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2022北京西城初三二模英语（教师版）
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这是一份2022北京西城初三二模英语（教师版），共21页。试卷主要包含了单项填空，完形填空，阅读理解，阅读表达，文段表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022北京西城初三二模
英 语
第一部分
本部分共33题, 共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中, 选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空（每题0. 5分, 共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mr. Brown enjoys cooking. ________ often makes delicious food for us.
A. He B. She C. We D. They
2. The train arrives ________ 9 o’clock, so we’d better set off now.
A. of B. in C. on D. at
3. —________ phone is it?
—It’s Mary’s.
A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Who
4. Tom has a gift for language and he ________ speak Chinese, French and German.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
5. It is an attractive story, ________ I don’t like the ending.
A. or B. because C. but D. so
6. The new library in our town is much ________than the old one.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
7. —Could you please turn down your music? I ________ the online lesson now.
—Sure. I’m sorry.
A. take B. am taking C. was taking D. have taken
8. —How was your weekend?
—It was busy! I ________ in my office the whole day.
A. am working B. work C. worked D. will work
9. I really love the film The Battle at Lake Changjin. I ________ it twice.
A. have watched B. watch C. am watching D. will watch
10. My neighbor ________ when I saw her in that park yesterday afternoon.
A. walked the dog B. is walking the dog C. was walking the dog D. has walked the dog
11. This famous market ________ by hundreds of people every day.
A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. was visited
12. —Do you know ________ the reading club tomorrow?
—Room 109.
A. where will we have B. where we had C. where did we have D. where we will have
二、完形填空（每题1分, 共8分）
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
I almost messed up “big time”.
My 5-year-old son and I were coming back from school when we saw a(n) ____13____ man on the side of the road. I wanted to give the man some money, but I didn’t have any cash(现金). My son Justus noticed the man as well. And then it happened...
Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket. I was more than happy that he wanted to do this with ____14____ . But honestly I was hesitant(犹豫不决的), I didn’t want to give this man who clearly needed all the help he could get, just 30 cents. My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction(反应) to ____15____ just two coins were standing in the way.
I quickly realized that I was the only problem in this situation. I almost told my son what he had wasn’t enough by my inaction. I almost showed him that what he saw as a good thing, and was in fact a good thing, wasn’t good enough to make a ____16____ in someone’s life. I almost taught him that pride was more important than helping another human. Thank goodness I quickly dropped that foolishness.
I then rolled down the window and said, “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any cash on me, but my son back here wants to give you everything he ____17____ right now. He just turned five.”
The smile on that man’s face lit up the crossroad and he said to Justus, “Thank you so much!”
The only thing that ____18____ the brightness of that stranger’s smile after that moment was... the bigger smile on my boy’s face!
I also believed that a chain reaction of ____19____ started behind us that day, as other people rolled down their windows to help him, too.
My little boy, without even ____20____ it, reminded me once again by his actions that it was always about the heart. It doesn’t matter how much you have or how little; giving in love and sincerity is very important.
13. A. old B. strange C. ordinary D. homeless
14. A. joy B. surprise C. curiosity D. patience
15. A. losing B. receiving C. keeping D. finding
16. A. promise B. decision C. difference D. wish
17. A. believes B. wants C. has D. knows
18. A. matched B. lightened C. explained D. described
19. A. confidence B. kindness C. trust D. courage
20. A. refusing B. recognizing C. remembering D. realizing
三、阅读理解（每题2分, 共26分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
A
Humans are hurting the planet and destroying the environment. Change needs to happen at every level of society. We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.
What is Call to Earth Day?
Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection. Across TV and our website, there are stories about our amazing planet and the people who are protecting it.
How can I be involved?
Everyone is invited. We can all play a role in creating a movement for good. You have to do something to protect the environment. We are asking you to think big, get creative, and make your event influential.
What kind of event can I hold?
The event you choose to hold is up to you, but it should focus on creating a healthier planet. Here are some suggestions for where you can get started:
Screenings
Call to Earth has lots of beautiful and inspiring videos for you to watch and share.
Local clean ups
Whether it’s a beach, a river, a park or a street, get out there and help remove litter from your hometown.
Art projects
Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.
“How To…” sessions
Hold workshops or lessons on everyday skills like recycling and reducing food waste.
Visit our website for more information: www. calltoearthday. com
21. What is Call to Earth Day?
A. A movement. B. A festival. C. A TV program. D. An organization.
22. Why is Call to Earth Day held?
A. To teach children to become creative. B. To ask people to protect the environment.
C. To encourage others to work for the community. D. To tell the public the importance of social events.
23. In the event “Art projects”, you can ________.
A. watch and share beautiful videos B. teach everyday skills like recycling
C. encourage kids to create works of art D. help remove litter from your hometown
B
The perfect birthday present
Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man. It was half man, half machine and could transform into an airplane, a boat, and a racecar.
“Dad! Look!” Toby pointed to the television screen. “That’s what I want for my birthday. Can I get one? Please!”
“We’ll see.” Dad said. “Your birthday is only two weeks away. New toys like this can be hard to find sometimes.”
“Hard to find? But it’s on TV.”
Dad laughed, “That’s what will make it difficult to find. Everyone will be looking to buy it.”
“Everyone?” Toby thought. Well then, he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man. Someone would be able to find it then, right?
Before bed, Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.
For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do. His friends and family nodded and smiled as Toby went on and on about how it was the perfect birthday present.
The big day finally came. Toby got a lot of presents. He opened the first present. “A Super Robot man!” Toby was excited, but everyone else looked worried. “What’s wrong?” he asked.
Dad handed him a box. “I think you should open another present.”
Toby opened it. “Another Super Robot man?”
His father handed him more boxes. Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed. “I guess I got what I asked for.” He handed an action figure to each of his friends. “Now we all have one. Let’s go try them out.”
“You’re not upset?” Mom asked.
“Why would I be? I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”
24. What present did Toby want for his birthday?
A. Aracecar. B. An airplane. C. A boat. D. A Super Robot man.
25. What did Toby do to get his dream birthday present?
A. He called his friends to tell them what he wanted.
B. He kept talking about it with his family and friends.
C. He told his grandparents what he wanted in the invitation.
D. He wrote a note to tell his mother what he wanted for his birthday.
26. How did Toby feel after he opened all the presents?
A. Worried. B. Upset. C. Peaceful. D. Happy.
C
The world’s leading researchers are studying our senses. From the connection between taste and smell, to the idea of “scent（气味）training”, there’s so much more than we think to our sense of smell.
Your sense of smell is largely responsible for your ability to taste food. “Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell,” says a professor at the University of York, UK. “When you put something in your mouth, the molecules（分子）go into your nose. Maybe your tongue can tell there’s fat in that chocolate, and that’s something the brain finds very satisfying, but the formal chocolate experience comes from all the molecules going into your nose.”
Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents
That holds true across all age groups. This is because women are better at noticing a smell and better at describing it with language. Research shows that when people were asked to memorize eight scents and were then given a scent test, the women were better able to tell whether or not a scent was one of the ones that had been memorized. Women were also better at recognizing the scents by name.
Your eating habits may change because of the loss of smell
“You think, ‘I remember how this tasted in the past. I guess they don’t have the same tasty tomatoes or meat any more, ’”says a researcher. “But in fact, it’s your sense of smell that may be working less.” Losing the sense of smell is likely age-related or caused by a cold.
The loss of smell may even change people’s eating habits. Some people will lose interest in eating or don’t want to eat with their friends. Others will start eating lots of junk food, spices, salt, to try to make eating more enjoyable.
Scent training might protect our sense of smell
The loss of smell is not the end of the world. Some research suggests that scent training might protect our sense of smell. By breathing in strong smells on purpose for several weeks, people become more sensitive（敏感的）to all scents and improve their ability to smell. Researchers found the MRI brain images of people undergoing scent training got thicker in the parts of the brain responsible for dealing with the role of scent, which means it’s not just a nose that is trained, it’s the whole brain.
27. What is responsible for flavor when you eat something?
A. The teeth and brain. B. The nose and tongue.
C. The brain and nose. D. The tongue and teeth.
28. What can we know about the sense of smell from the passage?
A. Scent training can help men smell more things.
B. Women are more creative about naming scents.
C. Women are better than men at recognizing scents.
D. Brain training can improve men’s ability to smell.
29. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What you smell may not be real B. Unlock facts about the sense of smell
C. How to develop a good sense of taste D. More than you think to the sense of taste
D
It’s certainly good to be nice. Whether it’s helping a friend with homework, watching their favorite shows even if they’re not your thing or giving up a little time and energy to do something for a friend is a praiseworthy decision. Or, one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument, all to satisfy others and avoid further problems. Still, we need to control our niceness: niceness is valuable, but it’s definitely not without downsides.
To be clear. I’m not advocating（倡导）for selfishness. In fact, I’d encourage everyone to do small favors for the people they care about. Helping others makes us happy. It also gives us a greater sense of purpose and belonging, as we feel more connected to those we do favors for. The same goes for sacrificing （牺牲）a little on our part to end a disagreement, which might feel uncomfortable in the short term, but is in the end for the greater good.
Yet, we need to be careful about where our niceness comes from. When our desire（渴望）to help others comes from a need to be seen as a good or friendly person, our motivations （动机）become increasingly dangerous. For example, we might want others to relate to us, so we say that we like their favorite songs when we don’t. Being agreeable all the time makes us become a product of the people around us instead of having our own special personality.
Additionally, avoiding unreasonable agreeability is even more important. We can’t help offering to do too many favors because our desire to be seen as selfless and kind outweighs our worries for our own well-being. If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.
Agreeability crosses the experiences of all kinds of people, and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College, students are known for caring for others-offering to help their classmates with their studies. This common view of people’s willingness to help can put stress on Mudders to sacrifice their energy, even if they don’t have the skills to do so. Instead, they should remind themselves of their responsibilities, and then decide if they have the ability to lend a hand.
Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.
30. What does the underlined part “take the short end of the stick” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Say sorry first. B. Hit the other person. C. Suffer bad results. D. Make up for mistakes.
31. Unreasonable agreeability may stop us from ________.
A. viewing ourselves properly B. having a sense of belonging
C. developing social relationships D. caring about our own happiness
32. Why is “Harvey Mudd College” mentioned in the passage?
A. To spread the spirit of selflessness within communities.
B. To show an effect of widespread niceness in communities.
C. To criticize the students who sacrifice too much for others.
D. To explain responsibilities people should take within communities.
33. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. being nice can make people easily understood by others
B. being selfless helps people improve their social skills
C. people should think twice before saying “yes”
D. people who help others are more popular
第二部分
本部分共6题, 共20分。根据题目要求, 完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（每题2分, 共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Could what you believe about yourself have an effect on your success or failure? According to Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, your beliefs play a key role in what you want and whether you achieve it. Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays an important role in deciding achievement and success. So, what exactly is a mindset? A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. It influences how you think, feel, and behave in any given situation.
According to Dweck, there are two basic mindsets: fixed and growth. If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed. You may also believe that your talent and intelligence（智商）alone leads to success. And effort is not required. If you have a growth mindset, you believe that your talents and abilities can be developed over time through effort and determination（决心）. People with this mindset don’t necessarily believe that everyone can become Einstein or Mozart just because they try. They do, however, believe that everyone can get smarter or more talented if they work at it.
Your mindset plays an important role in how you deal with life’s challenges. When children have a growth mindset, they hunger for learning and have a desire to work hard and discover new things. This often translates into achievement in education. As adults, these same people are more likely to keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow. On the other hand, those with fixed mindsets are more likely to give up in the face of challenging situations. Dweck suggests that people should get rid of their fixed mindset. Here’s how:
● Focus on the journey. When building a growth mindset, it is important to see the value in your journey. When you’re fixated on the end result, you miss out on all the things you could be learning along the way.
● Add “yet” to your life. If you’re having trouble with a task, remind yourself that you just haven’t mastered it “yet”. Adding this word into your vocabulary shows that in the face of troubles, you can overcome （克服）anything.
● Pay attention to your words and thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with more positive ones to build a growth mindset.
● Take on challenges. Making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. So, instead of shying away from challenges, welcome them.
34. What is a mindset?
______________________________________________
35. Which mindset makes you believe your abilities can’t be changed?
______________________________________________
36. What do adults with a growth mindset think of difficulties?
______________________________________________
37 What are Dweck’s suggestions about developing a growth mindset?
______________________________________________
38. Someone says, “I’m not good at English, and I can do nothing about it.”
Is this an example of a growth mindset or a fixed mindset? Why?
______________________________________________
五、文段表达（10分）
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
39. 树立正确的劳动理念，才能懂得“一分耕耘一分收获”的道理。中学生要培养自己生活的技能和劳动的意识。
假如你是李华，学校要组织以“爱劳动，爱生活”为主题的烹饪技能大赛。
你想邀请你们班交换生Peter参赛。请用英语给他写封邮件，告诉他活动的时间和地点、邀请他参赛的原因以及你给他的建议。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● dining hall, excellent, cook, suggest, fried chicken
提示问题：
● When and where will the competition be held?
● Why will you invite Peter to enter the competition?
● What advice will you have for Peter?
Dear Peter,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the cooking competition.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
40. 责任是一种使命，一种素养， 一种美德。新时代的青少年要有迎难而上，挺身而出的担当精神。
某英文网站正在开展以“责任担当”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华， 请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享你在生活中有责任担当的经历， 以及你的收获。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● take care of, help, opportunity, proud
提示问题：
● What did you do to be responsible?
● What have you learned?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、单项填空（每题0. 5分, 共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mr. Brown enjoys cooking. ________ often makes delicious food for us.
A. He B. She C. We D. They
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：布朗先生喜欢烹饪。他经常为我们做美味的食物。
考查代词辨析。He他；She她；We我们；They他们。根据“Mr. Brown enjoys cooking.”可知，用He代替Mr. Brown；故选A。
2. The train arrives ________ 9 o’clock, so we’d better set off now.
A. of B. in C. on D. at
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：火车9点到达。所以我们最好现在就出发。
考查介词辨析。at用于具体的钟点前；in用于年、月、季节等泛指的时间前；on用于具体的某一天前，或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前；of……的；根据“9 o’clock”可知，具体的钟点前用介词at，故选D。
3. —________ phone is it?
—It’s Mary’s.
A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Who
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这是谁的手机？——它是玛丽的。
考查特殊疑问句。Whose谁的；Which哪一个；What什么；Who谁；根据“It’s Mary’s.”可知，此处问的是“谁的手机”，应用whose提问，故选A。
4. Tom has a gift for language and he ________ speak Chinese, French and German.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆有语言天赋，他会说汉语、法语和德语。
考查情态动词。must必须；should应该；need需要；can能，会。根据“Tom has a gift for language...speak Chinese, French and German.”可知，此处表示会说汉语、法语和德语，故选D。
5. It is an attractive story, ________ I don’t like the ending.
A. or B. because C. but D. so
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：这是一个很吸引人的故事，但我不喜欢这个结局。
考查连词辨析。or或者；because因为；but但是；so因此。“It is an attractive story”和“I don’t like the ending.”在句意上是转折关系，所以用but连接。故选C。
6. The new library in our town is much ________than the old one.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们镇上的新图书馆比旧图书馆大得多。
考查比较级。根据“than”可知，需要比较级，故选B。
7. —Could you please turn down your music? I ________ the online lesson now.
—Sure. I’m sorry.
A. take B. am taking C. was taking D. have taken
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——请你把音乐关小点好吗？我现在正在上网课。——当然可以。我很抱歉。
考查时态。根据“the online lesson now.”可知，此处表达的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语是I，be动词用am，故选B。
8. —How was your weekend?
—It was busy! I ________ in my office the whole day.
A. am working B. work C. worked D. will work
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你的周末过得怎么样？——非常忙碌。我整天都在我的办公室里工作。
考查时态。根据“How was your weekend”可知此处表示过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。
9. I really love the film The Battle at Lake Changjin. I ________ it twice.
A. have watched B. watch C. am watching D. will watch
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢这部电影《长津湖》。我看了两遍。
考查时态。根据“twice”可知，此处强调的是“已经看过两遍了”，应用现在完成时，故选A。
10. My neighbor ________ when I saw her in that park yesterday afternoon.
A. walked the dog B. is walking the dog C. was walking the dog D. has walked the dog
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：昨天下午我在公园看到我的邻居在遛狗。
考查动词时态。根据“when I saw her in that park yesterday afternoon”可知，此处强调在公园看见邻居时正在进行的动作，事情发生在过去的时间，所以用过去进行时（was/were doing）。故选C。
11. This famous market ________ by hundreds of people every day.
A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. was visited
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：这个著名的市场每天有数百人参观。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“by hundreds of people every day”可知，是一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
12. —Do you know ________ the reading club tomorrow?
—Room 109.
A. where will we have B. where we had C. where did we have D. where we will have
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你知道明天我们在哪里举办读书俱乐部吗？——109房间。
考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句用陈述句语序”的原则，排除A、C选项；主句是现在时，从句时态不受限制，结合“tomorrow”可知，从句应用将来时，故选D。
二、完形填空（每题1分, 共8分）
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
I almost messed up “big time”.
My 5-year-old son and I were coming back from school when we saw a(n) ____13____ man on the side of the road. I wanted to give the man some money, but I didn’t have any cash(现金). My son Justus noticed the man as well. And then it happened...
Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket. I was more than happy that he wanted to do this with ____14____ . But honestly I was hesitant(犹豫不决的), I didn’t want to give this man who clearly needed all the help he could get, just 30 cents. My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction(反应) to ____15____ just two coins were standing in the way.
I quickly realized that I was the only problem in this situation. I almost told my son what he had wasn’t enough by my inaction. I almost showed him that what he saw as a good thing, and was in fact a good thing, wasn’t good enough to make a ____16____ in someone’s life. I almost taught him that pride was more important than helping another human. Thank goodness I quickly dropped that foolishness.
I then rolled down the window and said, “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any cash on me, but my son back here wants to give you everything he ____17____ right now. He just turned five.”
The smile on that man’s face lit up the crossroad and he said to Justus, “Thank you so much!”
The only thing that ____18____ the brightness of that stranger’s smile after that moment was... the bigger smile on my boy’s face!
I also believed that a chain reaction of ____19____ started behind us that day, as other people rolled down their windows to help him, too.
My little boy, without even ____20____ it, reminded me once again by his actions that it was always about the heart. It doesn’t matter how much you have or how little; giving in love and sincerity is very important.
13. A. old B. strange C. ordinary D. homeless
14. A. joy B. surprise C. curiosity D. patience
15. A. losing B. receiving C. keeping D. finding
16. A. promise B. decision C. difference D. wish
17. A. believes B. wants C. has D. knows
18. A. matched B. lightened C. explained D. described
19. A. confidence B. kindness C. trust D. courage
20. A. refusing B. recognizing C. remembering D. realizing
【答案】13. D 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要通过儿子对一个流浪汉的善举让作者感悟到：给予爱和真诚是非常重要的。
【13题详解】
句意：我和5岁的儿子放学回来时，我们看到路边有一个无家可归的人。
old老的；strange奇怪的；ordinary普通的；homeless无家可归的；根据“My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction”可知，看到了一位“无家可归的人”，故选D。
【14题详解】
句意：我非常高兴他能高兴地做这件事。
joy高兴，喜悦；surprise吃惊；curiosity好奇心；patience耐心；根据“Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket.”可知，儿子坚持要做这件事情，因此他是高兴这样做的，故选A。
【15题详解】
句意：我自己的骄傲和对流浪汉在收到两枚硬币后的未知反应的想法阻碍了我。
losing失去；receiving收到；keeping保持；finding发现；根据“Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket.”以及“just two coins”可知，流浪汉会收到两枚硬币，故选B。
【16题详解】
句意：我差点让他明白，他眼中的好事，事实上确实是好事，并没有好到足以改变某人的生活。
promise承诺；decision决定；difference差别；wish祝愿；根据“what he saw as a good thing, and was in fact a good thing, wasn’t good enough to make a...in someone’s life.”可知，此处是make a difference in sth“在……方面有区别，对……产生影响”，故选C。
【17题详解】
句意：但我儿子现在想把他的一切都给你。
believes相信；wants想要；has有；knows知道；根据“Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket.”可知，儿子想要给这个人他所有的钱，故选C。
【18题详解】
句意：在那一刻之后，唯一能与那个陌生人的笑容相匹配的是……我儿子脸上露出更灿烂的笑容！
matched匹配；lightened减轻；explained解释；described描述；根据“the brightness of that stranger’s smile after that moment was... the bigger smile on my boy’s face!”可知，陌生人脸上的笑容与儿子脸上的笑容相匹配，故选A。
【19题详解】
句意：我还相信，那一天，我们身后也开始了一连串的善意反应，其他人也摇下车窗来帮助他。
confidence信心；kindness善良；trust相信；courage勇气；根据“as other people rolled down their windows to help him, too.”可知，作者的善良的行为之后是一连串的善意反应，故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：我的小男孩，甚至没有意识到，用他的行动再次提醒我，这永远是心的问题。
refusing拒绝；recognizing认出；remembering记住；realizing意识到；根据“reminded me once again by his actions that it was always about the heart.”可知，儿子没有意识到自己的行为对作者的触动，故选D。
三、阅读理解（每题2分, 共26分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
A
Humans are hurting the planet and destroying the environment. Change needs to happen at every level of society. We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.
What is Call to Earth Day?
Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection. Across TV and our website, there are stories about our amazing planet and the people who are protecting it.
How can I be involved?
Everyone is invited. We can all play a role in creating a movement for good. You have to do something to protect the environment. We are asking you to think big, get creative, and make your event influential.
What kind of event can I hold?
The event you choose to hold is up to you, but it should focus on creating a healthier planet. Here are some suggestions for where you can get started:
Screenings
Call to Earth has lots of beautiful and inspiring videos for you to watch and share.
Local clean ups
Whether it’s a beach, a river, a park or a street, get out there and help remove litter from your hometown.
Art projects
Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.
“How To…” sessions
Hold workshops or lessons on everyday skills like recycling and reducing food waste.
Visit our website for more information: www. calltoearthday. com
21. What is Call to Earth Day?
A. A movement. B. A festival. C. A TV program. D. An organization.
22. Why is Call to Earth Day held?
A. To teach children to become creative. B. To ask people to protect the environment.
C. To encourage others to work for the community. D. To tell the public the importance of social events.
23. In the event “Art projects”, you can ________.
A. watch and share beautiful videos B. teach everyday skills like recycling
C. encourage kids to create works of art D. help remove litter from your hometown
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍“呼吁地球日”的相关信息，呼吁人们保护环境。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection.”可知，“呼吁地球日”是一个强调环境保护的运动。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.”可知，举办“呼吁地球日”是为了呼吁大家为保护环境做点好事。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Art projects Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.”可知，“Art projects”鼓励孩子根据当地的环境创作艺术作品，故选C。
B
The perfect birthday present
Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man. It was half man, half machine and could transform into an airplane, a boat, and a racecar.
“Dad! Look!” Toby pointed to the television screen. “That’s what I want for my birthday. Can I get one? Please!”
“We’ll see.” Dad said. “Your birthday is only two weeks away. New toys like this can be hard to find sometimes.”
“Hard to find? But it’s on TV.”
Dad laughed, “That’s what will make it difficult to find. Everyone will be looking to buy it.”
“Everyone?” Toby thought. Well then, he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man. Someone would be able to find it then, right?
Before bed, Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.
For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do. His friends and family nodded and smiled as Toby went on and on about how it was the perfect birthday present.
The big day finally came. Toby got a lot of presents. He opened the first present. “A Super Robot man!” Toby was excited, but everyone else looked worried. “What’s wrong?” he asked.
Dad handed him a box. “I think you should open another present.”
Toby opened it. “Another Super Robot man?”
His father handed him more boxes. Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed. “I guess I got what I asked for.” He handed an action figure to each of his friends. “Now we all have one. Let’s go try them out.”
“You’re not upset?” Mom asked.
“Why would I be? I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”
24. What present did Toby want for his birthday?
A. Aracecar. B. An airplane. C. A boat. D. A Super Robot man.
25. What did Toby do to get his dream birthday present?
A. He called his friends to tell them what he wanted.
B. He kept talking about it with his family and friends.
C. He told his grandparents what he wanted in the invitation.
D. He wrote a note to tell his mother what he wanted for his birthday.
26. How did Toby feel after he opened all the presents?
A. Worried. B. Upset. C. Peaceful. D. Happy.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了Toby即将过生日，他想要一个超级机器人作为礼物，他在所有的邀请卡上都写了他想要的东西，最后他得到了很多超级机器人，他和他的朋友们都拿着机器人开心地去玩了。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man...That’s what I want for my birthday.”可知，Toby想要一个超级机器人，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据“he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man”以及“Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.”及“For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do...”可知，他一直跟他的家人和朋友谈论他想要的生日礼物，故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed.”以及“I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”可知，Toby打开所有的礼物后非常开心，故选D。
C
The world’s leading researchers are studying our senses. From the connection between taste and smell, to the idea of “scent（气味）training”, there’s so much more than we think to our sense of smell.
Your sense of smell is largely responsible for your ability to taste food. “Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell,” says a professor at the University of York, UK. “When you put something in your mouth, the molecules（分子）go into your nose. Maybe your tongue can tell there’s fat in that chocolate, and that’s something the brain finds very satisfying, but the formal chocolate experience comes from all the molecules going into your nose.”
Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents
That holds true across all age groups. This is because women are better at noticing a smell and better at describing it with language. Research shows that when people were asked to memorize eight scents and were then given a scent test, the women were better able to tell whether or not a scent was one of the ones that had been memorized. Women were also better at recognizing the scents by name.
Your eating habits may change because of the loss of smell
“You think, ‘I remember how this tasted in the past. I guess they don’t have the same tasty tomatoes or meat any more, ’”says a researcher. “But in fact, it’s your sense of smell that may be working less.” Losing the sense of smell is likely age-related or caused by a cold.
The loss of smell may even change people’s eating habits. Some people will lose interest in eating or don’t want to eat with their friends. Others will start eating lots of junk food, spices, salt, to try to make eating more enjoyable.
Scent training might protect our sense of smell
The loss of smell is not the end of the world. Some research suggests that scent training might protect our sense of smell. By breathing in strong smells on purpose for several weeks, people become more sensitive（敏感的）to all scents and improve their ability to smell. Researchers found the MRI brain images of people undergoing scent training got thicker in the parts of the brain responsible for dealing with the role of scent, which means it’s not just a nose that is trained, it’s the whole brain.
27. What is responsible for flavor when you eat something?
A. The teeth and brain. B. The nose and tongue.
C. The brain and nose. D. The tongue and teeth.
28. What can we know about the sense of smell from the passage?
A. Scent training can help men smell more things.
B. Women are more creative about naming scents.
C. Women are better than men at recognizing scents.
D. Brain training can improve men’s ability to smell.
29. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What you smell may not be real B. Unlock facts about the sense of smell
C. How to develop a good sense of taste D. More than you think to the sense of taste
【答案】27. B 28. C 29. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些与嗅觉有关的事实，介绍了嗅觉的作用以及功能。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell”可知，味道是一种将你舌头上的味道和气味结合起来的体验，故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents”可知，女人比男人更善于辨别气味 ，故选C。
【29题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些与嗅觉有关的事实，所以B选项“解开关于嗅觉的真相”符合本文标题，故选B。
D
It’s certainly good to be nice. Whether it’s helping a friend with homework, watching their favorite shows even if they’re not your thing or giving up a little time and energy to do something for a friend is a praiseworthy decision. Or, one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument, all to satisfy others and avoid further problems. Still, we need to control our niceness: niceness is valuable, but it’s definitely not without downsides.
To be clear. I’m not advocating（倡导）for selfishness. In fact, I’d encourage everyone to do small favors for the people they care about. Helping others makes us happy. It also gives us a greater sense of purpose and belonging, as we feel more connected to those we do favors for. The same goes for sacrificing （牺牲）a little on our part to end a disagreement, which might feel uncomfortable in the short term, but is in the end for the greater good.
Yet, we need to be careful about where our niceness comes from. When our desire（渴望）to help others comes from a need to be seen as a good or friendly person, our motivations （动机）become increasingly dangerous. For example, we might want others to relate to us, so we say that we like their favorite songs when we don’t. Being agreeable all the time makes us become a product of the people around us instead of having our own special personality.
Additionally, avoiding unreasonable agreeability is even more important. We can’t help offering to do too many favors because our desire to be seen as selfless and kind outweighs our worries for our own well-being. If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.
Agreeability crosses the experiences of all kinds of people, and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College, students are known for caring for others-offering to help their classmates with their studies. This common view of people’s willingness to help can put stress on Mudders to sacrifice their energy, even if they don’t have the skills to do so. Instead, they should remind themselves of their responsibilities, and then decide if they have the ability to lend a hand.
Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.
30. What does the underlined part “take the short end of the stick” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Say sorry first. B. Hit the other person. C. Suffer bad results. D. Make up for mistakes.
31. Unreasonable agreeability may stop us from ________.
A. viewing ourselves properly B. having a sense of belonging
C. developing social relationships D. caring about our own happiness
32. Why is “Harvey Mudd College” mentioned in the passage?
A. To spread the spirit of selflessness within communities.
B. To show an effect of widespread niceness in communities.
C. To criticize the students who sacrifice too much for others.
D. To explain responsibilities people should take within communities.
33. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. being nice can make people easily understood by others
B. being selfless helps people improve their social skills
C. people should think twice before saying “yes”
D. people who help others are more popular
【答案】30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C
【解析】
【导语】本文阐述了让善良成为一种习惯是一个光荣的目标，但是要学会量力而行，适度是关键，有时，牺牲太多可能弊大于利。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument”可知，成为一个大度的人，同意在争吵中接受批评，也就是先认错，所以短语“take the short end of the stick”指的是“先说对不起”，故选A。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“...If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.”可知，不合理的宜人性可能会阻止我们正确地看待自己，故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College...even if they don’t have the skills to do so.”可知，文章提到“Harvey Mudd College”是为了展示社区中普遍存在的善的影响，故选B。
【33题详解】
观点态度题。根据“Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.”可知，作者认为要学会量力而行，适度是关键，有时，牺牲太多可能弊大于利，故选C。
第二部分
本部分共6题, 共20分。根据题目要求, 完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（每题2分, 共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Could what you believe about yourself have an effect on your success or failure? According to Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, your beliefs play a key role in what you want and whether you achieve it. Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays an important role in deciding achievement and success. So, what exactly is a mindset? A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. It influences how you think, feel, and behave in any given situation.
According to Dweck there are two basic mindsets: fixed and growth. If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed. You may also believe that your talent and intelligence（智商）alone leads to success. And effort is not required. If you have a growth mindset, you believe that your talents and abilities can be developed over time through effort and determination（决心）. People with this mindset don’t necessarily believe that everyone can become Einstein or Mozart just because they try. They do, however, believe that everyone can get smarter or more talented if they work at it.
Your mindset plays an important role in how you deal with life’s challenges. When children have a growth mindset, they hunger for learning and have a desire to work hard and discover new things. This often translates into achievement in education. As adults, these same people are more likely to keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow. On the other hand, those with fixed mindsets are more likely to give up in the face of challenging situations. Dweck suggests that people should get rid of their fixed mindset. Here’s how:
● Focus on the journey. When building a growth mindset, it is important to see the value in your journey. When you’re fixated on the end result, you miss out on all the things you could be learning along the way.
● Add “yet” to your life. If you’re having trouble with a task, remind yourself that you just haven’t mastered it “yet”. Adding this word into your vocabulary shows that in the face of troubles, you can overcome （克服）anything.
● Pay attention to your words and thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with more positive ones to build a growth mindset.
● Take on challenges. Making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. So, instead of shying away from challenges, welcome them.
34. What is a mindset?
______________________________________________
35. Which mindset makes you believe your abilities can’t be changed?
______________________________________________
36. What do adults with a growth mindset think of difficulties?
______________________________________________
37. What are Dweck’s suggestions about developing a growth mindset?
______________________________________________
38. Someone says, “I’m not good at English, and I can do nothing about it.”
Is this an example of a growth mindset or a fixed mindset? Why?
______________________________________________
【答案】34. It is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.
35. The fixed mindset.
36. They view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow.
37. Focus on the journey; add “yet” to our life; pay attention to our words and thoughts; take on challenges.
38. It’s a fixed mindset. Because he thinks talent and intelligence alone leads to success. And effort is not required.
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了两种心态以及如何发展成长型心态。
【34题详解】
根据“A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.”可知，心态是一套塑造你如何理解世界和自己的信念，故填It is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.
【35题详解】
根据“If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed.”可知，如果你有一个固定的心态，你认为你的能力是固定的，因此不能改变；故填The fixed mindset.
36题详解】
根据“Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，具有成长型心态的成年人不会放弃，而是把它视为学习和成长的机会；故填They view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow.
【37题详解】
根据“Focus on the journey.”；“Add ‘yet’ to your life.”；“Pay attention to your words and thoughts.”和“Take on challenges.”可知，提出了4个建议；故填Focus on the journey; add “yet” to our life; pay attention to our words and thoughts; take on challenges.
【38题详解】
根据“If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed.”可知，这个人对自己的英语无能为力，而不努力，这种属于固定型心态；因为他认为英语需要智商和才能，不需要努力，故填It’s a fixed mindset. Because he thinks talent and intelligence alone leads to success. And effort is not required.
五、文段表达（10分）
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
39. 树立正确的劳动理念，才能懂得“一分耕耘一分收获”的道理。中学生要培养自己生活的技能和劳动的意识。
假如你是李华，学校要组织以“爱劳动，爱生活”为主题的烹饪技能大赛。
你想邀请你们班交换生Peter参赛。请用英语给他写封邮件，告诉他活动的时间和地点、邀请他参赛的原因以及你给他的建议。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● dining hall, excellent, cook, suggest, fried chicken
提示问题：
● When and where will the competition be held?
● Why will you invite Peter to enter the competition?
● What advice will you have for Peter?
Dear Peter,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the cooking competition___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Dear Peter,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the cooking competition. It will be held in the dining hall of our school at four o’clock next Friday. Since I know you are an excellent cook, I want to invite you to take part in it.
I am imagining all of the delicious dishes you have made for me in the past and wonder which one you can show during the competition. If you do decide to join the competition, I suggest you make your secret-recipe spicy fried chicken. That will surely impress the judges and show your unique cooking talent.
And I hope you can take first prize!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】1. 题干解读：题目要求给Peter写一封电子邮件邀请他参加烹饪技能大赛；要求包含所有提示内容。
2. 写作指导：此作文时态以一般现在时和一般将来时为主；采用第一人称和第二人称口吻；可采用三段落格式，第一段：告知对方比赛的时间和地点；第二段：阐述为什么邀请他参加比赛以及给他的建议；第三段：表达美好希望。
40. 责任是一种使命，一种素养， 一种美德。新时代的青少年要有迎难而上，挺身而出的担当精神。
某英文网站正在开展以“责任担当”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华， 请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享你在生活中有责任担当的经历， 以及你的收获。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● take care of, help, opportunity, proud
提示问题：
● What did you do to be responsible?
● What have you learned?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Last month, my parents were away on business for a week, and I was the only one who could take care of my grandpa. He is in his 80s and not very mobile. During that week, I helped him with shopping, cooking and cleaning. Actually, we had great fun together. At the same time, I still had to finish my schoolwork on time. When my parents returned, I was proud to tell them that I was of great help to grandpa.
That week was also really busy and tiring, but I got the opportunity to learn how to be responsible for my family. I love my parents and my grandpa and I will do all I can to make their lives better.
【解析】
【详解】1. 题干解读：题目要求根据提示要点，描写自己在生活中有责任担当的一次经历以及自己的收获等，可以适当的发挥。
2. 写作指导：写作时要紧扣主题，本文应该用第一人称来介绍内容；时态主要采用一般过去时；写作时要运用正确的英语表达，要选用恰当的词汇和短语；在介绍内容时，力求语言准确，内容完整，保证行文连贯，条理清晰。
2022北京西城初三二模
英 语
第一部分
本部分共33题, 共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中, 选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空（每题0. 5分, 共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mr. Brown enjoys cooking. ________ often makes delicious food for us.
A. He B. She C. We D. They
2. The train arrives ________ 9 o’clock, so we’d better set off now.
A. of B. in C. on D. at
3. —________ phone is it?
—It’s Mary’s.
A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Who
4. Tom has a gift for language and he ________ speak Chinese, French and German.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
5. It is an attractive story, ________ I don’t like the ending.
A. or B. because C. but D. so
6. The new library in our town is much ________than the old one.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
7. —Could you please turn down your music? I ________ the online lesson now.
—Sure. I’m sorry.
A. take B. am taking C. was taking D. have taken
8. —How was your weekend?
—It was busy! I ________ in my office the whole day.
A. am working B. work C. worked D. will work
9. I really love the film The Battle at Lake Changjin. I ________ it twice.
A. have watched B. watch C. am watching D. will watch
10. My neighbor ________ when I saw her in that park yesterday afternoon.
A. walked the dog B. is walking the dog C. was walking the dog D. has walked the dog
11. This famous market ________ by hundreds of people every day.
A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. was visited
12. —Do you know ________ the reading club tomorrow?
—Room 109.
A. where will we have B. where we had C. where did we have D. where we will have
二、完形填空（每题1分, 共8分）
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
I almost messed up “big time”.
My 5-year-old son and I were coming back from school when we saw a(n) ____13____ man on the side of the road. I wanted to give the man some money, but I didn’t have any cash(现金). My son Justus noticed the man as well. And then it happened...
Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket. I was more than happy that he wanted to do this with ____14____ . But honestly I was hesitant(犹豫不决的), I didn’t want to give this man who clearly needed all the help he could get, just 30 cents. My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction(反应) to ____15____ just two coins were standing in the way.
I quickly realized that I was the only problem in this situation. I almost told my son what he had wasn’t enough by my inaction. I almost showed him that what he saw as a good thing, and was in fact a good thing, wasn’t good enough to make a ____16____ in someone’s life. I almost taught him that pride was more important than helping another human. Thank goodness I quickly dropped that foolishness.
I then rolled down the window and said, “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any cash on me, but my son back here wants to give you everything he ____17____ right now. He just turned five.”
The smile on that man’s face lit up the crossroad and he said to Justus, “Thank you so much!”
The only thing that ____18____ the brightness of that stranger’s smile after that moment was... the bigger smile on my boy’s face!
I also believed that a chain reaction of ____19____ started behind us that day, as other people rolled down their windows to help him, too.
My little boy, without even ____20____ it, reminded me once again by his actions that it was always about the heart. It doesn’t matter how much you have or how little; giving in love and sincerity is very important.
13. A. old B. strange C. ordinary D. homeless
14. A. joy B. surprise C. curiosity D. patience
15. A. losing B. receiving C. keeping D. finding
16. A. promise B. decision C. difference D. wish
17. A. believes B. wants C. has D. knows
18. A. matched B. lightened C. explained D. described
19. A. confidence B. kindness C. trust D. courage
20. A. refusing B. recognizing C. remembering D. realizing
三、阅读理解（每题2分, 共26分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
A
Humans are hurting the planet and destroying the environment. Change needs to happen at every level of society. We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.
What is Call to Earth Day?
Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection. Across TV and our website, there are stories about our amazing planet and the people who are protecting it.
How can I be involved?
Everyone is invited. We can all play a role in creating a movement for good. You have to do something to protect the environment. We are asking you to think big, get creative, and make your event influential.
What kind of event can I hold?
The event you choose to hold is up to you, but it should focus on creating a healthier planet. Here are some suggestions for where you can get started:
Screenings
Call to Earth has lots of beautiful and inspiring videos for you to watch and share.
Local clean ups
Whether it’s a beach, a river, a park or a street, get out there and help remove litter from your hometown.
Art projects
Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.
“How To…” sessions
Hold workshops or lessons on everyday skills like recycling and reducing food waste.
Visit our website for more information: www. calltoearthday. com
21. What is Call to Earth Day?
A. A movement. B. A festival. C. A TV program. D. An organization.
22. Why is Call to Earth Day held?
A. To teach children to become creative. B. To ask people to protect the environment.
C. To encourage others to work for the community. D. To tell the public the importance of social events.
23. In the event “Art projects”, you can ________.
A. watch and share beautiful videos B. teach everyday skills like recycling
C. encourage kids to create works of art D. help remove litter from your hometown
B
The perfect birthday present
Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man. It was half man, half machine and could transform into an airplane, a boat, and a racecar.
“Dad! Look!” Toby pointed to the television screen. “That’s what I want for my birthday. Can I get one? Please!”
“We’ll see.” Dad said. “Your birthday is only two weeks away. New toys like this can be hard to find sometimes.”
“Hard to find? But it’s on TV.”
Dad laughed, “That’s what will make it difficult to find. Everyone will be looking to buy it.”
“Everyone?” Toby thought. Well then, he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man. Someone would be able to find it then, right?
Before bed, Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.
For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do. His friends and family nodded and smiled as Toby went on and on about how it was the perfect birthday present.
The big day finally came. Toby got a lot of presents. He opened the first present. “A Super Robot man!” Toby was excited, but everyone else looked worried. “What’s wrong?” he asked.
Dad handed him a box. “I think you should open another present.”
Toby opened it. “Another Super Robot man?”
His father handed him more boxes. Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed. “I guess I got what I asked for.” He handed an action figure to each of his friends. “Now we all have one. Let’s go try them out.”
“You’re not upset?” Mom asked.
“Why would I be? I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”
24. What present did Toby want for his birthday?
A. Aracecar. B. An airplane. C. A boat. D. A Super Robot man.
25. What did Toby do to get his dream birthday present?
A. He called his friends to tell them what he wanted.
B. He kept talking about it with his family and friends.
C. He told his grandparents what he wanted in the invitation.
D. He wrote a note to tell his mother what he wanted for his birthday.
26. How did Toby feel after he opened all the presents?
A. Worried. B. Upset. C. Peaceful. D. Happy.
C
The world’s leading researchers are studying our senses. From the connection between taste and smell, to the idea of “scent（气味）training”, there’s so much more than we think to our sense of smell.
Your sense of smell is largely responsible for your ability to taste food. “Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell,” says a professor at the University of York, UK. “When you put something in your mouth, the molecules（分子）go into your nose. Maybe your tongue can tell there’s fat in that chocolate, and that’s something the brain finds very satisfying, but the formal chocolate experience comes from all the molecules going into your nose.”
Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents
That holds true across all age groups. This is because women are better at noticing a smell and better at describing it with language. Research shows that when people were asked to memorize eight scents and were then given a scent test, the women were better able to tell whether or not a scent was one of the ones that had been memorized. Women were also better at recognizing the scents by name.
Your eating habits may change because of the loss of smell
“You think, ‘I remember how this tasted in the past. I guess they don’t have the same tasty tomatoes or meat any more, ’”says a researcher. “But in fact, it’s your sense of smell that may be working less.” Losing the sense of smell is likely age-related or caused by a cold.
The loss of smell may even change people’s eating habits. Some people will lose interest in eating or don’t want to eat with their friends. Others will start eating lots of junk food, spices, salt, to try to make eating more enjoyable.
Scent training might protect our sense of smell
The loss of smell is not the end of the world. Some research suggests that scent training might protect our sense of smell. By breathing in strong smells on purpose for several weeks, people become more sensitive（敏感的）to all scents and improve their ability to smell. Researchers found the MRI brain images of people undergoing scent training got thicker in the parts of the brain responsible for dealing with the role of scent, which means it’s not just a nose that is trained, it’s the whole brain.
27. What is responsible for flavor when you eat something?
A. The teeth and brain. B. The nose and tongue.
C. The brain and nose. D. The tongue and teeth.
28. What can we know about the sense of smell from the passage?
A. Scent training can help men smell more things.
B. Women are more creative about naming scents.
C. Women are better than men at recognizing scents.
D. Brain training can improve men’s ability to smell.
29. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What you smell may not be real B. Unlock facts about the sense of smell
C. How to develop a good sense of taste D. More than you think to the sense of taste
D
It’s certainly good to be nice. Whether it’s helping a friend with homework, watching their favorite shows even if they’re not your thing or giving up a little time and energy to do something for a friend is a praiseworthy decision. Or, one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument, all to satisfy others and avoid further problems. Still, we need to control our niceness: niceness is valuable, but it’s definitely not without downsides.
To be clear. I’m not advocating（倡导）for selfishness. In fact, I’d encourage everyone to do small favors for the people they care about. Helping others makes us happy. It also gives us a greater sense of purpose and belonging, as we feel more connected to those we do favors for. The same goes for sacrificing （牺牲）a little on our part to end a disagreement, which might feel uncomfortable in the short term, but is in the end for the greater good.
Yet, we need to be careful about where our niceness comes from. When our desire（渴望）to help others comes from a need to be seen as a good or friendly person, our motivations （动机）become increasingly dangerous. For example, we might want others to relate to us, so we say that we like their favorite songs when we don’t. Being agreeable all the time makes us become a product of the people around us instead of having our own special personality.
Additionally, avoiding unreasonable agreeability is even more important. We can’t help offering to do too many favors because our desire to be seen as selfless and kind outweighs our worries for our own well-being. If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.
Agreeability crosses the experiences of all kinds of people, and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College, students are known for caring for others-offering to help their classmates with their studies. This common view of people’s willingness to help can put stress on Mudders to sacrifice their energy, even if they don’t have the skills to do so. Instead, they should remind themselves of their responsibilities, and then decide if they have the ability to lend a hand.
Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.
30. What does the underlined part “take the short end of the stick” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Say sorry first. B. Hit the other person. C. Suffer bad results. D. Make up for mistakes.
31. Unreasonable agreeability may stop us from ________.
A. viewing ourselves properly B. having a sense of belonging
C. developing social relationships D. caring about our own happiness
32. Why is “Harvey Mudd College” mentioned in the passage?
A. To spread the spirit of selflessness within communities.
B. To show an effect of widespread niceness in communities.
C. To criticize the students who sacrifice too much for others.
D. To explain responsibilities people should take within communities.
33. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. being nice can make people easily understood by others
B. being selfless helps people improve their social skills
C. people should think twice before saying “yes”
D. people who help others are more popular
第二部分
本部分共6题, 共20分。根据题目要求, 完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（每题2分, 共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Could what you believe about yourself have an effect on your success or failure? According to Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, your beliefs play a key role in what you want and whether you achieve it. Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays an important role in deciding achievement and success. So, what exactly is a mindset? A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. It influences how you think, feel, and behave in any given situation.
According to Dweck, there are two basic mindsets: fixed and growth. If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed. You may also believe that your talent and intelligence（智商）alone leads to success. And effort is not required. If you have a growth mindset, you believe that your talents and abilities can be developed over time through effort and determination（决心）. People with this mindset don’t necessarily believe that everyone can become Einstein or Mozart just because they try. They do, however, believe that everyone can get smarter or more talented if they work at it.
Your mindset plays an important role in how you deal with life’s challenges. When children have a growth mindset, they hunger for learning and have a desire to work hard and discover new things. This often translates into achievement in education. As adults, these same people are more likely to keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow. On the other hand, those with fixed mindsets are more likely to give up in the face of challenging situations. Dweck suggests that people should get rid of their fixed mindset. Here’s how:
● Focus on the journey. When building a growth mindset, it is important to see the value in your journey. When you’re fixated on the end result, you miss out on all the things you could be learning along the way.
● Add “yet” to your life. If you’re having trouble with a task, remind yourself that you just haven’t mastered it “yet”. Adding this word into your vocabulary shows that in the face of troubles, you can overcome （克服）anything.
● Pay attention to your words and thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with more positive ones to build a growth mindset.
● Take on challenges. Making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. So, instead of shying away from challenges, welcome them.
34. What is a mindset?
______________________________________________
35. Which mindset makes you believe your abilities can’t be changed?
______________________________________________
36. What do adults with a growth mindset think of difficulties?
______________________________________________
37 What are Dweck’s suggestions about developing a growth mindset?
______________________________________________
38. Someone says, “I’m not good at English, and I can do nothing about it.”
Is this an example of a growth mindset or a fixed mindset? Why?
______________________________________________
五、文段表达（10分）
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
39. 树立正确的劳动理念，才能懂得“一分耕耘一分收获”的道理。中学生要培养自己生活的技能和劳动的意识。
假如你是李华，学校要组织以“爱劳动，爱生活”为主题的烹饪技能大赛。
你想邀请你们班交换生Peter参赛。请用英语给他写封邮件，告诉他活动的时间和地点、邀请他参赛的原因以及你给他的建议。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● dining hall, excellent, cook, suggest, fried chicken
提示问题：
● When and where will the competition be held?
● Why will you invite Peter to enter the competition?
● What advice will you have for Peter?
Dear Peter,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the cooking competition.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
40. 责任是一种使命，一种素养， 一种美德。新时代的青少年要有迎难而上，挺身而出的担当精神。
某英文网站正在开展以“责任担当”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华， 请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享你在生活中有责任担当的经历， 以及你的收获。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● take care of, help, opportunity, proud
提示问题：
● What did you do to be responsible?
● What have you learned?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、单项填空（每题0. 5分, 共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mr. Brown enjoys cooking. ________ often makes delicious food for us.
A. He B. She C. We D. They
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：布朗先生喜欢烹饪。他经常为我们做美味的食物。
考查代词辨析。He他；She她；We我们；They他们。根据“Mr. Brown enjoys cooking.”可知，用He代替Mr. Brown；故选A。
2. The train arrives ________ 9 o’clock, so we’d better set off now.
A. of B. in C. on D. at
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：火车9点到达。所以我们最好现在就出发。
考查介词辨析。at用于具体的钟点前；in用于年、月、季节等泛指的时间前；on用于具体的某一天前，或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前；of……的；根据“9 o’clock”可知，具体的钟点前用介词at，故选D。
3. —________ phone is it?
—It’s Mary’s.
A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Who
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这是谁的手机？——它是玛丽的。
考查特殊疑问句。Whose谁的；Which哪一个；What什么；Who谁；根据“It’s Mary’s.”可知，此处问的是“谁的手机”，应用whose提问，故选A。
4. Tom has a gift for language and he ________ speak Chinese, French and German.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：汤姆有语言天赋，他会说汉语、法语和德语。
考查情态动词。must必须；should应该；need需要；can能，会。根据“Tom has a gift for language...speak Chinese, French and German.”可知，此处表示会说汉语、法语和德语，故选D。
5. It is an attractive story, ________ I don’t like the ending.
A. or B. because C. but D. so
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：这是一个很吸引人的故事，但我不喜欢这个结局。
考查连词辨析。or或者；because因为；but但是；so因此。“It is an attractive story”和“I don’t like the ending.”在句意上是转折关系，所以用but连接。故选C。
6. The new library in our town is much ________than the old one.
A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们镇上的新图书馆比旧图书馆大得多。
考查比较级。根据“than”可知，需要比较级，故选B。
7. —Could you please turn down your music? I ________ the online lesson now.
—Sure. I’m sorry.
A. take B. am taking C. was taking D. have taken
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——请你把音乐关小点好吗？我现在正在上网课。——当然可以。我很抱歉。
考查时态。根据“the online lesson now.”可知，此处表达的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语是I，be动词用am，故选B。
8. —How was your weekend?
—It was busy! I ________ in my office the whole day.
A. am working B. work C. worked D. will work
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你的周末过得怎么样？——非常忙碌。我整天都在我的办公室里工作。
考查时态。根据“How was your weekend”可知此处表示过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。
9. I really love the film The Battle at Lake Changjin. I ________ it twice.
A. have watched B. watch C. am watching D. will watch
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢这部电影《长津湖》。我看了两遍。
考查时态。根据“twice”可知，此处强调的是“已经看过两遍了”，应用现在完成时，故选A。
10. My neighbor ________ when I saw her in that park yesterday afternoon.
A. walked the dog B. is walking the dog C. was walking the dog D. has walked the dog
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：昨天下午我在公园看到我的邻居在遛狗。
考查动词时态。根据“when I saw her in that park yesterday afternoon”可知，此处强调在公园看见邻居时正在进行的动作，事情发生在过去的时间，所以用过去进行时（was/were doing）。故选C。
11. This famous market ________ by hundreds of people every day.
A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. was visited
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：这个著名的市场每天有数百人参观。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“by hundreds of people every day”可知，是一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
12. —Do you know ________ the reading club tomorrow?
—Room 109.
A. where will we have B. where we had C. where did we have D. where we will have
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你知道明天我们在哪里举办读书俱乐部吗？——109房间。
考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句用陈述句语序”的原则，排除A、C选项；主句是现在时，从句时态不受限制，结合“tomorrow”可知，从句应用将来时，故选D。
二、完形填空（每题1分, 共8分）
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
I almost messed up “big time”.
My 5-year-old son and I were coming back from school when we saw a(n) ____13____ man on the side of the road. I wanted to give the man some money, but I didn’t have any cash(现金). My son Justus noticed the man as well. And then it happened...
Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket. I was more than happy that he wanted to do this with ____14____ . But honestly I was hesitant(犹豫不决的), I didn’t want to give this man who clearly needed all the help he could get, just 30 cents. My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction(反应) to ____15____ just two coins were standing in the way.
I quickly realized that I was the only problem in this situation. I almost told my son what he had wasn’t enough by my inaction. I almost showed him that what he saw as a good thing, and was in fact a good thing, wasn’t good enough to make a ____16____ in someone’s life. I almost taught him that pride was more important than helping another human. Thank goodness I quickly dropped that foolishness.
I then rolled down the window and said, “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any cash on me, but my son back here wants to give you everything he ____17____ right now. He just turned five.”
The smile on that man’s face lit up the crossroad and he said to Justus, “Thank you so much!”
The only thing that ____18____ the brightness of that stranger’s smile after that moment was... the bigger smile on my boy’s face!
I also believed that a chain reaction of ____19____ started behind us that day, as other people rolled down their windows to help him, too.
My little boy, without even ____20____ it, reminded me once again by his actions that it was always about the heart. It doesn’t matter how much you have or how little; giving in love and sincerity is very important.
13. A. old B. strange C. ordinary D. homeless
14. A. joy B. surprise C. curiosity D. patience
15. A. losing B. receiving C. keeping D. finding
16. A. promise B. decision C. difference D. wish
17. A. believes B. wants C. has D. knows
18. A. matched B. lightened C. explained D. described
19. A. confidence B. kindness C. trust D. courage
20. A. refusing B. recognizing C. remembering D. realizing
【答案】13. D 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要通过儿子对一个流浪汉的善举让作者感悟到：给予爱和真诚是非常重要的。
【13题详解】
句意：我和5岁的儿子放学回来时，我们看到路边有一个无家可归的人。
old老的；strange奇怪的；ordinary普通的；homeless无家可归的；根据“My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction”可知，看到了一位“无家可归的人”，故选D。
【14题详解】
句意：我非常高兴他能高兴地做这件事。
joy高兴，喜悦；surprise吃惊；curiosity好奇心；patience耐心；根据“Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket.”可知，儿子坚持要做这件事情，因此他是高兴这样做的，故选A。
【15题详解】
句意：我自己的骄傲和对流浪汉在收到两枚硬币后的未知反应的想法阻碍了我。
losing失去；receiving收到；keeping保持；finding发现；根据“Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket.”以及“just two coins”可知，流浪汉会收到两枚硬币，故选B。
【16题详解】
句意：我差点让他明白，他眼中的好事，事实上确实是好事，并没有好到足以改变某人的生活。
promise承诺；decision决定；difference差别；wish祝愿；根据“what he saw as a good thing, and was in fact a good thing, wasn’t good enough to make a...in someone’s life.”可知，此处是make a difference in sth“在……方面有区别，对……产生影响”，故选C。
【17题详解】
句意：但我儿子现在想把他的一切都给你。
believes相信；wants想要；has有；knows知道；根据“Justus insisted on giving the man the 30 cents he had in his pocket.”可知，儿子想要给这个人他所有的钱，故选C。
【18题详解】
句意：在那一刻之后，唯一能与那个陌生人的笑容相匹配的是……我儿子脸上露出更灿烂的笑容！
matched匹配；lightened减轻；explained解释；described描述；根据“the brightness of that stranger’s smile after that moment was... the bigger smile on my boy’s face!”可知，陌生人脸上的笑容与儿子脸上的笑容相匹配，故选A。
【19题详解】
句意：我还相信，那一天，我们身后也开始了一连串的善意反应，其他人也摇下车窗来帮助他。
confidence信心；kindness善良；trust相信；courage勇气；根据“as other people rolled down their windows to help him, too.”可知，作者的善良的行为之后是一连串的善意反应，故选B。
【20题详解】
句意：我的小男孩，甚至没有意识到，用他的行动再次提醒我，这永远是心的问题。
refusing拒绝；recognizing认出；remembering记住；realizing意识到；根据“reminded me once again by his actions that it was always about the heart.”可知，儿子没有意识到自己的行为对作者的触动，故选D。
三、阅读理解（每题2分, 共26分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
A
Humans are hurting the planet and destroying the environment. Change needs to happen at every level of society. We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.
What is Call to Earth Day?
Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection. Across TV and our website, there are stories about our amazing planet and the people who are protecting it.
How can I be involved?
Everyone is invited. We can all play a role in creating a movement for good. You have to do something to protect the environment. We are asking you to think big, get creative, and make your event influential.
What kind of event can I hold?
The event you choose to hold is up to you, but it should focus on creating a healthier planet. Here are some suggestions for where you can get started:
Screenings
Call to Earth has lots of beautiful and inspiring videos for you to watch and share.
Local clean ups
Whether it’s a beach, a river, a park or a street, get out there and help remove litter from your hometown.
Art projects
Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.
“How To…” sessions
Hold workshops or lessons on everyday skills like recycling and reducing food waste.
Visit our website for more information: www. calltoearthday. com
21. What is Call to Earth Day?
A. A movement. B. A festival. C. A TV program. D. An organization.
22. Why is Call to Earth Day held?
A. To teach children to become creative. B. To ask people to protect the environment.
C. To encourage others to work for the community. D. To tell the public the importance of social events.
23. In the event “Art projects”, you can ________.
A. watch and share beautiful videos B. teach everyday skills like recycling
C. encourage kids to create works of art D. help remove litter from your hometown
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍“呼吁地球日”的相关信息，呼吁人们保护环境。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Call to Earth Day is a movement that stresses environmental protection.”可知，“呼吁地球日”是一个强调环境保护的运动。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“We are holding Call to Earth Day to ask you to do something good to protect the environment.”可知，举办“呼吁地球日”是为了呼吁大家为保护环境做点好事。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Art projects Encourage kids to create works of art based on their local environment.”可知，“Art projects”鼓励孩子根据当地的环境创作艺术作品，故选C。
B
The perfect birthday present
Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man. It was half man, half machine and could transform into an airplane, a boat, and a racecar.
“Dad! Look!” Toby pointed to the television screen. “That’s what I want for my birthday. Can I get one? Please!”
“We’ll see.” Dad said. “Your birthday is only two weeks away. New toys like this can be hard to find sometimes.”
“Hard to find? But it’s on TV.”
Dad laughed, “That’s what will make it difficult to find. Everyone will be looking to buy it.”
“Everyone?” Toby thought. Well then, he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man. Someone would be able to find it then, right?
Before bed, Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.
For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do. His friends and family nodded and smiled as Toby went on and on about how it was the perfect birthday present.
The big day finally came. Toby got a lot of presents. He opened the first present. “A Super Robot man!” Toby was excited, but everyone else looked worried. “What’s wrong?” he asked.
Dad handed him a box. “I think you should open another present.”
Toby opened it. “Another Super Robot man?”
His father handed him more boxes. Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed. “I guess I got what I asked for.” He handed an action figure to each of his friends. “Now we all have one. Let’s go try them out.”
“You’re not upset?” Mom asked.
“Why would I be? I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”
24. What present did Toby want for his birthday?
A. Aracecar. B. An airplane. C. A boat. D. A Super Robot man.
25. What did Toby do to get his dream birthday present?
A. He called his friends to tell them what he wanted.
B. He kept talking about it with his family and friends.
C. He told his grandparents what he wanted in the invitation.
D. He wrote a note to tell his mother what he wanted for his birthday.
26. How did Toby feel after he opened all the presents?
A. Worried. B. Upset. C. Peaceful. D. Happy.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述了Toby即将过生日，他想要一个超级机器人作为礼物，他在所有的邀请卡上都写了他想要的东西，最后他得到了很多超级机器人，他和他的朋友们都拿着机器人开心地去玩了。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Toby watched the advertisement for the new Super Robot man...That’s what I want for my birthday.”可知，Toby想要一个超级机器人，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据“he’d tell everyone that he wanted a Super Robot man”以及“Toby called his grandparents and told them all about the Super Robot man. Then he added a note at the bottom of each party invitation so that all his friends would know he wanted a Super Robot man.”及“For two weeks, all he talked about was the Super Robot man and all the cool things it could do...”可知，他一直跟他的家人和朋友谈论他想要的生日礼物，故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Each one had a Super Robot man. Toby laughed.”以及“I got what I wanted, and now all my friends have one too. It was the perfect birthday.”可知，Toby打开所有的礼物后非常开心，故选D。
C
The world’s leading researchers are studying our senses. From the connection between taste and smell, to the idea of “scent（气味）training”, there’s so much more than we think to our sense of smell.
Your sense of smell is largely responsible for your ability to taste food. “Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell,” says a professor at the University of York, UK. “When you put something in your mouth, the molecules（分子）go into your nose. Maybe your tongue can tell there’s fat in that chocolate, and that’s something the brain finds very satisfying, but the formal chocolate experience comes from all the molecules going into your nose.”
Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents
That holds true across all age groups. This is because women are better at noticing a smell and better at describing it with language. Research shows that when people were asked to memorize eight scents and were then given a scent test, the women were better able to tell whether or not a scent was one of the ones that had been memorized. Women were also better at recognizing the scents by name.
Your eating habits may change because of the loss of smell
“You think, ‘I remember how this tasted in the past. I guess they don’t have the same tasty tomatoes or meat any more, ’”says a researcher. “But in fact, it’s your sense of smell that may be working less.” Losing the sense of smell is likely age-related or caused by a cold.
The loss of smell may even change people’s eating habits. Some people will lose interest in eating or don’t want to eat with their friends. Others will start eating lots of junk food, spices, salt, to try to make eating more enjoyable.
Scent training might protect our sense of smell
The loss of smell is not the end of the world. Some research suggests that scent training might protect our sense of smell. By breathing in strong smells on purpose for several weeks, people become more sensitive（敏感的）to all scents and improve their ability to smell. Researchers found the MRI brain images of people undergoing scent training got thicker in the parts of the brain responsible for dealing with the role of scent, which means it’s not just a nose that is trained, it’s the whole brain.
27. What is responsible for flavor when you eat something?
A. The teeth and brain. B. The nose and tongue.
C. The brain and nose. D. The tongue and teeth.
28. What can we know about the sense of smell from the passage?
A. Scent training can help men smell more things.
B. Women are more creative about naming scents.
C. Women are better than men at recognizing scents.
D. Brain training can improve men’s ability to smell.
29. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What you smell may not be real B. Unlock facts about the sense of smell
C. How to develop a good sense of taste D. More than you think to the sense of taste
【答案】27. B 28. C 29. B
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些与嗅觉有关的事实，介绍了嗅觉的作用以及功能。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Flavor（味道）is really an experience that joins what happens on your tongue with smell”可知，味道是一种将你舌头上的味道和气味结合起来的体验，故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Women out-perform men when both groups are asked to tell a certain number of scents”可知，女人比男人更善于辨别气味 ，故选C。
【29题详解】
最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些与嗅觉有关的事实，所以B选项“解开关于嗅觉的真相”符合本文标题，故选B。
D
It’s certainly good to be nice. Whether it’s helping a friend with homework, watching their favorite shows even if they’re not your thing or giving up a little time and energy to do something for a friend is a praiseworthy decision. Or, one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument, all to satisfy others and avoid further problems. Still, we need to control our niceness: niceness is valuable, but it’s definitely not without downsides.
To be clear. I’m not advocating（倡导）for selfishness. In fact, I’d encourage everyone to do small favors for the people they care about. Helping others makes us happy. It also gives us a greater sense of purpose and belonging, as we feel more connected to those we do favors for. The same goes for sacrificing （牺牲）a little on our part to end a disagreement, which might feel uncomfortable in the short term, but is in the end for the greater good.
Yet, we need to be careful about where our niceness comes from. When our desire（渴望）to help others comes from a need to be seen as a good or friendly person, our motivations （动机）become increasingly dangerous. For example, we might want others to relate to us, so we say that we like their favorite songs when we don’t. Being agreeable all the time makes us become a product of the people around us instead of having our own special personality.
Additionally, avoiding unreasonable agreeability is even more important. We can’t help offering to do too many favors because our desire to be seen as selfless and kind outweighs our worries for our own well-being. If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.
Agreeability crosses the experiences of all kinds of people, and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College, students are known for caring for others-offering to help their classmates with their studies. This common view of people’s willingness to help can put stress on Mudders to sacrifice their energy, even if they don’t have the skills to do so. Instead, they should remind themselves of their responsibilities, and then decide if they have the ability to lend a hand.
Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.
30. What does the underlined part “take the short end of the stick” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Say sorry first. B. Hit the other person. C. Suffer bad results. D. Make up for mistakes.
31. Unreasonable agreeability may stop us from ________.
A. viewing ourselves properly B. having a sense of belonging
C. developing social relationships D. caring about our own happiness
32. Why is “Harvey Mudd College” mentioned in the passage?
A. To spread the spirit of selflessness within communities.
B. To show an effect of widespread niceness in communities.
C. To criticize the students who sacrifice too much for others.
D. To explain responsibilities people should take within communities.
33. The writer probably agrees that ________.
A. being nice can make people easily understood by others
B. being selfless helps people improve their social skills
C. people should think twice before saying “yes”
D. people who help others are more popular
【答案】30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C
【解析】
【导语】本文阐述了让善良成为一种习惯是一个光荣的目标，但是要学会量力而行，适度是关键，有时，牺牲太多可能弊大于利。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“one might be the bigger person and agree to take the short end of the stick in an argument”可知，成为一个大度的人，同意在争吵中接受批评，也就是先认错，所以短语“take the short end of the stick”指的是“先说对不起”，故选A。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“...If you always support others emotionally, or help them with their studies, that habit might become part of how you view yourself. In other words, you see yourself as someone willing to lend a hand to others when they are in need.”可知，不合理的宜人性可能会阻止我们正确地看待自己，故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“and it can be especially true within communities where selflessness is important. From my experience at Harvey Mudd College...even if they don’t have the skills to do so.”可知，文章提到“Harvey Mudd College”是为了展示社区中普遍存在的善的影响，故选B。
【33题详解】
观点态度题。根据“Finally, making kindness a habit is an honorable goal. But as with all things, moderation（适度）is key, and sometimes, sacrificing a little too much can cause more harm than good.”可知，作者认为要学会量力而行，适度是关键，有时，牺牲太多可能弊大于利，故选C。
第二部分
本部分共6题, 共20分。根据题目要求, 完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（每题2分, 共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Could what you believe about yourself have an effect on your success or failure? According to Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, your beliefs play a key role in what you want and whether you achieve it. Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays an important role in deciding achievement and success. So, what exactly is a mindset? A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. It influences how you think, feel, and behave in any given situation.
According to Dweck there are two basic mindsets: fixed and growth. If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed. You may also believe that your talent and intelligence（智商）alone leads to success. And effort is not required. If you have a growth mindset, you believe that your talents and abilities can be developed over time through effort and determination（决心）. People with this mindset don’t necessarily believe that everyone can become Einstein or Mozart just because they try. They do, however, believe that everyone can get smarter or more talented if they work at it.
Your mindset plays an important role in how you deal with life’s challenges. When children have a growth mindset, they hunger for learning and have a desire to work hard and discover new things. This often translates into achievement in education. As adults, these same people are more likely to keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow. On the other hand, those with fixed mindsets are more likely to give up in the face of challenging situations. Dweck suggests that people should get rid of their fixed mindset. Here’s how:
● Focus on the journey. When building a growth mindset, it is important to see the value in your journey. When you’re fixated on the end result, you miss out on all the things you could be learning along the way.
● Add “yet” to your life. If you’re having trouble with a task, remind yourself that you just haven’t mastered it “yet”. Adding this word into your vocabulary shows that in the face of troubles, you can overcome （克服）anything.
● Pay attention to your words and thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with more positive ones to build a growth mindset.
● Take on challenges. Making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. So, instead of shying away from challenges, welcome them.
34. What is a mindset?
______________________________________________
35. Which mindset makes you believe your abilities can’t be changed?
______________________________________________
36. What do adults with a growth mindset think of difficulties?
______________________________________________
37. What are Dweck’s suggestions about developing a growth mindset?
______________________________________________
38. Someone says, “I’m not good at English, and I can do nothing about it.”
Is this an example of a growth mindset or a fixed mindset? Why?
______________________________________________
【答案】34. It is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.
35. The fixed mindset.
36. They view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow.
37. Focus on the journey; add “yet” to our life; pay attention to our words and thoughts; take on challenges.
38. It’s a fixed mindset. Because he thinks talent and intelligence alone leads to success. And effort is not required.
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了两种心态以及如何发展成长型心态。
【34题详解】
根据“A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.”可知，心态是一套塑造你如何理解世界和自己的信念，故填It is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.
【35题详解】
根据“If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed.”可知，如果你有一个固定的心态，你认为你的能力是固定的，因此不能改变；故填The fixed mindset.
36题详解】
根据“Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，具有成长型心态的成年人不会放弃，而是把它视为学习和成长的机会；故填They view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow.
【37题详解】
根据“Focus on the journey.”；“Add ‘yet’ to your life.”；“Pay attention to your words and thoughts.”和“Take on challenges.”可知，提出了4个建议；故填Focus on the journey; add “yet” to our life; pay attention to our words and thoughts; take on challenges.
【38题详解】
根据“If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed.”可知，这个人对自己的英语无能为力，而不努力，这种属于固定型心态；因为他认为英语需要智商和才能，不需要努力，故填It’s a fixed mindset. Because he thinks talent and intelligence alone leads to success. And effort is not required.
五、文段表达（10分）
从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
39. 树立正确的劳动理念，才能懂得“一分耕耘一分收获”的道理。中学生要培养自己生活的技能和劳动的意识。
假如你是李华，学校要组织以“爱劳动，爱生活”为主题的烹饪技能大赛。
你想邀请你们班交换生Peter参赛。请用英语给他写封邮件，告诉他活动的时间和地点、邀请他参赛的原因以及你给他的建议。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● dining hall, excellent, cook, suggest, fried chicken
提示问题：
● When and where will the competition be held?
● Why will you invite Peter to enter the competition?
● What advice will you have for Peter?
Dear Peter,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the cooking competition___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Dear Peter,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you about the cooking competition. It will be held in the dining hall of our school at four o’clock next Friday. Since I know you are an excellent cook, I want to invite you to take part in it.
I am imagining all of the delicious dishes you have made for me in the past and wonder which one you can show during the competition. If you do decide to join the competition, I suggest you make your secret-recipe spicy fried chicken. That will surely impress the judges and show your unique cooking talent.
And I hope you can take first prize!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】1. 题干解读：题目要求给Peter写一封电子邮件邀请他参加烹饪技能大赛；要求包含所有提示内容。
2. 写作指导：此作文时态以一般现在时和一般将来时为主；采用第一人称和第二人称口吻；可采用三段落格式，第一段：告知对方比赛的时间和地点；第二段：阐述为什么邀请他参加比赛以及给他的建议；第三段：表达美好希望。
40. 责任是一种使命，一种素养， 一种美德。新时代的青少年要有迎难而上，挺身而出的担当精神。
某英文网站正在开展以“责任担当”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华， 请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享你在生活中有责任担当的经历， 以及你的收获。
要求：不少于50词，所给提示词语仅供选用。
提示词语：
● take care of, help, opportunity, proud
提示问题：
● What did you do to be responsible?
● What have you learned?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Last month, my parents were away on business for a week, and I was the only one who could take care of my grandpa. He is in his 80s and not very mobile. During that week, I helped him with shopping, cooking and cleaning. Actually, we had great fun together. At the same time, I still had to finish my schoolwork on time. When my parents returned, I was proud to tell them that I was of great help to grandpa.
That week was also really busy and tiring, but I got the opportunity to learn how to be responsible for my family. I love my parents and my grandpa and I will do all I can to make their lives better.
【解析】
【详解】1. 题干解读：题目要求根据提示要点，描写自己在生活中有责任担当的一次经历以及自己的收获等，可以适当的发挥。
2. 写作指导：写作时要紧扣主题，本文应该用第一人称来介绍内容；时态主要采用一般过去时；写作时要运用正确的英语表达，要选用恰当的词汇和短语；在介绍内容时，力求语言准确，内容完整，保证行文连贯，条理清晰。
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