高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science获奖ppt课件

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Unit 3　The world of science
PART 1
语法导学
PART 2
达标检测
Period Four　Grammar—Present perfect passive
PART 1
语法导学
感悟规律 重点难点剖析
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
◆语法感知
现在完成时的被动语态表示________________________________。其构成形式为： __________________。当主语是第三人称单数时，其谓语用 _______________，如句1；当主语是非三单时，其谓语用 _______________，如句2，3，4，5；当主语是someone，anyone，something，anything等复合不定代词时，其谓语用_____________，如句6。
到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做
have/has been＋done
has been
done
have been done
has been done
◆语法精析
现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多同学在具体运用当中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题：1.构成现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/has been＋过去分词。
2.各种句式
3.使用的场合(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till/to now，since，before等连用。Thousands of man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.许多国家已经发射了数千颗人造卫星到太空中。The doctor hasn’t been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。
(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。How long has the machine been used?这台机器使用多久了？More than ten bridges have been built over the river in this city since it set up a new economic zone.自从这个城市建立了一个新的经济开发区以来，这条河上已经建了十多座桥了。
4.应注意的几个问题(1)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建成的。The bridge has been built.这座桥已经建好了。
(2)一些特殊动词，如：borrow，finish，begin，buy，start，return，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。这本书买了多长时间了？误 How long has this book been bought?正 How long ago was this book bought?但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买书。
(3)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。(4)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。We have built many houses in the past ten years.→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.
(5)带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。 We have given him the book.→He has been given the book.→The book has been given to him.(6)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。 I have told them to help you.→They have been told to help you.
PART 2
达标检测
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.How many suggestions _______________(give) to you so far?2.It is said that the temple ________________(repair) since last year.3.To my relief，the problem ______________(solve) up to now.4.This part of the seabed _________________(explore) many times.5.His sister left home in 1998，and ___________________(not，hear) of since then.6.The young trees _____________(water) often while he was staying here.7.Much information about these planets ____________(collect) the other day.8.The dictionaries are useful.They sell well and _____________(sell) out already.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
have been given
has been repaired
has been solved
has been explored
hasn’t been heard
were watered
was collected
have been sold
9.This book __________________ to many countries.这本书已被许多国家引进。10.Up to now no conclusion _________________ about who the first prize should go to.到现在也没有得出关于一等奖应该颁给谁的结论。11.Who _______________ by the new computer in your office?在你们办公室谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？
Ⅱ.完成句子
has been introduced
has been reached
has been helped
12.What problems __________________________ held yesterday?在昨天的会议上讨论了什么问题？13.More patients ________________ in the hospital since last year.自去年以来更多的病人在这家医院接受了治疗。
were discussed at the meeting
have been treated