小升初英语语法专项讲解+练习学案：冠词（含答案）

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小升初语言知识运用冠词冠词是置于名词前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。但在用法上分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种。 一、不定冠词1.不定冠词 a/an（1）a用于以辅音音素或半元音/j/、/w/开头的单词。例如: a pear一个梨，a uniform 一件制服， a one-yuan pencil 一支一元的铅笔等。（2）an用于以元音音素开头的单词。例如: an apple一只苹果，an hour一小时， an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩等。 注意:元音音素开头的单词，首宇母不一定就是元音字母，例如:hour，honest 等单词，看起来是辅音字母h开头，但是发音时，h不发音，而是以元音开头，前面应加冠词 an。而有些如 university， uniform 等单词，看起来是元音字母 u 开头，但是读音 时发半元音/j/，所以前面应加冠词 a。 2.不定冠词的用法（1）用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”，例如: I have a new pencil-box. 我有一只新的铅笔盒。（2）表示一类人或物，例如:An elephant is strong. 大象是强壮的。（3）第一次提到的人或物，例如:Look, a boy is crying in the street. 看, 一个男孩在街上哭。（4）表示“每一”的意思，通常用在时间或计算单位前，例如: I go swimming once a week. 我每周游一次泳。 3.用于固定搭配词组have a look 看一下     a lot of 许多, 大量have a good time 玩得愉快    a great deal of ( + 不可数名词)大量take a break 休息一下     a number of ( + 可数名词) 许多take a walk 散步      a few（ + 可数名词）一些in a hurry 急匆匆地     a little（ + 不可数名词）一些half an hour 半小时 典型例题(　　　) There is _________ "c"and _________ "m"in the word "classroom".A. a; a   B. an; an   C. a; an   D. an; a正确答案 C解题思路c的发音是/si:/，属于辅音音素开头，前面应用a，而m的发音是 /em/，属于元音音素开头，前面应用 an，所以 C 是正确的。像这样以元音音素开头的字母还有: a， e， f， h， i， l， m， n， o， r， s， x。 二、定冠词定冠词 the 可放在可数名词的单数或复数以及不可数名词的前面。1.定冠词 the 的用法（1）特指某些人或物，例如:The man in black is my father. 那位穿黑衣服的男子是我的父亲。（2）指前面提到过的人或物，例如:I have a dog. The dog is white. 我有一只狗。这只狗是白色的。（3）指谈话双方都知道的人或事物，例如:What do you think of the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样?（4）指宇宙间独一无二的东西，例如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。（5）用于单数名词前表示一类人或事，例如:[来源:学科网]The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。（6）用于序数词前，例如:January is the first month of the year. 一月是一年的第一个月份。（7）用于形容词的最高级前，例如:Who is the tallest student in your class? 你们班谁是最高的学生?（8）用于方位和位置前，例如: at the top of 在…的顶部 at the back of 在…的后部at the bottom of 在…的底部 in the middle of 在…的中间 （9）用于某些专有名词前, 例如:江河: the Yangtze River 长江，the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河 山脉: the Alps 阿尔卑斯山，the Tianshan Mountains 天山海洋: the Pacific Ocean太平洋，the Yellow Sea黄海，the Black Sea黑海 湖泊: the West Lake 西湖群岛: the Hawaiian Islands 夏威夷群岛报纸、杂志: the New York Times《纽约时报》，People's Daily《人民日报》 巨大建筑: the Great Wall 长城，the British Museum 大英博物馆 朝代、时代: the Stone Age 石器时代，the Ming Dynasty 明朝 组织机构: the United Nations 联合国（10）用于含有普通名词的专有名称，例如:the United States of America 美利坚合众国the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the Summer Palace 颐和园（11）用于姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人，例如:The Wangs are having dinner now. 姓王的一家正在吃晚餐。（12）用于乐器名词前，例如:[来源:学*科*网]play the piano/the violin/the guitar 弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他（13）用于一些形容词前，表示某一类人，注意后面的动词要用复数，例如: the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人The young should respect the old. 年轻人应该尊重老年人。 用于固定搭配的词组 make the bed 铺床      at the beginning of 在…开始的时候lay the table 摆餐具     in the end 最后on the right/left 在右/左边   to tell the truth 说实话by the way 顺便说一下in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 典型例题 典型例题：(　　　) _________ young lady by _________ window is my aunt.A. The; a   B. A; the   C. The; the  D. A; a正确答案C解题思路 the young lady 中的 the 表示特指某人, by the window 中的 the window 表示谈话双方都知道的事物。三、零冠词以下几种情况不用任何冠词:1.一些专有名词前不加冠词例如: China 中国  Europe 欧洲2.月份、星期几、季节前不加冠词例如: January一月  Sunday 星期日I like autumn best. 我最喜欢秋季。3.一日三餐前不加冠词例如: All the students have lunch at school. 所有学生在学校吃午餐。注意:三餐前不加冠词，但是可以加形容词性的物主代词，例如:I had my breakfast at home this morning. 今天早上我在家吃早餐。4.球类运动或游戏前不加冠词例如: play football/basketball/volleyball/tennis踢足球/打篮球/打排球/打网球 play cards 打牌    play chess 下棋   play video games 玩电子游戏5.一些由普通名词构成的节日前不加冠词例如: National Day 国庆节  Christmas Day 圣诞节   New Year's Day 元旦6.可数名词的复数形式前不加冠词，表示一类例如:  I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。Rabbits are lovely. 兔子很可爱。7.表示交通或通讯方式的名词前不加冠词例如:  by/bus/car/taxi/train/plane 乘公共汽车/小汽车/出租车/火车/飞机 on foot 步行by radio/telephone/e - mail 通过收音机/电话/电子邮件8.零冠词的固定搭配的词组go to school 上学      at school 在校go to town 进城      at night 在夜晚go to bed 去睡觉      at noon 在正午at home 在家      in hospital (生病)住院 典型例题(　　　) _________ children are very happy on _________ Children's Day.The ; The  B./ ; /  C. / ; the   D. A ; /正确答案B解题思路该句话的意思是“孩子们在儿童节很快乐”。开头的 children 是泛指“孩子们”，用可数名词的复数形式表示一类，后面是由普通名词构成的节日，前面不加冠词，所以两个都是零冠词用法。 练习一、在下列名词前加上 a 或 an。1. _________ eraser    2. _________ knife3. _________ hour    4. _________ tiger  5. _________ orange    6. _________ university7. _________ melon    8. _________ garden9. _________ elephant    10. _________ fox11. _________ coat    12. _________ overcoat13. _________ waiter    14. _________ actor15. _________ useful book   16. _________ interesting movie17. _________ ant    18. _________ spider19. _________ Chinese boy   20. _________ American girl[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]答案：1. an  2. a  3. an  4. a  5. an  6. a  7. a  8. a  9. an  10. a  11. a  12. an  13. a  14. an  15. a  16. an  17. an  18. a  19. a  20. an 二、用 a， an， the 或/填空。1. _________ moon is bright in _________ sky.2. There is _________ orange skirt on _________ bed. _________ skirt is Mary's.3. John goes to _________ town by _________ car every weekend.4. Peter likes playing _________ football.5. Jenny often plays _________ piano after _________ supper in the evening.6. Where is your grandma? She is taking _________ walk in _________ garden.7. Peter goes to _________ school at 7: 30 every morning.8.  -- Where is your classroom?  - It's on _________ third floor.9. In some countries _________ rich are getting richer and _________ poor are getting poorer.10. My uncle has got _________ dog and _________ cat. dog is white and _________ cat is brown.11. After _________ supper, I often watch TV news for half _________ hour.12. This is _________ shortest way to _________ Science Museum.13. _________ boy in blue is _________ tallest student in my class.14. At _________ top of the bookshelf, there is _________ old picture.15. We'll have _________ art lesson tomorrow afternoon.答案：1. The ; the  2. an ; the ; The  3. / ; , ; /  4. /  5. the ; /  6. a ; the  7. /  8. the  9. the ; the  10. a ; a ; The ; the  11. / ; an  12. the ; the  13. The ; the  14. the ; an  15. an 三、选择填空。(　　　)1. Let me have _________ look. It’s _________ ant.A. a; a    B. a; an    C. the; an(　　　)2. _________ sun rises in _________ east.A. The; the    B. A；/    C. A; the(　　　)3. By _________ way, it's _________ only pen I have in my pencil-boxA. the;/    B. the;the    C. /; the(　　　)4. We'll have _________ English lesson in _________ afternoon.A. an;/    B. a; the    C. an; the(　　　)5. _________ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The Brown   B. Browns   C. The Browns(　　　)6. _________ Smiths come from _________ America.A. The; the    B./; /     C. The; /(　　　)7. We play _________ badminton under tree./；/    B. /; the    C. the; the(　　　)8. Let's go for _________ walk after _________ supper.A. a；/    B. /; the    C. a; the(　　　)9. We often play _________ basketball in _________ afternoon.A./；/    B. /; the    C. the;the(　　　)10. I have _________ uncle who lives in _________ Japan.A. an;     B. a; the    C. an; the(　　　)11. There is _________ "h" and _________ "d" in the word "hand".A. a; a    B. an; an    C. an; a(　　　)12. There is _________ old man at _________ school gate.A. an;  /    B. an; the    C. the; the(　　　)13. We shall be late if we don't take _________ taxi.A. the     B. a     C. /(　　　)14. He is _________ teacher, _________ English teacher.A. a; an    B. a; the    C. a; a(　　　)15. _________ Shanghai is one of _________ biggest cities in China.A. The; the    B. /; the    C./; a[来源:Z§xx§k.Com](　　　)16. London is _________ capital of _________ Britain.A. the; the    B. the;/    C./；/(　　　)17. What _________ interesting story it is!A. a     B. an    C. the(　　　)18. It was _________ hottest day in last summer and I went there byA. /; the    B. the; a    C. the;/(　　　)19. _________ boy over there is from _________ Korea.A. The;/    B. A；/    C. The; the(　　　)20. Jenny eats _________ egg and _________ glass of milk in the morning.A. an; an    B. a; a    C. an; a(　　　)21. _________ English teachers' office is on _________ third floor.A. The;/    B. /; the    C. The; the(　　　)22. The man took _________ bus to buy _________ English book.A. a; a    B. a; an    C. /; an(　　　)23. -- Where is _________ eraser?  -- Oh, it's under _________ chair.A. the; the    B. an; the    C. an;a(　　　)24. We often play _________ table tennis after _________ school.[来源:Zxxk.Com]A. the; the    B. /; the    C./；/(　　　)25. Let's go to _________ cinema this weekend, OK?A. a     B. the    C. /答案：B  A  B  C  C  C  B  A  B  A      C  B  B  A  B  B  B  C  A  C      C  B  A  C  B 四、阅读短文，根据需要填入适当的冠词a，an或the，在不需要处填/。（1）This is _________ (1) clock. It's on _________ (2) wall of my room. Maybe you don't know it. Now let me tell you something about it. It has two hands. One is long, _________ (3) other is short. _________ (4) long hand is _________ (5) minute hand and there are 60 minutes in _________ (6) hour. _________ (7) short hand is _________ (8) hour hand and there are 24 hours in _________ (9) day. What time is it now? It's eight o’clock. I must do my homework now. After that I will go to _________ (10) bed. Goodbye!答案：1. a  2. the  3. the  4. The  5. the  6. an  7. The  8. the  9. a  10. / （2）My name is Mary. I have no school today. I get up early in _________ (1) morning. My parents and I go to _________ (2) small village by _________ (3) bus. We visit _________ (4) farmer's house. _________ (5) farmer's family is very glad to see us. Their house is very big and clean. It's near a lake. They can catch fish in _________ (6) lake. There are some fruit trees behind his house and there is _________ (7) vegetable garden. Near _________ (8) garden there is _________ (9) small house. That's for _________ (10) animals. The farmer often sells his chickens, ducks, fish and vegetables. They are very busy but they are very happy.答案：1. the  2. a  3. /  4. a  5. The  6. the  7. a  8. the  9. a  10. / 五、完形填空。（1）What's ___1___ most important thing in ___2___ world? I think it is to be healthy. We can live without money, houses, cars or computers, but we won't live ___3___ happy life if we are not healthy. Then how can we keep healthy? First, we must eat healthily. We should eat meat, vegetables, fruit and other kinds of food. Taking exercises is also very important. It can help us build ___4___ strong body. If you don't like sports you can walk for half ___5___ hour after ___6___ meals. Second, we must stay happy ___7___. I think making friends is one of ___8___ best ways to help us stay happy. Because when we are with our friends, we can share our happiness with them, or we can tell them our worries. Then we will be happy.___9___, keeping healthy is very important. Let's ___10___of ourselves.(　　　)1.A./   B. the   C. a(　　　)2. A. the   B. a    C. /(　　　)3. A. a   B. /    C. the(　　　)4. A. /   B. a    C. the(　　　)5. A. the   B. a    C. an(　　　)6. A. a   B. the   C. /(　　　)7. A. all time  B. all the time  C. all a time(　　　)8. A. a   B. the   C. /(　　　)9. A. In word  B. In a word  C. In the word(　　　)10. A. take care B. take the care  C. take a care答案：B  A  A  B  C  C  B  B  B  A （2）Peter is one of my classmates. He is ___1___ honest boy and he is always ready to help others. He is our monitor. Peter is good at ___2___ maths. He won ___3___ first prize in ___4___ maths competition last year and won honor for our class. He likes English. His pronunciation was regarded as ___5___ best in our school when he acted in ___6___ English play this term. Peter also likes ___7___ sports, especially basketball. He often plays ___8___ basketball with classmates after ___9___ school. He can play it very well. He says he wants to be ___10___ basketball player like Yao Ming in the future.(　　　)1.A.a   B. an   C. the(　　　)2. A. a   B. the   C. /(　　　)3. A. the   B. /    C. a(　　　)4. A. an   B. the   C. /(　　　)5.A./    B. a    C. the(　　　)6. A. a   B. the   C. an(　　　)7.A./    B. the   C. a(　　　)8. A. a   B. the   C. /(　　　)9. A. the   B. /    C. a(　　　)10. A. a   B. the   C. /答案：B  C  A  B  C  C  A  C  B  A