高考英语总复习课时质量评价5必修第一册 UNIT4 NATURAL DISASTERS含答案

课时质量评价(五)

必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS

题型组合练——阅读理解＋七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

(2021·山东重点中学联考)As my husband and I drove down a country road, we passed a fire station with a sign that read, “Are you ready for the next storm？” Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed trees and outages. We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world.

We have had our share of storms in the past — a snowstorm and other heavy snows that knocked down trees, sometimes up to a week at a time. Those days in a cold house weren't fun, but we learned so much from those early storms, things that made later storms easier to bear.

Now we have stored up flashlights, lanterns and candles. We bought a battery­operated radio to keep up with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we'd have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill (烤架) is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. And we don't forget to buy emergency chocolate! We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand.

We're ready for the next storm, but we wouldn't have learned to do all those things if we hadn't encountered a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big storms — the big trials — that will come our way. They can teach us some valuable lessons.

Are you ready for the next storm? Now is the time to get ready ... not when the storm arrives.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者一家经历过暴风雨后懂得了如何为下一次暴风雨做好准备。作者通过自身经历告诉我们要未雨绸缪，要为人生中出现的困境随时做好准备。

1. Which can replace the underlined word “outages” in Paragraph 1?

A. Weather change.

B. Virus spreading.

C. Power failure.

D. Emotional reaction.

C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句“We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world.”可知，作者和丈夫被困在黑暗中与外界失去联系。根据“in the dark”可以猜测“outages”意为“停电”。故选C。

2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. The lessons that storms can teach us.

B. The importance of being ready for storms.

C. The necessities the author bought for her daily life.

D. The preparations the author made for the next storm.

D　段落大意题。第三段主要提到作者一家准备了随时照明用的东西、电池，还有烤架、食物，汽车油箱也加满了油，手头还有应急现金。由此可知，第三段主要讲述了作者为以后的暴风雨所做的准备。故选D。

3. What does the author think of experiencing the past storms?

A. It was rewarding.

B. It was annoying.

C. It was thrilling.

D. It was frightening.

A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“but we wouldn't have learned to do all those things if we hadn't encountered a storm in the past”以及“They can teach us some valuable lessons.”可知，作者认为以前经历的暴风雨教会了他们一些重要的东西。由此可以推断，作者认为曾经经历过的暴风雨对他们是有益的。故选A。

4. What can we learn from the author's story?

A. Things will work out.

B. Keep something for a rainy day.

C. Don't stop regardless of the weather.

D. Sunshine always comes after the storm.

B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now is the time to get ready ... not when the storm arrives.”可知，作者认为现在要为以后的暴风雨做准备，而不是当暴风雨来临的时候才准备。由此可以推断，作者的故事告诉我们一定要未雨绸缪。故选B。

B

(2021·湖北八市高三联考)As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well­known research institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hopes of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

That strategy, called solar climate intervention (干预) or solar geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the sun's energy back into space — abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and fancied solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters.

But as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the consequence of climate change should become so terrible that the world can't wait for better solutions.

One way to cool the Earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer of the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away from the Earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.

“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet，” he said in an interview. What's still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of hurricanes？” he asked. “What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires？”

Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyse hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球气候变化带来各种灾难性的天气，政府和相关研究机构提出的各种可能的应对办法。

5. Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the Earth?

A. To prevent natural disasters.

B. To win more time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

C. To imitate volcanic eruptions.

D. To encourage more people to burn fossil fuels.

B　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容尤其是最后一句中的“in the hopes of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions”可知，研究者和政府机构给地球降温是为了赢得更多的时间来减少温室气体的排放。故选B。

6. What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?

A. More volcanoes will throw out.

B. More solar energy will go into space.

C. More disasters will endanger the future of the world.

D. People will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm.

C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the consequence of climate change should become so terrible that the world can't wait for better solutions”可知，研究者担心全球变暖造成的各种灾难可能会让未来的世界处于危险中。故选C。

7. What can be inferred from Douglas' words in an interview?

A. He thinks more research remains to be done.

B. He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the Earth.

C. He is concerned about the reduction in agriculture production.

D. He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention.

A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘What does it do to the strength of hurricanes？’ he asked. ‘What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires？’”可知，Douglas认为还有很多疑问没有解开，所以还有很多研究有待去做。故选A。

8. What do the underlined words “a sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?

A. The rainfall pattern of a region.

B. The modest drop in temperature.

C. The number of extreme weather events.

D. The injection amount of aerosol.

B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts”可知，人工降温的量要适度，既可以解决气候变暖带来的极端天气，又不会给气候造成太大的影响，因此“a sweet spot”指的是适度的降温。故选B。

Ⅱ. 七选五

Since the 1980s eco­tourism has grown and grown. It is the fastest growing type of tourism.

If done well, eco­tourism has several advantages. It is kinder to the environment.   1   This means that more natural habitat is protected and that the resources for building come from sustainable (可持续的) sources. Another advantage is that people in the developed world through eco­tourism get to experience places of great natural importance as well as communicating with local people.   2 

However, there are some disadvantages of eco­tourism. It is felt by some environmentalists that any human activity will cause disorder in the routine of animals.   3 

Another problem for local people is that they are expected to pose for cameras and dance, etc. for money.   4   The tourists are destroying the culture that they are paying to protect.

Eco­tourism tries to go to the places far away from other communities.   5   There is nothing stopping people taking money from tourists as well as doing environmentally unfriendly activities.

It seems that the disadvantages often outweigh the advantages of eco­tourism. It might be better to take pictures of animals rather than kill animals, but given the choice the animals would sooner not have people around. It seems whether eco­tourism should be allowed should be judged case­by­case, and that the local people must be considered.

A. These places are often not well policed.

B. People walking through the forest may do much harm.

C. And these activities will also damage the eco­system.

D. It seldom ends people to untouched parts of the world.

E. This is good for both parties: they both can better understand each other.

F. And it encourages developers to consider the natural environment more.

G. It discourages the local people from pursuing their traditional lifestyles.

1～5　FECGA

Ⅲ. 完形填空

My son left our home in California for Cornell University several days ago. Yesterday he called, saying he was feeling   1  . He had no   2   to go down to the dining hall because he had hardly   3   the whole night before due to food poisoning.

I googled and found a convenience store on campus. I immediately   4   and got Seth, the manager, on the phone. I explained the trouble and asked whether I could buy some items to be   5   in my son's room.

After hearing me out, Seth said, “I'm so sorry that your son is having such a(n)   6   start to the term. Don't worry. I'll   7   it for your son. What would you like to buy？”

I told him what I wanted and he   8   to send these things to my son as soon as he could. My son texted me within one hour that the things had been   9  . I was   10   to know he had some food at his bedside. Grateful, I called Seth to ask how much I owed him and that I could let my son   11   him later on.

“Forget it，” Seth said immediately. “We got this. Hope your son feels better soon.”

“Oh, no, no, I can't take your things for nothing，” I   12  ．

“You can send us some of the California sunshine，”  Seth replied   13  ， leaving me speechless and touched.

In fact, it is Seth who has given me   14   that will last a lifetime. He made sure my son's first week at college was warm and sunny, and helped him build   15   that the world is a friendly place.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的儿子在康奈尔大学因食物中毒而身体不适，作者联系到了学校便利店的经理塞斯，他帮作者给孩子选好食物并送到宿舍，但并未收取任何费用，作者倍感温暖，不胜感激。

1. A. ashamed　　　 B. disappointed

C. bored D. unwell

D　根据下文的“due to food poisoning”可知，由于食物中毒才感觉不舒服。故选D。

2. A. time B. courage

C. energy D. mood

C　根据下文的“the whole night before due to food poisoning”可知，由于食物中毒所以没有力气去餐厅吃饭。故选C。

3. A. slept B. eaten

C. moved D. recovered

A　根据空后的“the whole night before due to food poisoning”可知，由于食物中毒一晚上几乎没有睡觉。故选A。

4. A. went B. called

C. left D. replied

B　根据空后的“got Seth, the manager, on the phone”可知，“我”打电话给经理塞斯。故选B。

5. A. given back B. picked up

C. cleared away D. dropped round

D　根据下文的“send these things to my son”可知，把这些东西送给作者的儿子，drop sth. round ... 意为“把某物送至某处”。故选D。

6. A. hopeless B. unforgettable

C. different D. unpleasant

D　根据上文的“the whole night before due to food poisoning”可知，由于食物中毒而导致学期开始的时候不愉快。故选D。

7. A. arrange B. buy

C. keep D. order

A　根据下文的“send these things to my son as soon as he could”可知，塞斯为作者的儿子准备好了食物。arrange sth. for sb. 意为“为某人安排某事”。故选A。

8. A. claimed B. attempted

C. promised D. declined

C　根据下文的“send these things to my son as soon as he could”可知，塞斯应该是承诺尽自己所能把东西送到作者儿子那里。故选C。

9. A. prepared B. delivered

C. collected D. examined

B　根据下文的“he had some food at his bedside”可知，塞斯把东西送到了作者的儿子手里。故选B。

10. A. relieved B. proud

C. honoured D. astonished

A　根据空后的“he had some food at his bedside”可知，儿子床边有了一些食物，作者就放心了。故选A。

11. A. reward B. praise

C. pay D. remind

C　根据上句“I called Seth to ask how much I owed him”可知，作者想把塞斯给儿子买东西的钱给他。故选C。

12. A. insisted B. demanded

C. admitted D. complained

A　根据上句“Oh, no, no, I can't take your things for nothing”可知，作者坚持不白拿塞斯的东西。故选A。

13. A. shyly B. considerately

C. jokingly D. curiously

C　根据上句“You can send us some of the California sunshine”可知，这是塞斯开的玩笑。故选C。

14. A. confidence B. warmth

C. support D. inspiration

B　根据下文的“He made sure my son's first week at college was warm and sunny”可知，塞斯的行为让作者感到温暖。故选B。

15. A. expectation B. influence

C. determination D. faith

D　根据下文的“the world is a friendly place”可知，世界是一个友好的地方，这是一种信念。故选D。

Ⅳ. 应用文写作

假定你是李华，准备参加高校专项招生面试，请你就个人未来生涯规划用英语进行简短的介绍。内容包括：

1. 你想成为怎样的人；

2. 选择此大学及专业的理由；

3. 你的决心与愿望。

注意：词数80左右。

Good morning! I'm Li Hua.                                                                        

【参考范文】

Good morning! I'm Li Hua. Thanks for your offer. I feel greatly honoured to talk about myself here.

I have always wanted to be a useful person for our nation and society. It's because I have grown up healthy and happy due to my family's great care and love as well as the devotion of our government and the teachers. All this also accounts for why I choose Xiamen University, where I can major in Environmental Engineering. Another reason is my constant concern about the environmental protection and the improvement of people's living conditions.

I definitely hope I will be lucky enough to be admitted and I know I will try hard to shape myself into what I want to be.