。
5. What does the woman like about the movie?
A. Its plot. B. Its music. C. Its lines.
6. Why does the man want to recommend the movie to Lucy?
A. It is her favorite kind of movie.
B. It may give her ideas for her writing.
C. It may relieve her pressure from writing.
听第 6 段材料，回答第 7 至 8 题。
7. What is the man doing?
A. Measuring water. B. Taking a shower. C. Looking for a job.
8. What suggestion does the woman give the man?
A. Timing his shower. B. Sharing the water bill. C. Taking shorter showers.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 9 至 10 题。
9. Why is the man so happy?
A. He has won a lot of money. B. He is going to finish school.
C. He has finished three more classes.
10 How will the man probably pay for his MBA?
A. He will work part-time.
B. His parents will pay for it.
C. He may borrow money from a bank.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 12 题。
11. What does the woman think of her father?
A. Stubborn. B. Understanding. C. Helpful.
12. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Practise harder for the play.
B. Quit the play at the Grand Hall. C. Invite her father to the rehearsal.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 14 题。
13. Which number should the buyer of the Sony TV call?
A. 344-2651. B. 356-4355. C. 566-6543.
14. What is the main purpose of the announcement?
A. To introduce some products.
B. To advertise some used items.
C. To call on people to collect antiques.
第三节（共 4 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 6 分）
听下面一段独白，完成第 15 至 18 四道小题，每小题仅填写一．个．词。听独白前，你将有 30
秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有 60 秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写 在答题纸相应的位置。
How to Create Study Plans
Purposes
● To do well in your ________
● To get ready for exams and meet deadlines

Methods
Making long-
term plans
● Schedule ________ from exams and deadlines: …
● Break up larger assignments into smaller parts: …
Making daily plans
● Set aside at least a couple of hours as study time
● Plan for ________ breaks: take 5-min breaks every 25 minutes
● ________ as soon after class as possible: …
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was an unexpected call for Aranza Delgado from the shelter, Peewee’s Pet Adoption World, 800 miles away in Texas. She was so pleasantly ____1____ when learning her dog “Puppies” was picked up by a passerby after it went missing four years ago. Since he was ____2____, the shelter called the chip company and got the name and telephone number of his ____3____.
However, Aranza had a limited window of time, and could only come to pick up Puppies one week later. Ernie Cochran, a volunteer of the shelter, replied that they were more than ____4____ to provide the dog with a place to stay for several more days.
“If we can get a dog back to his family, it’s a wonderful thing,” thought Ernie. Ernie and the other locals teamed up with a plan to get Puppies back home as ____5____ as possible.
“Everybody has been amazing, from the shelter to the people who are helping me transport Puppies,” Aranza told Kris News. She was happy to be ____6____ with her old friend soon. “I didn’t ____7____ how friendly everybody in Texas was and how helpful they’ve been. I’ve had a lot of ____8____. Actually, the lady that I’ve been in contact with is picking Puppies up tomorrow and she’s going to ____9____ him overnight and then will send him back home.”
Although she may never completely know what Puppies went through during the four years, Aranza hopes that her story ____10____ the kindness of Texans.
1. A. surprised B. encouraged C. informed D. amused
2. A. found B. adopted C. chipped D. abandoned
3. A. owner B. shelter C. rescuer D. center
4. A. grateful B. willing C. excited D. patient
5. A. recently B. secretly C. early D. urgently
6. A. connected B. reunited C. associated D. concerned
7. A. understand B. forget C. admit D. realize
8. A. requests B. troubles C. regrets D. messages
9. A. leave B. keep C. feed D. see
10. A. repays B. deserves C. inspires D. highlights
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rowan Atkinson is an English actor. He is mostly famous for acting as a clumsy and awkward comedy character, Mr. Bean. However, he is nothing like Mr. Bean. ____11____ a young age, he was awarded a scholarship to a boarding school and attained the highest marks in the university and obtained his master’s degree in electrical engineering. This may explain why he ____12____ (love) fast cars, of which he has many. He showed a talent for acting as early as primary school, ____13____ contributed to his career of acting at university.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The last time Yunnan caught national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and ____14____ (guide) by experts to return to their original habitat safely without ____15____ (harm) any human. Asian elephants in China, mostly ____16____ (find) in Yunnan, are under the highest level of state protection. Today, the wild elephant population in Yunnan ____17____ (grow) to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s. The province has established 11 national or regional-level nature reserves to provide shelter for these mammals.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It seems obvious now ____18____ we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with, we need questions. Then, to find the answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. ____19____ today we are more used to looking for answers from the Internet, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of ____20____ (analyze) —luckily for us.
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每题 2 分，共 20 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。
A
Credit Card Management Apps to Stay on Top of Payments
Americans collectively hold about $4 trillion in consumer credit card debt, so a money management app might be worth consideration. Here are two top choices that will help manage the credit life.
For Budgeting: Mint
If you’re seeking an app for both a broad view and a detailed look at your credit cards and overall finances as well as warnings to ensure on-time payments, Mint is perhaps the most popular app in this category. You can create a budget, track card spending in customizable (可定制的) categories, get credit card bill warnings, and more.
Reserve a couple of hours to get started because setting it up takes time. And if you’re completely new to financial apps, tracking and categorizing every transaction (交易) you might make could take some getting used to.
Download Mint from the App Store or Google Play for free.
For Tracking Credit Card Rewards: AwardWallet
You can see all of your credit card rewards — including credit card points such as Citi ThankYou Points American Express Membership Rewards and Chase Ultimate Rewards—in one place. The app also lets you know when your awards will expire (过期) so you can use them before you lose them.
Arghandewal, who travels all over the world by using points and miles, says the AwardWallet app helps her keep track of everything. “You can link all of your frequent flyer, hotel and even bank rewards accounts and get notices when your rewards balance changes,” she says.
AwardWallet requires access to your email account, which could make some folks uncomfortable. And some loyalty programs aren’t part of the platform.
Download AwardWallet from the App Store for free.
21. The users of Mint can ________.
A. reduce daily transactions B. get detailed financial advice
C receive warnings of on-time payment D. track their card spending and rewards
22. Arghandewal is quoted in AwardWallet to ________.
A. show why the app is popular B. explain how to win rewards
C. instruct people to download the app D. persuade people to use the app
23. Both Mint and AwardWallet ________.
A. help users manage their credit cards B. need access to users’ email accounts
C. inform users of the expired awards D. take time for users to get used to them
B
Sylvester Stallone has one of the most inspiring success stories. Before he made it big, he was essentially a starving artist. For many years after his college years, he worked odd jobs to pay the bill while simultaneously taking on any acting role he could find to keep his dreams of becoming a successful actor alive.
Most people don’t know this about Sylvester Stallone, but he had a dream as a young man to become a big movie star in Hollywood. He longed to become a great director, producer, and writer. Everyone told him it could not be done, but he wasn’t one to take no for an answer. And after finding little luck in the New York’s films scene, he decided to try his chances in Los Angeles.
It was a struggle that Sylvester would endure for many years, seven in fact. Throughout all of those seven challenging years, Sylvester would gain a few small roles in a handful of movies, but nothing grand enough to get his career launched. During those seven long years of striving, he came face-to-face with near poverty. Getting so desperate for money, he at one point had to sell his wife’s jewelry. And he even had to sell his dog because he couldn’t keep him fed. And to top it all off, there came a point where Sylvester was homeless, and had to sleep outside for a number of days.
But his days of struggle as an aspiring actor would not last forever. After facing seemingly many hardships for over seven years, he would finally get his big break. And this break would come after he managed to get a script he wrote in a three-day flurry of inspiration in front of two big-shot directors in Hollywood. It was this defining moment that would turn the tides for Sylvester Stallone, and his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as “Rocky”.
Since then, Sylvester Stallone, and his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world. His success story is one that should be observed, retold, and shared, just as much as his movies are.
24. How did Sylvester feel about becoming a film star when he was young?
A. It would be impossible. B. It would take lots of luck.
C. It would involve struggles. D. It would come true for sure.
25. What event marked a turning point in Stallone’s career?
A. He negotiated the lead role in the film “Rocky”. B. He went to Los Angeles for more opportunities.
C. He became homeless and slept outside for many days. D. He succeeded in showing his script to two great directors.
26. Sylvester’s life story is written to ________.
A. remember the famous actor B. describe how he succeeded
C. motivate others to pursue dreams D. explain the popularity of his movie
C
It was widely believed that, in order to get the first languages off the ground, our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning. Some gestures can be understood almost anywhere: pointing to direct someone’s attention, for instance.
However, an international research team, led by experts from the University of Birmingham and the Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics (ZAS), Berlin, have discovered that certain vocalizations (发声法) can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world — even when a speaker is not simply imitating a well-known sound. These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language.
In 2015, language researchers challenged some English speakers to make up sounds representing various basic concepts (“sleep”, “child”, “meat”, “rock”, and more). When other English speakers listened to these sounds and tried matching them to concepts, they were largely successful. But “we wanted to be able to show that these vocalizations are understandable across cultures,” says study co-author and University of Birmingham cognitive scientist Marcus Perlman.
So Perlman and his colleagues conducted online and in-person experiments in seven countries, from Morocco to Brazil. They recruited more than 900 participants, who spoke a total of 28 languages, to listen to the best-understood vocalizations from the 2015 investigation and select matching concepts from a set of words or images. Vocalizations that called forth well-known sounds — for example, dripping water — performed best. But many others were also understood at rates significantly above chance across all languages tested, the team found. “There is a notable degree of success outside of just onomatopoeia (象声词),” Perlman says.
This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of “one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with “many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic” sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic (传音的) communication, says co-author Aleksandra Ćwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might “afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.”
University of Tübingen linguist Matthias Urban, who was not involved in the research, agrees. “It’s unclear how words came into being in the first place,” he says. Iconic vocalizations are “potentially one pathway that could have been involved.”
27. What does the underlined word “iconic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Symbolic. B. Comic. C. Magic. D. Classic.
28. The finding of Perlman’s research may ________.
A. well explain the rise of English culture
B. throw light on the origin of spoken language
C. demonstrate that onomatopoeia may be popular
D. show how our ancestors imitate unknown sounds
29. What can we learn from the experiments in this passage?
A. The English language is universally understood. B. Sound patterns may be related to their meanings.
C. Sign language appeared earlier than spoken language. D. Words were evolved from vocalizations in ancient times.
30. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. From Hand to Mouth: The Origins of Language
B. Iconic Vocalizations are Created for Communication
C. Made-up Sounds Convey Meanings across Cultures
D. How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Evolution
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Happy Man
The happy man lives objectively, and has free love and wide interests, through which he secures his happiness. To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given. ____31____ But it is useless to attempt to give love as a calculation, for it is not sincere and is not felt.
What then can a man do who is unhappy because he is enclosed in self? If he is to get out of the vicious (恶性的) circle of unhappiness, it must be by true interests. But before that, he should analyze his trouble first. ____32____ If fear is his trouble, let him practice exercises designed to give courage.
Admit to himself every day at least one painful truth. ____33____ Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent.
____34____ Do not say to yourself in advance, “I should be happy if I could become interested in stamp-collecting,” and thus set to work to collect stamps, for it may well happen that you will altogether fail to find stamp-collecting interesting. You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not to be self-centered.
All unhappiness depends upon lack of integration (融合). There is disintegration within the self,consciously and unconsciously or between the self and society. ____35____ Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him.
A. There is much he can do about it.
B. The man who receives love is the man who gives it.
C. The interests will arise when you overcome being self-centered.
D. The happy life is to an extraordinary extent the same as the good life.
E. Teach himself life is worth even not having great virtue or intelligence.
F. Self-denying leaves a man self-absorbed and aware of his own sacrifice.
G. Neither divided against the self nor the world, the happy man never fails to unite.
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，25 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 54、55、56 题各 2 分，第 57 题 4 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When people are asked what’s important in their lives, they often mention humor, yet philosophers would disagree.
The first is how little they have said. The most that major philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, and Kant wrote about laughter or humor was a few paragraphs within a discussion of another topic. Martian anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss.
The second is how negative most philosophers have been in their assessments of humor. From ancient Greece until the 20th century, the vast majority of philosophical comments on laughter and humor focused on scornful (蔑视的) or mocking laughter, or on laughter that overpowers people, rather than on comedy, wit, or joking. Plato, the most influential critic of laughter, treated laughter as an emotion that overrides (凌驾于) rational self-control. He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” Another of Plato’s objections to laughter is that it is evil. Plato analyzes the enjoyment of comedy as a form of scorn. The people we laugh at imagine themselves to be wealthier, better looking, or more virtuous than they really are. In laughing at them, we take delight in something evil: their self- ignorance.
Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. “We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. No free person, whether woman or man, shall be found taking lessons in them.”
Greek thinkers after Plato had similarly negative comments. Though Aristotle considered wit a valuable part of conversation, he agreed with Plato that laughter expresses scorn. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. Epictetus’s Enchiridion advises “Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or unrestrained.” His followers said that he never laughed at all.
36. What conclusion do Martian anthropologists make on humor？
37. Why did Plato suggest that the governors of a country should get rid of laughter?
38. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.
39. Do you agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage about humor? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
第二节（15 分）
40. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 写信提到，他因沉迷网络而影响学习和生活。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 表达关心；
2. 给出建议。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：be addicted to 沉迷于……
Dear Jim
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
第一部分：听力理解 （共三节，20 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；每小题 1 分，共 4 分）
听下面 4 段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答 时间。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. When will the man’s sister arrive at the station?
A. In 20 minutes. B. In half an hour. C. In 10 minutes.
2. What topic does the woman suggest for the report?
A. Garbage sorting. B. Endangered species. C. Air pollution.
3. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
4. Why does the woman make the call?
A. To make a request. B. To make a complaint. C. To make an apology.
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有 5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答 时间。每段对话你将听两遍。
听第 5 段材料，回答第 5 至 6 题。
5 What does the woman like about the movie?
A. Its plot. B. Its music. C. Its lines.
6. Why does the man want to recommend the movie to Lucy?
A It is her favorite kind of movie.
B. It may give her ideas for her writing.
C. It may relieve her pressure from writing.
听第 6 段材料，回答第 7 至 8 题。
7. What is the man doing?
A. Measuring water. B. Taking a shower. C. Looking for a job.
8. What suggestion does the woman give the man?
A. Timing his shower. B. Sharing the water bill. C. Taking shorter showers.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 9 至 10 题。
9. Why is the man so happy?
A. He has won a lot of money. B. He is going to finish school.
C. He has finished three more classes.
10. How will the man probably pay for his MBA?
A. He will work part-time.
B. His parents will pay for it.
C. He may borrow money from a bank.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 12 题。
11. What does the woman think of her father?
A. Stubborn. B. Understanding. C. Helpful.
12. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Practise harder for the play.
B. Quit the play at the Grand Hall. C. Invite her father to the rehearsal.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 14 题。
13. Which number should the buyer of the Sony TV call?
A. 344-2651. B. 356-4355. C. 566-6543.
14. What is the main purpose of the announcement?
A. To introduce some products.
B. To advertise some used items.
C. To call on people to collect antiques.
第三节（共 4 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 6 分）
听下面一段独白，完成第 15 至 18 四道小题，每小题仅填写一．个．词。听独白前，你将有 30
秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有 60 秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写 在答题纸相应的位置。
How to Create Study Plans
Purposes
● To do well in your ________
● To get ready for exams and meet deadlines

Methods
Making long-
term plans
● Schedule ________ from exams and deadlines: …
● Break up larger assignments into smaller parts: …
Making daily plans
● Set aside at least a couple of hours as study time
● Plan for ________ breaks: take 5-min breaks every 25 minutes
● ________ as soon after class as possible: …
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was an unexpected call for Aranza Delgado from the shelter, Peewee’s Pet Adoption World, 800 miles away in Texas. She was so pleasantly ____1____ when learning her dog “Puppies” was picked up by a passerby after it went missing four years ago. Since he was ____2____, the shelter called the chip company and got the name and telephone number of his ____3____.
However, Aranza had a limited window of time, and could only come to pick up Puppies one week later. Ernie Cochran, a volunteer of the shelter, replied that they were more than ____4____ to provide the dog with a place to stay for several more days.
“If we can get a dog back to his family, it’s a wonderful thing,” thought Ernie. Ernie and the other locals teamed up with a plan to get Puppies back home as ____5____ as possible.
“Everybody has been amazing, from the shelter to the people who are helping me transport Puppies,” Aranza told Kris News. She was happy to be ____6____ with her old friend soon. “I didn’t ____7____ how friendly everybody in Texas was and how helpful they’ve been. I’ve had a lot of ____8____. Actually, the lady that I’ve been in contact with is picking Puppies up tomorrow and she’s going to ____9____ him overnight and then will send him back home.”
Although she may never completely know what Puppies went through during the four years, Aranza hopes that her story ____10____ the kindness of Texans.
1. A. surprised B. encouraged C. informed D. amused
2. A. found B. adopted C. chipped D. abandoned
3. A. owner B. shelter C. rescuer D. center
4. A. grateful B. willing C. excited D. patient
5. A. recently B. secretly C. early D. urgently
6. A. connected B. reunited C. associated D. concerned
7. A. understand B. forget C. admit D. realize
8. A. requests B. troubles C. regrets D. messages
9. A. leave B. keep C. feed D. see
10. A. repays B. deserves C. inspires D. highlights
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了善良的德州人帮助Aranza找到丢了4年的狗狗，并把它送回Aranza身边的感人故事。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她得知她四年前失踪的狗“Puppies”被路人捡到时，她感到非常惊讶。A. surprised惊讶的；B. encouraged受到鼓舞的；C. informed有见识的；D. amused被逗乐的。根据上文“an unexpected call”和“her dog ‘Puppies’ was picked up by a passerby after it went missing four years ago”可知，得知丢了4年的狗狗被找到，对于狗主人Aranza来说这是一件令人惊讶的事情。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为它被植入了芯片，收容所打电话给芯片公司，得到了它主人的名字和电话号码。A. found发现；B. adopted收养；C. chipped给植入芯片；D. abandoned抛弃。根据下文“the shelter called the chip company”可推知，狗狗被植入了芯片，所以收容所通过芯片公司找到了它的主人。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它被植入了芯片，收容所打电话给芯片公司，得到了它主人的名字和电话号码。A. owner主人；B. shelter收容所；C. rescuer救助者；D. center中心。根据上文“It was an unexpected call for Aranza Delgado from the shelter”和“She was so pleasantly 1　when learning her dog “Puppies” was picked up by a passerby after it went missing four years ago.”可知，收容所的电话打给了狗的主人，所以收容所找到的是狗主人的电话。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：收容所的志愿者厄尼·科克伦回复说，他们非常愿意为这只狗提供一个地方，让它多住几天的。A. grateful感激的；B. willing乐意的；C. excited激动的；D. patient耐心的。根据“Aranza had a limited window of time, and could only come to pick up Puppies one week later”和最后一段“the kindness of Texans”可推知，在得知Aranza要几周后才有时间去接狗狗时，善良的德州人Ernie肯定是愿意(willing)多照顾狗狗几天的。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：厄尼和其他当地人一起计划尽快把小狗们带回家。A. recently最近；B. secretly秘密地；C. early提早，早；D. urgently迫切地。根据上文“If we can get a dog back to his family, it’s a wonderful thing”可知，Ernie会想办法尽可能快地把狗狗送还主人，as early as possible意为“尽可能早”。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴很快就能与老朋友重逢了。A. connected连接；B. reunited团聚；C. associated联想；D. concerned使忧虑。根据上文“Ernie and the other locals teamed up with a plan to get Puppies back home as 　5　 as possible.”可知，Ernie正在想办法尽可能快地把狗狗送还Aranza，所以她很快就会和老朋友，Puppies，团聚了。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有忘记在德州的每个人都是多么的友好，他们是多么的乐于助人。A. understand理解；B. forget忘记；C. admit承认；D. realize意识到。根据语境可知，Aranza得到了德州人的帮助，所以她没有会记住他们的友善。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到了很多信息。A. requests要求；B. troubles麻烦；C. regrets懊悔；D. messages信息。根据下文“Actually, the lady that I’ve been in contact with is picking Puppies up tomorrow and she’s going to　9　 him overnight and then will send him back home.”可知，这是Aranza得到的狗狗回家途中的最新信息。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我一直在联系的那位女士明天会去接小狗，然后照顾它一晚上，再把它送回家。A. leave离开；B. keep饲养，留下；C. feed喂；D. see看见。根据“overnight”可知，这位女士会让小狗寄宿一晚。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然她可能永远也不会完全知道小狗们在这四年里经历了什么，但阿兰莎希望她的故事能凸显出德州人的善良。A. repays回报；B. deserves值得；C. inspires激励；D. highlights突显。根据上文可知，善良的德州人帮助Aranza找到丢了4年的狗狗并送回她身边，所以她想用这个故事来证明、来展示德州人的善良。故选D项。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rowan Atkinson is an English actor. He is mostly famous for acting as a clumsy and awkward comedy character Mr. Bean. However, he is nothing like Mr. Bean. ____11____ a young age, he was awarded a scholarship to a boarding school and attained the highest marks in the university and obtained his master’s degree in electrical engineering. This may explain why he ____12____ (love) fast cars, of which he has many. He showed a talent for acting as early as primary school, ____13____ contributed to his career of acting at university.
【11~13题答案】
【答案】11. At 12. loves
13. which
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍英国著名演员Rowan Atkinson的成长经历。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：年幼时，他就获得了寄宿学校的奖学金，并在大学中取得了最高分，获得了电气工程硕士学位。固定短语：at a young age“在年轻的时候”。故填At。
【12题详解】
考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：这也许可以解释他为什么喜欢跑车，他有很多跑车。该句时复合句，含why引导的宾语从句，从句在描述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数he，谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填loves。
【13题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：早在小学时，他就表现出了表演天赋，这对他在大学的表演生涯产生了影响。此处是前面整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which引导。故填which。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The last time Yunnan caught national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and ____14____ (guide) by experts to return to their original habitat safely without ____15____ (harm) any human. Asian elephants in China, mostly ____16____ (find) in Yunnan, are under the highest level of state protection. Today, the wild elephant population in Yunnan ____17____ (grow) to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s. The province has established 11 national or regional-level nature reserves to provide shelter for these mammals.
【14~17题答案】
【答案】14. were guided
15. harming
16. found 17. has grown
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述云南省亚洲象的情况。
【14题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：云南最近一次吸引全国的关注是当一些亚洲象离开他它们的家并且被专家们领着安全地回归它们原来的栖息地却没有伤害任何人类的时候。根据句子结构和意思可知，guide与left作时间状语从句的并列谓语，应用一般过去时，且与主语Asian elephants是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填were guided。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：见第1题。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处作介词without 的宾语，应用动名词。故填harming。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的亚洲象，大部分是在云南被发现的，处于国家最高级别的保护下。根据句子结构和意思可知，find与Asian elephants 是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填found。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：现在，云南的野生大象的数量已经从20世纪80年代的193只上升到了大约300只。根据句子结构和意思可知，表示“数量已经上升到了”，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。句子主语是the wild elephant population，所以助动词用第三人称单数形式has。故填has grown。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It seems obvious now ____18____ we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with, we need questions. Then, to find the answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. ____19____ today we are more used to looking for answers from the Internet, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of ____20____ (analyze) —luckily for us.
【18~20题答案】
【答案】18. how
19. Although##Though
20. analysis
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了我们获得知识和理解力的过程和方法。
【18题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解力是显而易见的。分析句了可知，It是形式主语，而“ 　1　 we acquire knowledge and understanding”是主句从句；结合句意和下文内容可知，句中讲的是“获得知识和理解力的方式”，应用连接副词how引导该主语从句。故填how。
【19题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们现在更习惯于从互联网上寻找答案，幸运的是，现代科学家和思想家仍在用这种分析方法解决世界上的问题。根据句意可知，“today we are more used to looking for answers from the Internet”和“modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of 　3　 (analyze) — luckily for us”之间有对比转折关系，应用从属连词although或者though引导让步状语从句，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然我们现在更习惯于从互联网上寻找答案，幸运的是，现代科学家和思想家仍在用这种分析方法解决世界上的问题。介词of后跟名词作宾语。故填analysis。
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每题 2 分，共 20 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。
A
Credit Card Management Apps to Stay on Top of Payments
Americans collectively hold about $4 trillion in consumer credit card debt so a money management app might be worth consideration. Here are two top choices that will help manage the credit life.
For Budgeting: Mint
If you’re seeking an app for both a broad view and a detailed look at your credit cards and overall finances as well as warnings to ensure on-time payments, Mint is perhaps the most popular app in this category. You can create a budget, track card spending in customizable (可定制的) categories, get credit card bill warnings, and more.
Reserve a couple of hours to get started because setting it up takes time. And if you’re completely new to financial apps, tracking and categorizing every transaction (交易) you might make could take some getting used to.
Download Mint from the App Store or Google Play for free.
For Tracking Credit Card Rewards: AwardWallet
You can see all of your credit card rewards — including credit card points such as Citi ThankYou Points, American Express Membership Rewards and Chase Ultimate Rewards—in one place. The app also lets you know when your awards will expire (过期) so you can use them before you lose them.
Arghandewal, who travels all over the world by using points and miles, says the AwardWallet app helps her keep track of everything. “You can link all of your frequent flyer, hotel and even bank rewards accounts and get notices when your rewards balance changes,” she says.
AwardWallet requires access to your email account, which could make some folks uncomfortable. And some loyalty programs aren’t part of the platform.
Download AwardWallet from the App Store for free.
21. The users of Mint can ________.
A. reduce daily transactions B. get detailed financial advice
C. receive warnings of on-time payment D. track their card spending and rewards
22. Arghandewal is quoted in AwardWallet to ________.
A. show why the app is popular B. explain how to win rewards
C. instruct people to download the app D. persuade people to use the app
23. Both Mint and AwardWallet ________.
A. help users manage their credit cards B. need access to users’ email accounts
C. inform users of the expired awards D. take time for users to get used to them
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍2个可以帮助管理银行卡的应用软件。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“For Budgeting: Mint”的第一段“warnings to ensure on-time payments”（一些确保准时付款的提醒）可知，Mint应用软件可以提醒使用者准时付款。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“For Tracking Credit Card Rewards: AwardWallet”的第二段“Arghandewal, who travels all over the world by using points and miles, says the AwardWallet app helps her keep track of everything.”（用积分和公里数走遍了全世界的Arghandewal说AwardWallet应用软件帮助她掌握一切事情。）可知，作者用Arghandewal的例子是想告诉读者，只要使用这个应用软件，也可以像Arghandewal一样只用应用软件里的积分和公里数就可以全球旅游。所以，这是在说服人们下载这个应用软件。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are two top choices that will help manage the credit life.”（这里有2个可以帮助你管理银行卡生活的最佳选择。）可知，这两个应用软件的共同点是可以帮助人们管理他们的银行卡。故选A。
B
Sylvester Stallone has one of the most inspiring success stories. Before he made it big, he was essentially a starving artist. For many years after his college years, he worked odd jobs to pay the bill while simultaneously taking on any acting role he could find to keep his dreams of becoming a successful actor alive.
Most people don’t know this about Sylvester Stallone, but he had a dream as a young man to become a big movie star in Hollywood. He longed to become a great director, producer, and writer. Everyone told him it could not be done, but he wasn’t one to take no for an answer. And after finding little luck in the New York’s films scene, he decided to try his chances in Los Angeles.
It was a struggle that Sylvester would endure for many years, seven in fact. Throughout all of those seven challenging years, Sylvester would gain a few small roles in a handful of movies, but nothing grand enough to get his career launched. During those seven long years of striving, he came face-to-face with near poverty. Getting so desperate for money, he at one point had to sell his wife’s jewelry. And he even had to sell his dog because he couldn’t keep him fed. And to top it all off, there came a point where Sylvester was homeless, and had to sleep outside for a number of days.
But his days of struggle as an aspiring actor would not last forever. After facing seemingly many hardships for over seven years, he would finally get his big break. And this break would come after he managed to get a script he wrote in a three-day flurry of inspiration in front of two big-shot directors in Hollywood. It was this defining moment that would turn the tides for Sylvester Stallone, and his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as “Rocky”.
Since then, Sylvester Stallone, and his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world. His success story is one that should be observed, retold, and shared, just as much as his movies are.
24. How did Sylvester feel about becoming a film star when he was young?
A. It would be impossible. B. It would take lots of luck.
C. It would involve struggles. D. It would come true for sure.
25. What event marked a turning point in Stallone’s career?
A. He negotiated the lead role in the film “Rocky”. B. He went to Los Angeles for more opportunities.
C. He became homeless and slept outside for many days. D. He succeeded in showing his script to two great directors.
26. Sylvester’s life story is written to ________.
A. remember the famous actor B. describe how he succeeded
C. motivate others to pursue dreams D. explain the popularity of his movie
【24~26题答案】
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述明星席维斯·史特龙追求自己成为明星的梦想的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Everyone told him it could not be done, but he wasn’t one to take no for an answer.”（每个人都告诉他那不会实现，但是他不是那个接受“不”这个答案的人。）可知，席维斯年轻时对他要成为电影明星的梦想信念坚定。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“his career would skyrocket after he negotiated the lead role in the film that would come to be known as “Rocky”.”（他的职业生涯飙升是在他签约了电影“Rocky”的主演之后。）可知，史特龙职业生涯的转折点是签约了电影“Rocky”的主演。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since then, Sylvester Stallone, and his series of movies revolving around Rocky have been inspiring people all around the world.”（自从那时起，席维斯·史特龙的围绕洛奇的电影一直鼓舞着世人。）可知，作者写席维斯·史特龙的故事是为了鼓舞人们追求自己的梦想，不轻易放弃就会成功。故选C。
C
It was widely believed that, in order to get the first languages off the ground, our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning. Some gestures can be understood almost anywhere: pointing to direct someone’s attention, for instance.
However, an international research team, led by experts from the University of Birmingham and the Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics (ZAS), Berlin, have discovered that certain vocalizations (发声法) can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world — even when a speaker is not simply imitating a well-known sound. These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language.
In 2015, language researchers challenged some English speakers to make up sounds representing various basic concepts (“sleep”, “child”, “meat”, “rock”, and more). When other English speakers listened to these sounds and tried matching them to concepts, they were largely successful. But “we wanted to be able to show that these vocalizations are understandable across cultures,” says study co-author and University of Birmingham cognitive scientist Marcus Perlman.
So Perlman and his colleagues conducted online and in-person experiments in seven countries, from Morocco to Brazil. They recruited more than 900 participants, who spoke a total of 28 languages, to listen to the best-understood vocalizations from the 2015 investigation and select matching concepts from a set of words or images. Vocalizations that called forth well-known sounds — for example, dripping water — performed best. But many others were also understood at rates significantly above chance across all languages tested, the team found. “There is a notable degree of success outside of just onomatopoeia (象声词),” Perlman says.
This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of “one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with “many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic” sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic (传音的) communication, says co-author Aleksandra Ćwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might “afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.”
University of Tübingen linguist Matthias Urban, who was not involved in the research, agrees. “It’s unclear how words came into being in the first place,” he says. Iconic vocalizations are “potentially one pathway that could have been involved.”
27. What does the underlined word “iconic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Symbolic. B. Comic. C. Magic. D. Classic.
28. The finding of Perlman’s research may ________.
A. well explain the rise of English culture
B. throw light on the origin of spoken language
C. demonstrate that onomatopoeia may be popular
D. show how our ancestors imitate unknown sounds
29. What can we learn from the experiments in this passage?
A. The English language is universally understood. B. Sound patterns may be related to their meanings.
C. Sign language appeared earlier than spoken language. D. Words were evolved from vocalizations in ancient times.
30. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. From Hand to Mouth: The Origins of Language
B. Iconic Vocalizations are Created for Communication
C. Made-up Sounds Convey Meanings across Cultures
D. How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Evolution
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. A 28. B 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要是在讲述一群语言研究者们通过研究发现人类语言从肢体语言到现代口语的演变。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据这句话“certain vocalizations (发声法) can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world”（特定的发声法也可能是iconic的，并且能够被全球人辨别出来的。）可知，这些发声法对全球人来说都是可以被辨别的，说明是有特征的，所以划线单词是指“符号性的，有标识的”，与“Symbolic”同义。故选A。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language.”（这些发现，被发表在《科学报告》期刊上，也许可以帮助解释现代口语语言的出现。）可推知，Perlman的研究结果也许可以让人们了解口语语言的起源。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of “one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with “many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic” sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic (传音的) communication, says co-author Aleksandra Ćwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might “afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.””（研究小组认为，这可能是因为与声音相关的某些模式是普遍存在的。例如，短而基本的声音通常传达“一”的概念，重复的声音通常与“多”相联系。同样地，低沉的声音伴随着大的东西，而高的声音传达的是小的东西。这些“标志性”声音的发现可以帮助科学家理解人类祖先是如何开始使用丰富的声学交流的，合著者Aleksandra Ćwiek说，他是柏林莱布尼茨中心普通语言学家。她说，人类的声音可能“提供足够的象似性，使语言得以发展”。）从实验中可知，声音模式可能与它们的含义有关。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning.”（我们的祖先最早需要一个方法来创造能够被他人理解的新奇的信号，依靠可视信号，它的形成直接和要被表达的意思很类似。）可知，这篇文章讲述我们的祖先在肢体语言的基础上想创造出新的口语化的语言，就有了我们现在所使用的口语语言。所以，这篇文章是在讲述从肢体语言到现代口语的演变。D项“语言的起源：演变中的手势和言语”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Happy Man
The happy man lives objectively, and has free love and wide interests, through which he secures his happiness. To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given. ____31____ But it is useless to attempt to give love as a calculation, for it is not sincere and is not felt.
What then can a man do who is unhappy because he is enclosed in self? If he is to get out of the vicious (恶性的) circle of unhappiness, it must be by true interests. But before that, he should analyze his trouble first. ____32____ If fear is his trouble, let him practice exercises designed to give courage.
Admit to himself every day at least one painful truth. ____33____ Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent.
____34____ Do not say to yourself in advance, “I should be happy if I could become interested in stamp-collecting,” and thus set to work to collect stamps, for it may well happen that you will altogether fail to find stamp-collecting interesting. You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not to be self-centered.
All unhappiness depends upon lack of integration (融合). There is disintegration within the self,consciously and unconsciously or between the self and society. ____35____ Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him.
A. There is much he can do about it.
B. The man who receives love is the man who gives it.
C. The interests will arise when you overcome being self-centered.
D. The happy life is to an extraordinary extent the same as the good life.
E. Teach himself life is worth even not having great virtue or intelligence.
F. Self-denying leaves a man self-absorbed and aware of his own sacrifice.
G. Neither divided against the self nor the world, the happy man never fails to unite.
【31~35题答案】
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. E 34. C 35. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要论述什么样的人是快乐的人。
【31题详解】
根据上文“To be the receivers of love is a vital cause of happiness, but the man who demands love is not the man to whom it is given.”（成为爱的接受者是幸福的重要原因，但是需要爱的人并不是被给予爱的人。）可知，接下来要说什么样的人才可以成为爱的接受者。B选项“收到爱的人都是给予别人爱的人。”和上文意思一致。故选B。
【32题详解】
根据上文“But before that, he should analyze his trouble first.”（但是，在那之前，他应该首先要分析他的麻烦。）可知，接下来要说明分析的结果或者应对办法。A选项“在这方面，他可以做很多。”和上文意思一致。故选A。
【33题详解】
根据下文“Exercises of this sort will enable him to admit facts and will free him from the fear to a large extent.”（这类的练习将使他能够承认事实，并且最大程度的让他远离恐惧。）可知，上文要提出练习方法和措施。E选项“教给他自己，即使没有很高的德行和智商，生命也是有价值的。”和下文意思一致。故选E。
【34题详解】
根据本段最后一句“You may be pretty sure that true objective interests will grow up as soon as you have learnt not to be self-centered.”（当你一学会不以自我为中心的时候，你也许很确信真正客观的兴趣将会越来越多。）可知，这一段是在建议读者要多培养兴趣，不要以自我为中心。C选项“当你克服以自我为中心的时候，兴趣就会上升。”和下文意思一致。故选C。
【35题详解】
根据下文“Such a man feels himself a citizen of the universe, enjoying what it affords, untroubled by the death because he feels not separate from those who will come after him.”（这样的人感觉他自己是宇宙中的一位市民，享受着宇宙提供给他的东西，不被死亡所烦恼，因为他感觉并没有和跟随他的人分开。）可知，这是在描述一类不会和他人分离的人。G选项“既不跟自我分割，也不跟世界分割，快乐的人从来不会不团结。”和下文意思一致。故选G。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，25 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 54、55、56 题各 2 分，第 57 题 4 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When people are asked what’s important in their lives, they often mention humor, yet philosophers would disagree.
The first is how little they have said. The most that major philosophers like Plato, Hobbes, and Kant wrote about laughter or humor was a few paragraphs within a discussion of another topic. Martian anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss.
The second is how negative most philosophers have been in their assessments of humor. From ancient Greece until the 20th century, the vast majority of philosophical comments on laughter and humor focused on scornful (蔑视的) or mocking laughter, or on laughter that overpowers people, rather than on comedy, wit, or joking. Plato, the most influential critic of laughter, treated laughter as an emotion that overrides (凌驾于) rational self-control. He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, “for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.” Another of Plato’s objections to laughter is that it is evil. Plato analyzes the enjoyment of comedy as a form of scorn. The people we laugh at imagine themselves to be wealthier, better looking, or more virtuous than they really are. In laughing at them, we take delight in something evil: their self- ignorance.
Because of these objections to laughter and humor, Plato says that in the ideal state, comedy should be tightly controlled. “We shall order that such representations be left to slaves or hired aliens, and receive no serious consideration whatsoever. No free person, whether woman or man, shall be found taking lessons in them.”
Greek thinkers after Plato had similarly negative comments. Though Aristotle considered wit a valuable part of conversation, he agreed with Plato that laughter expresses scorn. The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. Epictetus’s Enchiridion advises “Let not your laughter be loud, frequent, or unrestrained.” His followers said that he never laughed at all.
36. What conclusion do Martian anthropologists make on humor？
37. Why did Plato suggest that the governors of a country should get rid of laughter?
38. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.
39. Do you agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage about humor? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
【36~39题答案】
【答案】36. Humor could be left out of human life without much loss.
37. Because Plato thought violent laughter causes a violent reaction.
38. The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.; Because the Stoics thought that laughter weakens self-control.
39. I don’t agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is a human instinct and humor is a necessity in life. Both of them are indispensable seasonings, which make our life colorful and meaningful. Without laughter and humor, life would be boring and dull.

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了众多哲学家对“笑”的态度，他们认为笑声和幽默应该受到限制。
【36题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Martian anthropologists (人类学家) comparing the amount of philosophical writing on humor with what has been written on, say, justice, might well conclude that humor could be left out of human life without much loss. (Martian人类学家们比较了关于幽默和正义的哲学著作的数量，很可能会得出这样的结论：幽默可以从人类生活中消失，不会带来太大的损失)”可知，人类生活中没有幽默也不会有太大的损失。故答案为Humor could be left out of human life without much loss。
【37题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“He says the guardians of the state should avoid laughter, ‘for when one abandons himself to violent laughter, his condition causes a violent reaction.’ (他说，国家的守护者应该避免笑，“因为当一个人沉溺于激烈的笑时，他的状态会引起暴力反应。”)”可知，柏拉图建议一个国家的统治者避免笑，因为他认为激烈的笑会引起暴力反应。故答案为Because Plato thought violent laughter causes a violent reaction.。
【38题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第五段“The Stoics, with their emphasis on self-control, agreed with Plato that laughter weakens self-control. (强调自我控制的斯多葛学派赞同柏拉图的观点，认为笑会削弱自我控制)”可知，The Stoics认为笑会削弱自我控制，所以句中“they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control”错误。故答案为 The Stoics also had negative comments on laughter but they emphasized that laughter strengthened self-control.; Because the Stoics thought that laughter weakens self-control。
【39题详解】
主观题。本题为主观题，答案不唯一，结合文章，言之有理即可，供参考：文中介绍了哲学家对“笑”的态度，他们认为笑声和幽默应该受到限制，但我不这样认为，因为笑是人类的本能，幽默是生活的必需，在人生中不可或缺的调味剂，没有笑声和幽默的人生是无趣和枯燥的。故答案为I don’t agree with the philosophers’ ideas mentioned in the passage, because I think laughter is a human instinct and humor is a necessity in life. Both of them are indispensable seasonings, which make our life colorful and meaningful. Without laughter and humor, life would be boring and dull。
第二节（15 分）
40. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 写信提到，他因沉迷网络而影响学习和生活。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 表达关心；
2. 给出建议。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：be addicted to 沉迷于……
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【40题答案】
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m more than sorry to know that you are so addicted to Internet that it even affects your study and life. I am very worried about you. Now I’m writing to give you some advice on getting rid of the addiction.
First, you should know clearly when and why you are using the Internet. Only if you know it can you be clear how much time you will spend on it, instead of being on the Internet all the time.What’s more, if you can’t control yourself, it is better for you to ask your parents remind you to limit the online time. What’s the most important is that you have other activities, like doing some sports, to fill your life and make it colorful and energetic.
Hope everything will go on well soon .Looking forward to hearing your good news.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。要求考生给英国好友 Jim 写封信，表达对他因沉迷网络而影响学习和生活关心，并给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：more than/ very
担心：am worried about/ worry
建议：advice/suggestion
摆脱：getting rid of/rid/give up
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Now I’m writing to give you some advice on getting rid of the addiction.
拓展句：Now I’m writing to give you some advice on how to get rid of the addiction.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than sorry to know that you are so addicted to Internet that it even affects your study and life.（由that 引导的宾语从句和so...that…引导的结果状语从句）
【高分句型2】First, you should know clearly when and why you are using the Internet.（由when 和why引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】Only if you know it can you be clear how much time you will spend on it, instead of being on the Internet all the time.（由only引导的倒装句，if引导的条件状语从句和how much引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型4】What’s more, if you can’t control yourself, it is better for you to ask your parents to remind you to limit the online time.（由if引导的条件状语从句）
【高分句型5】What’s the most important is that you have other activities, like doing some sports, to fill your life and make it colorful and energetic.（由what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）