中考英语分类汇编专题17 任务型阅读 考点3 完成句子或表格（教师版）

年中考真题英语分项汇编

专题17 任务型阅读

考点3 完成句子或表格

Passage 1（ •贵州省安顺市）

阅读短文,根据其内容完成文后的句子。

How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends? What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered（递送）? This was how things worked not very long ago. Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed greatly.

Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with our friends. Social media tools（社交媒体工具） let us see what our friends are busy with and maintain friendships.

The digital （数字）age also enables us to find people who share our interests. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.

But when you friend people online, does this mean that they really are your friends? It depends.

If people always exchange true personal information online, then yes, these friendships can be real and meaningful. But we need to remember that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. Sometimes smiling photos can hide real problems. On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog. A young person could be old；a woman could be a man；we could even be sharing our information with criminals.

But this doesn't mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater. Although technology has changed the way we acquire（获得）friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.

66. Ways of making friends and communicating with them have changed greatly because of ________.

67. To stay in touch with our faraway friends, we can ________.

68. Online friendships can be real and meaningful if people ________ with each other.

69. The phrase “throw the baby out with the bathwater” means “________” in Chinese.

70. This passage mainly talks about ________ of making friends online.

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，论述了发达的网络技术使得人们交友和保持友谊更简单了；但网络是把双刃剑，网络上的友情有真也有假，所以人们也要谨慎。

66. advances in technology/ developments in technology   

【解析】根据“Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed greatly”，可知是因为技术的发展，故答案为advances in technology/ developments in technology。

67. use social media tools   

【解析】根据“Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with our friends. Social media tools（社交媒体工具） let us see what our friends are busy with and maintain friendships”，可知我们可以使用社交工具，故答案为use social media tools。

68. exchange true personal information/share true personal information   

【解析】根据“If people always exchange true personal information online, then yes, these friendships can be real and meaningful”，可知是如果人们交换真实的个人信息，那就是真的友谊，故答案为exchange true personal information/share true personal information。

69. 丢弃不想要的东西的同时失去宝贵的东西   

【解析】该句字面意思为“把孩子连洗澡水一起丢掉”，再结合作者的观点，可知其深层含义是“丢弃不想要的东西的同时失去宝贵的东西”，故答案为“丢弃不想要的东西的同时失去宝贵的东西”。

70. advantages and disadvantages

【解析】通读全文，可知文章主要论述了在网上交友的好处和坏处，故答案为advantages and disadvantages。

Passage 2（ •贵州省安顺市）

Trash collection is problem for Curitiba. First, the city has only one landfill. Second, its garbage trucks do not fit on some of the streets in the city's low- income（低收入）neighborhoods. Curitiba knew the solution lay in getting everyone involved（参加）.

In 1989, the city started a recycling program called Garbage That Is Not Garbage. The city set up a central recycling center for sorting（把…分类）recyclable materials, food-based and waste. Colorful cartoon characters were symbols of different kinds of recyclable materials, which could help children get to know the importance of recycling. Collection bins were the same colors as the cartoons, reinforcing（加强） the message. People made money by picking up the trash at these bins and taking it to the center for processing. Today, Curitiba claims to have the highest recycling rate of any city in the world.

Câmbio Verde, the Green Exchange program, and Compra do Lixo, the Buying of Garbage program, are successful recycling programs in Curitiba. They get low-income- residents（居民）to join in the city's recycling program by having them transport trash from neighborhoods that are hard for garbage trucks to reach.

Depending on what they deliver, people exchange their trash for cash, food and services. Their way of life is improved, and the city is better able to manage its trash. These programs are one way Curitiba has gotten creative as a green city. It shows how involving everyone can make green living possible.

【文章大意】本文主要分析了造成库里提巴这个城市垃圾收集问题的原因，及政府采取的有效措施。

71. Reasons/The reasons/ Two reasons   

【解析】根据上文Trash collection is problem for Curitiba First, the city has only one landfill. Second, its garbage trucks do not fit on some of the streets in the city's low- income（低收入）neighborhoods. Curitiba knew the solution lay in getting everyone involved垃圾收集是库里蒂巴的问题，首先，城市只有一个填埋场。第二，它的垃圾卡车不适合在城市的低收入社区的一些街道上。库里蒂巴知道解决办法是让所有人都参与进来。可知第一段主要讲造成库里蒂巴垃圾收集问题的两个原因，故答案为Reasons/The reasons/ Two reasons。

72. Garbage trucks  

【解析】根据上文Second, its garbage trucks do not fit on some of the streets in the city's low- income（低收入）neighborhoods. 它的垃圾卡车不适合在城市的低收入社区的一些街道上。可知垃圾卡车不能到达这个城市的每个角落，故答案为Garbage trucks。

73. was set up   

【解析】根据上文The city set up a central recycling center for sorting recyclable materials, food-based and waste. 该市设立了一个中央回收中心，用于把可回收材料、食品和废物分类。本句主语为单数名词The city，由谓语动词set up，可知此处为“set”的一般过去式，所以其被动应改为一般过去时的被动语态：A central recycling center was set up by the city.根据句意，故答案为was set up。

74. transport trash   

【解析】根据上文They get low-income- residents（居民）to join in the city's recycling program by having them transport trash from neighborhoods that are hard for garbage trucks to reach.他们让低收入居民加入城市的回收计划，让他们到垃圾车难以到达的社区运送垃圾。故答案为transport trash。

75. makes a difference/ can play a role

【解析】根据上文It shows how involving everyone can make green living possible.它展示了如何让每个人都能让绿色生活成为可能。可知每个人都为绿色生活成为可能而发挥着作用。动词短语make a difference/ can play a role“发挥着作用”，原句为一般现在时。主语Everyone为单数，故动词用三单形式，故答案为makes a difference/ can play a role。

Passage 3（ •贵州省铜仁市）

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成76—80小题（每空一词）。答案务必另书写于答题卡卷Ⅱ各小题规定的位置。

How to Exercise Well

Warm up. It is important to warm up before you exercise. You need to stretch your legs, arms, back and neck before you do any difficult activities like running.

Find good places to exercise. You do not need to spend a lot of money exercising. You can run or play sports in a park or in your school gym. You don’t need to buy exercise equipment for your home. Just get your body moving!

Don’t work too hard. Choose a sport that you are interested in and then your exercise will be fun instead of work. Also, you only need to exercise a few times each week. If you exercise for 30 minutes each time, you will stay healthy.

Drink enough water. It is important to drink water when you exercise. Your body needs the water for energy and for keeping cool.

Be careful! If you hurt yourself while you are exercising, rest until you feel better. Exercising when you are hurt is bad for your health.

根据以上短文内容，完成下列表格。每空一词。

【文章大意】本文讲述了锻炼需要注意的几个问题。

76. stretch

【解析】根据文中的句子“You need to stretch your legs, arms, back and neck before you do any difficult activities like running.”句中谈到了在你做任何像跑步这样的困难活动之前，你需要伸展（stretch）你的腿、胳膊、背和脖子。故答案为stretch。

77. sports

【解析】根据文中的句子“You can run or play sports in a park or in your school gym.”句中谈到，你可以跑步或者是做运动（play sports）。故答案为sports。

 78. like/enjoy/love   

【解析】文中的句子“Choose a sport that you are interested in and then your exercise will be fun instead of work.”与问题句相对比，可知文中的“are interested in”（对……感兴趣）和“like/enjoy/love”同义。这是在表达一种事实，属于一般现在时，因为主语是you，所以用动词原形。故答案为like/enjoy/love。

79. body

【解析】根据文中的句子“Your body needs the water for energy and for keeping cool.”可知你的身体（body）需要水来补充能量。故答案为body。

 80. while

【解析】根据文中的句子“If you hurt yourself while you are exercising, rest until you feel better.”句中谈到了如果你在锻炼的时候伤到了自己。故答案为while。

Passage 4（ •黑龙江哈尔滨市）

Have you ever heard of Iceland? Iceland is a European country. It used to be one of the richest countries in the world. Its total area is 103 thousand square kilometers. Summer in Iceland is very short, which lasts from June to August. Its winter starts from September and ends next May.

In 1980, Iceland started to develop its tourist industry. Forty years has passed since then. In summer, plenty of tourists from all over the world come here to have a visit. In winter, people in Iceland have to spend the long dark night. They usually have a lot of special activities, such as skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties to have an exciting night.

Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. Food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past. Now the problem is being solved.

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一个欧洲国家——冰岛的面积、气候特征、旅游业的发展及其曾经面临的食品问题。

75. Europe

【解析】根据第1段中“Iceland is a European country.”讲冰岛是个欧洲国家，可知冰岛在欧洲，介词in后接European的名词形式Europe。故答案为Europe。

76. square 

【解析】根据第1段中“Its total area is 103 thousand square kilometers.”可知冰岛的总面积是103,000平方公里，结合题干中“103,000 ____ kilometers”可知此处缺少square。故答案为square。
77. ago  

【解析】根据第2段中“In 1980, Iceland started to develop its tourist industry.”可知1980年冰岛开始发展旅游业，现在是年，结合题干中“Forty years ____”可知此处是说40年前，用ago表示“以前”。故答案为ago。

78. skate 

【解析】根据第2段中“They usually have a lot of special activities, such as skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties to have an exciting night.”可知冬天人们会滑冰、骑雪上摩托和聚会来度过一个激动人心的夜晚，结合题干“They ____, ride snow motorbikes and have parties.”中and连接并列的谓语结构，ride和have都用原形，可知此处要用动词原形skate。故答案为skate。

79. growing

【解析】根据最后一段中“Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season.”可知漫长的寒冬是冰岛植物生长季短的原因，此处用growing与原文保持一致。故答案为growing。

Passage 5（ •四川省成都市）

根据短文内容, 完成图表中所缺信息。

Confucius’ life and thought

Confucius(551—479 BC) was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He acted as an official(官员) there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. He spent 13 years travelling around the other states, spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a healthy society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(156-87 BC) that his ideas were finally put into practice. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu.

Confucius’ teachings formed the base of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues(美德) and always do the right thing. Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought.

To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren(kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li(ceremony, tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents. It means loving, respecting, obeying(服从), and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And he is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace.

Here’s one of Confucius’ famous sayings, “Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you.” Another saying of his is “In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher.”

It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to do something good to the development of China and even the whole world.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了著名思想家孔子的生平及其思想。

76. Experiences

【解析】根据本方框内容* working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * teaching in Qufu可知，此处是介绍孔子的经历。故答案为Experiences。

77. Eastern thought   

【解析】根据原文Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought可知，孔子的思想是东方思想的一个必要组成部分。故答案为Eastern thought

78. Chinese culture   

【解析】根据原文It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture可知，孔子的思想是中国文化的一个必要组成部分。故答案为Chinese culture。

79. developing virtues   

【解析】根据原文To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese可知，孔子的主要思想有培养5种美德。故答案为developing virtues。

80. Ren

【解析】根据原文They are ren(kindness, charity), yi(fairness), li(ceremony, tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust)可知，孔子提倡“仁义礼智信”五种美德，其中“仁”是一种美德，相信它的人会爱世界上的每一个人。故答案为Ren。

81. treat others(and ourselves)/behave towards others

【解析】名言A意思为“己所不欲，勿施于人”，这句话教会人们的是如何对待他人以及自己。故答案为treat others(and ourselves)/ behave towards others。

82. learn from others

【解析】名言B意思为“三人行必有我师焉”，这句话教会人们的是我们总能从其他人身上学到一些东西。故答案为learn from others。

Passage 6（ •四川省乐山市）

完成表格。阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并将其答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应的位置。每空一词。

Trees are one of the oldest “citizens” of our earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noise pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials.

Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At 1 to 3 years old, young trees learn how to grow up safely. For example, many trees grow thorns to warn animals not to go near. Most young trees have large, deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and energy.

When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. They grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruit.

It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a real adult. The tree reaches its largest size. The adult tree gives us shade, oxygen and natural beauty. It is also a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to read a book, listen to music and so on. If we give the adult tree proper care, it will go on to live healthily for many years.

Gradually trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow or part of it becomes dead, it provides a home for small animals and is a source of food for many other animals.

In many ways, the life of a tree is similar to our own life experience. When we are looking at the life of a tree, we learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. Enjoy every minute of the life of the trees and look after the trees!

The   ①   of a Tree

71. ①________

72. ②________

73. ③________

74. ④________

75. ⑤________

76. ⑥________

77. ⑦________

78. ⑧________

79. ⑨________

80. ⑩________

【文章大意】本文介绍的是树木的从小到大的生长过程以及对人类的贡献，如：提供氧气、阴凉、改善水的质量，提供建筑的材料等；当树木空心快要死亡时，也为小动物提供居住场所和食物。享受与树木的每一分钟并爱护树木。

71. life

【解析】根据文章的大体内容，主要讲述的是树木从小到大的成长及对人类的贡献，讲述的树的一生“life”，故答案为life。

72. food

【解析】根据“They keep our air clean, reduce noise pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials.它们保持我们的空气清洁，减少噪音污染，改善水质，并提供食物和建筑材料。”可知应该是“提供食物”，故答案为food。

73. grow

【解析】根据“Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. 就像我们一样，树木在成长过程中变化很大。”可知应该是“成长grow”，故答案为grow。

74. safely

【解析】根据“At 1 to 3 years old, young trees learn how to grow up safely. 在1到3岁的时候，小树就会学会如何安全地成长。”可知是副词“safely安全地”修饰动词短语grow up，故答案为safely。

75. strong   

【解析】根据“When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges later in life.当树木长到4岁时，它们开始生长得非常快，变得足够强壮，可以在以后的生活中面对挑战。”可知应该是变得强壮“strong”，故答案为strong。

76. 15  

【解析】根据“At the age of 15, trees become young adults. They grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruit.到了15岁，树木就变成了年轻的成年人。它们生长较慢，开始开花结果。”，可知是15岁，故答案为15。

77. adults 

【解析】根据“It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a real adult直到这棵树长到20到25岁，它才会成为真正的成年人。”，可知是成为真正的成年人“adult”，故答案为adults。

78. care

【解析】根据“If we give the adult tree proper care, it will go on to live healthily for many years. 如果我们给成年树适当的照顾，它就会健康地生活很多年。”，可知是照顾“take care of”成年树木，故答案为care。

 79. important   

【解析】根据“Gradually, trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. 渐渐地，树木开始变得越来越老，甚至死亡。此时，它们在自然界中仍占有重要地位。”，可知是重要的“important”，故答案为important。

80. same

【解析】根据“In many ways, the life of a tree is similar to our own life experience. 在许多方面，树的生活与我们自己的生活经历相似。”，be similar to类似于，观察表格中这里用的是“the same as与……相同”，故答案为same。