【期末备考】2023年上海市高一下期末复习英语试卷-B卷（解析版）

这是一份【期末备考】2023年上海市高一下期末复习英语试卷-B卷（解析版），共23页。
【期末备考】2023年上海市高一下期末复习英语试卷 -B卷（解析版）

I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the （2022秋·高一上海市南洋模范中学校考期末）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
What makes us afraid?
What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or creepy crawlies? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or ___1___ (visit) the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an irrational (不理智的) reaction that can’t be controlled—something we call a phobia. It occurs ___2___ someone develops an exaggerated or unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.
Sometimes it’s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain alerts us to the risks that ___3___ lie ahead, but then we often rationalise (合理地解释) the risks and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC: “Our fears are hard-wired into our brains—we don’t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.” But phobias are stronger than just fears. Warren says: “An area called the amygdala in the brain is recognising a threat and preparing your body ___4___ fight or flight.” With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat, there’s more glucose in your blood, increasing your energy, and your brain is unable to control these reactions.
But where does a phobia come from? Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says: “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a ___5___ (high) authority, like a parent or teacher, or something you ___6___ (learn) from your own experience.” Or a trauma (心理创伤) from a past event ___7___ comes back to haunt you.
There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia—___8___ (trigger) by being away from home, social anxiety disorder—feeling anxious in social situations, and iatrophobia—fear of doctors. But how can they be overcome? Cognitive behavioural therapy is one choice, where you gradually get used to ___9___ it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their subconscious memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying ____10____ (avoid) what you’re afraid of is likely to make the situation worse, so it’s a good idea to find help to overcome it.

【答案】
1．visiting 2．when 3．might 4．for 5．higher 6．have learnt/have learned 7．that/which 8．triggered 9．whatever 10．to avoid

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是恐惧症及克服恐惧症的方法。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：或者也许你有恐高症或者害怕去看牙医。分析句子可知，“of”为介词，故空格处应用动名词作宾语，“visit”的动名词形式为“visiting”。故填visiting。
2．考查时间状语从句。句意：当某人对某一情况或物体产生夸大或不切实际的危险感时，就会发生这种情况。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“when”引导从句，意为“当……时”。故填when。
3．考查情态动词。句意：我们的大脑会提醒我们前方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会将这些风险合理化并加以克服。分析句子可知，句中指大脑会提醒我们前方“可能”存在的风险，空格处应用情态动词“might”，意为“可能”，表示的可能性较小。故填might。
4．考查固定短语。句意：沃伦说：“大脑中一个叫做杏仁核的区域正在识别威胁，并让你的身体做好战斗或逃跑的准备。”分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“prepare…for…”，意为“使……为……做好准备”，故空格处应用介词“for”。故填for。
5．考查形容词比较级。句意：恐惧症通常是一种来自更高权威的模仿行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西。根据句中“like a parent or teacher”可知，“父母或老师”是我们生活中的更高权威，故空格处应用“high”的比较级“higher”，意为“更高的”，作定语。故填higher。
6．考查时态。句意：恐惧症通常是一种来自更高权威的模仿行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西。根据句意可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，我们从自己的经历中学到的东西，“you”和“have”连用，“learn”的过去分词为“learnt”或“learned”，故空格处应填“have learnt”或“have learned”。故填have learnt/have learned。
7．考查定语从句。句意：或是过去事件的心理创伤再次困扰着你。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“trauma”，指事物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，如因远离家而引发的公共场所恐惧症、在社交场合感到焦虑的社交焦虑症以及对医生的恐惧引发的医生恐惧症。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“are”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“agoraphobia”和“trigger”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“trigger”的过去分词“triggered”。故填triggered。
9．考查宾语从句。句意：认知行为疗法是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所害怕的一切。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少表语，故应用“whatever”引导从句，意为“无论什么”。故填whatever。
10．考查固定短语。句意：但是，如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地尽力避免你害怕的东西可能会使情况变得更糟，所以寻找帮助来克服它是一个好主意。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“try to do sth.”，意为“尽力做某事”，为不定式作宾语，故空格处应用“to avoid”。故填to avoid。

Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
（2022秋·高一上海市进才中学校考期末）
A． universally B．arouse C． fix D．eventually E. tempered F. healing
G. overeat H. tempted I. freezing J. activated K. rush
Warning! This article could be bad for your health! As many of us endure the long, cold winter, we are  ____11____ to eat some filling and fattening foods. This is sometimes because it helps us to keep warm and to give us energy, but often it’s because we need something to cheer us up. And, for a short while at least, it  ____12____ makes us feel better – which is why we call it “comfort food”.The type of food that makes us feel good varies from person to person – it depends on your palate and the association you have with particular tastes, textures and smells. But probably the most  ____13____ popular comforter is the biscuit. It’s thought this go-to snack often brings back happy memories of childhood and family, as well as giving us that all-important sugary pick-me-up. According to psychologist called Shira Gabriel, we get a  ____14____ of positive feelings when these memories are activated by eating comfort food. And it’s not just memories that are  ____15____, but also the emotions we feel as well. If we felt happy the first time we ate the food, then hopefully we’ll feel happy when we eat it again.
Moving on from the sweet and sugary snacks, famous chef and food writer Mary Berry knows about the kind of meals that warm us up and give us comfort in the winter. She told BBC Food magazine: “I think it becomes natural to think about comfort food as soon as the weather becomes  ____16____ and the nights become darker.” She suggests soup and warming foods as feel-good winter treats.
The other thing about comforting dishes like mac and cheese, noodles or pizza is they don’t require culinary skills in the kitchen; they are easy to make so you can get your  ____17____ of feel-good food quickly. However, we often feel so good that we eat too much, and even though we know the ingredients are high in carbohydrates, sugar or salt, we continue to  ____18____. Psychologist Shira Gabriel told the BBC: “We feel guilty because we don’t realize that what’s happening is our minds are finding a way to  ____19____ a really positive emotion and they’re making us eat that food to do so.”
Maybe we should take comfort from the fact that eating certain food can be  _____20_____. But, for some people, eating any kind of food brings joy, warmth, happiness and comfort.

【答案】
11．H 12．D 13．A 14．K 15．J 16．I 17．C 18．G 19．B 20．F

【导语】本文是说明文。在黑暗寒冷的冬季，我们喜欢吃一些让人开心的食物。比如，甜食、热乎、温性的饭菜，因为它们会让我们有饱腹感，从而御寒。但我们为什么在一年中其它时间，也喜欢享用含碳水化合物多、高糖的食品？本文讨论人们喜欢安慰食物的原因。
11．考查动词。句意：当我们中的许多人忍受漫长寒冷的冬天时，我们忍不住去吃一些饱腹和使人发胖的食物。根据下文“This is sometimes because it helps us to keep warm and to give us energy, but often it’s because we need something to cheer us up.(这有时是因为它能帮助我们保暖，给我们能量，但通常是因为我们需要一些东西来让我们振作起来。)”可推断，此处表示我们忍不住去吃一些食物，tempt“引诱”符合句意，与主语we是被动关系，空前有are，故填tempted。故选H。
12．考查副词。句意：而且，至少在短时间内，它结果让我们感觉更好——这就是为什么我们称它为“安慰食物”。分析句子可知，此处填副词作状语，eventually“最后，结果”符合语境，故选D。
13．考查副词。句意：但最普遍受欢迎的让你感到放松和愉悦的东西是饼干。修饰形容词用副词，universally“普遍地”符合语境，故选A。
14．考查名词。句意：根据心理学家希拉·加布里埃尔的说法，当这些记忆被吃安慰性食物激活时，我们会有涌起一连串积极的感觉。不定冠词修饰单数名词，a rush of“一阵子；一连串”符合语境，故选K。
15．考查动词。句意：不仅是记忆被激活，我们的情绪也被激活。根据上文“these memories are activated by eating comfort food”可知，此处表示记忆被激活，activate“激活”符合语境，此处为强调句型，主语memories与activate是被动关系，空前有are，故填activated，故选J。
16．考查形容词。句意：我认为，天气一变冷，夜晚一变黑，人们就会自然而然地想到安慰自己的食物。Becomes是系动词，接形容词作表语，根据上文“the kind of meals that warm us up and give us comfort in the winter”可知，此处表示天气变冷，夜晚变黑，freezing“极冷的”符合语境，形容词作表语，故选I。
17．考查名词。句意：另外，像奶酪通心粉、面条或披萨这样舒适的食物不需要厨房的烹饪技巧；它们很容易做，所以你可以很快找到感觉良好的食物用量。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，fix“一次用量”，名词，符合句意，故选C。
18．考查动词。句意：然而，我们常常因为感觉太好而吃得太多，即使我们知道这些成分含有高碳水化合物、糖或盐，我们还是继续大吃特吃。Continue to do sth.“继续做某事”，故空处填动词，根据句意，overeat“吃得过多”符合语境，故选G。
19．考查动词。句意：心理学家希拉·加布里埃尔告诉BBC:“我们感到内疚是因为我们没有意识到正在发生的，我们的大脑正在寻找一种方法来唤起一种真正积极的情绪，它们让我们吃那种食物。”a way to do sth.“做某事的方式”，空处填动词，arouse“激起；唤起”符合语境，故选B。
20．考查形容词词。句意：也许我们应该从以下事实中得到安慰——吃某些食物可能是治愈的。healing“能治愈的”符合语境，be动词后作表语，故选F。

II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
（2022秋·高一上海市延安中学校考期末）
Goodish News of Climate Change
Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.
Is it a peak, a stutter or just a brief pause? Time will tell. But whatever it is, on February 11th the International Energy Agency (IEA), an intergovernmental ____21____ which collects such data, announced that emissions of carbon dioxide in 2019 which were ____22____ to energy had remained the same (33.3bn tonnes) as the previous year’s.
Energy-related emissions, which include those (produced by electricity generation), heating and transport, ____23____ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO₂ pollution. The reason why the emissions remained the same was that there was a(n) ____24____ in coal use, particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power.
As a result of this the CO₂-intensity of electricity generation—a(n) ____25____ of how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced—fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt hour. It had already been ____26____, but this is three times the average for the past decade. Such declines more than offset (抵消) the ____27____ of increased electricity production. The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA．
This is not the first time energy related emissions have plateaued (保持稳定). Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____28____ developing economies increased. This ____29____ plateau was accompanied by excited declarations that such emissions had peaked. Similar ____30____ have been made this week, perhaps also prematurely. Besides changes in coal use, a ____31____ economy may have played a part and the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies.
____32____, the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved. This, one of the world’s largest woodlands, has acted ____33____ as an absorbing sponge (海绵) for CO₂ by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis. Researchers at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research have shown that a vast part of the south-east of the Amazon, about one fifth of its area, has lost its ____34____ to absorb the gas and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead. This land has been widely deforested, so the result is little ____35____. But it is disappointing.
21．A．circumstance B．environment C．contribution D．organization
22．A．available B．similar C．related D．referred
23．A．call for B．account for C．stand for D．allow for
24．A．decline B．increase C．promotion D．recovery
25．A．product B．idea C．measure D．result
26．A．floating B．falling C．disappearing D．remaining
27．A．outcome B．change C．effect D．achievement
28．A．fuel B．regulate C．handle D．expand
29．A．frequent B．previous C．natural D．disastrous
30．A．tips B．plans C．warnings D．comments
31．A．booming B．dynamic C．strong D．depressed
32．A．In addition B．By contrast C．In consequence D．In fact
33．A．accidentally B．absolutely C．historically D．correctly
34．A．prospect B．ability C．need D．decision
35．A．anger B．hope C．devotion D．surprise

【答案】
21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．D 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了目前，与能源生产有关的二氧化碳排放量已经稳定，并分析了原因。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2月11日，收集此类数据的政府间组织国际能源署（IEA）宣布，2019年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平（333亿吨）。A. circumstance情况；B. environment环境；C. contribution贡献；D. organization组织。空处为上文“the International Energy Agency (IEA)”的同位语，说明这是一个组织。故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2月11日，收集此类数据的政府间组织国际能源署（IEA）宣布，2019年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平（333亿吨）。A. available可用的；B. similar类似的；C. related相关的；D. referred被提及的。根据第一段“Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.”可知，此处说的是与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量。故选C。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：与能源相关的排放，包括（发电产生的）、供暖和运输，占世界工业二氧化碳排放量的70%以上₂ 污染排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量增加，特别是在富裕国家，再加上可再生能源的使用量增加。A. call for呼吁；B. account for占；C. stand for代表；D. allow for考虑到。根据下文“ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO₂ pollution”可知，与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量占世界工业二氧化碳污染的70%以上。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量减少了，特别是在富裕国家，同时可再生能源的使用量增加了。A. decline拒绝；B. increase增加；C. promotion晋升；D. recovery恢复。根据下文“particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power”可知，煤炭的使用量的减少和可再生资源使用量的增加，造成煤炭使用量减少了。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，CO₂-发电强度——衡量每千瓦时生产的汽油排放多少气体的指标——下降了近6.5%，达到340克一氧化碳₂ 每千瓦时。A. product产品；B. idea想法；C. measure方法，措施；D. result后果。根据下文“how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced”可知，这是一种衡量方法。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经在下降，但这是过去十年平均水平的三倍。A. floating浮动；B. falling下降；C. disappearing消失；D. remaining剩下。根据上文“fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt hour”可知，尽管下降了，但是仍旧是过去十年平均水平的30倍。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种下降抵消了电力生产增加的影响。A. outcome结果；B. change改变；C. effect效果；D. achievement成就。根据下文“The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA.”可知，减少了排放量抵消了增加的发电量所造成的影响。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2013年至2016年间，煤炭产量每年徘徊在322亿吨左右，2017年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加，煤炭产量再次上升。A. fuel提供燃料；B. regulate调节；C. handle处理；D. expand扩大。根据上文“before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal ”可知，2017年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加，煤炭产量再次上升。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在此之前的平稳期伴随着激动的声明，即此类排放已达到峰值。A. frequent频繁的；B. previous之前的；C. natural天然的；D. disastrous灾难性的，极糟糕的。根据上文“Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____8____ developing economies increased.”可知，此处说明以前出现的高原现象。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周也有人发表了类似的评论，也许也是过早的。A. tips提示；B. plans计划；C. warnings警告；D. comments评论。根据下文“perhaps also prematurely”可知，本周有人给出了类似的评论。故选D。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了煤炭使用的变化之外，低迷的经济可能也起到了一定的作用，数据显示，气候比平时温和，导致了几个拥有大量碳需求经济体的国家的排放量明显下降。A. booming蓬勃发展的；B. dynamic动态的；C. strong强的；D. depressed经济萧条的。根据下文“the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies”可知，煤炭的使用，疲软的经济也起到了重要的作用，降低了二氧化碳的增长。故选D。
32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In consequence结果；D. In fact事实上。根据下文“the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved”可知，除此之外，来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。故选A。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最大的林地之一，历史上一直作为吸收二氧化碳的海绵，通过光合成将其从大气中去除。A. accidentally意外；B. absolutely绝对；C. historically历史上；D. correctly正确地。根据空后“as an absorbing sponge for CO₂ by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis”可知，作为世界上最大的森林，从历史上亚马逊热带雨林就充当吸收二氧化碳的作用。故选C。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴西国家空间研究所（National Institute for Space Research）的研究人员表明，亚马逊东南部的大部分地区（约占其面积的五分之一）已经失去了吸收气体的能力，现在反而成为了大气中的净排放源。A. prospect前景；B. ability能力；C. need需要；D. decision决定。根据下文“and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead”可知，这个地区已经失去了吸收气体的能力。故选B。
35．考查词义辨析。句意：这片土地被广泛砍伐，因此结果并不令人惊讶。但这令人失望。A. anger愤怒；B. hope希望；C. devotion献身精神；D. surprise惊喜。根据“This land has been widely deforested”可知，因为大量砍伐，因此这样的结果并不令人惊讶。故选D。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
（2022高一上海市复兴高级中学校考期末）
Alex Elman runs a big business --- something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.
Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard Massachusetts in 1981. It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life. When she was 27 years old, she went blind due to complications from Juvenile diabetes (青少年糖尿病) 17 years ago. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place, to me, that was the safest place in the world.”
Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines, a growing collection of organic wines from all around the world: Chianti from Italy, Torrontes from Argentina. Elman doesn’t work alone. Her assistant, a guide dog named Hanley, is something of a wine taster, and quite a beggar. Hanley travels to all the wineries that Elman does, from South America to Europe.
At first, Elman resisted the idea of a seeing-eye dog. Now it’s hard to imagine her life, or her business, without him. She said, “When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it, I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine, he’ll actually go in and sniff it. If it’s not right, he’ll turn his head away … He gets in the dirt with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic, that there are no chemicals.”
Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? Don’t sweat the small stuff. Don’t sweat the big stuff either.”
36．From Para. 2, we know that Elman ________.
A．got through her hard days in the vineyard
B．liked playing hide-and-seek during her childhood
C．suffered from Juvenile diabetes from 27 years old
D．lost her sight while helping with farm work in 1981
37．Whenever Elman couldn’t judge the wine exactly, she would ________.
A．make Hanley drink it B．turn to Hanley for advice
C．order Hanley to head away D．have another taste herself
38．The underlined phrase “the broken hang nail (para. 5) probably refers to ________.
A．a nail which is of no use B．a disadvantage you have in your life
C．a person who is hard to deal with D．a take that is not easy to accomplish
39．This passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．there is no royal road to success
B．a single tree does not make a forest
C．the eye is blind if the mind is absent
D．when life gives you lemons, make lemonade

【答案】36．A 37．B 38．B 39．D

【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述失明的埃尔曼并没有因为失明而消沉，失明反而帮助她专注于寻找成功的故事告诉我们，当在生活中遇到困难时，要迎难而上，换个角度去解决问题，最后就会获得成功。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段“Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard Massachusetts in 1981. It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life. (埃尔曼的父亲1981年在马萨诸塞州种植了一个山坡葡萄园。这是埃尔曼一生中最黑暗的时期逃离的地方。)”可知，埃尔曼在葡萄园度过她一生中最黑暗的时期。故选A。
37．推理判断题。根据第四段“When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it, I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine, he’ll actually go in and sniff it. If it’s not right, he’ll turn his head away … He gets in the dirt with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic, that there are no chemicals. (当有人告诉我某些东西是有机的，我不是真的相信，因为我在上面尝到了一些奇怪的味道，我会把它放在他的脸上，如果他喜欢葡萄酒，他会进去闻一闻。如果不对，他会把头转向别处……他会和我一起钻进泥土里。他会四处抓挠。他确保我们看到蚯蚓和蝴蝶。这就是为什么我们知道土壤实际上是有机的，没有化学物质。)”可知，每当埃尔曼不能准确判断葡萄酒时，她就会向她的狗Hanley寻求帮助。故选B。
38．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? Don’t sweat the small stuff. Don’t sweat the big stuff either.”(埃尔曼告诉CBS新闻，她认为视力丧失是一种天赋。她说，“这让我注意到我认为重要的事情，也让我能够告诉人们，the broken hang nail没什么大不了的，你知道我的意思吗？不要为小事担心。也不要为大事担心。”)”可知，埃尔曼丧失了视力，这是她的不足之处，所以the broken hang nail是指生活中的劣势，和选项B意思一致。故选B。
39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Alex Elman runs a big business --- something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success. (亚历克斯·埃尔曼经营着一家大公司——这是她在20多岁时失明后难以想象的事情。但埃尔曼说，失明帮助她专注于寻找成功。)”和最后一段“Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? Don’t sweat the small stuff. Don’t sweat the big stuff either.”(埃尔曼告诉CBS新闻，她认为视力丧失是一种天赋。她说，“这让我注意到我认为重要的事情，也让我能够告诉人们，断裂的挂钉没什么大不了的，你知道我的意思吗？不要为小事担心。也不要为大事担心。”)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失明的埃尔曼并没有因为失明而消沉，失明反而帮助她专注于寻找成功的故事。结合选项A.there is no royal road to success通往成功没有平坦的道路；B.a single tree does not make a forest独木不成林；C.the eye is blind if the mind is absent心不专则眼不明；D.when life gives you lemons, make lemonade当生活给你柠檬时,你就做成柠檬汁，故D项符合题意，故选D。

(B)
（2022秋·上海·高一上海市七宝中学校考期末）
Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is also one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Some of the best snorkeling (浮潜) can be found here. Vanuatu’s islands also offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving.
Volcano Surfing
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters (1,000 feet) into the sky. It is known as the Lighthouse of the Pacific because of its regular eruptions for hundreds of years. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Some visitors find Yasur terrifying; others captivating. Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make stunning artwork from such a special point. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano.
In some ways, volcano surfing, also commonly known as ash boarding, is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it’s very different. It was invented by an adventurer journalist named Zoltan Istvan, while on a trip to Vanuatu Islands in 2002. Volcano surfing is considered as an extreme sport and there are not many practicing it. A volcano surfer’s goal is to escape the erupting volcano — without getting hit by flying rocks! Riders hike up the volcano and slide down, sitting or standing, on a thin plywood or metal board. It’s fast, fun, and dangerous — the perfect extreme sport.
Land Diving
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines (藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower. It originated as a rite (仪式) of passage for young men trying to prove their manhood. The idea is to jump from as high as possible, and to land as close to the ground as possible. It is also a harvest ritual. The islanders believe the higher the jumpers dive, the higher the crops will grow. Every spring, island natives (men only) still perform this amazing test of strength.
40．Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A．Mount Yasur is a light tower on the Pacific Ocean.
B．The history of volcano surfing dates back centuries.
C．Bungee jumping grew out of land diving.
D．Land diving came to Vanuatu from another country.
41．The underlined word captivating is closest in meaning to ________.
A．distressing B．charming C．disappointing D．relieving
42．Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?
A．Untouched Beauty: VANUATU B．Volcano Adventure: VANUATU
C．Extreme Destination: VANUATU D．Preserved Culture: VANUATU

【答案】40．C 41．B 42．C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。瓦努阿图是南太平洋的一个岛国，是冒险运动的天堂，文章介绍了瓦努阿图的两项世界上最令人兴奋和危险的活动——火山冲浪和陆地潜水。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony.”(大多数人都熟悉蹦极，但你知道蹦极起源于瓦努阿图的五旬节岛，已经有将近1500年的历史了吗？最初的活动被称为陆地潜水，是宗教仪式的一部分)可知，蹦极是从陆地潜水发展而来的。故选C。
41．词句猜测题。根据第二段第五句“Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make stunning artwork from such a special point.”(摄影师们为从这样一个特殊的角度拍摄令人惊叹的艺术作品而欣喜若狂)可知，此处是指另一些人觉得亚苏尔很有魅力。所以captivating意为“有魅力的”。故选B。
42．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Vanuatu’s islands also offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving.”(瓦努阿图的岛屿还为游客提供了两项世界上最令人兴奋和危险的活动：火山冲浪和陆地潜水)可知，文章主要是讲瓦努阿图的两项世界上最令人兴奋和危险的活动。故选C。

(C)
（2022秋·上海·高一上海市建平中学校考期末）
When was the last time you did something that gave you a genuine sense of achievement?
For me it was last week, when I hung a picture on the wall. I know, it sounds a little crazy. But it was an easy project that I’d put off for too long.
As accomplishments go, this wasn’t up there with achieving world peace, curing the incurable or running a marathon. Yet that feeling of genuine accomplishment is something that I fear we’re beginning to lose today. Now more than ever, we live in a world of instant gratitude, aided by ever-present digital devices that only feed the desire. News headlines, sports scores and the latest gossip are all a finger-swipe away on our smartphones. In this digital parallel universe, our sense of achievement has become defined by the number of positive reactions we get from posting a cool picture or making a brief comment.
Just to be clear, I don’t have a problem with digital devices, apps or social media; I use them every day. Together they’ve helped us connect with others, solve problems and get things done in ways almost no one could have ever imagined. But the problem is: they aren’t very personally fulfilling.
So how do we arrive at that genuine sense of achievement, whether it’s at work or our personal life? Daniel Pink, a noted author on work, management and behavioral science, has an interesting theory. When it comes to anything but the most basic tasks, we aren’t very motivated by the “traditional” motivators of fear, money or rewards. Instead, the factors include autonomy, mastery, and purpose. Autonomy represents our desire to be self-directed –to do what we want to do, when and how we want to do it; mastery refers to an essential urge to better our skills and derive satisfaction from doing so; and purpose is our desire to do something that is important and has true meaning, either to ourselves or to others.
By tapping into these internal motivators, even unconsciously, we can accomplish great things, like exploring new hobbies or dreams; becoming passionate about our work; and deriving satisfaction from what we do and wanting to do more.
We don’t need to achieve world peace or run a marathon to feel a sense of personal achievement. Anything will do—even hanging a few pictures on the wall. But it needs to start by putting our devices aside, at least for a little while.
43．According to the passage, the reason why we are beginning to lose the sense of accomplishment is that _________.
A．it’s easy for the masses to make a quick and positive comment
B．most people fear they can hardly make any accomplishment
C．people tend to express their instant and artificial gratitude through the Internet
D．the digital age has influenced our definition of the sense of achievement
44．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The author is used to putting off a project for too long.
B．Though not personally satisfactory, digital devices are somewhat helpful.
C．The author objected to addressing issues with digital devices, apps or social media.
D．Achieving world peace or curing the incurable goes beyond what we call achievement.
45．The “internal motivators” in paragraph 6 refer to _________.
A．fear, money and rewards B．hobbies, dreams and passion
C．autonomy, mastery and purpose D．work, management and behavioral science
46．What’s the author’s opinion on the sense of personal achievement?
A．With digital devices, it is easy to obtain the sense of personal achievement
B．Without social media, it is impossible to obtain the sense of personal achievement.
C．With Internet, personal achievement can only be obtained through great success.
D．Without digital devices, the sense of personal achievement can be obtained in daily tasks.

【答案】43．D 44．B 45．C 46．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在这个数字时代，我们开始失去那种真正的成就感。所以作者认为我们应该把电子设备放到一边，通过做一些真正有意义的事情来获得成就感。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“In this digital parallel universe, our sense of achievement has become defined by the number of positive reactions we get from posting a cool picture or making a brief comment.（在这个数字并行的世界中，我们的成就感已经由我们发布一张酷炫的图片或发表简短评论所获得的积极反应的数量来定义）”可知，数字时代影响了我们对成就感的定义。故选D项。
44．推理判断题。根据第四段的内容“Just to be clear, I don’t have a problem with digital devices, apps or social media; I use them every day. Together they’ve helped us connect with others, solve problems and get things done in ways almost no one could have ever imagined. But the problem is: they aren’t very personally fulfilling.（需要澄清的是，我对数字设备、应用程序或社交媒体没有问题; 我每天都在使用它们。他们一起帮助我们与他人建立联系，解决问题，以几乎没有人能想象到的方式完成工作。但问题是:他们对个人来说并不是很有成就感）”可以推论出，电子设备虽然给人的成就感不强，但是有一定的帮助。故选B项。
45．词义猜测题。根据句意可知，划线短语internal motivators所在的句子是一个承上启下的句子，所以句中的these internal motivators肯定指的是上一段句子“Instead, the factors include autonomy, mastery, and purpose.（相反，这些因素包括自主性、精通性和目的性）”中的autonomy, mastery, and purpose。故选C项。
46．推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段“We don’t need to achieve world peace or run a marathon to feel a sense of personal achievement. Anything will do—even hanging a few pictures on the wall. But it needs to start by putting our devices aside, at least for a little while.（我们不需要通过实现世界和平或跑马拉松来获得个人成就感。什么都可以——甚至在墙上挂几张照片。但首先，我们需要把我们的设备放在一边，至少是一段时间）”可以推论出，作者认为没有数字设备，个人成就感可以在日常任务中获得。故选D项。

Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
（2022秋·上海·高一上海市进才中学校考期末）
What’s the relation between snore (打鼾) and obesity?
Many people like to snore while they are sleeping, not only men, but also women, and they are getting younger. So why do people snore when they sleep?
When people breathe, gas enters the body and passes through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx, all the way to the trachea and lungs. Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.
____47____ Snoring is not terrible, terrible is to play a few times after the sudden silence, not breathing the most terrible. If the air doesn’t get into the lungs, there’s a condition called sleep apnea, or sleep apnea. If the gas stays in your mouth or nose for more than 10 seconds, you’re basically suffering from sleep apnea. However, don’t worry too much.
So, how can you prevent snoring? There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed. ____48____ A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding. When a lot of young people are not fat, they do not snore. But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur. ____49____
What’s more, people should give up bad habits in their daily life. For example, heavy drinking can make snoring worse. ____50____ Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity (鼻腔): many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.
A．So you should exercise more and control your weight.
B．Well, that is not actually the case.
C．However, these methods have little effect.
D．In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.
E．In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.
F．Sleeping on your back can also make you snore.

【答案】47．E 48．C 49．A 50．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了打鼾的原理以及如何预防打鼾的方法。
47．上文“Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.”（打呼噜的响声是气体经过一个比较狭窄的通道，从而产生强烈气流变化，振动所导致的声音。）介绍打鼾的原理。结合选项E项In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.（事实上，如果这条通道的任何一个地方很窄，就会有打呼噜的声音。）为同样介绍打鼾的原理，和上文内容相关，为上文内容的补充，E项中的this passage呼应上文的a narrow passage。故选E项。
48．上文“There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed.”（有很多流行的治疗打鼾的方法，比如睡前喝胡椒水和使用漱口水。）提到治疗打鼾的方法。下文“A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding.”（大量案例表明，肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素，体重增加是导致打鼾甚至憋气的重要原因。）说明肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素。C项However, these methods have little effect.（然而，这些方法收效甚微。）可知，是对上文内容的递进，此句these methods指的就是上文提到的那些方法，引出下文对打鼾的原因的进一步解释。故选C项。
49．根据上文“But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur.”（但体重增加后，这种现象可能会发生。）讲的是体重增加后就会出现打鼾。故可推断空格处会讲关于控制体重的内容。结合选项A项So you should exercise more and control your weight.（所以你应该多锻炼，控制体重。）符合此推断，和上文形成因果关系，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
50．根据下文“Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity : many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.”（很多案例表明，患者在清洗鼻腔后确实有很多好处:很多轻度过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎患者通过冲洗鼻腔，病情有了明显改善。）可知，通过案列表明清洗鼻腔的重要性。故可推断空格处内容也与此相关。结合选项D项In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.（此外，还要注意鼻腔清洁。）和下文内容一致，下文是对空格处内容的解释说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。

IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
（2022秋·上海·高一华师大二附中校考期末）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
As parents, we need to help children build toward future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. The ability to keep trying early in life is linked to all sorts of favorable outcomes years later.
There are three main strategies for encouraging persistence in your child.
The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. It helps more if they sometimes comment: “Hmm, that did not work. Let me try another way.”
When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort. Quickly, clearly doing this will increase the child’s effort, which can, in turn, extend to other activities and situations they encounter in the future. In general, if you spot the child trying hard or harder than she usually does and working through tasks, praise them for what they are doing.
And if you do not see this happening, and your child is not doing something a bit difficult, you do not need to wait. You can provide opportunities for persistence. That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections.
Some people are more naturally persistent than others. Repeated practice can teach children that the process is important—sometimes just as important as the goal.
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【答案】Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children’s future success. To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids together a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging children’s persistence.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，坚持，即在困难中不断尝试的能力，有助于孩子们未来的成功。要培养毅力，家长可以做毅力的榜样，不断向孩子展示自己在困难中不断努力，表扬孩子比平时更努力，和孩子一起做一个需要时间和努力的有趣的活动，创造机会，逐渐鼓励孩子的毅力。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①As parents, we need to help children build towards future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem.
②The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child.
③When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort.
④That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children's future success.
To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids together a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging children's persistence.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to children’s future success.运用不定式作后置定语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties…用不定式作目的状语对第三段进行了概括。

V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
52．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）人难免有时会茫然无措，但在任何情况下都不要“摆烂”。(loss，倒装)
【答案】It is inevitable that people sometimes feel at a loss, but under no circumstances should they be “treated negatively”.
【详解】考查句子结构。分析可知，此处描述一般规律，用一般现在时。表示“难免”为it is inevitable，it作形式主语接系表结构；表示“人有时会茫然无措”可用that引导名词性从句，为that people sometimes feel at a loss，做真正主语，at a loss“茫然无措”作表语；表示“但在任何情况下都不要‘摆烂’”用but连接下面分句，under no circumstances“在任何情况下都不要”为含否定词的介词短语，位于句首，引出半倒装句型，为should they be “treated negatively”，代词they指“事情”，表示事情不能“被消极对待”。句首字母大写，故翻译为It is inevitable that people sometimes feel at a loss, but under no circumstances should they be “treated negatively”.

53．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）直到贵宾们都已入座主办方才解决了获奖者未能亲自到场的棘手问题。(present，强调句)
【答案】It was not until the VIPs were seated that the organizers solved the problem of the winners not being able to present in person.
【详解】考查强调句、动词、短语。分析句意可知，此句是强调句，强调“直到贵宾们都已入座”，且事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故此部分可翻译为：It was not until...that；表示“获奖者未能亲自到场的棘手问题”可用短语表示：the problem of the winners not being able to present in person.，the winners not being able to present为动名词复合结构作宾语，表示“解决”可用动词solved。故整句翻译为It was not until the VIPs were seated that the organizers solved the problem of the winners not being able to present in person.

54．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）前锋因伤退赛后他意识到，这场半决赛的胜负取决于一点，那就是自己能否扑出所有点球。(dawn, down)
【答案】After the striker withdrew from the game due to injury, it dawned on him that the outcome of this semi-final depended on one point — whether he can put down all penalties.
【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句、固定句型和同位语从句。事情已发生，时态用一般过去时，after (在……之后)引导时间状语从句，striker (前锋)，withdraw from (从……退出)，due to (由于)，固定句型it dawned on sb. that...(某人意识到……)，that引导主语从句，semi-final (半决赛)，depend on (取决于)，put down (镇压、扑灭)，penalty (点球)，whether (是否)引导同位语从句解释说明one point的具体内容。故翻译为：After the striker withdrew from the game due to injury, it dawned on him that the outcome of this semi-final depended on one point — whether he can put down all penalties.

55．（2022春·上海·高一复旦附中校考期末）因其自身才华和艺术成就，一向致力于为受歧视群体发声的Taylor Swift被授予了荣誉学位，可谓实至名归。(couple, commit)
【答案】Because of his talent coupled with artistic achievements, Taylor Swift, who has always been committed to speaking for the discriminated groups, was awarded an honorary degree, which is well deserved.
【详解】考查句子结构、动词等。表示“因其自身才华和艺术成就”可用介词短语Because of his talent coupled with artistic achievements，作状语，动词couple“加上，结合”和前文名词talent之间是被动关系，coupled with“加上，外加”是过去分词固定短语，作后置定语，coupled已转化为形容词；表示“一向致力于为受歧视群体发声的”为非限制性定语从句who has always been committed to speaking for the discriminated groups修饰主语Taylor Swift，关系代词who作从句主语，指人，commit … to doing sth“投身于某事，致力于某事”是固定用法，其被动结构为be committed to doing sth，其过去分词committed已转化为形容词，意为“尽心尽力的；坚定的”，根据句意，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态；根据句意可知，主句描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，表示谓语部分“被授予了荣誉学位”为was awarded an honorary degree；表示“可谓实至名归”为非限制性定语从句which is well deserved，关系代词which代指前面整句，在从句中作主语，描述客观结论，用一般现在时。故翻译为Because of his talent coupled with artistic achievements, Taylor Swift, who has always been committed to speaking for the discriminated groups, was awarded an honorary degree, which is well deserved.

VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
（2022秋·上海静安·高一统考期末）
Directions: Write an English composition in 80-100 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你叫李华，你所在年级的英语老师们在各班建立了英语学习微信群 (WeChat Group),师生在群中交流英语学习经验、布置英语学习任务、共享英语学习资料等，现已将近一个学期。你的英文老师Mary想得到学生们对这个英语学习群的反馈信息，请给她写一封电子邮件，内容要点如下：
1. 是否有必要建立英语学习群？
2. 这个英语学习群在哪些方面对学生是有帮助的？
3. 你对此群有哪些方面的改进建议？
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【答案】Dear Mary,
Having used English Learning WeChat Group for one semester, I think it is necessary to establish such a learning group, because it helps us students in many aspects.
First of all, we can share English learning resources, which not only provides us with a lot of knowledge, but also saves us a lot of time. Secondly, we can exchange learning experience with our classmates and teachers, which can improve our learning efficiency and effectiveness. In addition, teachers can check our completion of learning tasks through the group, which reduces the pressure of parents, who are either busy or don’t know much about English.
By the way, I have a suggestion. Before uploading English learning materials, maybe teachers check whether they are suitable for us. Sometimes too much information is also a problem, for sometimes we don’t know which to choose.
                                                                                                                   
Your student,
Li Hua
【分析】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给英文老师Mary写信，聊聊自己对英语微信学习群的看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建立：set up→establish
方面：respect→aspect
给某人提供某物：offer sb. sth.→provide sb. with sth.
压力，负担：burden→pressure
2.句型拓展
合并句子
原句：By the way, I have a suggestion. Before uploading English learning materials, maybe teachers check whether they are suitable for us.
拓展句：By the way, I have a suggestion that teachers should check whether learning materials are suitable for us before they are uploaded.
【点睛】[高分句型1]First of all, we can share English learning resources, which not only provides us with a lot of knowledge, but also saves us a lot of time. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]Before uploading English learning materials, maybe teachers check whether they are suitable for us.（运用了whether引导的宾语从句）