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    三年(2020-2022)高考真题英语分项汇编
    专题15 完形填空夹叙夹议文
    2022年高考真题
    1.【2022年全国乙卷】
    Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___41___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
    However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___.
    For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___44___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___45___ research results in child developmental psychology ___46___ that idea.
    We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___48___. We then asked the child if she could ___49___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ____50____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ____51____ children said that they couldn’t ____52____ to her.
    A number of ____53____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ____54____ the questions and knew ____55____ what was asked of them. Their ____56____ to the questions reflected their true ____57____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ____59____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ____60____ when others use it.
    41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
    42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
    43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
    44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
    45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
    46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
    47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
    48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
    49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
    50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
    51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
    52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
    53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
    54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
    55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
    56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
    57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
    58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
    59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
    60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
    【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D
    【解析】
    【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时,只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果,而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
    【41题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:对他们来说,避开别人的目光,让自己无法被别人看到,这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随;B. taking取走;C. escaping避开;D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知,儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏,避开别人的目光。故选C项。
    【42题详解】
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的;B. bad不擅长的;C. scared害怕的;D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知,儿童不擅长隐藏,be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
    【43题详解】
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们通常只用手遮住眼睛,其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的;B. examined已检查过的;C. untouched未受影响的;D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知,儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身体的其余部分无遮蔽,是暴露在外的。故选A项。
    【44题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:长期以来,这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持;B. guaranteed保证;C. imagined想象;D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知,此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
    【45题详解】
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的;B. mixed混合的;C. surprising令人惊讶的;D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”以及“Our    19    suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知,研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾,所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
    【46题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释;B. confirmed证实;C. contradicted相矛盾;D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知,研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
    【47题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起,成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲;B. child儿童;C. researcher研究员;D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,儿童参加实验,此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
    【48题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起,成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚;B. nose鼻子;C. hands手;D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
    【49题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见;B. help帮助;C. reach到达;D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
    【50题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事;B. thing事情;C. action行动;D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知,此处表示同样的事情发生了,孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。
    【51题详解】
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而;B. Now此刻;C. Soon很快;D. Once一次。根据语境,此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时,这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
    【52题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说;B. listen听;C. turn转;D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知,此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。
    【53题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令;B. descriptions说明;C. experiments实验;D. assumptions假设。根据语境,此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
    【54题详解】
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:结果很清楚:我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解;B. predicted预测;C. explored探索;D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知,儿童理解了问题,并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
    【55题详解】
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:结果很清楚:我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地;B. honestly诚实地;C. vaguely含糊地;D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知,孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么,他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
    【56题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法:“只有你也能看到我,我才能看到你。”A. responses回答;B. approaches方法;C. contribution贡献;D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知,此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
    【57题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法:“只有你也能看到我,我才能看到你。”A. ability能力;B. belief看法;C. identity身份;D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知,此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
    【58题详解】
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止;B. relate to有关联;C. insist on坚持;D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知,孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
    【59题详解】
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们的研究结果表明,当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时,这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制;B. requirements必要条件;C. theories理论;D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。
    【60题详解】
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:事实上,当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的;B. impressive令人印象深刻的;C. creative创造性的;D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知,孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重,所以当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。

    2021年高考真题
    1.【2021年6月全国乙卷】
    Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a      1      just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different      2      of gratitude(感谢).
    My thoughts were soon      3      . We had a woman patient who was      4      from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while      5      to get into bed she collapsed (倒下)from what was      6      discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous,      7      the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though      8      , and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
    She was      9      for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her      10      at her recovery.  As she was      11      she was eager to say      12      to each of us in the nursing team. When she      13      one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague      14      to accept it, saying that we were all just      15      our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then      16      : "Oh this isn't for the      17      I had. I take that as a      18      . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday."
    And there you have it. To many people,      19      lives is part of the job but styling hair is an      20      and should be rewarded.
    1. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
    2. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
    3. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
    4. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
    5. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
    6. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
    7. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
    8. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
    9. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
    10. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
    11. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
    12. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
    13. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
    14. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
    15. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
    16. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
    17. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
    18. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
    19. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
    20. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra

    【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议的文章,文章讲述了作者是一名刚工作的护士,开始以为表达感谢很简单,但一位病人病愈后的举动却让作者对表达感谢又有了更深一层的理解。
    【解析】
    1 :C
    考查名词辨析。句意:就在几周前当护士的时候,我在考虑这个问题。根据后文to each of us in the nursing team可知,作者是一名护士。A. cleaner清洁工;B. chemist化学家;C. nurse护士;D. doctor医生。故选C。
    2 :A
    考查名词辨析。句意:然后我突然想到,如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词语,那该有多好。分析题目可知,作者是要表达感激的不同程度。A. grades等级,制度;B. meanings意思;C. needs需要;D. expectations预期,期待。故选A。
    3 :B
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:我的想法很快就得到了验证。分析题目可知,下文是作者的理论得到验证的过程。故选B。
    4 :D
    考查动词辨析。句意:我们有一个女病人正从膝关节置换手术中恢复。根据下文But she recovered可知,病人正在恢复。A. depart出发;B. escape逃脱;C. retire退休;D. recover恢复。故选D。
    5 :A
    考查动词辨析。句意:一天下午,她试图上床睡觉时倒下了,最后被证实是心脏病发作。分析题目可知,病人当时正试图上床睡觉。A. attempt尝试;B. choose选择;C. pause停顿;D. promise许诺。故选A。
    6 :A
    考查副词辨析。句意:一天下午,她试图上床睡觉时倒下了,最后被证实是心脏病发作。分析题目可知,心脏病发作是后来确诊的。A. eventually最终地;B. fortunately幸运地;C. casually随意地;D. secretly秘密地。故选A。
    7 :B
    考查动词辨析。句意:这次倒下是灾难性的,需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。分析题目可知,病人当时需要医疗护理。A. assess评估,评定;B. require需要;C. form形成;D. prove证实。故选B。
    8 :C
    考查副词辨析。句意:虽然恢复缓慢,但四周后她就可以出院了。分析题目可知,病人恢复比较慢。A. slightly稍微;B. accidentally意外地;C. slowly慢地;D. happily高兴地。故选C。
    9 :A
    考查形容词辨析。句意:她很感激医疗和护理团队为她所做的一切。分析题目可知,病人当时应该是一种感恩的心情。A. grateful感激的;B. thoughtful深思的;C. sorrowful悲伤的;D. fearful害怕的。故选A。
    10 :B
    考查名词辨析。句意:在她出院的那天,我们分享了她康复的喜悦。分析题目可知,病人康复出院是一件喜悦的事情。A. surprise惊讶;B. delight高兴;C. curiosity好奇;D. disappointment失望。故选B。
    11 :D
    考查动词辨析。句意:当她要离开的时候,她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说再见。分析题目可知,病人要出院离开了。A. operate运转,操作;B. think思考;C. hesitate犹豫;D. leave离开。故选D。
    12 :C
    考查名词辨析。句意:当她要离开的时候,她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说再见。分析题目可知,病人要跟护理小组告别。A. sorry对不起;B. hello你好;C. goodbye再见;D. yes是的。故选C。
    13 :A
    考查动词辨析。句意:当她走到一个护士跟前时,她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。分析题目可知,病人是走到护士跟前。A. reach到达;B. consult咨询;C. introduc介绍;D. persuade说服,劝说。故选A。
    14 :D
    考查动词辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目可知,我的同事应该是拒绝接受病人的钱。A. wish祝愿;B. pretend假装;C. fail失败;D. refuse拒绝。故选D。
    15 :B
    考查动词辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目可知,此处是指护士们只是做了自己的本职工作。A. enjoy喜爱;B. do做;C. secure获得;D. start开始。故选B。
    16 :C
    考查动词辨析。句意:病人看起来很困惑,然后回答说。分析题目可知,病人是在回应护士的拒绝。A. repeat重复;B. recite背诵;C. reply回答;D. report报道。故选C。
    17 :D
    考查名词辨析。句意:这不是为了我受到的照顾。分析题目可知,护士们之前应该是照顾该病人。A. courage信心;B. patience耐心;C. duty责任心;D. care关心。故选D。
    18 :B
    考查名词辨析。句意:我认为这是理所当然的。分析题目可知,病人认为护士们照顾她是理所当然的。A. goal目标;B. give给予;C. push推;D. greet问候。故选B。
    19 :C
    考查动词辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但做发型是一项额外的工作,应该得到奖励。分析题目可知,这里是指拯救病人的生命。A. risk冒……的风险;B. change改变;C. save拯救;D. build建设。故选C。
    20 :D
    考查名词辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但做发型是一项额外的工作,应该得到奖励。分析题目可知,这里是指做发型不属于护士的本职工作,是额外的。A. honour荣誉;B. ability能力;C. opening开始,开端;D. extra额外的。故选D。

    2.【2021年6月新高考1卷】
    My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
    My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time,      1      little bunny(兔子)cakes for all its      2      throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for      3      help during our spring break, for which I had no      4      beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd      5      minimum wage. I'd see how a factory      6      . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their      7      .
    Our      8      in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜)ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.      9      bunny from the belt. This was      10      than it sounds.      11      a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd      12      .
    Dad      13      . The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood      14      food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you      15      the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
    1.A.sold B.ordered C,made D.reserved
    2.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens
    3.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary
    4.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies
    5.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest
    6.A.worked B.closed C.developed D.survived
    7.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation
    8.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices
    9.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove
    10.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper
    11.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on
    12.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered
    13.A.cried B.smiled C.hesitated D.refused
    14.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering
    15.A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate

    【文章大意】本文是本文是夹叙夹议的文章,,文章讲述了作者第一次假期打工的经历,作者从中感悟到工作不易,要尊重那些辛苦工作的人。
    【解析】1 :C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理,在复活节期间,为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。根据后文可知作者在工厂里做蛋糕。故选C。
    2 :A
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理,在复活节期间,为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。分析题目可知,此处是指同一品牌旗下的商店。故选A。
    3 :D
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们春假期间,市中心的工厂碰巧需要八个孩子临时帮忙。分析题目可知,工厂需要临时工。故选D。
    4 :A
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:除了听我最喜欢的唱片,我对春假没有别的计划。分析题目可知,这句话里的which指的是春假,作者对此没有别的计划,故选A。
    5 :B
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:我会挣最低工资。分析题目可知,作者要去工厂做工挣钱。故选B。
    6 : A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:我会看到工厂是如何运作的。分析题目可知,此处是指作者通过去工厂做工而观察到工厂如何运作。故选A。
    7 :B
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的想法,并打电话给Betsy的父亲,得到他们的允许。分析题目可知,给Betsy的父亲打电话是为了得到许可。故选B。
    8 :C
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们在工厂的职责很简单。分析题目可知,此处是指作者在工厂里的职责。故选C。
    9 :D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:把兔子从传送带上拿下来。根据前文Place cakes on a moving belt,然后加上有糖霜的耳朵、眼睛和鼻子,这里应该是指把兔子拿下来。故选D。
    10 :A
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这比听起来要难。分析题目可知,作者的工作听起来很简单,但实际很困难。故选A。
    11 : B
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:稍微慢一点,蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知,这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快,蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
    12 :C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:一切都比我之前预想的要有压力。分析题目可知,作者之前没料到工作会压力这么大。故选C。
    13 :B
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:爸爸笑了。分析题目可知,作者的父亲听到作者抱怨工作压力,联想到自己童年的经历,觉得很正常,所以笑了起来。故选B。
    14 :D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个杂货商的儿子,他童年的夏天都在Bernardswille送外卖。分析题目可知,作者的父亲应该是在递送食物,其他选项不符。故选D。
    15 :D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:他告诉我,这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激,并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。分析题目可知,作者的父亲认为工作能让你认识到挣钱的价值,心怀感恩。故选D。

    3.【2021.1浙江】
    Last year I decided to do some volunteer work, I began to      1      on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I       2       myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona, I was       3       at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of       4       my worries had gone. Everyone was so       5       and like-minded that it was very       6       to feel at home.
    I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day       7      . We had to       8       everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a       9       way but in 35℃ hear and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
    My job was to       10       a stairway out of rock. This       11       climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never       12      .
    Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The       13       of knowing that my       14       will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
    But on the last night we were       15       in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to       16      . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only       17       part of my tent.
           18      , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I       19      . I think I am much       20       for having taken part in the project.
    1.A.calculate B.negotiate C.advertise D.researeh
    2.A.imagined B.introduced C.enjoyed D.found
    3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.scared D.excited
    4.A.arriving B.sleeping C.thinking D.walking
    5.A.confident B.friendly C.energetic D.curious
    6.A.funny B.good C.lucky D.easy
    7.A.tour B.project C.campaign D.course
    8.A.drop B.make C.carry D.buy
    9.A.nice B.safe C.long D.quick
    10.A.build B.test C.clean D.guard
    11.A.Helped B.ended C.allowed D.meant
    12.A.hunted B.trained C.seen D.fed
    13.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention
    14.A.work B.memory C.record D.story
    15.A.left B.caught C.attacked D.separated
    16.A.boiling B.average C.normal D.freezing
    17.A.tidy B.dry C.new D.soft
    18.A.By the way B.Regardless of that C.Needless to say D.In either case
    19.A.survived B.resisted C.Escaped D.recovered
    20.A.smarter B.stronger C.happier D.busier

    【文章大意】本文是一篇本文是夹叙夹议的文章,。文章主要讲解了作者经历了一次志愿活动,但是这次活动并不是一帆风顺,作者最终克服困难,对自己的经历报以感慨。

    【解析】1 :D
    考查动词辨析。句意:我开始在网上搜索信息,发现了Volunteer USA。A. calculate计算; B. negotiate协商;C. advertise打广告;D. research 搜索。根据上文提到作者想做一些志愿活动,下文应当去主动查找相关信息。故选D。
    2 :D
    考查动词辨析。句意:三个月后,我正身处于去凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagine想象;B. introduce介绍;C. enjoy享受;D. find发现。此处运用了find oneself+介词短语表示某人所处的状态,来表示作者在去往凤凰城的路上。故选D。
    3 :C
    考查形容词辨析。句意:我想到要在有大量陌生人所在的地方待三个月是有些害怕的。A. annoyed生气的;B. surprised惊讶的;C. scared害怕的;D. excited兴奋的。此处作者因为去到一个陌生的地方,要见到很多的陌生人,所以会感到害怕。故选C。
    4 :A
    考查动词辨析。句意:到达后不到15分钟,我的忧虑就烟消云散了。A. arrive到达;B. sleep睡觉;C. think思考;D. walk走路。根据上文可知作者还在路上,此处表示作者以及到达了凤凰城,在与人接触后有了改观。故选A。
    5 :B
    考查形容词辨析。句意:每个人都很友好,志同道合,很容易让人有宾至如归的感觉。A. confident自信的;B. friendly友好的;C. energetic充满活力的;D. curious好奇的。空后like-minded可知此处为正向词汇,根据作者的感受和上文 "害怕" 形成对比,说明大家都很友好。故选B。
    6 : D
    考查形容词辨析。句意:每个人都很友好,志同道合,很容易让人有宾至如归的感觉。A. funny滑稽的;B. good好的;C. lucky幸运的;D. easy容易的。此处因为作者说大家十分友好、志趣相投,所以很容易就会给人宾至如归的感觉。故选D。
    7 :B
    考查名词辨析。句意:我被派往Coronado National Forest去完成第一次八天的项目。A. tour观光;B. project项目;C. campaign战役;D. course课程。此处根据作者对下文描述,可知要去完成一个搭建阶梯的项目。并且根据文章最后一段最后一句,可见 "project" 同词复现。故选B。
    8 :C
    考查动词辨析。句意:我们必须带着我们需要的一切,步行三英里到我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下;B. make制作;C. carry携带;D. buy购买。此处作者因为要徒步进入到工作地点,所以要带好所需的必需品。故选C。
    9 :C
    考查形容词辨析。句意:这条路看起来似乎并不长,但顶着35度的高温,背着厚厚的装备,我的双腿好像着火一样。A. nice好的;B. safe安全的;C. long长的;D. quick快的。此处作者说道此条路并不长,但是由于温度很高,进而形成对比,表示还是比较艰苦。故选C。
    10 :A
    考查动词辨析。句意:我的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯。A. build建造;B. test测试;C. clean打扫;D. guard守卫。根据第四段首句a beautiful stairway came into being可知之前是没有阶梯的,故作者的任务就是搭建阶梯。故选A。
    11 :D
    考查动词辨析。句意:这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下,尽管我应该说它们只是能听见,而不是看见。A. help帮助;B. end 结束;C. allow 允许;D. mean 意味着。根据上文作者的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯,所以下文应对该项工作进行解释。故选D。
    12 :C
    考查动词辨析。句意:这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下,尽管我应该说它们只是能听见,而不是看见。A. hunt 打猎;B. train 训练;C. see 看见;D. fed 喂养。although表示转折,应选择与hear意义对应的选项。故选C。
    13 :A
    考查名词辨析。句意:这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。 A. satisfaction 满足感;B. ambition 野心;C. expectation 期望;D. intention 意图。根据上文一个美丽的楼梯诞生了,所以作者会感觉到有一种成就感油然而生。故选A。
    14 :A
    考查名词辨析。句意:这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。A. work 工作;B. memory 记忆;C. record 记录;D. story 故事。根据上文可以得知,作者一直在做着建造楼梯的志愿工作。故选A。
    15 :B
    考查动词辨析。句意:但是在昨晚我们赶上了雷暴。A. leave 离开;B. catch 赶上;C. attack 攻击;D. separate 分开。根据句意可以判断作者遭遇了雷暴。故选B。
    16 :D
    考查形容词辨析。句意:温度已经接近冰点。A. boiling沸腾的;B. average平均的;C. normal正常的;D. freezing冰点的。根据上文得知作者遭遇了雷暴,且下文提到作者在发抖中度过剩余的夜晚。故选D。
    17 :B
    考查形容词辨析。句意:我不得不在帐篷里唯一干的地方度过剩余的夜晚。A. tidy 整齐的;B. dry 干的;C. new 新的;D. soft 舒适的。根据上文可知作者在午夜醒来时发现自己的帐篷变成了游泳池,所以他只能在干的地方过夜。故选B。
    18 :C
    考查固定短语辨析。句意:不必说,我受了很多苦。A. by the way顺道提一下;B. regardless of that不管怎么样;C. needless to say;D. 无论哪种情况。上文提到作者克服困难,最终建成了阶梯。可知作者是吃了不少苦的,needless to say进一步加深语境。故选C。
    19 :A
    考查动词辨析。句意:我知道无论在生活中面对什么,我都会在那里,并且幸存下来。 A. survive幸存;B. resist抵制;C. escape逃离;D. recover痊愈。作者上文I suffered a lot提到受了很多苦,此处but转折表示作者克服了困难,并且作者感悟到无论遇到什么困难,都会勇敢面对。故选A。
    20 :B
    考查形容词辨析。句意:我相信我也因为这个项目变得更加坚强了。A. smart聪明的;B. strong坚强的;C. happy快乐的;D. busy忙碌的。根据前文I suffered a lot可知作者受了很多苦,但也正是这次经历使得作者成长,变得更加坚强。故选B。

    2020年高考真题
    1. 【2020·全国卷I】
    阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
    I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 .
    I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, "What if it isn’t a door?" That is, "What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?"
    Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can’t go outside now." Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
    41.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case
    42.A.admit B.believe C.mean D.realize
    43.A.gradually B.constantly C.temporarily D.casually
    44.A.result B.danger C.method D.truth
    45.A.merely B.slightly C.hardly D.partly
    46.A.reviewing B.approving C.receiving D.attempting
    47.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out
    48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
    49.A.parents B.twins C.colleagues D.teachers
    50.A.restrictions B.explanations C.differences D.consequences
    51.A.demand B.fear C.desire D.doubt
    52.A.physical B.biological C.spiritual D.behavioral
    53.A.traditional B.important C.double D.original
    54.A.life B.time C.reply D.history
    55.A.by comparison with B.in addition to C.regardless of D.instead of
    56.A.get hold of B.stare at C.knock on D.make use of
    57.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited
    58.A.safety rule B.comfort zone C.bottom line D.top secret
    59.A.delay B.regret C.enjoy D.accept
    60.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend
    这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门,引申出生活中的“门”,从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相,这样,孩子们才可以在生活的道路上,不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰,从而抓住机遇,勇往直前。
    41.C
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:原因是明显的。A. relief安慰; B. target目标;C. reason原因;D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
    42.A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们承认它是一扇门,他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认;B. believe相信;C. mean意味着;D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去,那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。
    43.B
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:如果我们承认它是一扇门,他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地;B. constantly不断地;C temporarily临时地;D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出,孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。
    44.D
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果;B. danger危险;C. method方法;D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试,和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。
    45.A
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:但是,我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户,阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过;B. slightly轻微地;C. hardly几乎不;D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们,所以轻描淡写地说,它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。
    46.D
    考查动名词词义辨析。句意:但是,我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户,阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾;B. approving赞成;C. receiving收到;D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。
    47.C
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:有一天,他们会开始了解真相,并且发现,一直以来,他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功;B. give up放弃;C. wake up开始了解真相;D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天,孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。
    48.B
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:有一天,他们会开始了解真相,并且发现,一直以来,他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A. dream梦想;B. lie谎言;C. fantasy幻想;D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户,可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。故选B。
    49.A
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想知道父母是否应该说出真相,无论结果如何。A. parents父母;B. twins双胞胎;C. colleagues同事;D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children,可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。
    50.D
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想知道父母是否应该说出真相,无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制;B. explanations解释;C. differences差异;D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相,孩子们就总想着打开门出去,这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。
    51.B
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求;B. fear害怕;C. desire欲望;D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
    52.C
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的;B biological生物的;C. spiritual心灵的;D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时,犹豫不前。由此可知,这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。
    53.B
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的; B. important重要的;C. double双重的;D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。由此可知,窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。
    54.A
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。A. life生活;B. time时间;C. reply回答;D. history历史。根据Then when
    they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。
    55.D
    考查短语辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比;B. in addition to除……之外;C. regardless of不管;D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎,今后,孩子们面对生活中的“门”时,会观望,而不是打开“门”。故选D。
    56.B
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住;B. stare at凝视;C. knock on敲击(门、窗);D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会,不是马上抓住它,而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知,孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。
    57.A
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:也就是说,假如它不是一个真的机会,将会怎么样?A. real真的;B. typical典型的;C. similar相似的;D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会,犹豫不前,是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。
    58.C
    考查名词短语词义辨析。句意:但是,底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则;B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线;D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。
    59.D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:我应该只是接受重复的说:“不,我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟;B. regret后悔;C. enjoy享受;D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时,我也不得不重复的说:“不,我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实,我只能接受。故选D。
    60.C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时,或真实或比喻,他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们,然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙;B. decide决定;C. hesitate犹豫;D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时,孩子们将不再犹豫,大踏步向前走。故选C。
    2. 【2020·全国卷III】
    阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
    I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
    That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
    41.A.shopkeepers B.customers C.salespersons D.receptionists
    42.A.saying B.pretending C.guessing D.replying
    43.A.agree B.promise C.imagine D.swear
    44.A.forget B.decide C.discover D.assume
    45.A.foods B.catalogues C.belongings D.goods
    46.A.particular B.different C.matching D.natural
    47.A.fighting B.smiling C.waiting D.changing
    48.A.generous B.polite C.careless D.difficult
    49.A.curious about B.displeased with C.patient with D.uncertain about
    50.A.relaxed B.delighted C.surprised D.embarrassed
    51.A.searched B.argued C.prayed D.apologized
    52.A.by chance B.by herself C.on purpose D.on duty
    53.A.rude B.such C.other D.lonely
    54.A.lesson B.trick C.skill D.trade
    55.A.work B.shop C.meet D.quarrel
    56.A.kindly B.secretly C.personally D.casually
    57.A.ready B.away C.up D.well
    58.A.out of sight B.in the way C.behind the scene D.above the law
    59.A.stress B.expect C.handle D.blame
    60.A.ruins B.makes C.starts D.saves
    这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人,遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客,而有一个难缠的顾客,一开始对每件事都不满意,结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者,是因为自己和丈夫分居了,于是把气撒到其他人身上,这让作者学到了宝贵的一课,那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾,不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时,结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
    41.B
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样,顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主;B. customers顾客;C. salespersons售货员; D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人,因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
    42.A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们会冲进来,说手提包被偷了。A. saying说;B. pretending假装;C. guessing猜测;D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选A。
    43.D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了,搞得一团糟,然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意;B. promise承诺;C. imagine想象;D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里,信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
    44.C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了,搞得一团糟,然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记;B. decide决定;C. discover发现;D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室,结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。
    45.D
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们会试用商店里一半的商品,只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物;B. catalogues目录;C. belongings所有物;D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
    46.A
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们会试用商店里一半的商品,只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. particular特别的;B. different不同的;C. matching相配的;D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品,结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色(particular)没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。
    47.B
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:我知道店员会有多沮丧,但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架;B. smiling微笑;C. waiting等待;D. changing改变。结合上文可知,一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为,面对这种情况,虽然店员会很沮丧,“但是”一词边是转折,与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反,结合选项,B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
    48.D
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的;B. polite礼貌的;C. careless粗心的;D. difficult难缠的,困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满,很难缠。故选D。
    49.B
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:她对每件事都很不满意,没有什么是对的,令我相当惊讶的是,她居然成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇;B. displeased with对……不满意;C. patient with对……有耐心;D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。
    50.C
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她对每件事都很不满意,没有什么是对的,令我相当惊讶的是,她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的;B. delighted高兴的;C. surprised惊讶的;D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意,但是居然成了“常客”,这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。
    51.D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:不久,她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索;B. argued争论;C. prayed祈祷;D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠,对一切都不满,结果后来成了常客,她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。
    52.B
    考查介词短语辨析。句意:她一周前和丈夫分居了,现在一个人住在一套公寓里,因为她觉得实在难以应付,就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然;B. by herself她独自地;C. on purpose故意地;D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了,因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
    53.C
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她一周前和丈夫分居了,现在一个人住在一套公寓里,因为她觉得实在难以应付,就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的;B. such这样的;C. other其他的;D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力,于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。
    54.A
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:这给我上了宝贵的一课,我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课程,教训;B. trick诡计;C. skill技能;D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟,可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。
    55.A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:这给我上了宝贵的一课,我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作;B. shop购物;C. meet会面;D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选A。
    56.C
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:别太在意。A. kindly亲切地;B. secretly秘密地;C. personally亲自地;D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你,要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意,把这些放在心上”。故选C。
    57.D
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地;B. away离开;C. up向上;D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。故选D。
    58.B
    考查介词短语辨析。句意:一定要淡化它,不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见;B. in the way妨碍,挡道;C. behind the scene幕后;D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客,要淡化这种不好的情绪,不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
    59.C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你这样做了,你将无法处理它,整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面,毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调;B. expect期待;C. handle处理;D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
    60.A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你这样做了,你将无法处理它,整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面,毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭;B. makes制作;C. starts开始;D. saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面,那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。
    3. 【2020·江苏卷】
    阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
    Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives.
    When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38 of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
    When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.
    Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 .
    Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54 . He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens.
    36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects
    37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps
    38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure
    39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely
    40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare
    41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus
    42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily
    43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed
    44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed
    45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to
    46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic
    47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent
    48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness
    49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept
    50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before
    51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations
    52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential
    53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses
    54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision
    55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits
    这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外,威尔逊失明了。但是,他并没有抱怨命运的不公,而是努力地学习,接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力,获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。
    36. A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. depends依靠;B. holds握,持有;C. keeps保持;D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知,仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on:取决于。故选A。
    37. C
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. dilemmas进退两难的处境;B. accidents意外事故;C. events事,事件;D. steps脚步,步骤。结合文章最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens”可知,我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。
    38. A
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法,方式;B. hope希望;C. plan计划;D. measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。
    39. D
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地;B. gradually逐渐地;C. gracefully优雅地;D. completely完全地。结合下文可知,一场意外导致他失明,这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。
    40. B
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A. direct指导,引导;B. show展示;C. advocate提倡,倡导;D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。
    41. C
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. Anyway无论如何,不管怎样;B. Moreover而且;C. Somehow不知怎么地;D. Thus因此。不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。
    42. A
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. mistakenly错误地;B. casually随意地;C. amazingly令人惊奇地;D. clumsily笨拙地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水,结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。
    43. B
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:当威尔逊把它加热时,容器爆炸了,导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发,喷出;B. exploded爆炸;C. emptied腾空,掏空;D. exposed揭露,使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水,而是更容易挥发的物质,所以,当威尔逊把它加热时,容器“爆炸”了,导致Wilson失明。故选B。
    44. B
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得,应得,应受;B. attempted视图,尝试;C. cared关心,在乎; D. agreed同意。孩子失明了,身为父母,他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B。
    45. D
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交,服从……;B. catered for迎合;C. impressed on给……留下印象;D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。
    46. D
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的;B. extraordinary不同寻常的;C. impressive给人深刻印象的;D. catastrophic灾难性的,毁灭性的。根据上文his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识,失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知,威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D。
    47. A
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在那里,他不仅是一名出色的学生,而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A. accomplished才华高的,有成就的;B. crucial至关重要的,关键性的;C. specific特定的,具体的;D. innocent无辜的,天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文,并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知,他不仅是个好学生,而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。
    48. C
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:后来,他在非洲工作,那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness聋,听力不佳;B. depression沮丧;C. blindness瞎;D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知,很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知,在非洲,有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。故选C。
    49. D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定;B. abandon抛弃;C. control控制;D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知,威尔逊失明之后,他没有抱怨命运的不公,反而努力进取,由此推知,他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。
    50. B
    考查连接词词义辨析。句意:对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到;B. when在……情况下,当……时候;C. unless如果不;D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下,让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。
    51. C
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对;B. adjustments调整,调节;C. commitment奉献,投入;D. limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知,威尔逊行动起来,努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”,很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选C。
    52. A
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable可预防的,可阻止的;B. potential潜在的,有潜力的;C. spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的;D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知,威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。
    53. C
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学金;B. rewards奖励,回报;C. awards奖,奖品;D. bonuses红利,津贴。因为他的巨大贡献,威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。
    54. D
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:他失明了,但找到了视野。A. fortune运气,财富;B. recipe食谱,秘诀;C. dream梦,梦想;D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知,虽然威尔逊失明了,但是他却通过努力,帮助了很多人,为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知,他虽然看不见,但是他的“眼界”开阔,做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。
    55. B
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活,而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分,辨别;B. determines决定;C. claims宣称;D. limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知,成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即:并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活,而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。
    4. 【2020·天津卷】
    阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
    Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 16 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 17 in a clever way. The 18 ? Chat benches.
    Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 19 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually 22 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.
    This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 23 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 24 to do something about it. He 25 the police department to allow him to 26 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 27 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 28 conversations.
    The idea is catching on 29 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 30 outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 31 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
    This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded- -it’s also a 34 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.
    The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future.
    16.A.choice B.discovery C.visit D.promise
    17.A.experienced B.suffered C.prevented D.felt
    18.A.solution B.puzzle C.excuse D.intention
    19.A.pleasure B.prize C.credit D.money
    20.A.eventually B.frequently C.previously D.occasionally
    21.A.ashamed B.shocked C.excited D.amused
    22.A.mind B.forgive C.risk D.enjoy
    23.A.active B.lonely C.cautious D.stubborn
    24.A.learned B.refused C.pretended D.decided
    25.A.forced B.ordered C.convinced D.taught
    26.A.put away B.make out C.tear apart D.set up
    27.A.read B.claimed C.meant D.implied
    28.A.formal B.joyful C.awkward D.crazy
    29.A.randomly B.slowly C.quickly D.purposefully
    30.A.positive B.disappointing C.correct D.embarrassing
    31.A.realized B.examined C.discussed D.formed
    32.A.break down B.put up C.keep off D.take out
    33.A.glance B.attempt C.knock D.attack
    34.A.heart-breaking B.risk-taking C.face-saving D.crime-cutting
    35.A.forbids B.appoints C.encourages D.troubles
    这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”,帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目,它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。
    16.B
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择;B. discovery发现;C. visit参观;D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大的发现。故选B。
    17.C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历;B. suffered遭受;C. prevented阻止;D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题,有阻止的方法。故选C。
    18.A
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案?长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案;B. puzzle谜;C. excuse借口;D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选A。
    19.D
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure快乐;B. prize奖品;C. credit信用; D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31,000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。
    20.A
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话,他最终让她相信他是她的朋友,然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后;B. frequently频繁地;C. previously先前;D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑,由此可知,他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。
    21.B
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧的;B. shocked震惊的;C. excited兴奋的;D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑,一个人被骗了很多钱,她一定会很生气。然而,这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。
    22.A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。A. mind介意;B. forgive原谅;C. risk冒险;D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。
    23.B
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论,在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人,他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的;B. lonely孤独的;C. cautious小心的; D. stubborn顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则,我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”,结合下文,琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社区中,有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。
    24.D
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习;B. refused拒绝;C. pretended假装;D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动,由此可知,琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。
    25.C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长椅”。A. forced强迫;B. ordered命令;C. convinced说服;D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”,由此可知,他是说服了警察局。故选C。
    26.D
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。A. put away放好;B. make out辨认出;C. tear apart把……弄乱;D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。
    27.A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子,上面写着:“聊天愉快。” A. read写着;B. claimed宣称;C. meant意味;D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read,故选A。
    28.B
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后,他发现人们坐在那里,进行着积极愉快的交谈。A. formal正式的;B. joyful愉快的; C. awkward尴尬的;D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实现了,结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”,可知人们坐在那里,进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。
    29.C
    考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地;B. slowly缓慢地;C. quickly很快地;D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。
    30.A
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的;B. disappointing令人失望的;C. correct正确的;D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了,”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此,推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。
    31.A
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现;B. examined检查;C. discussed讨论;D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此可知,琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。
    32.A
    考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破; B. put up提供;C. keep off不接近;D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知,“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。
    33.B
    考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance一瞥; B. attempt尝试;C. knock敲打;D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B。
    34.D
    考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的;B. risk-taking冒险的;C face-saving顾全面子的;D. crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历,可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。
    35.C
    考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目,鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止;B. appoints任命;C. encourages鼓励;D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果,可知“聊天长椅”,鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。
    2019年高考真题
    1. 【2019·全国卷I】
    阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro.
    Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
    However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___.
    The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___51___ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ___54___ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ___55___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
    Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.
    41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
    42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
    43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
    44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
    45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
    46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
    47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
    48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
    49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
    50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
    51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
    52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
    53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
    54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
    55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
    56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
    57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
    58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
    59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
    60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
    【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山,他们带来了垃圾,破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失,改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑,想一探究竟。当他来到这里,他发现当地环保措施很到位,同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
    41.D
    【解析】考查动词辨析。A. keep保持;B. mix混合;C. connect联系;D. bring带来。句意:他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知,登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
    42.C
    【解析】考查名词辨析。A. stories故事;B. buildings建筑物;C. crowds人群;D. reporters记者。句意:人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知,这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
    43. C
    【解析】考查名词辨析。A.position位置;B.age年龄;C. face外貌;D. name名字。句意:冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。
    44. B
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. silent 沉默的;B. skepetical怀疑的;C. serious严肃的;D. crazy疯狂的。句意:听到这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,作者想解开这个怀疑。故be skepetical about“对……怀疑”符合句意。故B选项切题。
    45. A
    【解析】考查动词辨析。A. discover发现;B. argue争论;C. decide决定;D. advocate提倡。句意:然而,我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed ”可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
    46. C
    【解析】考查名词辨析。A.equipment装备 ;B. grass 草C. camps 营地;D. stone石头。句意:我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps ”可知,本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
    47. D
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的;B. quiet安静的C. tall高的; D. clean干净的。句意:我发现了一座干净的山,营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知,营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
    48. C
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. new新的;B. special特殊的;C. significant相当大的;D. necessary必要的。句意:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知,很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
    49.A
    【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off还清,报偿;B.spreading out伸展;C. blowing up爆炸;D. fading away;逐渐消退。句意:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知,前后表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。
    50.B
    【解析】考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围;B. experience经历;C. experiment实验;D.sight视力。句意:在我看来,来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
    51.D
    【解析】考查动词辨析。A. studied学习;B. observed观察;C. explored探索;D. regarded认为。句意:山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space ”,可知,山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as“被视为......”符合句意。故D选项切题。
    52. A
    【解析】考查名词辨析。A. view景色 ;B.quality质量 ;C. reason原因;D. purpose目的 句意:在乞力马扎罗,当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统,所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
    53.B
    【解析】考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家;B. climbers 登山者;C. locals当地人; D. officials官员。句意:在乞力马扎罗,当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山,也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
    54.D
    【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A.holding on to抓住;B. going back to回到(原来的话题);C. living up to履行;D. giving way to向......让步。句意:热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way to“向......让步”符合句意。故D选项切题。
    55.A
    【解析】考查动词辨析。A. changes改变;B. clears放晴;C. improves提高; D.permits允许。句意:再往上走,天气变了--低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds ”可知,生态系统不同,天气也是不同的,是变化的。故A选项切题。
    56. C
    【解析】考查动词辨析。A. match匹配;B. imagine想象;C. count数;D.add增加。句意:我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
    57.B
    【解析】考查名词辨析。A. village村庄; B. desert 沙漠,荒地;C. road马路;D.lake湖 。句意:海拔4000米以上是高山寒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave,stones and rocks”可知,拔4000米以上是高山寒漠。故B选项切题。
    58. D
    【解析】考查副词辨析。A.Obviously明显地;B.Easily容易地;C.Consequently结果;D.Finally最后地。句意:海拔4000米以上是高地沙漠:砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。
    59. A
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. permanent.永久的;B.little小的;C.fresh新鲜的;D.artifical人造的。句意:很明显,你爬进了一个类似北极的地带,那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic -like zone”可知,这是一个类似北极的地带,所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
    60.B
    【解析】考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受;B.deserve值得;C. save挽救;D. acquire获得。句意:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山,挤满了成群的游客,破坏了宁静的气氛,它值得这样的名声吗?。这里作者在疑问乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。
    2. 【2019·江苏卷】
    请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
    Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.
    Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their ___39___ since she arrived in 2004.
    Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them, which made it ___45___ for her to become a mother.
    ___46___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
    The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the ___50___, and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
    How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the ___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better ___55___.
    36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
    37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove
    38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration
    39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story
    40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized
    41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice
    42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully
    43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated
    44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation
    45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible
    46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead
    47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system
    48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled
    49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant
    50. A.list B. rise C. agenda D. decline
    51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary
    52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify
    53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward
    54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects
    55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion
    【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代,野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁,每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之一。但是,有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。Chris和Tim通过努力,帮助一只名叫Emma的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。
    36.D
    【解析】考查动词辨析。根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知,野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁,每天都有一些物种灭绝,即:“消失”。D选项正确。
    37.B
    【解析】考查动词辨析。前文提到每天都有物种消失,那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种,使它们免于灭绝。故B选项正确。
    38.C
    【解析】考查名词辨析。上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种,由此推知,该处应指Chris和Tim帮助濒危物种繁殖,增加它们的数量,这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”,C选项正确。
    39.A
    【解析】考查名词辨析。自从2004年,Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选A。
    40.C
    【解析】考查动词辨析。根据空后的“human caretakers”可知,caretaker当然是照看Emma的。故该句应指:出生在一个国际鹤基地,Emma由人类抚养照看。故选C。
    41.B
    【解析】考查名词辨析。根据空后的though(尽管)可知,though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到,她过得很开心。根据转折关系,那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B选项正确。
    42A
    【解析】考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans…even …killing some of them”等内容可知,因为Emma一直由人类照看,所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤,而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。
    43.B
    【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文,Emma不把自己当作鹤,所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B选项正确。
    44.D
    【解析】考查名词辨析。根据even(甚至)这个递进关系可知,Emma不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起,而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故D选项正确。
    45.D
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活,这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤,成为妈妈。D选项正确。
    46.C
    【解析】考查连词辨析。上文提到Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活,使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知,上下文之间是转折关系。C选项正确。
    47.A
    【解析】考查名词辨析。经过努力,Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A选项正确。
    48.D
    【解析】考查动词辨析。Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起,这使得Emma诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”,D选项正确。
    49.C
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后文的more efforts must be made可以推知,尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲,但是他们还需要付出更多努力,因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心(白鹤不会灭绝)。故选C。assured意为“确定的,有把握的,自信的”。
    50.D
    【解析】考查动词辨析。根据because可知,前后句之间是因果关系,根据more efforts must be made可以推知,野生白鹤数量在减少,所以,还要付出更多的努力(来挽救白鹤灭绝)。故D选项正确。
    51.B
    【解析】考查介词辨析。前文提到:野生白鹤数量正在减少,很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到,并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想,感情,以及平等生存的权利。很明显,该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故B选项正确。after all:毕竟(用于解释和说明理由)。
    52.B
    【解析】考查动词辨析。针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象,作者提出一个问题:我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢?B选项正确。
    53.C
    【解析】考查名词辨析。前文提出一个问题:我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢?Chris和Tim的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C选项正确。
    54.A
    【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出,人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即:人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A选项正确。
    55.A
    【解析】考查名词辨析。根据转折词but可以推知,人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A选项正确。
    3. 【2019·天津卷】
    阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
    I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night,when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus,which was now speeding in the dark to some______16______station.
    The____17____moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the_____18_____of that little wallet?The credit cards,the driver's license,the cash,all lost to the bus.
    Two hours later,back at my house,I heard a knock on the door. My husband _____19_____it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet,with not a penny_____20_____. She left before I could ____21____ make it to the door to offer my thanks.
    After sharing the story online,I heard from someone,who ____22____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___23___ ,I called to thank her. She said she ____24____ my wallet on a bus seat. She_____25_____that going to a stranger's house was a ____26____ move,but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that ____27____ I would want someone to try to find me," she said.
    This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ____28____ ,but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin ____29____ my wallet on the bus,she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum(论坛),trying to see ____30____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never ____31____ words with those moms beyond small tall,but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever,but that's not how the people I_____32_____tend to act.
    ___33___,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone ____34____what almost anyone would have done,finding my house on a bitterly cold night,and for that I was extremely ____35____ .
    16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient
    17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping
    18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients
    19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted
    20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned
    21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even
    22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined
    23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation
    24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted
    25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended
    26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal
    27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere
    28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure
    29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of
    30. A. if B. where C. how D. when
    31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered
    32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany
    33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back? D. Coming along
    34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond
    35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful
    【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上,Erin捡到了作者的钱包,在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动。文章叙述了事情的来龙去脉和作者的感受。
    16. C
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知,作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上,而汽车正在开往某个作者未知的地方,这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫,因此作者心生“恐惧”。故C选项(unknown)切题。
    17. D
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知,作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后,作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近,D选项(heart-stopping)切题:令人心跳停止的,惊心动魄的。
    18. B
    【解析】考查名词辨析。该空指下文中提到的“the credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash”,这些都是钱包里装的东西。故选B(content):所含之物,所容纳之物。
    19.B
    【解析】考查动词辨析。两小时后有人敲门,丈夫去应门。B选项(answer)切题:应(门);接(电话);应答。
    20. D
    【解析】考查动词辨析。结合下文的陈述可知,那位女士捡到了作者的钱包,她拾金不昧,将钱包完璧归赵。由此可以推知,该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故A选项(missing)切题:不见的,丢失的。
    21. D
    【解析】考查副词辨析。作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士,她就离开了。该空表示“甚至”,故选D选项(even):甚至。
    22. C
    【解析】考查动词辨析。在网上分享了这个故事之后,作者收到了某个人的来信,这个人确认了那位女士是Erin Smith。C选项(identify)切题:确认,认出,识别。
    23. A
    【解析】考查动词辨析。找到了那位拾金不昧的女士,作者当然要“马上,毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。A选项(delay)切题:耽搁,延迟。
    24. D
    【解析】考查动词辨析。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上,Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”,故选D选项(spot):发现,认出。
    25. C
    【解析】考查动词辨析。根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知,这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时,Erin又不认识作者。由此推知,该句应指:Erin估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C选项(calculate)正确:估算,估计,预料。
    26. B
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的转折词but可知,该句和she decided to take the chance(她决定冒险)是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项(risky)正确:冒险的。
    27. C
    【解析】考查名词辨析。该句叙述的是Erin当时的想法:“如果我处在那种情况下(指丢了钱包这种情形),我希望有个人努力地找到我”。该空表示“情况,情形”,故选C选项(situation):情况,情形。
    28.A
    【解析】考查名词辨析。作者丢了钱包,对于作者来说,这是一个“危机,危难时刻”。故选A选项(crisis):危机,危难时刻。
    29. D
    【解析】考查动词短语辨析。Erin捡到了作者的钱包,在归还作者之前,钱包在Erin的手里,Erin暂时“拥有,占有”作者的钱包。故D选项正确。take possession of意为“拥有,占有”。
    30. A
    【解析】考查连词辨析。Erin把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里,想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”,故选A选项(if):是否。
    31. B
    【解析】考查动词辨析。根据后面的转折词but可知,该句和后面一句(她们想帮忙)转折关系,由此推知,该句指:除了闲聊,作者和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话,即:从未和她们“交换过词语”。B选项(exchange)正确:交换,互换。
    32. A
    【解析】考查动词辨析。作者曾经读到这样的说法:人们比以往更加四分五裂,即:人们不像以前那样团结,不像以前那样互相帮助了。但是,作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的Erin,two moms都是作者遇到的人。故A选项(encounter)正确:偶遇,遇到,邂逅。
    33. C
    【解析】考查动词短语辨析。回顾发生的这件事,作者感到很幸运:有人想帮助一个陌生人。C选项(look back)正确:回顾,追忆。
    34.D
    【解析】考查介词辨析。根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知,一般人在捡到别人的钱包后,都不会像Erin那样亲自归还失主。因此该句指:Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过,超越”,故选D选项(beyond):超过,超越。
    35. D
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。Erin在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包,作者对此非常感激。D选项(grateful)正确:感激的。
    2018年高考真题
    1.【2018·全国卷I】
    阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him.
    Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
    Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.
    41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
    42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
    43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
    44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor
    45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant
    46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest
    47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat
    48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job
    49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible
    50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe
    51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare
    52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally
    53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment
    54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation
    55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised
    56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill
    57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments
    58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control
    59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate
    60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior
    【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程——下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。
    41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时,学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程,这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程,是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出; jumped at急于接收;tried out尝试;turned down拒绝。故选B。
    42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时,学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程,这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程,是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费;earn赚钱; save节省;pay付钱。故选C。
    43.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋,即便是我对免费的学分不激动,单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。excited激动的;兴奋的;worried担心的;moved感动的;tired劳累的。故选A。
    44.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋,即便是我对免费的学分不激动,单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。title头衔;题目; competitor竞赛者;textbook教科书; instructor导师。故选D。
    45.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Urged督促 ;demanded要求; held握住; meant意味着。故选D。
    46.C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Fastest最快的;easiest最早的;best最好的;rarest最稀少的。故选C。
    47.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。Interview面试; meet见面; challenge挑战;beat击败。故选B。
    48.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书,这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。Chance机会;qualification合格;honor荣誉;job工作。故选D。
    49.C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中,他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。Real真实的;perfect完美的; clear清楚的; possible可能的。故选C。
    50.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试,我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。Attend参加;pass通过; skip跳跃; observe遵守。故选B。
    51.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于……
    52.A 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。最终,把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。eventually最终;naturally自然地; directly直接地;normally正常地。故选A。
    53.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。game游戏;presentation介绍;陈述;course课程;experiment实验。故选C。
    54. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。Criterion标准;classroom教室;department部门;系; situation情况。故选B。
    55.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里,我仍在应用他教我的东西。Taught教;wrote写;questioned提问;promised承诺。故选A。
    56.D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候,学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Fact事实;step步;manner方式;skill技能。故选D。
    57.B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候,学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Grades等级;decisions决定;impressions印象;comments评论。故选B。
    58.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势,审视对手要做什么。Analyze分析;describe描述;rebuild重建;control控制。故选A。
    59.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中,评估出最好的一步。Announce宣布;signal发信号;block阻塞;evaluate评估。故选D。
    60.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。
    2.【2018·浙江卷】
    阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
    We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much?
    I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ___39____
    When I got into college, things __40 . I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this ___41___ there was no sense of ___42____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 .Once that happened, I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work alone.
    One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 48 ,I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed.
    So, try 53 your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it.
    36. A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible
    37. A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect
    38. A. watched B. loved. C. coached D. played
    39.A. at last B. right away C. of course D. mattered
    40.A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered
    41.A. extra B .difficult. C. valuable D. limited
    42.A. duty B. achievement C .urgency D. direction
    43.A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit
    44. A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling
    45. A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off
    46. A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired
    47. A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making
    48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding
    49.A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply
    50.A. childhood B. college C. town D. business
    51.A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept
    52. A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way
    53.A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading
    54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact
    55. A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind
    【文章大意】作者通过亲身经历告诉我们:拥有太多时间就会拖延做事情,时间紧迫反而能合理安排时间把事情做好。
    36.D 【解析】考查形容词。A. true真实的;B. fair公平的;C. strange奇怪的;D. possible可能的。句意:我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值,但是拥有的时间太多可能会把事情做好吗?表示“可能的”,表示作者的疑问,故选D。
    37.A 【解析】考查动词。A. remember记得;B. admit承认;C. understand理解;D. expect期望。此处表示回忆起高中时自己的生活,表示“回忆起”是remember back,故选A。
    38.D 【解析】考查动词。A. watched观察;B. loved热爱;C. coached训练;D. played玩。此处指自从我进行团体体育锻炼后多数时间在学校,表示“进行体育锻炼”是play sport,故选D。
    39.B 【解析】考查固定短语。A.at last最后;B. right away立刻,马上;C. of course当然;D. mattered因为在校时间多,在家做作业的时间就少了,所以在家时必须马上写作业。下文do my school work immediately给了提示,故选B。
    40.C 【解析】考查动词。A. happened发生;B. repeated重复;C. changed改变;D. mattered要紧。大学生活和高中生活不一样,所以说发生了改变。根据常识选C。
    41.A 【解析】考查形容词。A. extra额外的;B .difficult.困难的;C. valuable有价值的;D. limited有限的。此处指大学里有许多额外的时间,故选A。
    42.C 【解析】考查名词。A. duty责任;B. achievement成就;C .urgency紧急;D. direction方向。大学里没有马上做作业的紧迫感,与高中时抓紧时间做作业形成对比,故选C。
    43.D 【解析】考查名词。A. burden负担;B. relief救济;C. risk冒险;D. habit习惯。由于不急着写作业,所以后来就形成了等的习惯。故选D。
    44.A 【解析】考查动词。A. pushing推;B. taking拿;C. setting放置;D. calling呼唤。与上文的waiting呼应,指形成等的习惯后,我就不断地把学习往后推,越推越远。根据常识也可知答案,故选A。
    45.B 【解析】考查动词短语。A. hanging out挂出,常去某处;B. staying up熬夜; C. jogging round慢跑;D. showing off炫耀。根据late at night可知是熬夜,此处指作业等到最后熬夜完成,故选B。
    46.A 【解析】考查动词。A. met遇见;B. helped帮助;C. treated治疗;D. hired雇用。此处指遇到了以前的同学,根据句意选A。
    47.D 【解析】考查动词。A. raising举起;B. wasting浪费;C. demanding要求;D. making获得。此处指经营副业挣了许多钱,“挣钱”是make money,故选D。
    48.C 【解析】考查形容词。A. safe安全的;B. important重要的;C. boring无聊的;D. rewarding有益的。因为他的常规工作是无聊的,所以作者建议他把副业作为全职工作。故选C。
    49.D 【解析】考查副词。A. luckily幸运地;B. hardly几乎不;C. hopefully有希望地;D. simply简单地。朋友说如果没有这个工作,很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。根据句意可知选D。
    50.B 【解析】考查名词。A. childhood童年时期;B. college大学;C. town城镇;D. business商业。他就会像我大学时一样因为有太多的时间而不忙着做事,与上文内容呼应,故选B。
    51.A 【解析】考查动词。A. quit放弃;B. found发现; C. accepted接受; D. kept保持。如果他放弃工作,就会失去工作和成功的动力。与作者的建议呼应,故选A。
    52.C 【解析】考查名词。A. heart心脏;B. chance机会;C. drive驱动力;D. way方法。此处指如果他放弃工作,就失去了紧迫感,就会失去工作和成功的动力。表示“动力”,故选C。
    53.B 【解析】考查动词。A. saving节约;B. filling up装满;C. giving up放弃;D. trading交易。句意:试着用其他工作装满你的时间,使自己忙起来。故选B。
    54.C 【解析】考查名词。A. message消息;B. story故事;C. saying谚语;D. fact事实。此处指if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it.这句谚语,故选C。
    55.B 【解析】考查形容词。A. careful小心的;B. busy忙碌的;C. reliable可靠的;D. kind善良的。此处指如果你想做某事,请忙碌的人去做。忙碌的人会抓紧时间完成,不忙的人只会拖延时间。故选B。



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