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北京市东城区2023届高三二模英语试题 Word版含解析
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这是一份北京市东城区2023届高三二模英语试题 Word版含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A， n 20等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市东城区2022—2023学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二)
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One October morning, I planned to take Honey, my dog, out with me. We live in a___1___area up in the hills. Our driveway is barely wide enough for one car, with a ravine (深沟) on one side. While I was starting the car slowly, a flash of sunlight___2___me. I put my hand up to block the sunlight. Suddenly, the car slipped in the soft soil, and rolled down the ravine. After several rolls, we___3___upside down. I was stuck and felt a sharp pain in my chest. I looked over to find Honey. Luckily, she was okay.
We were at least 50 feet down. Just as I’d___4___, my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.
Calm down! It old myself. At least I could get Honey out of here. Painfully, I reached over and picked her up and___5___put her through a broken window. “Go home, baby.” She jumped to the ground and raced up the side of the ravine.
I could do nothing but sit there for hours. The last bit of light faded away.
Slam! Was that a car door? “Help!” I shouted with all my___6___.
“Mike! Where are you?” It was Robin, my closest neighbor, who lived two miles downhill from me.
Half an hour later, the rescue crew___7___and rushed me to the hospital.
The next day Robin brought Honey to the hospital. She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled (依偎) close. With her there, it was like my pain___8___. “I got home from work and Honey was waiting for me,” Robin said. “She got___9___and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!” Robin figured he’d bring Honey back to my____10____, and that’s when he heard me shout.
Honey, my life-saving hero!
1. A. crowded B. new C. popular D. remote
2. A. covered B. blinded C. burnt D. warned
3. A. landed B. circled C. drove D. pulled
4. A. hesitated B. feared C. agreed D. doubted
5. A. actively B. constantly C. gently D. secretly
6. A. courage B. wisdom C. patience D. strength
7. A. called B. arrived C. formed D. searched
8. A. returned B. spread C. froze D. disappeared
9 A. confused B. disappointed C. anxious D. bored
10. A. house B. car C. hospital D. office
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在山区发生车祸，手机也没有信号，于是把自己的狗Honey先救了出去，结果Honey叫来了邻居，从而让作者得救了。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们住在山上的一个偏远地区。A. crowded拥挤的；B. new新的；C. popular流行的；D. remote遥远的。根据后文“area up in the hills”可知是住在遥远的山区。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我慢慢地发动汽车时，一道阳光照得我睁不开眼睛。A. covered覆盖；B. blinded使失明；C. burnt燃烧；D. warned警告。根据后文“I put my hand up to block the sunlight.(我举起手挡住阳光)”可知，阳光刺眼，作者睁不开眼睛，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻了几圈后，我们倒着着陆了。A. landed着陆；B. circled环绕；C. drove驾驶；D. pulled拉。根据上文“After several rolls, we”指作者翻车最后头朝下着陆了。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我所担心的，我的手机收不到信号。A. hesitated犹豫；B. feared恐惧；C. agreed同意；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.”可知，由于位置偏远，所以和作者担心的一样担心的，手机收不到信号。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我痛苦地伸手把她抱起来，轻轻地把她从一扇破窗户里塞了出去。A. actively活跃地；B. constantly持续地；C. gently温柔地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“put her through a broken window”可知，玻璃碎了，所以动作轻。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全力叫喊。A. courage勇气；B. wisdom智慧；C. patience耐心；D. strength力量。根据上文““Help!” I shouted with all my”指作者用尽全力求救，故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：半小时后，救援人员赶到，把我紧急送往医院。A. called打电话；B. arrived到达；C. formed形成；D. searched搜索。根据后文“and rushed me to the hospital”指救援人员赶到，把作者紧急送往医院。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了她，我的痛苦就消失了。A. returned返回；B. spread传播；C. froze冻结；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled close.(她在床上紧挨着我，依偎在我身边)”指有了狗的陪伴，作者的痛苦也消失了。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她变得焦虑起来，绕着圈子跑，好像她想告诉我什么！A. confused困惑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. bored厌倦的。根据后文“and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!”指狗非常焦虑，绕着圈子跑，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Robin想他会把Honey带回我家，就在那时他听到了我的呼喊。A. house房子；B. car汽车；C. hospital医院；D. office办公室。Honey是作者的狗，所以是带回作者家里。故选A。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day_____11_____(celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of_____12_____(get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization_____13_____(decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being.
【答案】11. has been celebrated
12. getting
13. decides
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是国际博物馆日。
【11题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自1977年以来，国际博物馆理事会每年都会庆祝这一天，以提高人们对博物馆在社会发展中所起作用的认识。由Since 1977可知，句子时态用现在完成时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语this day是单数，因此空格处是has been celebrated，故填has been celebrated。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一天是让更多的年轻一代对博物馆的历史和文化感兴趣的好方法。fo是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填getting。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每年，该组织都会决定一个新的主题。由Every year可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语organization是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填decides。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist.
_____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely_____15_____ (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste_____16_____(item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare.
【答案】14. What
15. ignored
16. items
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的艺术之旅作者我成为了一名环保主义者。
【14题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：当我们从不同的角度思考时，我们认为浪费的东西可能是有用的。分析句子结构可知，本句为主语从句。从句缺少宾语补足语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
【15题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然在很大程度上被忽视，但被丢弃的材料为我们艺术家提供了大量的资源，让它们重获新生。Although引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同时，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。从句省略了they were，所以用动词的过去分词形式。故填ignored。
【16题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在我的手中，玻璃瓶、塑料袋和其他废物变成了一种可持续的艺术形式。other后常接复数名词。故填items。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can_____17_____(mental) travel across time and space.
But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.____18____(make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those_____19_____screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.
【答案】17. mentally
18. To make
19. on 20. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阅读是一种独特的人类体验。阅读时，我们应该尽可能地阅读纸质书。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：只要我们的眼睛掠过一些单词，我们就可以在精神上穿越时空。根据句意和所给形容词mental分析句子可知，空格处应该填入mental的副词形式mentally作状语，修饰谓语动词。故填mentally。
【18题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了让阅读变得更容易、更有意义，你最好尽可能地阅读纸质书。根据句意和所给动词make分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式to make作目的状语。故填To make。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：这样做的一个原因是，与屏幕上的单词相比，我们的眼睛更不太可能跳过印刷的单词。根据句意和空格后的名词screen可知，空格处应该填入介词on和名词screen搭配，on screen（在屏幕上）。故填on。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此外，在实体页面上浏览内容有助于大脑对信息进行心理映射，这反过来又使其更容易在未来记住细节。根据句意分析句子可知， in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.是一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替前面句子的内容在从句中作主语，所以，应该用关系代词which。故填which。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Pacific Science Center fieldtrips have gone virtual! Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (课程) and arouse their curiosity. PacSci’s educators join your classroom live from our Curiosity Studio, and lead students through live sessions featuring some of your favorite STEAM activities. Each program is 40 minutes long. We may be able to accommodate shorter or longer programs to fit your needs!
AVAILABLE PROGRAMS
Piece of Mind
Cost: $ 300
Maximum Number of Participants: 40
Best for Grades: 6-10
Description: Be inspired by the power of the brain as students learn how it controls memory, movement, and sight. Discover how the brain functions through live activities and fun puzzles, and see a real human brain sample!
Stick the Landing
Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions)
Maximum Number of Participants: 30
Best for Grades: 9-12
Description: Over the course of 3 sessions, use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model of a Mar slander. Dive into past and future missions to Mars and carefully consider the criteria and restrictions for real Mars missions. Learn how engineers are just one of the many careers that contribute to complex solar system missions.
Night Sky Tonight
Cost Varies by Group Size
·1-99 participants: $ 250
·100-199 participants: $ 350
·200+participants: $550
Maximum Number of Participants: Unlimited
Best for Grades: 3-12
Description: Become a true backyard astronomer. Learn how living on a giant spinning ball changes what can be seen each night. Discover how to find stars, and even how the sky can be used to find directions!
Ecosystem Investigators
Cost: $ 200
Maximum Number of Participants: 50
Best for Grades: 3-8
Description: Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment. Using new knowledge about ecosystem interactions, become a wetland scientist and explore the relationship between organisms in a real pond sample. For more details, please check out our Program Requirements.
21. What can we learn about Pacific Science Center fieldtrips?
A. Each program is for one certain grade.
B. The expense for each program varies.
C. The length for each program is unchangeable.
D. Every program has a max number of participants.
22 Cooperation is needed in the program .
A. Piece of Mind B. Stick the Landing
C. Nigh tSky Tonight D. Ecosystem Investigators
23. The passage is intended for .
A. tour guides B. research scientists
C. school teachers D. program designers
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是太平洋科学中心的课程的一些程序。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据每一个程序中的介绍中的“Cost: $ 300(费用：300美元)”，“Cost: $500(费用：$500)”，“Cost Varies by Group Size·1-99 participants: $ 250·100-199 participants: $ 350·200+participants: $550(费用因团队规模而异·1-99人：250美元·100-199人：350美元·200人以上：550美元)”，“Cost: $ 200(费用：200美元)”可知，这些程序的费用各不相同，故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ecosystem Investigators部分的“Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment.(作为一个团队，创建一个虚拟的生态系统模型，揭示生物和非生物部分如何在水生环境中连接和相互作用)”可知，需要合作的程序是Ecosystem Investigators，故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (课程) and arouse their curiosity.(为您的学生带来PacSci实地考察的乐趣和兴奋，同时为他们提供丰富的课程内容，以增强您的课程并激发他们的好奇心)”可知，本文是给老师写的，故选C。
B
Run by Society for Science, Regeneron Science Talent Search is a premier science and math competition for high-school seniors. One of the winners of this year is 17-year-oldE than Wong, who tries to improve existing technology. His focus: airplanes.
Nearly all planes have a tail. The tail keeps the plane’s nose from suddenly changing direction during a turn. The structure adds stability but weighs the plane down. Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. But there’s a catch. Those wings must twist(弯曲) in a very precise way that makes them hard to produce.
Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.
“Essentially what I did was just trial and error,” Ethan says. Using a computer model of an airplane wing, he adjusted the angle of twist along the wing until it could achieve tailless flight. Usually, such a wing requires a continuous distribution of wing twist. But he could achieve a similar effect with wings that had just a few sections of twist. “It’s super easy to make,” Ethan says.
In his garage, Ethan built model airplanes using rubber materials and packing tape totes this design. “Seeing the plane in the air was pretty cool,” Ethan says. “It just flew really, really well.”
Lighter, more efficient planes could open the door to other air travel innovations. “It’s been a long-term goal of mine to build a solar plane that can fly through the day powered by solar panels on its wings,” Ethan says. “It is absolutely possible for a really efficient plane.”
To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”
24. What is one advantage of the tailless airplane?
A. It makes aircraft design easier.
B. It is environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces production costs.
D. It promotes flight stability.
25. What drew Ethan’s attention to the tailless airplane design?
A. The breakthrough in aircraft materials.
B. The flight of an aircraft in a video.
C. The prize for original design.
D. The desire for innovation.
26. In Ethan’s opinion, what help inventors realize their dreams?
A Ambition and efficiency.
B. Enthusiasm and responsibility.
C. Passion and determination.
D. Confidence and independence.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国再生元科学天才奖的获奖者——Ethan Wong，他的研究方向是无尾设计的飞机，介绍了其设计思路等。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. (无尾设计的飞机机翼可以起到与机尾相同的作用，还可以减少航空旅行的环境成本。)”可知，无尾设计的飞机机翼可以减少航空旅行的环境成本，也就是更为环保。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.(当Ethan看到NASA的Prandtl-D飞机没有尾翼优雅地在空中滑翔的视频时，他被这种飞机设计迷住了。“我只是觉得这真的很酷，” Ethan说。他想知道是否能找到一种更简单的方法来实现同样的无尾飞行。)”可知，Ethan之所以开始研究无尾飞机是因为他看到了一段视频，视频里的飞机没有尾翼却优雅地在空中滑翔。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”(对于其他有重大工程想法的青少年，Ethan总是说：“永远不要放弃。”即使有些机器让人感觉无法理解，它也能帮助我们记住，世界上最伟大的发明家也是人类。Ethan补充道：“同时，要确保你热爱你所做的一切。这将使追求一切变得容易得多。”)”可知，Ethan认为发明家想要实现自己的梦想不要放弃，也就是要有毅力；同时要热爱自己所做的一切，也就是要有热情。故选C。
C
Besides the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was also responsible for the theory of emotion, the most important principle of which was that the mind consists of two competing forces, the rational(理性的)and the emotional. He believed emotions played a part in the lives of non-human animals, but in humans emotions were a very small remaining part whose usefulness had been largely replaced by the evolution of reason.
This theory dominated his field for more than a century, but it was dead wrong. We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.
Consider a pioneering 2020 study in which researchers analyzed the work of 118 professional traders at four investment banks. Some were highly successful, but many were not. The researchers’ goal was to understand what differentiated the two groups. Their conclusion? The traders had different attitudes toward emotions.
The relatively less successful traders for the most part denied that emotions had an effect on their decision-making. The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion. Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down. The issue for them was not how to avoid emotion, but how to harness it.
If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work? Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you aren’t. People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time. As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.
The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.
27. Based on the study, successful traders would .
A. reveal their hidden emotions
B owe their success to emotions
C. review decisions depending on emotions
D. examine their actions influenced by emotions
28. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Control and use. B. Analyse and release.
C. Face and adapt to. D. Understand and accept.
29. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is the best example of Ralph Adolphs’ words?
A. Confidence may expose one to more chances.
B. Depression will consume one’s energy.
C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.
D. Optimism will affect one’s health.
30. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. The contributing factors to emotions.
B. The workable strategies of emotions.
C. The working principle of emotions.
D. The constructive role of emotions.
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍情绪对人类有很大的影响，会影响人们的决策，有助于人们的理性推理。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion.(相比之下，最成功的交易员则持不同的态度。他们非常愿意反思自己受情绪驱使的行为。他们认识到情绪和好的决策是有联系的。他们承认情绪对于高绩效是必要的，他们倾向于批判性地反思情绪的作用。)”可知，成功的交易员愿意审视自己受情绪驱使的行为。故选D。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文可知，成功的交易员更愿意审视自己受情绪驱使的行为。再根据划线单词上文“Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down.(虽然成功的交易员接受了情绪所扮演的积极和重要的角色，但他们明白，当情绪变得过于强烈时，知道如何缓和它们是有用的。)”可知，成功的交易员接受了情绪的作用，但是他们知道如何缓和情绪。由此判断，问题不在于如何避免情绪，而在于如何去处理或者驾驭。选项A“Control and use (控制和利用)”；选项B“Analyse and release (分析和释放)”；选项C“Face and adapt to (面对和适应)”；选项D“Understand and accept (理解和接受)”。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.”(正如加州理工学院的神经学家Ralph Adolphs所说：“每种情绪都是一种心理功能状态，它使你的大脑处于一种特定的运作模式，调整你的目标，引导你的注意力，并在你进行心理计算时修改你分配给各种因素的权重。”)”以及引文上一句“People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time.(人们通常不会意识到这一点，但他们的思维过程的框架受到他们当时的感受的高度影响。)”可知，人们的思维过程会受到当时的情绪的影响，因此也会调整目标或行为。与这种说法相一致的是选项C“C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.(愤怒可能导致一个人冒险。)”指的正是如果当时愤怒，你就会在愤怒的情绪下调整自己的行为。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.(我们现在知道，相反，情绪会增强我们的推理过程，帮助我们做出决策。事实上，如果不受情绪的影响，我们就无法做出决定，甚至无法思考。)”以及文章最后一段“The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.(这种关于情感的新观点可能与达尔文的观点不一致，但它确实支持了达尔文进化论的一个基本结论：人类与非人类动物的区别并不像人们所认为的那样大。想过得更好吗？重视和调节你的情绪。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是情绪对人类所起的建设性作用。故选D。
D
September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Most professors expressed concern. One wrote, “Grading something an AI wrote is an incredibly depressing waste of my life.”
As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell you confidently that the technology just isn’t there. My students used free accessible text generators online and put in a lot of effort. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best would have earned somewhere around a C or C-minus. Many of the essays had obvious red flags for AI generation: outdated facts, quotes from prior university presidents presented as current presidents, fictional professors and named student organizations that don’t exist. At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.
There has been a fair amount written about the supposed impressiveness of AI-generated text. There are even several high-profile AI-written articles, essays or even scientific papers or screenplays that showcase this impressiveness. In many of these cases, the “authors” have access to higher-quality language models than most students are currently able to use. But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.
My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.
It has been just over five years since computer scientists declared, “We should stop training radiologists(放射科医生) now. Deep learning is going to do better than radiologists.” Well, we’re still training radiologists, and there’s no indication that deep learning is going to replace human doctors anytime soon. In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”.
31. What can we learn about the students in the experiment?
A. Their writing efficiency was affected.
B. Their essays were better structured.
C. They preferred AI-written essays.
D. They overcame AI’s weaknesses.
32. What does the author imply in Paragraph 3?
A. Online text generators are far from reliable.
B. Genuine student essays deserve higher marks.
C. Students need to have better mastery of technology.
D. Revising applications decide the quality of AI essays.
33. In the author’s opinion, what may discourage the use of AI text generators?
A. Standard criteria B. Strict regulations..
C. Clear instructions. D. Unique writing tasks.
34. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess AI’s influence on students’ writing.
B. To discuss the threat of AI to the teaching of writing.
C. To appeal for the appropriate application of AI text generators.
D. To analyse the differences between genuine and Al-written essays.
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能引发的学术焦虑，作者通过实验告诉我们，我们不需要过于担忧人工智能的使用。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible.(随着网上的沮丧情绪愈演愈烈，我让我的学生们(他们大多是写作专业的学生)就一个当地问题提交一份2000字的提案。我要求他们尽可能地依赖AI。)”“At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.(与此同时，学生们报告说，使用人工智能比简单地用传统方式写论文需要更多的时间。)”可知，作者要求学生尽可能依赖AI来进行写作，而学生认为这样要比传统的写论文更费时间。由此判断，使用AI技术使得学生的写作效率受到了影响。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.(但是，更重要的是，发表的例子通常是专业作家和编辑的润色形式。相比之下，我的许多学生的人工智能论文显示了学生写作的常见问题——不确定合适的写作风格，组织和过渡的问题，以及不一致的分段。显然，用人工智能写一篇高质量的文章需要有很高的写作技巧和修改技巧来产生适当的输出。)”可以推断，用AI文本生成器想写一篇高质量的文章是不太可能的。因此，作者认为AI文本生成器并不可靠。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.(我的实验告诉我，一份好的作业表是对抗人工智能论文的最佳方法。如果你的作业是“描述美国内战的原因”，你更有可能得到人工智能或下载的论文提交。我的作业是一个挑战，因为它要求学生解决当地关注的问题。AI文本生成器所使用的数据中没有足够的相关例子。)”可知，作者认为如果不想让学生使用AI文本生成器，教师可以布置独特的写作任务，这样学生就无法使用AI文本生成器。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence.(2022年9月显然是人工智能论文焦虑在学术界爆发的一个月，此前一名人工智能写作服务的用户声称，用人工智能“写”的论文得到了全A。大多数教授对此表示担忧。)”以及最后一段“In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”(同样地，我强烈怀疑完全的机器人写作将永远是“指日可待”。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能对于写作教学的威胁，作者认为人们无需太过于担忧机器人写作会代替学生写作。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We have all been guilty of being over optimistic when predicting how long a task will take because of the planning fallacy. First identified in 1977, the planning fallacy was defined as: “the tendency to underestimate the amount of time needed to complete a future task, due in part to the reliance on overly optimistic performance scenarios (预测).”
It is extremely common._____35_____For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.
What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem._____36_____While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.
The planning fallacy is such a deep-rooted behavior. However, there are a few systematic strategies you can use to start building the habit of double-checking your time estimates. For instance, you can take the outside view._____37_____Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.
_____38_____You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.
Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan._____39_____Breakdown big tasks into smaller, manageable chunks. Don’t wait until the last minute to let people know you may need their help in the near future.
A. Defining your priorities also helps.
B. We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.
C. Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.
D. Focusing on fine details is the recommended practice.
E. We can see many failed or late projects, which lead to timewasting.
F. There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.
G. Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是规划谬误和避免这个问题的方法。
【35题详解】
空前说“It is extremely common.(这是非常普遍的。)”，说明规划谬误现象是普遍存在的，空后说“For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.(例如，一项针对心理学专业学生的研究发现，只有30%的学生能够在他们预计的时间内完成他们的毕业论文。)”，这说明有研究证实了规划谬误的存在，F选项“There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.(已有大量研究证实了规划谬误的存在。)”说明了有研究证明了它的存在，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【36题详解】
空前说“What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem.(此外，规划谬误是一个难以置信的顽固问题。)”，说明人们会很顽固，空后说“While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.(虽然我们能够认识到我们过去的预测过于乐观，但我们经常坚持认为我们目前的预测是现实的。)”，说明我们坚持错误的预测，B选项“We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.(我们不会从以前的错误中吸取教训。)”说明了我们会坚持错误的预测，不会吸取教训，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
【37题详解】
空后说“Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.(一定要咨询专家和过去尝试过类似项目的人。如果你是一名学生，和高年级学生交谈；如果你正在写一本书，加入一个作家圈子。)”，说明要参考别人的意见，C选项“Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.(不要把你的估计建立在自己的标准上。)”说明了要参考别人的意见，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
空格处是本段的主旨句，由空后的“You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.(你需要区分紧急和重要的任务，重要但不紧急的任务，紧急但不重要的任务，既不紧急也不重要的任务。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要明确你的优先级，A选项“Defining your priorities also helps.(明确你的优先级也有帮助。)”说明要明确优先级，因此概括了本段内容，可作为主旨句，故选A。
【39题详解】
空前说“Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan.(一旦你对完成一个项目所需要的时间有了一个客观的估计，你就需要确保你有时间和资源来执行你的计划。)”，说明要确保有时间来执行计划，空格处应该要说具体该怎么来确保有这个时间，G选项“Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.(在你的日历上留出时间，确保你需要的资源是可获得的。)”说明了确保执行计划的时间的具体方法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请答题卡指定区域作答。
With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us?
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
40. How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking?
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why is it hard for people to display their true selves?
_______________________________________________________________
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
_______________________________________________________________
43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved.
41. Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment.
42. Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe.
43. When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在社会压力巨大的情况下，个人倾向于隐藏自己的弱点是可以理解的，但这样做是有代价的。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.(令我又惊又喜的是，一个比较活跃的成员要求我们停下来休息一下。在注意到团队中其他人明显松了一口气后，我很快意识到我并不是唯一一个隐藏自己弱点的人。)”可知，在徒步旅行时，当有一位队员要求休息时，作者感到又惊又喜；同时根据下一句，团队中有人明显松了一口气可知，作者也感到放松了。故答案为He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times.(对我们中的许多人来说，在日常生活中，真实或表现出真实的自我是相当具有挑战性的。作为社会生物，我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境，有时展示我们内心是一个挑战。)”可知，我们之所以不愿意展示真实的自我是因为我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境。故答案为Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment。
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work.(这是因为真诚的队友不会以牺牲自己的工作或人际关系为代价来优先保护自己。相反，他们在做决定时认识到自己和他人的利益。这让他们的同事在做自己的时候感到安全。)”可知，真诚的员工在工作中会认识到自己和他人的利益，这会让他们的同事感到安全。因此判断“Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.”中的“feel safe”是错误的，应该是真诚的员工让同事感到安全。故答案为Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe。
【43题详解】
开放题。要求考生谈谈真实性还能给我们带来什么好处，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life。
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信提及他参加了学校举办的“从地标建筑读懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活动。请你用英文给他回一封电子邮件，谈谈你的想法。内容包括：
1.你推荐的城市及其地标建筑；
2.推荐理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：地标landmark
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Good to hear from you, and what an interesting activity! We can really tell a lot about a city from its buildings.
I know you are a fan of Chinese architecture, so if you haven’t decided which city to pick, you may consider Beijing, with the Forbidden City as a distinctive landmark.
Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years. It has witnessed the changes of the city. Thus, it is surely a worthy landmark of Beijing and a good choice for your project.
I hope my advice will be helpful. Wish you every success.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回一封电子邮件，谈谈对你他参加了学校举办的“从地标建筑读懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活动的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：good →pleased
决定：decide → determine
见证：witness →see
建议：advice → suggestion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.
拓展句：Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, which is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.（运用了过去分词作状语）
【高分句型2】I hope my advice will be helpful.（运用了宾语从句）
北京市东城区2022—2023学年度第二学期高三综合练习(二)
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One October morning, I planned to take Honey, my dog, out with me. We live in a___1___area up in the hills. Our driveway is barely wide enough for one car, with a ravine (深沟) on one side. While I was starting the car slowly, a flash of sunlight___2___me. I put my hand up to block the sunlight. Suddenly, the car slipped in the soft soil, and rolled down the ravine. After several rolls, we___3___upside down. I was stuck and felt a sharp pain in my chest. I looked over to find Honey. Luckily, she was okay.
We were at least 50 feet down. Just as I’d___4___, my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.
Calm down! It old myself. At least I could get Honey out of here. Painfully, I reached over and picked her up and___5___put her through a broken window. “Go home, baby.” She jumped to the ground and raced up the side of the ravine.
I could do nothing but sit there for hours. The last bit of light faded away.
Slam! Was that a car door? “Help!” I shouted with all my___6___.
“Mike! Where are you?” It was Robin, my closest neighbor, who lived two miles downhill from me.
Half an hour later, the rescue crew___7___and rushed me to the hospital.
The next day Robin brought Honey to the hospital. She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled (依偎) close. With her there, it was like my pain___8___. “I got home from work and Honey was waiting for me,” Robin said. “She got___9___and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!” Robin figured he’d bring Honey back to my____10____, and that’s when he heard me shout.
Honey, my life-saving hero!
1. A. crowded B. new C. popular D. remote
2. A. covered B. blinded C. burnt D. warned
3. A. landed B. circled C. drove D. pulled
4. A. hesitated B. feared C. agreed D. doubted
5. A. actively B. constantly C. gently D. secretly
6. A. courage B. wisdom C. patience D. strength
7. A. called B. arrived C. formed D. searched
8. A. returned B. spread C. froze D. disappeared
9 A. confused B. disappointed C. anxious D. bored
10. A. house B. car C. hospital D. office
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在山区发生车祸，手机也没有信号，于是把自己的狗Honey先救了出去，结果Honey叫来了邻居，从而让作者得救了。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们住在山上的一个偏远地区。A. crowded拥挤的；B. new新的；C. popular流行的；D. remote遥远的。根据后文“area up in the hills”可知是住在遥远的山区。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我慢慢地发动汽车时，一道阳光照得我睁不开眼睛。A. covered覆盖；B. blinded使失明；C. burnt燃烧；D. warned警告。根据后文“I put my hand up to block the sunlight.(我举起手挡住阳光)”可知，阳光刺眼，作者睁不开眼睛，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻了几圈后，我们倒着着陆了。A. landed着陆；B. circled环绕；C. drove驾驶；D. pulled拉。根据上文“After several rolls, we”指作者翻车最后头朝下着陆了。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我所担心的，我的手机收不到信号。A. hesitated犹豫；B. feared恐惧；C. agreed同意；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.”可知，由于位置偏远，所以和作者担心的一样担心的，手机收不到信号。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我痛苦地伸手把她抱起来，轻轻地把她从一扇破窗户里塞了出去。A. actively活跃地；B. constantly持续地；C. gently温柔地；D. secretly秘密地。根据后文“put her through a broken window”可知，玻璃碎了，所以动作轻。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全力叫喊。A. courage勇气；B. wisdom智慧；C. patience耐心；D. strength力量。根据上文““Help!” I shouted with all my”指作者用尽全力求救，故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：半小时后，救援人员赶到，把我紧急送往医院。A. called打电话；B. arrived到达；C. formed形成；D. searched搜索。根据后文“and rushed me to the hospital”指救援人员赶到，把作者紧急送往医院。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了她，我的痛苦就消失了。A. returned返回；B. spread传播；C. froze冻结；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled close.(她在床上紧挨着我，依偎在我身边)”指有了狗的陪伴，作者的痛苦也消失了。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她变得焦虑起来，绕着圈子跑，好像她想告诉我什么！A. confused困惑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. bored厌倦的。根据后文“and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!”指狗非常焦虑，绕着圈子跑，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Robin想他会把Honey带回我家，就在那时他听到了我的呼喊。A. house房子；B. car汽车；C. hospital医院；D. office办公室。Honey是作者的狗，所以是带回作者家里。故选A。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day_____11_____(celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of_____12_____(get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization_____13_____(decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being.
【答案】11. has been celebrated
12. getting
13. decides
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是国际博物馆日。
【11题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自1977年以来，国际博物馆理事会每年都会庆祝这一天，以提高人们对博物馆在社会发展中所起作用的认识。由Since 1977可知，句子时态用现在完成时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语this day是单数，因此空格处是has been celebrated，故填has been celebrated。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一天是让更多的年轻一代对博物馆的历史和文化感兴趣的好方法。fo是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填getting。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每年，该组织都会决定一个新的主题。由Every year可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语organization是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填decides。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist.
_____14_____we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely_____15_____ (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste_____16_____(item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare.
【答案】14. What
15. ignored
16. items
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的艺术之旅作者我成为了一名环保主义者。
【14题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：当我们从不同的角度思考时，我们认为浪费的东西可能是有用的。分析句子结构可知，本句为主语从句。从句缺少宾语补足语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
【15题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然在很大程度上被忽视，但被丢弃的材料为我们艺术家提供了大量的资源，让它们重获新生。Although引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同时，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。从句省略了they were，所以用动词的过去分词形式。故填ignored。
【16题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在我的手中，玻璃瓶、塑料袋和其他废物变成了一种可持续的艺术形式。other后常接复数名词。故填items。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can_____17_____(mental) travel across time and space.
But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.____18____(make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those_____19_____screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,_____20_____in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.
【答案】17. mentally
18. To make
19. on 20. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阅读是一种独特的人类体验。阅读时，我们应该尽可能地阅读纸质书。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：只要我们的眼睛掠过一些单词，我们就可以在精神上穿越时空。根据句意和所给形容词mental分析句子可知，空格处应该填入mental的副词形式mentally作状语，修饰谓语动词。故填mentally。
【18题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了让阅读变得更容易、更有意义，你最好尽可能地阅读纸质书。根据句意和所给动词make分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式to make作目的状语。故填To make。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：这样做的一个原因是，与屏幕上的单词相比，我们的眼睛更不太可能跳过印刷的单词。根据句意和空格后的名词screen可知，空格处应该填入介词on和名词screen搭配，on screen（在屏幕上）。故填on。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此外，在实体页面上浏览内容有助于大脑对信息进行心理映射，这反过来又使其更容易在未来记住细节。根据句意分析句子可知， in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.是一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替前面句子的内容在从句中作主语，所以，应该用关系代词which。故填which。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Pacific Science Center fieldtrips have gone virtual! Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (课程) and arouse their curiosity. PacSci’s educators join your classroom live from our Curiosity Studio, and lead students through live sessions featuring some of your favorite STEAM activities. Each program is 40 minutes long. We may be able to accommodate shorter or longer programs to fit your needs!
AVAILABLE PROGRAMS
Piece of Mind
Cost: $ 300
Maximum Number of Participants: 40
Best for Grades: 6-10
Description: Be inspired by the power of the brain as students learn how it controls memory, movement, and sight. Discover how the brain functions through live activities and fun puzzles, and see a real human brain sample!
Stick the Landing
Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions)
Maximum Number of Participants: 30
Best for Grades: 9-12
Description: Over the course of 3 sessions, use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model of a Mar slander. Dive into past and future missions to Mars and carefully consider the criteria and restrictions for real Mars missions. Learn how engineers are just one of the many careers that contribute to complex solar system missions.
Night Sky Tonight
Cost Varies by Group Size
·1-99 participants: $ 250
·100-199 participants: $ 350
·200+participants: $550
Maximum Number of Participants: Unlimited
Best for Grades: 3-12
Description: Become a true backyard astronomer. Learn how living on a giant spinning ball changes what can be seen each night. Discover how to find stars, and even how the sky can be used to find directions!
Ecosystem Investigators
Cost: $ 200
Maximum Number of Participants: 50
Best for Grades: 3-8
Description: Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment. Using new knowledge about ecosystem interactions, become a wetland scientist and explore the relationship between organisms in a real pond sample. For more details, please check out our Program Requirements.
21. What can we learn about Pacific Science Center fieldtrips?
A. Each program is for one certain grade.
B. The expense for each program varies.
C. The length for each program is unchangeable.
D. Every program has a max number of participants.
22 Cooperation is needed in the program .
A. Piece of Mind B. Stick the Landing
C. Nigh tSky Tonight D. Ecosystem Investigators
23. The passage is intended for .
A. tour guides B. research scientists
C. school teachers D. program designers
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是太平洋科学中心的课程的一些程序。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据每一个程序中的介绍中的“Cost: $ 300(费用：300美元)”，“Cost: $500(费用：$500)”，“Cost Varies by Group Size·1-99 participants: $ 250·100-199 participants: $ 350·200+participants: $550(费用因团队规模而异·1-99人：250美元·100-199人：350美元·200人以上：550美元)”，“Cost: $ 200(费用：200美元)”可知，这些程序的费用各不相同，故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ecosystem Investigators部分的“Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment.(作为一个团队，创建一个虚拟的生态系统模型，揭示生物和非生物部分如何在水生环境中连接和相互作用)”可知，需要合作的程序是Ecosystem Investigators，故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (课程) and arouse their curiosity.(为您的学生带来PacSci实地考察的乐趣和兴奋，同时为他们提供丰富的课程内容，以增强您的课程并激发他们的好奇心)”可知，本文是给老师写的，故选C。
B
Run by Society for Science, Regeneron Science Talent Search is a premier science and math competition for high-school seniors. One of the winners of this year is 17-year-oldE than Wong, who tries to improve existing technology. His focus: airplanes.
Nearly all planes have a tail. The tail keeps the plane’s nose from suddenly changing direction during a turn. The structure adds stability but weighs the plane down. Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. But there’s a catch. Those wings must twist(弯曲) in a very precise way that makes them hard to produce.
Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.
“Essentially what I did was just trial and error,” Ethan says. Using a computer model of an airplane wing, he adjusted the angle of twist along the wing until it could achieve tailless flight. Usually, such a wing requires a continuous distribution of wing twist. But he could achieve a similar effect with wings that had just a few sections of twist. “It’s super easy to make,” Ethan says.
In his garage, Ethan built model airplanes using rubber materials and packing tape totes this design. “Seeing the plane in the air was pretty cool,” Ethan says. “It just flew really, really well.”
Lighter, more efficient planes could open the door to other air travel innovations. “It’s been a long-term goal of mine to build a solar plane that can fly through the day powered by solar panels on its wings,” Ethan says. “It is absolutely possible for a really efficient plane.”
To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”
24. What is one advantage of the tailless airplane?
A. It makes aircraft design easier.
B. It is environmentally friendly.
C. It reduces production costs.
D. It promotes flight stability.
25. What drew Ethan’s attention to the tailless airplane design?
A. The breakthrough in aircraft materials.
B. The flight of an aircraft in a video.
C. The prize for original design.
D. The desire for innovation.
26. In Ethan’s opinion, what help inventors realize their dreams?
A Ambition and efficiency.
B. Enthusiasm and responsibility.
C. Passion and determination.
D. Confidence and independence.
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国再生元科学天才奖的获奖者——Ethan Wong，他的研究方向是无尾设计的飞机，介绍了其设计思路等。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. (无尾设计的飞机机翼可以起到与机尾相同的作用，还可以减少航空旅行的环境成本。)”可知，无尾设计的飞机机翼可以减少航空旅行的环境成本，也就是更为环保。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.(当Ethan看到NASA的Prandtl-D飞机没有尾翼优雅地在空中滑翔的视频时，他被这种飞机设计迷住了。“我只是觉得这真的很酷，” Ethan说。他想知道是否能找到一种更简单的方法来实现同样的无尾飞行。)”可知，Ethan之所以开始研究无尾飞机是因为他看到了一段视频，视频里的飞机没有尾翼却优雅地在空中滑翔。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”(对于其他有重大工程想法的青少年，Ethan总是说：“永远不要放弃。”即使有些机器让人感觉无法理解，它也能帮助我们记住，世界上最伟大的发明家也是人类。Ethan补充道：“同时，要确保你热爱你所做的一切。这将使追求一切变得容易得多。”)”可知，Ethan认为发明家想要实现自己的梦想不要放弃，也就是要有毅力；同时要热爱自己所做的一切，也就是要有热情。故选C。
C
Besides the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was also responsible for the theory of emotion, the most important principle of which was that the mind consists of two competing forces, the rational(理性的)and the emotional. He believed emotions played a part in the lives of non-human animals, but in humans emotions were a very small remaining part whose usefulness had been largely replaced by the evolution of reason.
This theory dominated his field for more than a century, but it was dead wrong. We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.
Consider a pioneering 2020 study in which researchers analyzed the work of 118 professional traders at four investment banks. Some were highly successful, but many were not. The researchers’ goal was to understand what differentiated the two groups. Their conclusion? The traders had different attitudes toward emotions.
The relatively less successful traders for the most part denied that emotions had an effect on their decision-making. The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion. Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down. The issue for them was not how to avoid emotion, but how to harness it.
If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work? Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you aren’t. People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time. As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.
The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.
27. Based on the study, successful traders would .
A. reveal their hidden emotions
B owe their success to emotions
C. review decisions depending on emotions
D. examine their actions influenced by emotions
28. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Control and use. B. Analyse and release.
C. Face and adapt to. D. Understand and accept.
29. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is the best example of Ralph Adolphs’ words?
A. Confidence may expose one to more chances.
B. Depression will consume one’s energy.
C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.
D. Optimism will affect one’s health.
30. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. The contributing factors to emotions.
B. The workable strategies of emotions.
C. The working principle of emotions.
D. The constructive role of emotions.
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍情绪对人类有很大的影响，会影响人们的决策，有助于人们的理性推理。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion.(相比之下，最成功的交易员则持不同的态度。他们非常愿意反思自己受情绪驱使的行为。他们认识到情绪和好的决策是有联系的。他们承认情绪对于高绩效是必要的，他们倾向于批判性地反思情绪的作用。)”可知，成功的交易员愿意审视自己受情绪驱使的行为。故选D。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文可知，成功的交易员更愿意审视自己受情绪驱使的行为。再根据划线单词上文“Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down.(虽然成功的交易员接受了情绪所扮演的积极和重要的角色，但他们明白，当情绪变得过于强烈时，知道如何缓和它们是有用的。)”可知，成功的交易员接受了情绪的作用，但是他们知道如何缓和情绪。由此判断，问题不在于如何避免情绪，而在于如何去处理或者驾驭。选项A“Control and use (控制和利用)”；选项B“Analyse and release (分析和释放)”；选项C“Face and adapt to (面对和适应)”；选项D“Understand and accept (理解和接受)”。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.”(正如加州理工学院的神经学家Ralph Adolphs所说：“每种情绪都是一种心理功能状态，它使你的大脑处于一种特定的运作模式，调整你的目标，引导你的注意力，并在你进行心理计算时修改你分配给各种因素的权重。”)”以及引文上一句“People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time.(人们通常不会意识到这一点，但他们的思维过程的框架受到他们当时的感受的高度影响。)”可知，人们的思维过程会受到当时的情绪的影响，因此也会调整目标或行为。与这种说法相一致的是选项C“C. Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.(愤怒可能导致一个人冒险。)”指的正是如果当时愤怒，你就会在愤怒的情绪下调整自己的行为。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.(我们现在知道，相反，情绪会增强我们的推理过程，帮助我们做出决策。事实上，如果不受情绪的影响，我们就无法做出决定，甚至无法思考。)”以及文章最后一段“The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.(这种关于情感的新观点可能与达尔文的观点不一致，但它确实支持了达尔文进化论的一个基本结论：人类与非人类动物的区别并不像人们所认为的那样大。想过得更好吗？重视和调节你的情绪。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是情绪对人类所起的建设性作用。故选D。
D
September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence. Most professors expressed concern. One wrote, “Grading something an AI wrote is an incredibly depressing waste of my life.”
As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible. After reviewing their 22 AI essays, I can tell you confidently that the technology just isn’t there. My students used free accessible text generators online and put in a lot of effort. But, if I had believed these were genuine student essays, the very best would have earned somewhere around a C or C-minus. Many of the essays had obvious red flags for AI generation: outdated facts, quotes from prior university presidents presented as current presidents, fictional professors and named student organizations that don’t exist. At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.
There has been a fair amount written about the supposed impressiveness of AI-generated text. There are even several high-profile AI-written articles, essays or even scientific papers or screenplays that showcase this impressiveness. In many of these cases, the “authors” have access to higher-quality language models than most students are currently able to use. But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.
My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.
It has been just over five years since computer scientists declared, “We should stop training radiologists(放射科医生) now. Deep learning is going to do better than radiologists.” Well, we’re still training radiologists, and there’s no indication that deep learning is going to replace human doctors anytime soon. In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”.
31. What can we learn about the students in the experiment?
A. Their writing efficiency was affected.
B. Their essays were better structured.
C. They preferred AI-written essays.
D. They overcame AI’s weaknesses.
32. What does the author imply in Paragraph 3?
A. Online text generators are far from reliable.
B. Genuine student essays deserve higher marks.
C. Students need to have better mastery of technology.
D. Revising applications decide the quality of AI essays.
33. In the author’s opinion, what may discourage the use of AI text generators?
A. Standard criteria B. Strict regulations..
C. Clear instructions. D. Unique writing tasks.
34. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess AI’s influence on students’ writing.
B. To discuss the threat of AI to the teaching of writing.
C. To appeal for the appropriate application of AI text generators.
D. To analyse the differences between genuine and Al-written essays.
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能引发的学术焦虑，作者通过实验告诉我们，我们不需要过于担忧人工智能的使用。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As all this online depression was playing out, I asked my students, who were mostly majors in writing, to submit a 2,000-word proposal about a local issue. I asked them to rely on the AI as much as possible.(随着网上的沮丧情绪愈演愈烈，我让我的学生们(他们大多是写作专业的学生)就一个当地问题提交一份2000字的提案。我要求他们尽可能地依赖AI。)”“At the same time, the students reported that using AI required far more time than simply writing their essays the old-fashioned way would have.(与此同时，学生们报告说，使用人工智能比简单地用传统方式写论文需要更多的时间。)”可知，作者要求学生尽可能依赖AI来进行写作，而学生认为这样要比传统的写论文更费时间。由此判断，使用AI技术使得学生的写作效率受到了影响。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But, more importantly, the published examples are generally the polished form of professional writers and editors. In contrast, many of my students’ AI-generated essays showed the common problems of student writing—uncertainty about the appropriate writing style, issues with organization and transitions, and inconsistent paragraphing. Obviously, producing a quality essay with AI requires having high writing skill and revising skill to produce appropriate outputs.(但是，更重要的是，发表的例子通常是专业作家和编辑的润色形式。相比之下，我的许多学生的人工智能论文显示了学生写作的常见问题——不确定合适的写作风格，组织和过渡的问题，以及不一致的分段。显然，用人工智能写一篇高质量的文章需要有很高的写作技巧和修改技巧来产生适当的输出。)”可以推断，用AI文本生成器想写一篇高质量的文章是不太可能的。因此，作者认为AI文本生成器并不可靠。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“My experimental so tells me that a good assignment sheet is the best defense against AI essays. If your assignment is “Describe the reasons for the U.S. Civil War”, you are more likely to get AI or downloaded essay submissions. My assignment was a challenge because it asked students to address local issues of concern. There are just not enough relevant examples in the data the AI text generators are drawing from.(我的实验告诉我，一份好的作业表是对抗人工智能论文的最佳方法。如果你的作业是“描述美国内战的原因”，你更有可能得到人工智能或下载的论文提交。我的作业是一个挑战，因为它要求学生解决当地关注的问题。AI文本生成器所使用的数据中没有足够的相关例子。)”可知，作者认为如果不想让学生使用AI文本生成器，教师可以布置独特的写作任务，这样学生就无法使用AI文本生成器。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“September 2022 was apparently the month artificial intelligence essay anxiety boiled over in academia, after a user of an AI writing service claimed to be getting straight A’s with essays “written” using artificial intelligence.(2022年9月显然是人工智能论文焦虑在学术界爆发的一个月，此前一名人工智能写作服务的用户声称，用人工智能“写”的论文得到了全A。大多数教授对此表示担忧。)”以及最后一段“In much the same way, I strongly suspect full-on robot writing will always and forever be “just around the corner”(同样地，我强烈怀疑完全的机器人写作将永远是“指日可待”。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了人工智能对于写作教学的威胁，作者认为人们无需太过于担忧机器人写作会代替学生写作。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We have all been guilty of being over optimistic when predicting how long a task will take because of the planning fallacy. First identified in 1977, the planning fallacy was defined as: “the tendency to underestimate the amount of time needed to complete a future task, due in part to the reliance on overly optimistic performance scenarios (预测).”
It is extremely common._____35_____For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.
What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem._____36_____While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.
The planning fallacy is such a deep-rooted behavior. However, there are a few systematic strategies you can use to start building the habit of double-checking your time estimates. For instance, you can take the outside view._____37_____Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.
_____38_____You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.
Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan._____39_____Breakdown big tasks into smaller, manageable chunks. Don’t wait until the last minute to let people know you may need their help in the near future.
A. Defining your priorities also helps.
B. We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.
C. Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.
D. Focusing on fine details is the recommended practice.
E. We can see many failed or late projects, which lead to timewasting.
F. There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.
G. Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是规划谬误和避免这个问题的方法。
【35题详解】
空前说“It is extremely common.(这是非常普遍的。)”，说明规划谬误现象是普遍存在的，空后说“For instance, a study conducted with psychology students found that only 30% of them managed to complete their senior papers in the amount of time they predicted.(例如，一项针对心理学专业学生的研究发现，只有30%的学生能够在他们预计的时间内完成他们的毕业论文。)”，这说明有研究证实了规划谬误的存在，F选项“There have been lots of studies confirming the existence of the planning fallacy.(已有大量研究证实了规划谬误的存在。)”说明了有研究证明了它的存在，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【36题详解】
空前说“What’s more, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubborn problem.(此外，规划谬误是一个难以置信的顽固问题。)”，说明人们会很顽固，空后说“While we are able to recognise past predictions where we have been over-optimistic, we often keep on insisting that our current predictions are realistic.(虽然我们能够认识到我们过去的预测过于乐观，但我们经常坚持认为我们目前的预测是现实的。)”，说明我们坚持错误的预测，B选项“We don’t learn from our previous mistakes.(我们不会从以前的错误中吸取教训。)”说明了我们会坚持错误的预测，不会吸取教训，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
【37题详解】
空后说“Make sure to consult experts and people who have attempted to complete similar projects in the past. If you’re a student, talk to senior students; if you’re writing a book, join a network of writers.(一定要咨询专家和过去尝试过类似项目的人。如果你是一名学生，和高年级学生交谈；如果你正在写一本书，加入一个作家圈子。)”，说明要参考别人的意见，C选项“Do not base your estimates on your own criteria.(不要把你的估计建立在自己的标准上。)”说明了要参考别人的意见，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
空格处是本段的主旨句，由空后的“You need to differentiate between tasks that are urgent and important, important but not urgent, urgent but not important, neither urgent nor important.(你需要区分紧急和重要的任务，重要但不紧急的任务，紧急但不重要的任务，既不紧急也不重要的任务。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要明确你的优先级，A选项“Defining your priorities also helps.(明确你的优先级也有帮助。)”说明要明确优先级，因此概括了本段内容，可作为主旨句，故选A。
【39题详解】
空前说“Once you have an objective estimate of the time it will take to complete a project, you need to make sure you have the time and resources to carry out your plan.(一旦你对完成一个项目所需要的时间有了一个客观的估计，你就需要确保你有时间和资源来执行你的计划。)”，说明要确保有时间来执行计划，空格处应该要说具体该怎么来确保有这个时间，G选项“Block time in your calendar, and make sure the resources you need are available.(在你的日历上留出时间，确保你需要的资源是可获得的。)”说明了确保执行计划的时间的具体方法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请答题卡指定区域作答。
With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us?
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
40. How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking?
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why is it hard for people to display their true selves?
_______________________________________________________________
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
_______________________________________________________________
43. Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved.
41. Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment.
42. Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe.
43. When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在社会压力巨大的情况下，个人倾向于隐藏自己的弱点是可以理解的，但这样做是有代价的。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.(令我又惊又喜的是，一个比较活跃的成员要求我们停下来休息一下。在注意到团队中其他人明显松了一口气后，我很快意识到我并不是唯一一个隐藏自己弱点的人。)”可知，在徒步旅行时，当有一位队员要求休息时，作者感到又惊又喜；同时根据下一句，团队中有人明显松了一口气可知，作者也感到放松了。故答案为He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times.(对我们中的许多人来说，在日常生活中，真实或表现出真实的自我是相当具有挑战性的。作为社会生物，我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境，有时展示我们内心是一个挑战。)”可知，我们之所以不愿意展示真实的自我是因为我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境。故答案为Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment。
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work.(这是因为真诚的队友不会以牺牲自己的工作或人际关系为代价来优先保护自己。相反，他们在做决定时认识到自己和他人的利益。这让他们的同事在做自己的时候感到安全。)”可知，真诚的员工在工作中会认识到自己和他人的利益，这会让他们的同事感到安全。因此判断“Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.”中的“feel safe”是错误的，应该是真诚的员工让同事感到安全。故答案为Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe。
【43题详解】
开放题。要求考生谈谈真实性还能给我们带来什么好处，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life。
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信提及他参加了学校举办的“从地标建筑读懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活动。请你用英文给他回一封电子邮件，谈谈你的想法。内容包括：
1.你推荐的城市及其地标建筑；
2.推荐理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：地标landmark
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Good to hear from you, and what an interesting activity! We can really tell a lot about a city from its buildings.
I know you are a fan of Chinese architecture, so if you haven’t decided which city to pick, you may consider Beijing, with the Forbidden City as a distinctive landmark.
Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years. It has witnessed the changes of the city. Thus, it is surely a worthy landmark of Beijing and a good choice for your project.
I hope my advice will be helpful. Wish you every success.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回一封电子邮件，谈谈对你他参加了学校举办的“从地标建筑读懂一座城市”的世界城市展示活动的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：good →pleased
决定：decide → determine
见证：witness →see
建议：advice → suggestion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.
拓展句：Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, which is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Located in the centre of Beijing, the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, has a history of over 600 years.（运用了过去分词作状语）
【高分句型2】I hope my advice will be helpful.（运用了宾语从句）
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