高一下学期期末模拟预测卷（必修三至选必一）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）（解析版）

这是一份高一下学期期末模拟预测卷（必修三至选必一）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）（解析版），共20页。试卷主要包含了 测试范围，B．1420等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023 高一英语下学期期末模拟预测卷
全解全析
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改
动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上。写在本
试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回；
4. 测试范围：必修第三册和选修第一册。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分27. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
Fantastic Fire Festivals Around the World
Quema del Diablo
In Central America, Quema del Diablo, or “burning of the devil (魔鬼)” takes place in Guatemala on December 7, when the devil is driven from Guatemalans’ homes and chased into the streets. By holding firework displays, bonfires (篝火), and burning devil statues, locals believe they are ridding themselves of bad spirits.
Guy Fawkes Night
The most famous fire ceremony of all happens in England. Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Bonfire Night, is held on November 5 and goes back all the way to 1605. The most famous and biggest celebration is in Lewes in Sussex, also known as the bonfire capital of the world. Whole streets are shut down and tens of thousands of people take to the streets to watch parades (游行) .
Fire and Snow Festival
In mid-February every year, the Fire and Snow Festival lights the district of Kakunodate in Japan. Originally, this festival had its roots in a purification ceremony, when farming communities would try to rid the bad spirits. The festival is now more of a community event. A sweet cake is served up there. At the peak of the festival, participants light a basketball-sized rice straw ball that’s attached to a rope and keep it spinning above their heads.
Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival
Another fire celebration taking place in February is the Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival in South Korea, which takes place on the island of Jeju. Although the festival is fairly new, having only been around for two decades, it goes back centuries to when local families would keep cows. To maintain the grass, farmers would set fire to the mountains to destroy old grass and kill harmful insects. Now, a hilltop is set a light to pray for health and a good harvest in the coming year — as well as a torchlight march, rock lifting, and a straw rope making competition.
1．Where is the bonfire capital of the world?
A．In Japan. B．In England.
C．In South Korea. D．In Central America.
2．What is the original purpose of the Fire and Snow Festival?
A．To drive away bad spirits. B．To celebrate a good harvest.
C．To get precious fire for farming. D．To promote different ballgames.
3．What do the last two festivals have in common?
A．Sweet cakes a reserved up there. B．There are insects producing light.
C．They are held in the same month. D．They feature various competitions.

【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个以火著称的节日的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Guy Fawkes Night部分的“The most famous fire ceremony of all happens in England. Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Bonfire Night, is held on November 5 and goes back all the way to 1605. The most famous and biggest celebration is in Lewes in Sussex, also known as the bonfire capital of the world.(最著名的篝火仪式发生在英国。盖伊·福克斯之夜，也被称为篝火之夜，在11月5日举行，可以追溯到1605年。最著名、规模最大的庆祝活动是在苏塞克斯郡的刘易斯，也被称为世界篝火之都)”可知，世界的篝火之都在英国。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Fire and Snow Festival部分的“Originally, this festival had its roots in a purification ceremony, when farming communities would try to rid the bad spirits.(最初，这个节日起源于一个净化仪式，在这个仪式上，农业社区会试图赶走邪灵)”可知，这一节日的最初目的是为了驱赶邪灵。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据Fire and Snow Festival部分的“In mid-February every year, the Fire and Snow Festival lights the district of Kakunodate in Japan.(每年2月中旬，日本的角馆区都会举行“冰火节”)”和Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival部分的“Another fire celebration taking place in February is the Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival in South Korea, which takes place on the island of Jeju.(另一个在2月举行的篝火庆祝活动是在韩国济州岛举行的正月祭)”可知，这两个节日的时间都是在二月份。故选C。

B
The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, completed in 1436, is the most important landmark in Florence, Italy, and the fourth largest church in the world.
The most famous part of the church is the dome (穹顶). It was created by the genius of the Renaissance (文艺复兴), Filippo Brunelleschi, who showed a great mastery of technical knowledge. Interestingly, Brunelleschi had been a trained goldsmith (金匠) and had never built anything in his life before building the masterpiece. This may sound crazy, but in many ways we look at the relation between Brunelleschi and the church, it seemed that he was “the chosen one” to complete the construction.
When he was born in 1377, the church had been under construction for 80 years with no solution to the dome-shaped roof. The building of the church had grown so larger and grander than the original plans that no one had any idea how it would or could be done. In 1418 a public competition was announced for the construction of the dome. Of course, there was the possibility of building the dome with a wooden structure to support it, but that would end up being costly requiring over 400 trees, lots of manpower and time. When Brunelleschi entered the competition, he was the only one with an idea that did not use wood, which caught the attention of the judges. Brunelleschi did many mathematical calculations and invented a lot of new tools and machines for the project, which was started two years after he won the competition. He finished the dome in only sixteen years, which was shockingly fast back in his time.
Always known as a secretive person, Brunelleschi didn’t leave a single building plan, drawing, or even a letter behind on how he managed to come up with such an amazing design. For years, the structure was a huge mystery about how the dome was built.
4．Why did the church remain unfinished for a long time?
A．It was waiting for the chosen one for the task. B．It went too far away from the original plan.
C．The wood, labor and time were not enough. D．The tools and machines had not been invented.
5．Why did Brunelleschi get the judges’ attention?
A．He was a trained goldsmith. B．He had a gift for invention.
C．He raised a different design. D．He was good at calculation.
6．In which year was the dome completed?
A．1418. B．1420. C．1434. D．1436.
7．What does the underlined “secretive” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Not outgoing in personality. B．Creative in imagination.
C．Not afraid when making decisions. D．Energetic when working.

【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了文艺复兴时期的天才Filippo Brunelleschi建造了圣玛丽亚·德尔·菲奥里大教堂的圆顶的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段“When he was born in 1377, the church had been under construction for 80 years with no solution to the dome-shaped roof. The building of the church had grown so larger and grander than the original plans that no one had any idea how it would or could be done.(当他于1377年出生时，这座教堂已经建造了80年，圆顶状的屋顶还没有解决。教堂的建筑比原来的计划要大得多，宏伟得多，没有人知道该怎么做)”可知，教堂这么长时间没有完工是因为它比原计划更大。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“When Brunelleschi entered the competition, he was the only one with an idea that did not use wood, which caught the attention of the judges.(当布鲁内莱斯基参加比赛时，他是唯一一个不使用木材的人，这引起了评委的注意)”可知，布鲁内莱斯基引起了评委的注意是因为提出了一个不同的设计。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, completed in 1436,is the most important landmark in Florence, Italy, and the fourth largest church in the world.(圣玛丽亚·德尔·菲奥里大教堂于1436年完工，是意大利佛罗伦萨最重要的地标，也是世界第四大教堂)”可知，圆顶是1436年建成的。故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Brunelleschi didn’t leave a single building plan, drawing, or even a letter behind on how he managed to come up with such an amazing design”可知，Brunelleschi没有留下任何建筑平面图、图纸，甚至没有留下一封信来说明他是如何想出如此惊人的设计的，说明他性格不外向，不与外界交流。故划线词意思是“性格不外向”。故选A。

C
Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.
The astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, have to tidy up a large number of materials, including goods on the Tianzhou 3 cargo spacecraft, said Zhong Weiwei, an associate researcher at the China Astronaut Research and Training Center.
Living in space about six months, a record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them, according to Zhong.
He said the astronauts have to put all equipment in place since there will be a gap of more than one month before the astronauts of ShenzhouⅩⅣ enter the space station.
The physical conditions and psychological states of the three astronauts are better than expected, meeting the requirements for a return trip, said the associate researcher from the center’s aerospace medical engineering office.
Based on their in-orbit physical examinations and data, experts have adjusted exercise plans for them to keep fitness in order to ensure a safe landing, Zhong said.
The Shenzhou ⅩⅢ mission was launched on Oct 16 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket that blasted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China’s Gobi Desert, with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station.
Besides their tasks, they have also delivered two live lectures from the space station, showing the students their living and working areas at the Tianhe core module and several scientific experiments under zero-gravity conditions and answering real-time questions from students.
8．What record did the three astronauts make in China’s history?
A．They have finished over twenty scientific missions
B．They have lived in space about six months.
C．They will bring back some samples from space.
D．They have made great contributions to China’s space exploration.
9．Which of the following about the astronauts is true according to the passage?
A．The astronauts gave two lessons in space to the students on the earth.
B．The astronauts adjusted their exercise plans due to bad body condition.
C．The astronauts only need to keep physically healthy before returning.
D．The astronauts have already put all equipment in the right place.
10．Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined part in paragraph 7?
A．go off B．boosted off C．took off D．put off
11．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Successful returning from space. B．Big record made by China’s astronauts.
C．Great contributions of China’s astronauts. D．Preparations for returning the Earth.

【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国三名宇航员在太空生活了约六个月，完成了20多项科研任务，他们正在着手准备返航工作。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段“Living in space about six months, a record in China’s history, they have completed more than 20 scientific tasks and will bring back samples with them”（他们在太空中生活了大约6个月，这是中国历史上的一项记录，他们已经完成了20多项科学任务，并将带回样本。）可知，这三名宇航员在中国历史上创造了在太空生活六个月的记录。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides their tasks, they have also delivered two live lectures from the space station, showing the students their living and working areas at the Tianhe core module and several scientific experiments under zero-gravity conditions and answering real-time questions from students.”（除了他们的任务，他们还在空间站上进行了两次现场讲座，向学生们展示了天河号核心舱的生活和工作区域，以及零重力条件下的几项科学实验，并回答了学生们的实时问题。）可知，宇航员在太空给地球上的学生进行了两次现场讲座。故选A项。
10．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段第一句“The Shenzhou ⅩⅢ mission was launched on Oct 16 by a Long March 2F carrier rocket”（神舟飞船ⅩⅢ于10月16日由长征2F运载火箭发射升空）及最后一句“with the crew soon entering the Tiangong station”（宇航员很快会进入天宫站）可知，长征2F运载火箭会从位于中国西北部戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射，把宇航员送入太空。故推测blasted off意为“发射”。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station are preparing for their return trip in the middle of April, packing up personal items, experimental products and other materials, putting equipment into place and exercising to prepare their bodies for Earth’s gravity.”（驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员正在为4月中旬的返程做准备，他们正在打包个人物品、实验产品和其他材料，将设备安置到位，并进行锻炼，为身体适应地球引力做好准备。）该句是本文的主旨句并结合后文对完成设备安置工作和宇航员调整身心以适应地球着陆的描述可知，本文主要描述了宇航员返回地区的准备工作。故选D项。



第二节：（共5小题, 每小题2. 5分, 共12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Reduce Food Waste
Food waste is a huge problem in many countries. The good news: Each of us can help solve it. ___12___ .
Make a plan
___13___ , think about exactly what you need for the week, make a list and then stick to it. Actually, more often we throw things in the shopping cart that sound good or look new, and then we let them sit in the back of the fridge for a few weeks.
Get creative with repurposing food
Before walking straight to the trash with your old carrots or cabbages, ask yourself:  ___14___ The answer is probably yes. You don’t need to follow any difficult recipes (to tum older produce into a fresh new dish by watching videos online).
___15___
If you realize that you won’t be able to use food before it’s too late, tum to the trusty fridge. Did you know you can freeze almost anything? Your bread, your vegetables, your fruits -even your milk! Freezing food helps keep its taste and nutrients(营养).
Don’t be fooled by that “sell by” date
Generally speaking, these labels are a best guess by producers as to when their products will be freshest. They’re not fixed rules about when that cheese has to go straight to the trashcan. ___16___ . The next time you do a sweep of your kitchen, remember that these dates are just guidelines. When in doubt, do a smell test. If it doesn’t pass, you can just bury them in your garden to make the soil rich.
A．Freeze everything
B．Don’t forget your fridge
C．Before you shop for groceries
D．Can I make these into something new
E．Can you create something out of them
F．However, that’s exactly what many of us do
G．Here are four simple ways to start reducing your food waste at home

【答案】12．G 13．C 14．D 15．B 16．F

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四种减少食物浪费的方法。
12．上文“The good news: Each of us can help solve it.(好消息是：我们每个人都可以帮助解决这个问题)”可知，每个人都能帮助解决食物浪费的问题，G项“以下是开始减少家中食物浪费的四种简单方法”和上文构成内容上的承接，又引出本文要讲的话题。故选G项。
13．下文“think about exactly what you need for the week, make a list and then stick to it(好好想想你这周需要什么，列一个清单，然后坚持下去)”可知，作者认为应该在购物之前有个计划，要先思考并列举清单，C项“在你买杂货之前”作时间状语，表明思考和列清单的时间。故选C项。
14．上文“ask yourself:(问问你自己：)”可知，空格处需要填一个疑问句，下文“to tum older produce into a fresh new dish by watching videos online (通过在线观看视频将农产品变成一道新鲜的新菜)”是对D项“我能把这些做成新的吗”这个问题答案的进一步解释。故选D项。
15．根据空格位置可知，空格处是该段的小标题，再根据下文“If you realize that you won’t be able to use food before it’s too late, tum to the trusty fridge. (如果你意识到在为时已晚之前你将无法使用食物，那就去找可靠的冰箱吧)”可知，说明在你不准备使用食物之前要利用冰箱，是对B项“别忘记你的冰箱”的内容的进一步解释。故选B项。
16．上文“They’re not fixed rules about when that cheese has to go straight to the trashcan.(关于奶酪何时必须直接进入垃圾桶，它们并不是固定的规则)”说明奶酪的保质期不确定，下文“The next time you do a sweep of your kitchen, remember that these dates are just guidelines.(下次你打扫厨房时，请记住，这些日期只是指导方针)”说明保质期只是一个指导方针，F项“然而，这正是我们许多人所做的”表示前后内容的转折，起到了承上启下的作用，说明食物是否过期并不完全参考保质期，我们大多数人需要做的是记住这个指导方针，然后再对食物进行处理。故选F项。

第二部分 语言运用（共三节, 满分45分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Scientific discovery is popularly believed to result from the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. Our view of such unique contributions to science often ____17____ the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors (前任者).
____18____ such greats as Darwin and Einstein—whose remarkable contributions are duly celebrated — we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left. This evolutionary view of human innovation weakens the idea of ____19____ genius and recognizes the accumulative nature of scientific progress.
Consider one ____20____ scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who assumed the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space. By combining different numbers of weights of these proto-elements’ atoms, Nicholson could recover the weights of all the elements in the then-known periodic table. These successes are all the more noteworthy given the fact that Nicholson was ____21____ about the presence of proto-elements: they do not actually exist. Yet, amid his often fanciful theories and wild guesses, Nicholson also ____22____ a new theory about the structure of atoms. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, ____23____ this interesting idea to come up with his now-famous model of the atom.
What are we to make of this story? We propose that science is constantly ____24____, much as species of animals do. In biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics that ____25____ random genetic mutations (变异). In the same way, random or accidental mutations of ideas may help pave the way for _____26_____ in science. _____27_____ mutations prove beneficial, the animal or the scientific theory will continue to thrive and perhaps reproduce.
_____28_____ for this evolutionary view of behavioral innovation comes from many domains. Consider one example of an influential innovation in US horseracing. The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup (马镫) placement, in which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is believed to give important speed advantages when turning on egg-shaped tracks. It was developed by a relatively unknown jockey named Jackie Westrope. Had he _____29_____ the speed advantage that would be provided by riding acey-deucy? No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee. His _____30_____ just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance.
Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity — a happy _____31_____. The time seems right for abandoning the naive notions of intelligent design and genius, and for scientifically exploring the true origins of creative behavior.
17．A．overlooks B．enriches C．questions D．reflects
18．A．Aiming at B．Longing for C．Holding back D．Setting aside
19．A．native B．creative C．subjective D．sensitive
20．A．stressed B．unrecognized C．celebrated D．respected
21．A．suspicious B．concerned C．wrong D．guilty
22．A．tested B．rejected C．accepted D．proposed
23．A．got rid of B．made room for C．jumped off from D．put up with
24．A．struggling B．reversing C．evolving D．shrinking
25．A．result from B．contribute to C．depart from D．relate to
26．A．priorities B．trials C．advances D．obstacles
27．A．If B．Until C．While D．Unless
28．A．Responsibility B．Prejudice C．Dislike D．Support
29．A．doubted B．neglected C．foreseen D．exceeded
30．A．motivation B．modification C．dedication D．publication
31．A．occasion B．life C．accident D．ending

【答案】
17．A 18．D 19．B 20．B 21．C 22．D 23．C 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了我们对一些伟人独一无二的科学贡献的看法往往忽视了前辈之前的经验和努力。科学创新更多的是一个试错的过程，是科学进步不断积累的结果。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们对这种独一无二的科学贡献的看法往往忽视了这个人之前的经验和鲜为人知的前辈们的努力。A. overlooks忽视；B. enriches丰富；C. questions质疑；D. reflects反应。由上文“Our view of such unique contributions to science often”和下文“the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors”可知，我们认为科学贡献只属于某个或某几个人的看法往往忽视了一个人之前的经验和鲜为人知的前辈的努力，故选A。
18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：撇开达尔文和爱因斯坦这样的伟人不谈，他们的杰出贡献受到了应有的赞扬，我们认为创新更多的是一个试错的过程，前进两步有时会后退一步，也可能会向右或向左走一步或多步。A. Aiming at旨在；B. Longing for渴望；C. Holding back阻止；D. Setting aside把……放一旁。由下文“we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left.”和上文提到的人们认为科学发现是博物学家查尔斯·达尔文和理论物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等智力明星的天才结晶可知，作者认同达尔文和爱因斯坦的贡献得到了应有的赞扬，但是作者还认为创新需要试错，也就是说除了达尔文和爱因斯坦的成就外，还有之前前辈的经验和努力也值得赞扬，所以此处指撇开达尔文和爱因斯坦这样的伟人不谈，故选D。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种对人类创新的进化观削弱了创造性天才的观念，并承认了科学进步的累积性。A. native本地的；B. creative有创意的；C. subjective主观的；D. sensitive敏感的。由上文“This evolutionary view of human innovation”和上文提到的“the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein”可知，对达尔文和爱因斯坦这种天才，应该赞扬他们的贡献，但是也应该肯定前辈的经验和努力，由此可知，这种创新的进化观削弱了创造性天才的观念，故选B。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想一位未被认可的科学家：约翰·尼科尔森，一位在1910年代工作的数学物理学家，他假设外太空中存在“原始元素”。A. stressed焦虑的；B. unrecognized未被认出的；C. celebrated著名的；D. respected受人尊敬的。由下文“scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who assumed the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space.”可知，此处举例子说明前辈的那些错误也是有意义的，这些前辈往往是没有被认可的，故选B。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到尼科尔森对原始元素存在的看法是错误的：它们实际上并不存在，这些成功更值得注意。A. suspicious怀疑的；B. concerned关心的；C. wrong错误的；D. guilty内疚的。由下文“they do not actually exist.”可知，尼科尔森对原始元素存在的看法是错误的，因为实际上它们并不存在，故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他经常异想天开的理论和疯狂的猜测中，尼科尔森还提出了一个关于原子结构的新理论。A. tested测试；B. rejected拒绝；C. accepted接受；D. proposed建议。由下文“a new theory about the structure of atoms”可知，尼科尔森提出一个关于原子结构的新理论，故选D。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖得主、现代原子理论之父尼尔斯·玻尔从这个有趣的想法中跳出来，提出了他现在著名的原子模型。A. got rid of摆脱；B. made room for腾出空间；C. jumped off from从……跳出来；D. put up with忍受。由下文“this interesting idea to come up with his now-famous model of the atom.”可知，尼尔斯·玻尔从这个有趣的想法中跳出来，提出了他现在著名的原子模型，故选C。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们认为科学在不断发展，就像动物物种进化一样。A. struggling挣扎；B. reversing修正；C. evolving进化；发展；D. shrinking缩水。由下文“much as species of animals do”和“In biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics”可知，此处指就像动物物种进化一样，科学在不断发展，故选C。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在生物系统中，生物体可能会因随机基因突变而表现出新的特征。A. result from起因于；B. contribute to有助于；C. depart from离开；D. relate to与……有关。由上文“organisms may display new characteristics that”和下文“random genetic mutations (变异)”可知，生物体新的特征是由于随机基因突变造成的，故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，思想的随机或偶然突变可能有助于为科学进步铺平道路。A. priorities优先权；B. trials实验；C. advances进步；D. obstacles障碍。由上文“In the same way, random or accidental mutations of ideas may help pave the way for”可知，思想的随机或偶然突变可能有助于为科学进步铺平道路，故选C。
27．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：如果突变被证明是有益的，动物或科学理论将继续茁壮成长，也许还会繁殖。A. If如果；B. Until直到；C. While当……时候；D. Unless除非。由下文“mutations prove beneficial, the animal or the scientific theory will continue to thrive and perhaps reproduce.”可知，此处表示一种假设，应用if引导的条件状语从句，故选A。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对这种行为创新的进化观点的支持来自许多领域。A. Responsibility责任；B. Prejudice偏见；C. Dislike不喜欢；D. Support支持。由下文“Consider one example of an influential innovation in US horseracing.”可知，作者举了一个美国赛马界有影响力的创新例子，来证明对这种行为创新的进化观点的支持来自许多领域，故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是否已经预见了骑“acey-deucy”马镫位置能有速度优势？A. doubted怀疑；B. neglected忽视；C. foreseen预见；D. exceeded超过。由上文“The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup (马镫) placement, in which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is believed to give important speed advantages when turning on egg-shaped tracks. It was developed by a relatively unknown jockey named Jackie Westrope(所谓的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，即骑手的脚放在左马镫中，比右马镫低25厘米，被认为在蛋形赛道上转弯时具有重要的速度优势。它是由一位相对不知名的骑师Jackie Westrope发明的)”和下文“No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee.”可知，骑师Jackie Westrope发现了这种“acey-deucy”马镫位置，但这是偶然发现的，并不是他提前能预测到的，此处提出问题：他是否已经预见了骑“acey-deucy”马镫位置有速度优势？下文对此做出否定回答，即证明了他没有预测到“acey-deucy”马镫位置有速度优势，故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的动机恰好与左手转弯表现的增强相吻合。A. motivation动机；B. modification修正；C. dedication奉献；D. publication出版。由下文“just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance.”和上文提到他因为腿部受伤，导致左膝无法完全弯曲。这使他碰巧发现了有速度优势的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，由此可知，他发明“acey-deucy”马镫位置的动机和左手转弯表现的增强相吻合，故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多其他故事表明，新的进步可能来自错误、不幸，也可能来自纯粹的偶然发现——一场幸福的意外。A. occasion场合；B. life生活；C. accident意外；D. ending结尾。由上文“Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity—a happy”和上文举的Jackie Westrope在受伤后碰巧发现了会有速度优势的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，这完全是一场意外，由此可知，新的进步可能来自错误、不幸，也可能来自纯粹的偶然发现——一场幸福的意外。故选C。

第二节 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
32．When her children got old enough to read by themselves, she bought many books, most of ______ were both interesting and right for them to understand.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当她的孩子长大到可以自己读书的时候，她买了很多书，其中大部分既有趣又适合他们理解。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词books，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
33．You may have a________(prefer)for English study but you shouldn’t overlook other activities, which can help you get experience.
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意：你可以偏好英语学习，但你不应该忽视其他可以帮助你获得经验的活动。根据空前的不定冠词a可知此处应用名词单数形式，作宾语，have a preference for为固定搭配，意为“喜好，偏好”。故填preference。
34．________(abandon) by the host, especially when it is disabled or has developed some diseases, is a tragedy(悲剧) to a pet.
【答案】Being abandoned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被主人抛弃，尤其是当它残疾或患有某些疾病时，对宠物来说是一个悲剧。分析句子结构可知，主句缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。动词abandon与名词a pet之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动语态。根据句意，故填Being abandoned。
35．________ contrast, a number of studies in Europe have had results very different from the Harvard research.
【答案】In/By
【详解】考查介词。句意：相比之下，欧洲的一些研究结果与哈佛大学的研究结果截然不同。结合句意表达“相比之下”用in/by contrast，介词短语作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填In/By。
36．Difficult as the problem was ________(overcome), they kept on seeking for possible solutions instead of giving up hope.
【答案】to overcome
【详解】考查不定式。句意：尽管问题很难克服，但他们继续寻求可能的解决方案，而不是放弃希望。前半句为as引导的让步状语从句的部分倒装结构，还原应为As the problem was difficult，所以设空处接在形容词后，一般为不定式作原因状语，故填to overcome。
37．Chinese idioms mainly ______(consist) of four or more Chinese characters have been appealing to those absorbed in Chinese.
【答案】consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：以四个或四个以上汉字为主要组成部分的汉语成语一直吸引着那些全神贯注于汉语的人。分析句子结构可知consist与逻辑主语Chinese idioms 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
38．Piles of garbage litter main roads and people can be seen ________ (spit) while walking on public roads.
【答案】spitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：主干道上到处都是垃圾，人们在公共道路上行走时随地吐痰。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处考查see sb. doing sth.的被动形式sb. be seen doing sth.“某人被看见正在做某事”；逻辑主语people和spit之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词作主语补足语。故填spitting。
39．The college students________(select) to participate in the community epidemic prevention service during the Spring Festival are all from the local area. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】selected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：入选春节期间参加社区防疫服务的大学生均来自当地。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词are，所以select应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是college students，两者间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填selected。
40．_________ (publish) their researches in journals, scientists have to work hard and even without financial reward.
【答案】To publish
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在期刊上发表他们的研究成果，科学家们必须努力工作，甚至没有经济报酬。设空处为目的状语，应用动词不定式to publish，设空处在句首，to的首字母要大写。故填To publish。
41．McGregor must stay in bed for a month on __________ basis of the medical reports his doctor has received.
【答案】the
【详解】考查定冠词。句意：根据医生收到的医疗报告，McGregor必须在床上休息一个月。on the basis of是固定短语，意为“根据”，因此空格处是定冠词the，故填the。

第三节 根据提示翻译句子。（共5小题; 每小题3分, 满分15分）
42．我外甥刚才背诵了一首他在学校学的诗。（recite）
【答案】My nephew recited a poem that he had learnt at school just now.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。分析句子可知，句子是复合句，含有一个限制性定语从句，主句描述的是过去发生的事情，时态是一般过去时，从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，时态需用过去完成时。主句中，主语“我外甥”用名词短语my nephew，时间状语“刚才”用just now，谓语“背诵了”用动词recited，宾语“一首诗”用a poem，是定语从句的先行词。定语从句中，先行词指物，作谓语动词的宾语，可用关系代词that引导从句，主语“他”用he，谓语“学”用动词had learnt，地点状语“在学校”用at school。故可翻译为My nephew recited a poem that he had learnt at school just now.。
43．用有毒的化学药品做实验的时候你要格外小心。(experiment with)
【答案】Be careful when you experiment with the poisonous chemical.
【详解】考查祈使句，时间状语从句和固定短语。根据汉语意思，“你要格外小心”用祈使句，译为be careful ，“用有毒的化学药品做实验的时候”用when引导时间状语从句，“用……做试验”用短语experiment with，“有毒的化学药品”译为poisonous chemical，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为Be careful when you experiment with the poisonous chemical.

44．今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？ (favour)
【答案】Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?
【详解】考查情态动词和动词短语。“今天”使用副词today作时间状语，“帮某人的忙”使用动词短语do sb a favour，“接（某人）”使用动词短语pick up，两个动词短语是并列关系，用and连接，此处表示委婉的请求，用情态动词could，后接动词原形，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?。
45．由于生态环境的日益改善，这个地区的湿地吸引了越来越多的鸟类来此过冬，包括一些珍稀的鸟类。(attract)
【答案】Due to the increasing improvement of the ecological environment, the wetlands in this area have attracted more and more birds to spend winter here, including some rare birds.
【详解】考查时态、名词、动词、短语和介词。表示“由于”应用due to；表示“生态环境”应用ecological environment；表示“日益改善”应用increasing improvement；表示“湿地”应用wetland；表示“吸引”应用attract；表示“越来越多的”应用more and more；表示“包括”应用include；表示“珍稀的鸟类”应用rare bird。根据题干，本句应用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在产生的影响。分析句子结构和汉语题干，本句的谓语为“吸引”，包括为介词including。故本句可译为：Due to the increasing improvement of the ecological environment, the wetlands in this area have attracted more and more birds to spend winter here, including some rare birds.
46．我能想到大多数老师的两个共同点：他们致力于教学，热爱学生。(common)
【答案】I can think of two things that most teachers have in common: they are dedicated to teaching and they love their students.
【详解】考查动词短语、定语从句、介词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“能想到”应为动词短语can think of；表示“两件事情”为two things，后接that引导的定语从句修饰two things，在改从句中，表示“大多数老师都有的”应为句子most teachers have in common；表示“致力于做某事”应为动词短语be dedicated to doing，此处表示“教学”为teaching；表示“热爱他们的学生”应为动词短语love their students。结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：I can think of two things that most teachers have in common: they are dedicated to teaching and they love their students。

第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（满分15分）
47．假如你是星光中学的学生李华，近日你在某杂志上看到一篇介绍中国传统节日的征稿启事，请结合下列要点给该杂志社撰文。
1．节日基本信息     2．你庆祝该节日的一次经历      3．你有何感想
注意：(1)以该节日名作为征稿的标题；
(2)开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
(3)词数：100左右。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals with a very long history in China. It is said that ancient people celebrated it to drive a demon, Nian away. It falls on the first day of the lunar year and lasts 15 days.
On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, enjoying the festival together. On that eve, we went outside to light crackers and fireworks, after which we came home to make dumplings. After the dinner we all sat together watching the Spring Festival Gala. On the morning of the New Year’s Day, we got up very early to stick couplets, on which all good wishes were presented. Then we planned to visit our relatives to give them our greetings. During the festival, children were most excited because they could receive lucky money. We also sent and grabbed red packets through WeChat, which was already becoming more and more popular in China.
As a joyous occasion, the Spring Festival symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hope for the future. It is a time of reunion and relaxation after hard work for the whole year.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放作文。要求考生给杂志社撰文，写一篇文章介绍中国传统节日。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要的：important → significant
庆祝：celebrate → observe
流行的，普遍的：popular→ common
高兴的：joyous →pleasing
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, enjoying the festival together.
拓展句：On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, where we enjoyed the festival together.
【点睛】【高分句型1】On the Spring Festival this year, my parents and I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside, enjoying the festival together.（运用了现在分词enjoying充当伴随状语）
【高分句型2】On that eve, we went outside to light crackers and fireworks, after which we came home to make dumplings.（运用了after which引导的非限制性定语从句）

第二节（满分20分）
48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eight-year-old Kayzen Hunter visits Waffle House every weekend to have breakfast with his family. They always choose to sit in Devonte Gardner’s section, because they get the best care from their favorite waiter.
The family instantly felt close to Gardner, who would greet Kayzen with a high-five every time they entered the restaurant. Kayzen never needed to say his order again, because Gardner already knew it by heart. The family really believes he’s the nicest person ever, which is why they were eager to help him when they learned his story.
One day, while dining at the restaurant with his grandfather John Donofrio, Kayzen discovered that behind Gardner’s kindness and warmth were a lot of personal struggles. At the time, Gardner asked the pair if they knew where he could buy an affordable car to use to get to work. It turned out the waiter had been walking a long distance to and from work every day. He and his family, consisting of a wife and two young daughters, were living in a motel (汽车旅馆) room after their apartment became unsuitable to live in. They had been living in a motel for months.
Kayzen couldn’t erase his friend’s story from his mind, so he immediately told his mom about it when he got home. “We have to start a GoFundMe page and help Gardner get a car!” he kept saying. He didn’t give up on the idea until his mom Vittoria gave in. Their goal was to get $5, 000 in donations so Gardner could purchase a car. Vittoria and her husband were eager to help their son achieve the goal, especially since they had the same experience years ago. It took a long time to rebuild their lives, but they were able to bounce back. Now, they wanted to help Devonte do the same.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A local news station picked up the story, and before they knew it, more donations began pouring in.
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Upon discovering what Kayzen had done, Gardner wept.
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【答案】A local news station picked up the story, and before they knew it, more donations began pouring in. Soon, they achieved their goal, $5,000, and the number kept increasing. They now had over $100, 000 in donations for Gardner and his family. The money was more than enough for a car, and would enable Gardner and his family to move out of the motel and live in a more comfortable space for over a year. Soon, they thought it was time to let Gardner know what they had done for him, so they visited Gardner and his family on a sunny day.
Upon discovering what Kayzen had done, Gardner wept. He expressed his thankfulness to all the people who had helped him and his family. Now they had over $100, 000 in donations to help them bounce back. After renting a simple apartment and purchasing a car. Gardner went to work at ease and lived comfortably with his family. After he was no longer worried about his life, he thought he should put forward this act of kindness, so he gave the extra money to these who were in need like him, and he hoped someone would continue this great circle.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了8岁的Kayzen Hunter得知自己喜欢的服务员Gardner遇到困难后，决定通过筹款的方式帮助他。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当地一家新闻电台报道了这个故事，在他们意识到之前，更多的捐款开始涌入。”可知，第一段可描写越来越多的人开始为Gardner捐款。
②由第二段首句内容“得知Kayzen的所作所为后，Gardner哭了。”可知，第二段可描写Gardner甚为感动，决定将爱传递下去。
2.续写线索：同情并为Gardner筹款——捐款蜂拥而至——拜访Gardner——Gardner非常感动——将爱传递下去
3.词汇激活
行为类
①实现目标：achieve one’s goal/realize one’s goal
②增加：increase/grow
③拜访：visit/pay a visit to
情绪类
①感谢：thankfulness/gratitude
②担忧的：worried/concerned
【点睛】【高分句型1】Soon, they thought it was time to let Gardner know what they had done for him, so they visited Gardner and his family on a sunny day. (运用了省略连接词that的宾语从句和what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】He expressed his thankfulness to all the people who had helped him and his family. (运用了who引导的定语从句)