2023届河南省部分重点中学高三下学期5月质量检测英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023届河南省部分重点中学高三下学期5月质量检测英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，其他应用文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023届河南省部分重点中学高三下学期5月质量检测英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Ever thought of creating a library with thousands of free books? It sounds impossible, but it’s not. Free books on nearly any subject you can think of are all over the internet, ready to be downloaded, read, and shared.
Librivox
If you’ve been looking for a great place to find free audiobooks, Librivox is a good place to start. The site has many volunteers that work to release quality recordings of classic books. All the titles here are absolutely free. Use the New Releases RSS feed with a feed reader service to stay on top of new additions.
ManyBooks
ManyBooks is one of the best resources on the web for free books in a variety of download formats. Unlike some sites, this one lets you browse (浏览) free books by language. You can also search by author and genre. Downloading books requires a free account login.
Free Computer Books
There are free textbooks, extensive lecture notes, and more. Some of the genres include computer and programming languages, computer science, data science, computer engineering, Java, and networking and communications. There are also many subgenres, giving you an easy way to find the book you’re after.
Authorama
Authorama offers a good selection of free books from a variety of authors, both current and classic. They’re organized alphabetically (按照字母顺序的) by the author’s last name and are written in HTML and XHTML. Most books here are featured in English, but there are quite a few German language texts as well. You don’t need a user account to read these titles online, and they’re all formatted nicely.
1．If one prefers listening to the books, which is the best choice?
A．Librivox. B．ManyBooks.
C．Free Computer Books. D．Authorama.
2．Which author will first appear on Authorama?
A．Mark Twain. B．Charles Dickens.
C．William Shakespeare. D．Ernest Hemingway.
3．What do we infer from the text?
A．We can create our own library by downloading free books on the internet.
B．You can search by language as well as author and genre on the web.
C．It’s hard to search because of too many subgenres on the internet.
D．It’s necessary to apply for a user account to read books on the websites.

FitzGerald is a 16-year-old long-distance runner from Devon, England, who has set a national record in the under-17s 3, 000 meters, but now she’s getting noticed for her commitment to saving the planet.
FitzGerald finished fourth in the under-20s race at the European Cross Country Championships in Italy last December, but her journey to get there made it even more impressive. To reach Turin in Italy, FitzGerald could have taken a quick flight. However, flying releases carbon dioxide. Instead, she took an overnight coach to Lille in France, then trains to first Paris, then Turin, cycling between stations. Despite her tiring journey, she beat athletes three years older than her.
FitzGerald turned down the chance to compete at the World Athletics Cross Country Championships in Bathurst, Australia. She told Athletics Weekly magazine that the decision wasn’t easy but that travelling fills her “with deep concern”. “To have the opportunity to compete for Great Britain in Australia is a privilege,” FitzGerald said. “However, I would never be comfortable flying in the knowledge that people could be losing their livelihoods, homes and loved ones as a result. The least I can do is voice my solidarity (团结一致) with those suffering on the front line of climate breakdown.”
FitzGerald’s refusal to fly has led people to compare her to the climate activist Thunberg, who once travelled to New York by boat. FitzGerald could travel by ship to Australia, but it would take her more than a month to get there. FitzGerald knows her choice to put the needs of the Earth first could affect her athletics career, but she has to act as if it’s an emergency.
Champions for Earth, an organization for environmentally-friendly athletes, said: “She is looking for sponsors and supporters who can help her with the more expensive public transport, accommodation and eco-friendly kit that she requires. It is clear that FitzGerald has the steely determination and focus, combined with the courage and clarity to face a reality quite different to athletes of previous generations.”
4．Why did FitzGerald make headlines?
A．Because she chose green transport instead of a flight to Italy.
B．Because she made a national record in 3, 000 meters in England.
C．Because she devoted all her time to eco-environment in England.
D．Because she won the champion in the cross country race in Italy.
5．What caused FitzGerald to refuse the competition in Australia?
A．Ungreen travelling. B．Tiring competing in Italy.
C．Changeable climate on the way. D．Affected athletics career.
6．What do FitzGerald and Thunberg have in common?
A．Acting immediately if there is an emergency.
B．Preferring taking the ship instead of the flight.
C．Spending all their life in protecting the environment.
D．Choosing the eco-friendly means of transportation.
7．Which can best describe FitzGerald according to Champions for Earth?
A．Honest and outgoing. B．Determined and concentrated.
C．Attractive and modest. D．Courageous and humorous.

Labelled as a vegetable for nutritional purposes, tomatoes are a good source of vitamin C． The fruits are commonly eaten raw in salads, served as a cooked vegetable, and used as an ingredient of various prepared dishes.
The wild species originated in the Andes Mountains of South America, probably mainly in Peru and Ecuador, and is thought to have been grown by humans in pre-Columbian Mexico; its name is from the Náhuatl (Aztec) word tomatl. The Spanish and Italians seem to have been the first Europeans to adopt it as a food. In France and northern Europe, the tomato was initially grown as a decoration plant but not edible food because botanists recognized it as a poisonous plant. Indeed, the roots and leaves of the tomato plant are poisonous and contain the neurotoxin solanine (神经毒素龙葵碱).
The Italians called the tomato pomodoro (“golden apple”), which has led to speculation that the first tomatoes known to Europeans were yellow but no evidence has been given to support it. Some scholars state firmly, however, that the tomato was at first taken to be a kind of eggplant, of which it is a close relative. The eggplant was called “apple of the Moors (摩尔人)” because it was a favorite vegetable of the Arabs.
Tomatoes were introduced to North America from Europe. Thomas Jefferson is known to have raised them at Monticello in 1781. The tomato was used for food in Louisiana as early as 1812, but not in the northeastern states until about 1835. It did not attain widespread popularity in the United States until the early 20th century. The plant is now grown commercially throughout the world.
8．What made French regard tomato as a decoration plant at first?
A．Low production. B．Bitter taste.
C．Wrong recognition. D．Poisonous root.
9．What is the underlined word “speculation” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Proof. B．Advice. C．Guess. D．Protest.
10．What can be inferred in Paragraph 4?
A．Tomatoes appeared earlier in North America than in Europe.
B．People didn’t eat tomatoes in the US until 1835.
C．Thomas Jefferson raised new species of tomatoes.
D．It took a long time before tomatoes became popular in the US.
11．Which is the best title of the text?
A．Tomato’s History and Development
B．The Nutritional Functions of Tomato
C．The Diverse Species of Tomato
D．Tomato’s Names and Relatives

Wildfire, or wildland fire, is the uncontrolled fire occurring in a forest, grassland or bushlands.
Fire danger in a wildland setting varies with weather conditions: drought, heat, and wind. Once a fire is burning, drought, heat, and wind all increase its intensity. Topography(地形) also affects wildfire, which spreads quickly uphill and slowly downhill. Dried grass, leaves, and light branches are considered flash fuels, and fire spreads quickly in them, often generating enough heat to burn heavier fuels such as tree stumps(树桩), heavy branches, and the organic matter of the forest floor. Such fuels, ordinarily slow to burn, are difficult to extinguish. Green fuels—growing vegetation-are not considered to catch fire easily, but an intense fire can dry out leaves and needles quickly enough to allow ready burning. Green fuels sometimes carry a special danger. Evergreens, such as pine and spruce(云杉), contain oils that easily burst into flames when heated sufficiently by the searing drafts(灼热的气流) of a forest fire.
Firefighting forces are specially trained to deal with wildfires. Aircraft were first used in fighting wildland fires in 1919. Now airplanes and helicopters are primarily used for dumping water, for observation, and occasionally for assisting in communication and transporting personnel, supplies, and equipment
Tools for fighting wildfires range from the standard equipment of urban fire departments to portable pumps, tank trucks, and earth-moving equipment. It can also change the fire’s direction as well as slowing its progress. They are maintained by public and private owners of forestlands. Such a force may attack a fire directly by spraying water, beating out flames, and removing vegetation at the edge of the fire to contain it behind a fire line. When the very edge is too hot to approach, a fire line is built at a safe distance, sometimes using strip (长条地带) burning to get rid of the fuel in the path of the uncontrolled fire.
12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．What causes wildfire to happen.
B．How topography affects wildfire intensity.
C．Why wildfire danger hides in green fuels.
D．Where wildfire often breaks out.
13．Why are pines considered to be a special danger?
A．Carrying thin leaves. A．When the fire dies down.
B．Having heavy branches.
C．Lacking enough water.
D．Containing some oil.
14．In what circumstance will strip burning be used?
A．When the fire dies down.
B．When the wind blows hard.
C．When the fuel burns uncontrollably.
D．When the pump works effectively.
15．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．An advertisement brochure.
B．A news report.
C．A sci-fi lecture,
D．A geography magazine.


二、七选五
Why are Chores Important for Children to Do?
You might hold back from assigning your children chores because they already have their hands full with homework and school activities. ____16____ Consider the benefits of chores.
You’ve often heard that a “family that prays together, stays together”, right? ____17____ When you and your children work together for the greater good of the family, you’ll draw closer together. Assigning your children chores show that you’re all working toward the same goal-drawing closer together as a family.
____18____ In fact, being involved at home helps them to thrive at school. It teaches self-discipline. They’ ll be better able to manage their time properly and deal with difficult situations. This helps them to handle school and household chores and put them in their proper place. It allows them to be balanced and prioritize what’s really important-contributing to the development of their family.
The best way to teach children how to appreciate what they have is to give them age-appropriate household chores. They’ll also learn to sympathize with you and learn what’s involved in making a home. ____19____ When you ensure that they have a hand in keeping the home organized and clean, they’ll appreciate and understand the sacrifices and hard work you put in at home daily.
When you assign your children age-appropriate household chores, you’re teaching them to be responsible. You won’t always be around to wash the dishes or set the table for them. They’ll have to assume that responsibility on their own, perhaps after leaving home. As a child growing up, you likely learned how to do things around the home from your parents. ____20____
A．Chores give them a sense of purpose and usefulness.
B．Doing household chores influence your child’s maturity.
C．The same applies when handling chores around the home.
D．Wouldn’t it be nice to pass on those skills to your children?
E．That’s understandable, but household chores can benefit your children.
F．It takes effort, time, and resources to do all the things around the home.
G．Children learn to cherish only with the experience of doing chores at home.


三、完形填空
Billy Ray Harris was a homeless old man. He often roamed (漫步) the streets holding an empty cup and asking strangers for spare ____21____.
At one point, a woman named Sarah Darling ____22____ him some money. But as she reached into the cup to ____23____ some loose change, her engagement ring fell into the cup as well without her ____24____.
When Harris found the ring, he was tempted (引诱) to ____25____ it. He went as far as having it appraised (评估). It was valued at $4, 000. ____26____, Harris couldn’t get himself to do it. In the end, he decided to ____27____ the ring to Darling after bumping (遇到) into her a few days later.
But this story doesn’t end there. Darling and her husband were so ____28____ that they decided to start a crowdfunding ____29____ with a goal of $1, 000 to help Harris get his _____30_____ back on track. But what the couple didn’t _____31_____ was the outpouring of support for Harris’ good deed. They were so moved that they donated more than what was _____32_____.
After running the crowdfunding campaign, Darling was able to _____33_____ more than $190, 000. Darling _____34_____ a lawyer who set up a trust for Harris. The money ended up toward Harris’ home and car. He’s now _____35_____ the rest of it to fix himself up.
The story caught mainstream _____36_____ so Harris was soon featured on the news. And thanks to the _____37_____, Harris’ family and friends — who hadn’t seen him for 16 years —were able to _____38_____ him down. All that time, they _____39_____ Harris was dead.
Harris is now happily _____40_____ with his family.
21．A．clothes B．fruit C．change D．bread
22．A．lent B．gave C．sent D．paid
23．A．take B．donate C．throw D．drop
24．A．knowledge B．commitment C．comfort D．impression
25．A．show B．hide C．sell D．share
26．A．Therefore B．However C．Meanwhile D．Besides
27．A．return B．hand C．post D．offer
28．A．honored B．touched C．confused D．embarrassed
29．A．business B．investment C．organization D．campaign
30．A．life B．work C．family D．study
31．A．hope B．notice C．consider D．expect
32．A．opposite B．essential C．necessary D．possible
33．A．pocket B．raise C．manage D．distribute
34．A．showed concern for B．learned from C．got in touch with D．heard of
35．A．wasting B．carrying C．maintaining D．using
36．A．attention B．imagination C．favor D．popularity
37．A．exploration B．exposure C．expansion D．expectation
38．A．take B．turn C．track D．calm
39．A．thought B．knew C．predicted D．investigated
40．A．compared B．involved C．combined D．reunited


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The birthplace of Beijing opera is China’s capital Beijing. As the most widely ____41____(recognize) type of Chinese opera in the world, Beijing Opera is regarded ____42____ the quintessence (精粹) of Chinese culture.
When performing Beijing Opera, artists follow the established formats of singing, reciting, acting and martial arts, ____43____ are the four core elements and skills of Beijing Opera. Usually, performers start practicing these four skills from ____44____ early age. Perseverance is the key to creating vivid characters on stage.
Beijing Opera combines ____45____(wonder) performance with elaborate costumes and makeup. The unique facial makeup art in Beijing Opera is called “Lianpu”. It uses a form of exaggeration (夸张) ____46____ (demonstrate) the personalities, psychological and physical features of the characters. Color patterns are painted on the performers’ faces, ____47____ (especial) on their eyebrows, eye sockets and the corners of their mouths. The face colors ____48____ (associate) with the characters’ personalities. For example, red means loyalty and hospitality, black shows fairness and justice; white indicates cunning and suspiciousness; blue suggests bravery; whereas gold and silver convey a sense of solemnity (严肃). Such facial makeup ____49____ (enable) the audience to better understand the characters and the plot.
Nowadays, the art of Beijing Opera facial makeup has also been applied in many creative cultural _____50_____ (product). Such special stationary, clothing and skincare facial masks are getting more and more popular around the world.


五、短文改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句话中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
You probably know the basics of being safe online: don’t give personal details to somebody you don’t know, and check trusting sites. When you experience online bullying (霸凌), the first thing to do is to tell a adult about what’s happening. If another person posts information that frightened you, you can report them to the social media or gaming platform where it happens. Being a good digital citizen is all what we should do. How you act online is just so important as how others treat you. Good digital citizen use online space positively, which means treating everybody online with kindness and respect. If you’ve shared with something you shouldn’t have, it’s never too late to say sorry and fix the situation. If you notice somebody is being cyberbullied, consider reporting it and getting touch with the person being treated bad to make sure they’re ok.

六、其他应用文
52．高中生活转瞬即逝, 回想一下我们的高中生活, 有哪个难忘的瞬间让你久久不能忘怀?假设你是李华, 你校英语报正在进行主题为”My most unforgettable moment“的征文活动, 请你给校英语报投稿, 内容包括:
1. 难忘瞬间;
2. 你的感受。
注意：1. 词数 100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
My most unforgettable moment
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个免费下载电子书的网站。
1．细节理解题。根据第小标题Librivox的内容“If you’ve been looking for a great place to find free audiobooks, Librivox is a good place to start. The site has many volunteers that work to release quality recordings of classic books.”（如果你一直在寻找一个寻找免费有声读物的好地方，Librivox是一个很好的开始。该网站有许多志愿者致力于发布高质量的经典书籍录音。）可知，如果一个人更喜欢听书，Librivox是最好的选择。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四个小标题Authoram的内容“They’re organized alphabetically (按照字母顺序的) by the author’s last name and are written in HTML and XHTML.”（它们按照作者的姓氏按字母顺序排列，并以HTML和XHTML格式书写。）可知，Authoram网站上的电子书是按照作者姓氏的首字母排序的，四个选项中，Charles Dickens的last name的首字母是D，Mark Twain的last name的首字母是T，William Shakespeare的last name的首字母是S，Ernest Hemingway的last name的首字母是H。可知，Charles Dickens将首先出现在Authorama上。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二个小标题ManyBooks的内容“Unlike some sites, this one lets you browse free books by language. You can also search by author and genre.”（与其他网站不同的是，这个网站允许你按语言浏览免费书籍。你也可以按作者和类型搜索。）可推知，在Manybooks网站，可以通过语言、作者和类型来浏览和搜索电子书。故选B项。
4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了16岁的越野长跑运动员FitzGerald是位环保主义者。为了减少碳排放，她不乘坐飞机，并因此放弃了在澳大利亚举行的越野长跑比赛。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“FitzGerald finished fourth in the under-20s race at the European Cross Country Championships in Italy last December, but her journey to get there made it even more impressive. To reach Turin in Italy, FitzGerald could have taken a quick flight. However, flying releases carbon dioxide. Instead, she took an overnight coach to Lille in France, then trains to first Paris, then Turin, cycling between stations. Despite her tiring journey, she beat athletes three years older than her.(去年12月，菲茨杰拉德在意大利举行的欧洲越野锦标赛上获得了20岁以下年龄组比赛的第四名，但她的旅程让她的成绩更加令人印象深刻。要到达意大利的都灵，菲茨杰拉德本可以快速飞行。然而，飞行会释放二氧化碳。于是，她坐了一整夜的长途汽车去了法国里尔，然后先坐火车去了巴黎，再去了都灵，在车站之间骑自行车。尽管路途疲惫，她还是击败了比她大三岁的运动员)”可知，FitzGerald成为头条新闻是因为她选择了绿色交通，而不是坐飞机去意大利。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, I would never be comfortable flying in the knowledge that people could be losing their livelihoods, homes and loved ones as a result. The least I can do is voice my solidarity (团结一致) with those suffering on the front line of climate breakdown.(然而，如果我知道人们可能因此失去生计、家园和亲人，我就永远不会安心飞行。我至少可以表达我对那些在气候崩溃前线受苦的人们的声援)”可知，FitzGerald拒绝参加澳大利亚的比赛，是因为去往澳大利亚需要乘坐飞机，此交通方式不环保。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“FitzGerald’s refusal to fly has led people to compare her to the climate activist Thunberg, who once travelled to New York by boat.(菲茨杰拉德拒绝坐飞机让人们将她与气候活动家Thunberg相提并论，Thunberg曾乘船前往纽约)”和第二段的“To reach Turin in Italy, FitzGerald could have taken a quick flight. However, flying releases carbon dioxide. Instead, she took an overnight coach to Lille in France, then trains to first Paris, then Turin, cycling between stations.(要到达意大利的都灵，菲茨杰拉德本可以快速飞行。然而，飞行会释放二氧化碳。于是，她坐了一整夜的长途汽车去了法国里尔，然后先坐火车去了巴黎，再去了都灵，在车站之间骑自行车)”可知，菲茨杰拉德和Thunberg的共同之处是他们都选择环保的交通工具。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“It is clear that FitzGerald has the steely determination and focus, combined with the courage and clarity to face a reality quite different to athletes of previous generations.(很明显，菲茨杰拉德有着钢铁般的决心和专注力，再加上勇气和清晰，能够面对与前几代运动员截然不同的现实)”可知，FitzGerald是有决心和专注的，可用determined和concentrated描述她，故选B。
8．C 9．C 10．D 11．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西红柿的历史和发展。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“In France and northern Europe, the tomato was initially grown as a decoration plant but not edible food because botanists recognized it as a poisonous plant.”（在法国和北欧，西红柿最初是作为装饰植物种植的，但不是可食用的植物，因为植物学家认为它是一种有毒的植物。）可知，西红柿最初只起装饰作用而不是用来食用，这是因为植物学家认为西红柿有毒。所以法国人最初仅把西红柿作为装饰是因为认知错误。故选C。
9．词意猜测题。根据第三段“The Italians called the tomato pomodoro(“golden apple”), which has led to speculation that the first tomatoes known to Europeans were yellow but no evidence has been given to support it”（意大利人称西红柿为pomodoro(“金苹果”)，这导致人们猜测欧洲人最早知道的西红柿是黄色的，但没有证据支持这一说法。）可知，在欧洲，第一个西红柿是黄色的说法是没有证据的，这只是人们的猜测。A项proof意为“证据”，B项advice意为“建议”，C项guess意为“猜测”，D项protest意为“抗议”，C符合题意。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thomas Jefferson is known to have raised them at Monticello in 1781. The tomato was used for food in Louisiana as early as 1812, but not in the northeastern states until about 1835. It did not attain widespread popularity in the United States until the early 20th century.”（据说托马斯·杰斐逊于1781年在蒙蒂塞洛养大了它们。早在1812年，番茄就在路易斯安那州被用作食物，但直到1835年左右，东北部各州才开始使用番茄。直到20世纪初，它才在美国广泛流行起来。）可知，美国最早种植西红柿是在1781年，后来直到20世纪中叶才开始广泛流行起来，由此判断，西红柿花了很长一段时间才在美国流行起来。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。本文第一段提到“Labelled as a vegetable for nutritional purposes, tomatoes are a good source of vitamin C. The fruits are commonly eaten raw in salads, served as a cooked vegetable, and used as an ingredient of various prepared dishes.”（西红柿被认为是一种营养丰富的蔬菜，富含维生素c。这种水果通常在沙拉中生吃，作为煮熟的蔬菜食用，也被用作各种准备好的菜肴的原料。）该段整体介绍了西红柿的基本情况，第二、三、四段则主要讲述了西红柿的历史和发展。B项意为“西红柿的营养”，C项意为“西红柿的多个品种”，D项意为“西红柿的名字和同类”。B、C和D项都在文中有所提及，但仅是西红柿的一个方面。A项“Tomato’s History and Development”（西红柿的历史和发展），该项符合文意。故选A。
12．A 13．D 14．C 15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了山火的形成以及扑灭方法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Fire danger in a wildland setting varies with weather conditions: drought, heat, and wind. Once a fire is burning, drought, heat, and wind all increase its intensity. Topography(地形) also affects wildfire, which spreads quickly uphill and slowly downhill. Dried grass, leaves, and light branches are considered flash fuels, and fire spreads quickly in them, often generating enough heat to burn heavier fuels such as tree stumps(树桩), heavy branches, and the organic matter of the forest floor. Such fuels, ordinarily slow to burn, are difficult to extinguish. Green fuels—growing vegetation-are not considered to catch fire easily, but an intense fire can dry out leaves and needles quickly enough to allow ready burning. Green fuels sometimes carry a special danger. Evergreens, such as pine and spruce(云杉), contain oils that easily burst into flames when heated sufficiently by the searing drafts(灼热的气流) of a forest fire.”（在野外环境中，火灾的危险随天气条件而变化：干旱、炎热和大风。一旦火燃烧起来，干旱、高温和风都会增加它的强度。地形也会影响山火，山火上坡蔓延快，下坡缓慢。干草、树叶和轻树枝被认为是易燃的燃料，火灾在这些燃料中蔓延得很快，通常会产生足够的热量来燃烧较重的燃料，如树桩、重树枝和森林地面的有机物。这种燃料通常燃烧缓慢，很难熄灭。绿色燃料——正在生长的植物——被认为不容易着火，但强烈的大火可以迅速干燥树叶和针叶，以便随时燃烧。绿色燃料有时会带来特殊的危险。常青树，如松树和云杉，含有的树油在森林火灾的灼热气流的充分加热下很容易起火。）可知，第二段主要讲的是野火发生的原因。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Green fuels sometimes carry a special danger. Evergreens, such as pine and spruce, contain oils that easily burst into flames when heated sufficiently by the searing drafts of a forest fire.”（绿色燃料有时会带来特殊的危险。常青树，如松树和云杉，含有的树油在森林火灾的灼热气流的充分加热下很容易起火。）可知，松树含有的树油在被森林大火的灼热气流充分加热时很容易起火。松树自身含有的油脂容易引起火灾，所以松树被看做是个危险的存在。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段的“When the very edge is too hot to approach, a fire line is built at a safe distance, sometimes using strip burning to get rid of the fuel in the path of the uncontrolled fire.”（当边缘太热而无法接近时，在安全距离处建立一条火线，有时使用条状燃烧带来去除不受控制的火灾路径上的燃料。）内容可知，使用条形燃烧带是为了清除失控大火的燃烧物。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据全文的内容可知，此文本主要介绍了山火的形成以及扑灭方法，涉及地形地貌、植物以及自然灾害的防范，因此这段文字可能取自一本地理杂志。故选D项。
16．E 17．C 18．B 19．F 20．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了做家务对于孩子很重要的四个方面的原因，家务劳动可以使家庭和谐，使孩子变得成熟，有责任感以及懂得感恩和珍惜。
16．根据前文“You might hold back from assigning your children chores because they already have their hands full with homework and school activities. (你可能不给你的孩子分配家务，因为他们已经被家庭作业和学校活动填满了。) ”可知，空前提出了你不给孩子分配家务用的原因是因为他们忙于学业，故E选项“这是可以理解的，但是做家务有益于你的孩子。”符合语境，与下文内容相关联，在此处起到了承上启下的作用。故选E项。
17．根据前文的“You’ve often heard that a “family that prays together, stays together”, right? (你经常听人说‘一家人一起祈祷，永远在一起’，对吧?)”以及后文的“Assigning your children chores show that you’re all working toward the same goal-drawing closer together as a family. (给你的孩子分配家务，这表明你们都在朝着同一个目标努力——拉近家庭的距离。)”可知，在处理家务方面所有家人也应一起承担。C选项“The same applies when handling chores around the home.(这同样适用于处理家庭琐事。) ”中的“The same”指代的是前文的内容。故选C项。
18．此空位于段首，通过下文内容“In fact, being involved at home helps them to thrive at school. It teaches self-discipline.(事实上，作家务能帮助他们在学校成长，它教会他们自律。)”可知，本段主要说明了做家务能帮助孩子自律，学会平衡学业和家务间的矛盾，由此看见，做家务可以使孩子更快地成熟。故B项“Doing household chores influence your child’s maturity. (做家务会影响孩子的成熟)”。故选B项。
19．分析本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了做家务能够使孩子具有同情心和感恩之心，且根据空前“They’ll also learn to sympathize with you and learn what’s involved in making a home. (他们还能学会和你共情，并且了解到共建一个家庭需要什么。)”可知，做家务需要精力、时间和资源等，孩子只有参与做家务才能了解家长的辛苦，因此E项“It takes effort, time, and resources to do all these things around the home.(在家里做这些事情需要精力、时间和资源。)”。故选F项。
20．此空位于段尾，通过前文内容可知做家务教会孩子如何变得有责任心，由前文的“As a child growing up, you likely learned how to do things around the home from your parents. (作为一个成长中的孩子，你可能从父母那里学会了如何在家里做事。)”内容可知，父母可以把自己在孩子时期学到的技能传递给孩子，故D项“把这项技能传递给孩子不好吗？”符合语境。故选D项。

21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。故事讲述了无家可归的Billy Ray Harris在行乞时误收了善良的Sarah Darling女士价值4000美金的订婚戒指，几天后归还给Sarah Darling夫妇。夫妇二人心存感激，在网上发起了一个众筹活动为他筹集资金，不仅让他有了家，还让他和失散多年的家人和朋友最终重逢。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他经常拿着空杯子在街上闲逛，向陌生人要零钱。A. clothes衣服；B. fruit水果；C. change零钱；D. bread面包。根据下文“At one point, a woman named Sarah Darling ___2___ him some money. But as she reached into the cup to ___3___ some loose change”可知，Billy是一个流浪汉，在街上乞讨，向陌生人要零钱。故选C项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，一个名叫Sarah Darling的女士给了他一些钱。A. lent借给；B. gave给予；C. sent寄出；D. paid支付。根据上文“Billy Ray Harris was a homeless old man. He often roamed (漫步) the streets holding an empty cup and asking strangers for spare ____1____. ”以及下文“But as she reached into the cup to ____3____ some loose change”可知，Billy是一个流浪汉，在街上乞讨，Sarah在他的杯子里放钱，是给Harris一些钱。故选 B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当她把手伸进杯子里去放一些零钱的时候，她的订婚戒指也在她不知情的情况下掉进了杯子里。A. take拿走；B. donate捐献；C. throw扔掉；D. drop 投下，放下。根据上文“He often roamed (漫步) the streets holding an empty cup and asking strangers for spare __1___. ”以及句意可知，Sarah往杯子里放零钱。故选D项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就在她伸手往杯子里去放一些零钱的时候，她的订婚戒指在她不知情的情况下也掉进了杯子里。A. knowledge知道，知晓；B. commitment承诺；C. comfort舒服，安慰；D. impression印象。根据语境以及下文“Darling and her husband were so ___8___ that they decided to start a crowdfunding ___9___ with a goal of $1, 000 to help Harris get his ___10___ back on track.”可知，Sarah在放钱时，并不知道自己的戒指掉到杯子里面了。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Harris发现戒指后，很想把它卖掉。A. show展示；B. hide隐藏；C. sell出售；D. share分享。根据下文“He went as far as having it appraised (评估). It was valued at $4, 000. ____6____”可知，Harris 还去找人评估了戒指价值，可知他想卖掉戒指。故选C项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Harris 无法说服自己这么做。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Besides此外。由上文“When Harris found the ring, he was tempted (引诱) to ____5____ it. He went as far as having it appraised (评估). It was valued at $4, 000.”以及下文“Harris couldn’t get himself to do it.”可知上下文之间为转折关系。故选 B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，在几天后偶然遇见Darling后，他决定把戒指还给她。A. return归还；B. hand递，给；C. post邮寄；D. offer提供。根据下文“But what the couple didn’t ____11____ was the outpouring of support for Harris’ good deed. They were so moved that they donated more than what was ____12____.”可知，Harris把戒指归还给了Darling。故选A项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Darling和她的丈夫非常感动，他们决定发起一项众筹活动，目标是 1000 美元，帮助 Harris的生活回到正轨。A. honored荣幸的；B. touched受感动的；C. confused困惑的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上下文语境可知，Harris把戒指主动归还给 Darling，所以 Darling 夫妇深受感动。故选B项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Darling和她的丈夫非常感动，他们决定发起一项众筹活动，目标是 1000 美元，帮助 Harris的生活回到正轨。A. business生意；B. investment投资；C. organization组织；D. campaign活动。根据下文“After running the crowdfunding campaign”可知，Darling夫妇为Harris在网上发起了一项活动来筹集资金。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Darling和她的丈夫非常感动，他们决定发起一项众筹活动，目标是 1000 美元，帮助 Harris的生活回到正轨。A. life生活；B. work工作；C. family家庭；D. study学习。根据下文“The money ended up toward Harris’ home and car. He’s now ____15____ the rest of it to fix himself up.”可知，Darling夫妇发起众筹是为了帮助Harris生活步入了正轨。故选A项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这对夫妇没有想到的是，Harris的善行得到了大量的支持。A. hope希望；B. notice注意；C. consider考虑；D. expect预料，预计。根据上文“they decided to start a crowdfunding ____9____ with a goal of $1, 000 to help Harris get his ____10____ back on track”以及下文“They were so moved that they donated more than what was ____12____.”可知Darling夫妇在发起活动前，并未想到会得到这么多人的支持。故选D项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们非常感动，捐款超过了所需数额。A. opposite相反的；B. essential重要的；C. necessary需要的，必需的；D. possible可能的。根据上文“they decided to start a crowdfunding ____9____ with a goal of $1, 000 to help Harris get his ____10____ back on track”以及下文“After running the crowdfunding campaign, Darling was able to ____13____ more than $190, 000. Darling ____14____ a lawyer who set up a trust for Harris. The money ended up toward Harris’ home and car. He’s now ____15____ the rest of it to fix himself up.”可知人们捐助的钱超过帮助 Harris的生活回到正轨所需要的钱。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在进行众筹活动后，Darling筹集了超过19万美元。A. pocket赚取；B. raise筹集；C. manage管理；D. distribute分发。根据上文“they decided to start a crowdfunding ___9___ with a goal of $1, 000 to help Harris get his ___10___ back on track”可知，Darling夫妇发起众筹活动是为了给Harris筹集钱。故选B项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Darling联系了一个律师为Harris设立了一个信托基金。A. showed concern for关心；B. learned from向……学习；C. got in touch with联系；D. heard of听说。根据语境以及空后的“who set up a trust for Harris”可知，Darling联系了一名律师把筹集的钱设立了一个信托基金。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他现在用剩下的钱来把自己安顿好。A. wasting浪费；B. carrying携带；C. maintaining维持；D. using使用。根据语境以及句意可知，Harris用剩下的钱安顿好自己。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事引起了主流媒体的注意，Harris很快就上了新闻。A. attention注意；B. imagination想象；C. favor喜爱；D. popularity欢迎。根据空后“so Harris was soon featured on the news”可知Harris的故事引起了主流媒体的注意，上了新闻。故选 A项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了报道，Harris的家人和朋友——他们已经16年没见过他了——终于找到了他。A. exploration探索；B. exposure(在电视、报纸等上的)亮相，被报道；C. expansion扩大；D. expectation期待。根据上文“The story caught mainstream ____16____ so Harris was soon featured on the news.”可知，Harris的故事被媒体报道。故选B项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了报道，Harris的家人和朋友——他们已经16年没见过他了——终于找到了他。A. take记下,记录；B. turn转动,翻动，转身；C. track追踪，跟踪；D. calm使平静，使镇静。根据空前“And thanks to the ____17____, Harris’ family and friends — who hadn’t seen him for 16 years”以及下文“Harris is now happily ____20____ with his family.”以及下文“All that time, they ___19___ Harris was dead.”可知，家人和朋友已经16年未见到Harris，本以为他已经死了，现在由于媒体报道Harris故事而终于找到他，动词短语track...down“跟踪找到；追查到”符合语境。故选 C项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一直以来，他们都以为Harris死了。A. thought认为；B. knew知道；C. predicted预测；D. investigated调查。根据上文“And thanks to the ____17____, Harris’ family and friends — who hadn’t seen him for 16 years —were able to ____18____ him down.”可知，家人十六年后才有Harris的消息，之前一直认为他已经不在人世。故选A项。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Harris现在和家人快乐地团聚了。A. compared比较；B. involved卷入，牵涉；C. combined结合；D. reunited(使)重逢，再次相聚。根据上文“And thanks to the ____17____, Harris’ family and friends — who hadn’t seen him for 16 years —were able to ____18____ him down.”可知，Harris的家人找到了他，一家人团聚了。故选D项。

41．recognized 42．as 43．which 44．an 45．wonderful 46．to demonstrate 47．especially 48．are associated 49．enables 50．products

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国影响最大的戏曲剧种——京剧的相关常识。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，京剧被看作中国的“国粹”。分析句子结构可知，recognize在句中作定语，修饰名词type，与其逻辑主语type之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语，故填recognized。
42．考查介词。句意同上。regard...as...是固定搭配，意为“认为……是……”，句中使用了其被动语态be regarded as...，意为“被认为……”，故填as。
43．考查定语从句。句意：挡在表演京剧时，艺术家遵循着一套规范化的艺术表现形式，唱、念、做、打，这些都是京剧表演艺术的核心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“singing, reciting, acting and martial arts”，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该定语从句，故填 which。
44．考查冠词。句意：通常，对于一个京剧演员来说，这四项也是从小就必须练习的基本功。an early age“早年；年纪还小时”，故填an。
45．考查形容词。句意：京剧将精彩的表演与精美的服装和精致的妆容结合在一起。此空在句中作定语，修饰名词performance，应用形容词wonderful，意为“精彩的”，故填 wonderful。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：它用夸张的手法表现剧中人的性格、心理和生理上的特征。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作目的状语，故应用动词不定式，故填to demonstrate。
47．考查副词。句意：京剧脸谱是京剧演员在脸上的绘画，演员们尤其会在眉毛、眼窝、嘴角等部位填充颜色，勾画图案。此空在句中作状语，故应用副词especially，意为“尤其，特别”，故填especially。
48．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：脸谱与剧中人物的性格有着密切关系。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作谓语，“be associated with”为固定搭配，意为“与……有关”，句中主语colors是复数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式，故填 are associated。
49．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：变化多端的脸谱能让内行的观众快速了解人物的角色与剧情的发展。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作谓语，主语为such facial makeup，是不可数名词，此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填enables。
50．考查名词。句意：如今，京剧脸谱艺术也被应用在许多创意文化产品中。提示词作宾语，用名词product，根据前文的many可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填products。
51．1. trusting→trusted
2. a→an
3. frightened→frightens
4. them→it
5. what→that
6. so→as
7. citizen→citizens
8. 删除with
9. 在getting后加in
10. bad→badly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述我们每个人都要注意网络安全，特别是遇到网络霸凌时应如何应对，信息时代做一名合格的网民是我们应尽的义务。
【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能知道网上安全的基本原则：不要把个人信息告诉你不认识的人，浏览信任的网站。名词sites与动词trust之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词trusted作前置定语修饰名词sites，意为“被信任的”。故将trusting改为trusted。
2. 考查冠词。句意：当你经历网络霸凌时，首先要做的是告诉一个成年人正在发生的事情。adult为可数名词，句中指“一个成年人”为泛指，名词adult起始音为元音音素，应用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。
3. 考查时态。句意：如果其他人发布了让你害怕的信息，你可以向社交媒体或游戏平台举报。句子结构分析可知，if条件句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词information，根据从句“If another person posts information”可知此句为一般现在时态，在此定语从句中，that指代先行词information作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数frightens。故将frightened 改为frightens。
4. 考查代词。句意：如果其他人发布了让你害怕的信息，你可以向社交媒体或游戏平台举报。此句为主从复合句，主句中report的宾语指的是if条件句中的“posts information that frightened you”，用代词it。故将them改为it。
5. 考查定语从句。句意：做一个好的数字公民是我们应该做的。定语从句中先行词为不定代词all，关系词指代先行词all在定语从句中作do的宾语，应用关系代词that。故将what改为that。
6. 考查固定搭配。句意：你在网上的行为和别人对待你的方式一样重要。此句为肯定句，在肯定句中表示“和……一样……”用as...as...，so...as...用于否定句，不用于肯定句。故将so改为as。
7. 考查名词复数。句意：优秀的数字公民积极地使用网络空间，这意味着善待和尊重网上的每个人。citizen是一个可数名词，根据句子结构以及句意分析可知，此处表复数概念，citizen用复数形式。故将citizen改为citizens。
8. 考查动词的用法。句意：如果你分享了一些不该分享的东西，说抱歉并解决问题永远不会太迟。为“share sth”表示“分享……”，符合句意，share为及物动词。故将share后面的with删掉。
9. 考查固定短语。句意：如果你注意到有人被网络欺凌，考虑举报，并与被虐待的人取得联系，以确保他们没事。固定短语get in touch with sb意为“与某人取得联系”，符合句意。故在getting后面加in。
10. 考查副词。句意：如果你注意到有人被网络欺凌，考虑举报，并与被虐待的人取得联系，以确保他们没事。修饰过去分词treated，应用副词。故将bad改为badly。
52．参考答案：
My most unforgettable moment
It was a time when everything looked dark and I had no hope at all. Seeing the marks on the papers, I was nervous and low in spirits, afraid of letting my parents down because of my average academic performance. When I was at a loss and on the point of giving up, my head teacher, Mrs. Liu, asked me to go to her office. Instead of blaming me, she comforted me and discussed with me the reasons for failing in the exam. More unforgettably, she patiently listened to my story and gave me hope and strength. She is the rock I can lean on to become strong and to get through the tough times.
I will never forget that moment, the moment I will treasure forever.
【导语】这是一篇应用文写作。要求学生为校英语报写一篇主题为”My most unforgettable moment“的文章，记录自己高中生活久久不能忘怀的难忘瞬间。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
紧张的：nervous→anxious
害怕：afraid of→fear
依靠：lean on→depend on
珍惜：treasure→cherish
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句：
原句：More unforgettably, she patiently listened to my story and gave me hope and strength. She is the rock I can lean on to become strong and to get through the tough times.
复合句：More unforgettably, she patiently listened to my story and gave me hope and strength, who is the rock I can lean on to become strong and to get through the tough times.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Seeing the marks on the papers, I was nervous and low in spirits, afraid of letting my parents down because of my average academic performance.（现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]When I was at a loss and on the point of giving up, my head teacher, Mrs. Liu, asked me to go to her office.（when引导的时间状语从句）