2023年高考押题预测卷02（上海专用）-英语（考试版）A3

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2023年高考押题预测卷02

英  语

1. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. In a restaurant.         B. In a hospital.

C. At a theater.          D. At a railway station.

2. A. Husband and wife.        B. Brother and sister.

C. Teacher and student.        D.Clerk and customer

3. A. Sam turned it in.         B. He turns in the lock.

C. It was in the lock.         D. He got it from Sam

4. A. Coffee.           B. A chocolate milk shake.

C. Tea.           D. A vegetable salad.

5. A. She thinks they can’t go to the theatre without the car.

B. She suggests going to the theatre by subway

C. She believes the man’s brother will let them use the car first.

D. She thinks the theatre is far away from here.

6. A. He hates going to the piano course

B. He would like to make decisions himself.

C. He is too old to learn the piano.

D. He is already good at playing the piano

7. A. She is already a teacher.

B. She doesn’t know what she will do after graduation

C. She has no desire to teach.

D. She likes teaching very much.

8. A. Read a book.          B.Write a composition.

C. Talk about a problem.        D. Listen to the radio.

9. A. Someone has told him where it is.     B. He doesn't know, either.

C. He knows where it is but can’t tell the woman.   D. He has asked someone for help.

10. A. She lost her car.         B. She drove here.

C. Something was wrong with her car.     D. She broke the traffic rules.

Section B

Directions: In Section B. you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation. you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question. read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. There are too many people everywhere

B. There are always too many cars in Tokyo.

C. The places where he wants to be are always very crowded.

D. The streets in Tokyo are narrow

12. A. At11:00 p.m.    B.At11:30 p.m.    C. At 12:00 p.m.   D. At 12 :30 p.m.

13. A. About 3,500.    B. About 35,000.    C. About 350,000.   D. About 3,500,000.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage

14. A.In Anhui Province.         B.In Shanxi Province.   

C.In Shandong Province.         D. In Hubei Province.

15. A.When he was building a house.

B.When he was digging a tomb in the fields.

C.When he was digging a channel to place pipes for tap water.

D. When he was cleaning his yard.

16. A. Three.      B.Four.      C. Five.      D. Six.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17. A. To be a pilot.        B. To be a scientist.

C. To be a interpreter.        D. To be a soldier.

18. A. She wants to teach English.     B. She wants to be a great scientist.

C. She wants to become the office leader.   D. She wants to be an interpreter.

19. A. They are describing a new dustbin   B. They are discussing the protection of environment.

C. They are collecting used batteries.    D. They are looking forward to attending a lecture.

20. A. To make full use of the metals left.   B. To protect the resources from being destroyed.

C. To call for stopping using plastic meal-boxes.  D. To awaken people to the environmental problem.

2. Grammar and Vocabulary   （每题1分；共20分）

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery Workers

A ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.

Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much___21___ (fast).

___22___it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason ___23___ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures ___24___ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.

E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police ___25___ also seize the bikes.

Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours___26___ (earn) enough money to live on.

Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work ___27___ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.

Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says ___28___ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.

Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, ___29___ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly aimed at low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument___30___ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes(酶)in the automobile to monitor ____31____ and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what The New York Times calls “Metal-hungry microbes(微生物)that might be used to ____32____ valuable trace metals from ocean water.” They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms. Nervous ____33____, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific competition in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills” that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and ____34____ release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and ____35____ scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger(动摇)the imagination.

Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby ____36____ the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers ____37____ to do our monotonous work for us? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of ____38____ kidneys, livers or hands?

Wild as these notions may sound, everyone has its ____39____ (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes ____40____ practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.”

3. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context

Deliberation is not always the best option

Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors ___41___ movement in the undergrowth, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the ___42___ to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals.

The question of when to trust your gut(直觉)and when to test your ___43___—whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist—___44___ in the office as much as it does in the savannah(大草原).

Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to ___45___ instinctive responses. From blind screening of job applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, precision ___46___ instinct.

Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently(固有的)less ___47___ to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the ___48___ of your company, say, or would this person work well with other people in a team? In ___49___ customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.

Gut instincts can also be ____50____. Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to ____51____ whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it ____52____ analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.

____53____, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is ____54____ but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to ____55____, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day.

41．A．uncovered B．spotted C．blocked D．encountered

42．A．capacity B．motive C．reluctance D．urge

43．A．consultation B．anticipation C．assumptions D．reaction

44．A．integrates B．matters C．works D．abuses

45．A．bring out B．pick out C．make out D．stamp out

46．A．equals B．comprises C．beats D．boosts

47．A．manageable B．adaptable C．familiar D．sensitive

48．A．attention B．opportunity C．status D．essence

49．A．rough B．tough C．nervous D．neutral

50．A．improved B．copied C．transferred D．weakened

51．A．ensure B．extinguish C．clarify D．assess

52．A．undertook B．outperformed C．facilitated D．paralleled

53．A．Likewise B．However C．Consequently D．Moreover

54．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything

55．A．cooperate B．prioritize C．convince D．strive

Section B 

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

 (A)

Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness, but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you could bottle this leadership X-factor—charisma—the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?

As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”

“They connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others’ feelings and concerns.”

“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills that allow them to walk the talk” Professor Riggio says.

“One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us. We think someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says. In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.

Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.

“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are open to out-of-the-box thinking, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence,” he says.

“A lot of charismatic leadership, and leadership in general, is very contextual. It’s really good in entrepreneurial firms. It’s also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because it inspires”, says Kai Peters, the chief executive of Ashridge Business School.

But not every organization needs a charismatic leader. Leaders loaded with the X-factor can be narcissistic (自恋的), self-glorifying, exploitative and authoritarian. As Peters says: “Where it is a problem is where you have ‘look at me, I’m a star.’’’

56．Which word is closest in meaning to “charisma” in the first paragraph?

A．Charm. B．Character. C．Gratitude. D．Optimism.

57．The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their ______.

A．proper role-playing skills B．subtle emotional expressiveness

C．marvellous problem-solving ability D．unconventionality in the crowds

58．According to Professor Knippenberg, what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us?

A．The one who has a heroical image.

B．The one who can speak for us.

C．The one who is a collective version of us.

D．The one who resembles us in characteristic.

59．What is Peters’ attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership?

A．Critical. B．Approved. C．Neutral. D．Suspicious.

 (B)

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61．For whom is the Lively Flip the most suitable?

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B．The urgent response button design is unique to the Lively Flip.

C．Fixed monthly fees are involved in the use of the Lively Flip.

D．The urgent response service is activated when the device is connected to the network.

 (C)

As artificial-intelligence products steadily improve at pretending to be human—an AI produced voice that books restaurant reservations by phone, for example, or a chat robot that answers consumers’ questions online—people will increasingly be put in the unsettling situation of not knowing whether they are talking to a machine. But the truth may make such products less effective: recent research finds a trade-off between transparency (透明度) and cooperation in human-computer interactions.

The study used a simple game in which paired players make a series of decisions to cooperate with or betray their partner. In the long run, it pays for both to keep cooperating—but there is always the temptation to betray and earn extra points short term, at the partner’s expense. The researchers used an Al algorithm (算法) that, when posing as a person, implemented a strategy that was better than people are at getting human partners to cooperate. But previous work suggested people tend to disbelieve machines, so the scientists wondered what would happen if the robot revealed itself as such.

The team hoped people playing with a known robot would recognize its ability to cooperate (without being a pushover) and would eventually get past their disbelief. “Sadly, we failed at this goal,” says Talal Rahwan, a computer scientist at New York University in Abu Dhabi and a senior author on the paper, published last November in Nature Machine Intelligence. “No matter what the algorithm did, people just stuck to their prejudice.” A robot playing openly as a robot was less likely to get cooperation than another human, even though its strategy was clearly more beneficial to both players. (In each mode, the robot played 50 rounds against at least 150 individuals.) In an additional experiment, players were told, “Data suggest that people are better off if they treat the robot as if it were a human.” It had no effect.

Virginia Dignum, who leads the Social and Ethical Artificial Intelligence group at Umea University in Sweden and was not involved in the study, praises the researchers for exploring the transparency-efficacy trade-off, but she would like to see it tested beyond the paper’s particular setup.

The authors say that in the public field, people should be asked for agreement to be deceived about a robot’s identity. It cannot be on an interaction-by interaction basis, or else the “deception” obviously will not work. But blanket permission for occasional deception, even if it can be obtained, still raises ethical quandaries (道德困境). Dignum says humans should have the option to know after they have interacted with a robot -but if she is calling customer service with a simple question, she adds, “I just want to get my answer.”

63．The word “trade-off ” is closest in meaning to __________.

A．balancing B．combining C．distinction D．agreement

64．According to the passage, what attitude do people generally take towards robots?

A．Highly positive. B．Casual. C．Strongly opposed. D．Distrustful.

65．What can be inferred about the research findings from the passage?

A．They fail to support the researchers’ assumption.

B．They will draw people’s attention to robots’ problems.

C．They are different from the previous research findings.

D．They can explain why people treat a robot like a human.

66．According to the passage, what is Virginia Dignum most likely to agree with?

A．Talal Rahwan’s research findings can’t apply to the real-world situations.

B．Blanket permission for interacting with a robot does more harm than good.

C．People needn’t be told that they are interacting with a robot on all occasions.

D．The relationship between transparency and efficacy has been fully explored.

Section C

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

A new study has found the amount of antibiotics(抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by two-thirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to rising demand for meat, milk and eggs. The researchers warn the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotics-resistant infections. _____67_____ Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better. _____68_____Increasing prosperity in Asia has meant people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and dairy products as they did 50 years ago. To meet that demand, farms have put many animals into smaller spaces.

Gail Hansen is a veterinarian-a doctor who treats animals-with the Pew Charitable Trusts, a research and advocacy group. “As the animals are crowded together, often times the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. ”

Dr. Hansen says antibiotics help the animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs, and that now-resistant bacteria can spread to people.

Doctors find that antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer do. ___69___Doctors say the heavy use of antibiotics in animals is one of several reasons for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year.  At least 23,000 die from an infection.

___70___ “The developing world doesn’t have to make all the same mistakes that we made as being the United States and Europe." She notes that Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And she adds the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.

IV.Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Selling your stuff online does not only help to declutter(清理) your home and get rid of things you don’t need, but it can also be a great source of income. Books you’re not planning on reading again taking up space on your shelf? Sell them online. Upgrading your phone? Find a local buyer on social media.Selling online comes with certain pitfalls too, though, and it pays to be diligent when you’re crossing the threshold(门槛) from customer to seller.

One thing you need to consider carefully is the platform on which you are going to advertise. Most big players in the field are so popular with sellers, not just because they can give you access to a bigger pool of potential customers, but also because they offer insurance both to the seller and the buyer, which gives both buyers and sellers more confidence. The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee(预付费) for using the platform, and may also have to sacrifice a cut of your profit to the company. What’s more, you need to build up a reputation before buyers can trust you-which means you might have to settle for lower prices until you have a high rating.

You can use some platforms that either charge a smaller fee for advertising or even no fee at all-but, in that case, what you will need to keep in mind is your safety, especially if the value of the product you’re selling is high. Most prospective buyers will be genuine, but it’s always best to meet during the day at a public place such as a coffee shop, a library, or a supermarket parking lot-anywhere monitored by security cameras is good. Always keep the product close to you, and check that the money has been released into your account or-if you’re being paid by cash-that you have been given the full amount before relinquishing your items.

A few more things to keep in mind: always be accurate with your descriptions of the items you are selling, especially if advertising on a big platform. The last thing you want is to be accused of fraud and banned from the website. Don’t give out your full name, either- keep your last name private. Identity theft might be rare in such transactions, but it’s always better to be careful.

You might think many of these sound like common sense rules, and they are, but many first-time sellers naively forget to take precautions when selling their stuff online. At the end of the day, it’s up to you to decide the way in which you are comfortable with conducting business online-but remember that a smart, prepared seller is a happy seller.

71.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets

72．宿舍里空无一人却门户大开，要是进贼了可怎么办? (what if)

73．在春暖花开的日子里，人们常常外出游玩，欣赏春天的美景。(when)

74．外面天气真冷，要是现在能喝到一碗老妈煮的热汤，一定能立即提升我的心情。（sure）

75．这位艺术家虽然遭遇不幸，但从不怨天怨地，而是潜心钻研，在绘画领域成绩斐然。(despite)

VI.Guided Writing  (共25分)

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese

学校学生会准备为文学社、英语社、体育社、艺术社等各社团招募新成员。假如你是其中一个社团的负责人，请你写一篇宣传稿介绍你们社团的情况。文章必须包括：

●简单介绍你们社团的特色或优势

●简要描述你们社团的发展规划

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