2022-2023学年河南省许济洛平高三第三次质量检测英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省许济洛平高三第三次质量检测英语试题含解析，共29页。

 许济洛平2022—2023学年高三第三次质量检测
英 语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the weather be like tomorrow?
A. Windy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy.
2. What time is it now?
A.4:40 pm. B.4:45 pm. C.4:50 pm.
3. Where does the woman want to go?
A. To a bank. B. To a supermarket. C. To a bookstore.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The man’s accent. B. An English teacher. C. A trip to London.
5. How does the woman feel now?
A. Happy. B. Confident. C. Disappointed.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What day is it today?
A. Thursday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
7. Why is the woman unavailable on May 15th?
A. She will meet a friend.
B. She has to mark the papers.
C. She needs to prepare lessons.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What will the woman get for the man?
A. A pillow. B. Iced water. C. A pen.
9. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Air hostess and passenger.
B. Waitress and customer.
C. Tour guide and tourist.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What did the woman start learning in February?
A. Ballet. B. Spanish. C. The guitar.
11. Why did the woman try different things?
A. To kill her time. B. To prove her strengths. C. To inspire her children.
12. What does the man decide to do?
A. Try some new things. B. Become a role model. C. Talk with his children.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What does LinkedIn aim to do?
A. Help people look for jobs online.
B. Offer online service to business people.
C. Encourage people to use the social media.
14. How can one be a member of LinkedIn?
A. Share photos on LinkedIn.
B. Be introduced by someone.
C. Send an introduction message.
15. When did Jeff Weiner become CEO of LinkedIn?
A. In 2003. B. In 2007. C. In 2008.
16. What is the woman doing?
A. Hosting a program. B. Introducing a website. C. Conducting a seminar.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. For whom did the speaker make cakes at first?
A. Her colleagues. B. Her children. C. Her friends.
18. What did the speaker decide to do five years ago?
A. Working part-time. B. Baking in a cake shop. C. Starting her own business.
19. How old is the speaker?
A.45 years old. B.42 years old. C.40 years old.
20. What are many women encouraged to do by the speaker?
A. Teach kids at home themselves.
B. Develop their deep interest.
C. Try to change their lives.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Wanted: “Golden taste buds” and a very sweet tooth
What if you’ve got to eat candy all day for your job?
There is a job that can include these duties which is called being a “taste tester”. The Candy Funhouse is a candy company in Canada. Right now, it is hiring a taste tester. The job’s name is “chief candy officer”.
Candy Funhouse put up an ad for the job. The ad says the chief candy officer will be in charge of “all things fun”, so it’s special. The person who gets this job will have to like eating candy. Do you know how much? More than 100 pieces a day on average!
Even Kids Can Apply
Many people think this job sounds pretty fun. The job is even open to kids! Are you 5 or older? Then you can apply!
Do you want this job? If you say yes, you need “golden taste buds (味蕾)”and “an obvious sweet tooth”, the ad says. You cannot be allergic to anything. You also need ideas about how to sell more candy, or how to make the candy better.
The company wants someone with a great sense of taste, though it will also provide some training.
This is because taste testers need to know a lot about food for their job.
Taste Testing Isn’t Just Eating Candy
As a taste tester for a candy company, you have to know how to talk about taste. You also have to understand different textures (口味). A texture is the way something feels when you eat it. For example, the texture of toast is sharp, firm and fresh. The texture of yoghurt is smooth. All in all, taste testers do more than eat candy. They should be aware of how to make sure their company has high-quality products.
1. What makes the job special?
A. Needing a lot of tests. B. Being full of fun.
C. Suiting children under 5. D. Focusing on sweet food.
2. Who is most likely to be employed?
A. An entertainer. B. A salesman. C. A sweet lover. D. A career cook.
3. What’s the major duty of the taste tester?
A. Telling taste apart. B. Selling products.
C. Making things fun. D. Offering training.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则招聘糖果口味测试员的广告，并对招聘要求进行了说明。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The ad says the chief candy officer will be in charge of “all things fun”, so it’s special. (广告上说首席糖果官将负责“所有有趣的事情”，所以很特别)”可知，“有趣”让糖果口味测试员这份工作变得特别。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“The person who gets this job will have to like eating candy. Do you know how much? More than 100 pieces a day on average!(得到这份工作的人必须喜欢吃糖果。你知道有多少吗?平均每天超过100件!)”和第五段的“Do you want this job? If you say yes, you need “golden taste buds (味蕾)”and “an obvious sweet tooth”, the ad says. (你想要这份工作吗?广告说，如果你的答案是肯定的，你需要“黄金的味蕾”和“明显的甜食嗜好”)”推知，喜欢吃甜食的人最有可能获得该工作。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“As a taste tester for a candy company, you have to know how to talk about taste. You also have to understand different textures (口味). A texture is the way something feels when you eat it. For example, the texture of toast is sharp, firm and fresh. The texture of yoghurt is smooth.(作为糖果公司的味觉测试员，你必须知道如何谈论味道。你还必须了解不同的口味。例如，吐司的质地尖锐、结实、新鲜。酸奶的质地很顺滑)”可知，口味测试员的主要工作是能够区分不同的口味。故选A。
B
Franco Bergamino is like a surprise “hidden recipe” among young people in southwest China’s
Chongqing Municipality, where the 62-year-old Italian chef runs a dessert house called Mimosa.
The dessert house serves wine jelly with green pepper cheese, jasmine mousse and peach-Oolong cake—fusion (融合) desserts that combine Italian specialties with local Chinese ingredients (原料).
Bergamino used to run two dessert houses in his hometown of Turin, both having a history of 90 years. In 2016, he settled in Chongqing and set up a dessert workshop.
“I especially like Chongqing, where the food and culture are completely different from my hometown. Life here is like ‘the other side of the coin’,” he said.
With the help of his local English-speaking friends, he overcame the language barrier and even learned some Chongqing dialects (方言). More importantly, he has got used to the Chinese table culture of “sharing food together”.
Bergamino said, back in Turin, frequent customers to his shop would buy the same desserts and they would be disappointed if they were sold out. The situation in Chongqing, however, is very different. Customers expect different desserts each month, and they would be disappointed if the dessert menu stayed the same, he said.
From 2016 to 2022, Bergamino felt a huge change in the taste of Chinese customers. “In the past, Chinese guests always said that my desserts were too sweet. Now more and more people have accepted the authentic Italian tastes. Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35 a group that is more willing to try overseas tastes partly due to China’s continued opening to the outside world,” he said.
“I hope I can live to 95 and still work,” he said, so that he can, besides bringing authentic Italian desserts to more customers having a sweet tooth, let more people feel the fusion of Chinese and Italian cultures in his desserts.
4. How does Bergamino like his life in Chongqing?
A. It’s aimless. B. It’s hard to adapt to.
C. It’s stressful. D. It’s completely new.
5. What do we know about Mimosa?
A. It has a secret recipe. B. It has a history of 90 years.
C. It’s more popular with young people. D. It’s a window of western table culture.
6. Which of the following best describes Bergamino’s business?
A. Challenging but promising. B. Booming but uncreative.
C. More and more profitable. D. More and more controversial.
7. What’s Bergamino’s expectation in his future dessert career?
A. To add more Italian elements. B. To promote cultural combination.
C. To set up more dessert houses. D. To expand the age group of consumers.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述来自意大利的Franco Bergamino在重庆开了一家甜品店，经历最初的低潮期后，他的事业有了好的转机，受到了人们，尤其是年轻人的欢迎。他希望在未来能过通过食品融合中意文化。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段““I especially like Chongqing, where the food and culture are completely different from my hometown. Life here is like ‘the other side of the coin’,” he said.(“我特别喜欢重庆，那里的饮食和文化与我的家乡完全不同。这里的生活就像‘硬币的另一面’，”他说)”可知，Bergamino认为他在重庆的生活是全新的，饮食和文化都与自己的家乡完全不同。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35 a group that is more willing to try overseas tastes partly due to China’s continued opening to the outside world(Mimosa的消费者主要在25岁到35岁之间，这一群体更愿意尝试海外口味，部分原因是中国持续对外开放)”可知，Mimosa更受年轻人欢迎。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“The situation in Chongqing, however, is very different. Customers expect different desserts each month, and they would be disappointed if the dessert menu stayed the same, he said.(然而，重庆的情况却大不相同。他说，顾客希望每个月都有不同的甜点，如果甜点菜单保持不变，他们会失望的)”可知，他的事业具有挑战性，因为顾客要求不断的创新；根据倒数第二段的“In the past, Chinese guests always said that my desserts were too sweet. Now more and more people have accepted the authentic Italian tastes. Mimosa’s consumers are mainly between 25 and 35 a group that is more willing to try overseas tastes partly due to China’s continued opening to the outside world(过去，中国客人总是说我做的甜点太甜了。现在越来越多的人接受了正宗的意大利口味。Mimosa的消费者主要在25岁到35岁之间，这一群体更愿意尝试海外口味，部分原因是中国持续对外开放)”可知，他的事业充满希望，因为越来越多接受了正宗的意大利口味，且Mimosa受到很多年轻人的欢迎。综上，故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““I hope I can live to 95 and still work,” he said, so that he can, besides bringing authentic Italian desserts to more customers having a sweet tooth, let more people feel the fusion of Chinese and Italian cultures in his desserts.(他说：“我希望我能活到95岁，还能工作。”这样，他不仅可以把正宗的意大利甜点带给更多爱吃甜食的顾客，还可以让更多人在他的甜点中感受到中意文化的融合)”可知，Bergamino对他未来的甜点事业的期望是促进中意文化的融合。故选B。
C
Your cat is probably keeping track of where you are, even if your feline (猫科的) friend isn’t in the same room with you and can’t see you.
Scientists recently learned that house cats create “mental maps” that tell them where nearby humans are located, based on where sounds are coming from. The researchers tested cats by playing recordings of human voices calling the cats’ names; they then played those recordings again, only this time through a speaker in a different place, so that the same sounds came from farther away. The cats acted surprised when the familiar voice came from a location that they didn’t expect, based on what they had already heard. This suggests that cats spatially (空间上) locate their unseen human companions using audio cues—a cognitive (认知) ability that was previously unknown in felines.
Knowing that something continues to exist even if it’s out of sight is called object permanence, and it’s a test that researchers use to measure animal intelligence. Human babies typically begin to develop object permanence when they’re around 8 months old, and this ability becomes more advanced when babies reach 10 to 12 months old; at that stage, babies can find hidden objects, and they begin to realize that their parents and caregivers don’t disappear just because they can’t be seen, a ccording to the Mayo Clinic.
In other studies, cats have also shown that they can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar human voices and that they can orientate hidden objects. So “it seems reasonable that cats should be able to mentally map others’ locations based on sounds,” the scientists said in the study.
Being able to form a mental picture of the outside world “is an important feature in complex thinking,” and these findings put the study in a new light, which could inform future studies of feline cognition, the study authors concluded.
8 How do house cats locate their human companions?
A. By tracking voices. B. By searching maps.
C. By observing behavior. D. By identifying recordings.
9. Why does the writer mention human babies?
A. To better clarify cats’ cognitive ability.
B. To indicate the mental level of children.
C. To tell how to test cats’ cognitive ability.
D. To show how to develop babies’ intelligence.
10. What does “orientate” underlined in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Choose. B. Record. C. Recognize. D. Position.
11. What do the study authors think of their findings?
A. Useful for pet animal training. B. Helpful for further studies on cats.
C. Necessary for raising cats as pets. D. Important for mental research on cats.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究发现猫科动物一个不为人所知的认知能力——通过声音定位物体，明白物体恒常性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists recently learned that house cats create “mental maps” that tell them where nearby humans are located, based on where sounds are coming from.(科学家最近发现，家猫会根据声音的来源绘制“心理地图”，告诉它们附近人类的位置)”可知，猫可以通过追踪人类的声音来确定他们的位置。故选A。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“This suggests that cats spatially (空间上) locate their unseen human companions using audio cues—a cognitive (认知) ability that was previously unknown in felines.(这表明猫利用音频线索在空间上定位它们看不见的人类同伴——这是一种以前猫科动物不为人知的认知能力)”和第三段的“Knowing that something continues to exist even if it’s out of sight is called object permanence, and it’s a test that researchers use to measure animal intelligence. Human babies typically begin to develop object permanence when they’re around 8 months old, and this ability becomes more advanced when babies reach 10 to 12 months old; at that stage, babies can find hidden objects, and they begin to realize that their parents and caregivers don’t disappear just because they can’t be seen, a ccording to the Mayo Clinic.(知道一些东西即使在看不见的情况下也会继续存在，这被称为物体恒常性，这是研究人员用来测量动物智力的一种测试。人类婴儿通常在8个月大的时候开始发展物体恒存能力，当婴儿长到10到12个月大的时候，这种能力会变得更高级；根据梅奥诊所的说法，在这个阶段，婴儿可以找到隐藏的物体，他们开始意识到他们的父母和照顾者不会因为他们看不见而消失)”推知，提到人类婴儿是为了更好的阐明猫的认知力之一——物体恒常性。故选A。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“it seems reasonable that cats should be able to mentally map others’ locations based on sounds(猫应该能够根据声音在心理上描绘出他人的位置，这似乎是合理的)”可知，猫能根据声音在心理上描绘他人的位置，即它们能根据声音定位看不见的物体。由此可知划线词意为“定位”，与position同义。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Being able to form a mental picture of the outside world “is an important feature in complex thinking,” and these findings put the study in a new light, which could inform future studies of feline cognition, the study authors concluded.(研究作者总结说，能够形成外部世界的心理画面“是复杂思维的一个重要特征”，这些发现让这项研究有了新的视角，可以为未来对猫认知的研究提供信息)”可知，研究人员认为他们的发现有助于对猫的认知力的进一步研究。故选B。
D
In 1909, Forster published a science fiction short story, The Machine Stops, in which a future civilization falls apart because its technology — much of which sounds a lot like the internet — collapses. Last Friday, after Storm Eunice caused the biggest national power cut on record to more than 55,000 homes across southern and eastern England and South Wales, people begin to think Forster’s imagined machine was really stopping.
It’s not unreasonable to think that Forster’s machine is seizing up when your gas heating doesn’t work because the pump is electric, when you have to go for a drive to charge the mobile phone, when everything in the freezer is going off, when you can’t get on the internet because the WiFi needs mains power, and much of your home technology — from smart doorbells to smart speakers — doesn’t work because, even if it has battery back-up, it still needs Wi-Fi. Millions of landlines will stop working by 2025 because they will use the internet, requiring a broadband connection.
The death of the landline will spell the moment when we are finally full hostages to the electricity supply. As hundreds of thousands of households across northern England lost power because of Storm Arwen last December, people in remote areas without mobile reception were left unable to call for help, as their landlines were phased out in favour of broadband-enabled phones reliant on electricity.
What are we to do to keep our homes working when electricity can no longer be relied on? People have taken to firing up wood burners to keep warm. Those with oil-fired kitchen ranges for cooking,heating and hot water,have been feeling particularly grateful for that reliable appliance.
“A more radical solution is house batteries. However,for society as a whole,it is less likely to be put into action because home batteries are not a neat and wonderfully clean solution”,says Dr Constable,“Lithium-ion batteries are dangerous. They cause fires. That’s why airlines are cautious about them and why you can’t take those little electric scooters on the London.”
12. Why did people begin to believe Forster’s imagination?
A. A smart home was not reliable at all. B. They saw the biggest national disaster.
C. Forster gave a solution to their trouble. D. What Forster described became a reality.
13. How does the author support his opinion?
A. By analysing the troubles. B. By listing a lot of facts.
C. By sharing an expert’s idea. D. By recommending a fiction.
14. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Substitutes ought to be prepared before they are needed.
B. The smarter technology is, the less we need to worry about.
C. The more technology we rely on, the more powerless we may be.
D. Home batteries are a wonderful choice when there is no electricity.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Being Left Hostages to Electricity B. Time to Look for New Energy
C. Days at Home without Electricity D. Collapsing of Future Civilization
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今人们对电的依赖非常严重，各种设备都需要电力来驱动，这也导致了许多隐患问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Last Friday, after Storm Eunice caused the biggest national power cut on record to more than 55,000 homes across southern and eastern England and South Wales, people begin to think Forster’s imagined machine was really stopping.(上周五，风暴尤妮斯导致英格兰南部、东部和南威尔士超过5.5万户家庭遭遇史上最大停电，人们开始认为福斯特想象中的机器真的停止了)”可知，人们开始相信福斯特的想象力是因为福斯特所描述的成为了现实。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Last Friday, after Storm Eunice caused the biggest national power cut on record to more than 55,000 homes across southern and eastern England and South Wales, people begin to think Forster’s imagined machine was really stopping.(上周五，风暴尤妮斯导致英格兰南部、东部和南威尔士超过5.5万户家庭遭遇史上最大停电，人们开始认为福斯特想象中的机器真的停止了)”；第二段中“Millions of landlines will stop working by 2025 because they will use the internet, requiring a broadband connection.(到2025年，数百万固定电话将停止工作，因为他们将使用互联网，需要宽带连接)”以及第三段“As hundreds of thousands of households across northern England lost power because of Storm Arwen last December, people in remote areas without mobile reception were left unable to call for help, as their landlines were phased out in favour of broadband-enabled phones reliant on electricity.(去年12月，英国北部数十万家庭因风暴“亚文”断电，在没有移动信号的偏远地区，人们无法拨打求助电话，因为他们的固定电话被淘汰，取而代之的是依赖电力的宽带电话)”可推知，作者列举大量事实支持他的观点。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s not unreasonable to think that Forster’s machine is seizing up when your gas heating doesn’t work because the pump is electric, when you have to go for a drive to charge the mobile phone, when everything in the freezer is going off, when you can’t get on the internet because the WiFi needs mains power, and much of your home technology — from smart doorbells to smart speakers — doesn’t work because, even if it has battery back-up, it still needs Wi-Fi.(当你的燃气暖气不能用，因为泵是电动的，当你必须开车去给手机充电，当冰箱里的所有东西都坏了，当你不能上网，因为WiFi需要电源，当你的大部分家庭技术——从智能门铃到智能扬声器——不能工作，因为即使有电池备份，它仍然需要Wi-Fi，这不是没有道理的)”以及倒数第二段中“What are we to do to keep our homes working when electricity can no longer be relied on? People have taken to firing up wood burners to keep warm.(当电力不再依赖的时候，我们该怎么做才能让我们的家继续工作呢?人们开始用柴火取暖)”可推知，我们依赖的技术越多，我们可能就越无能为力。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“The death of the landline will spell the moment when we are finally full hostages to the electricity supply.(固定电话的消亡将意味着我们最终完全成为电力供应的人质)”结合文章主要说明了如今人们对电的依赖非常严重，各种设备都需要电力来驱动，这也导致了许多隐患问题。可知，A选项“沦为电的人质”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Would It Feel Like to Touch a Cloud?
When characters fly or fall through the sky, they often do all sorts of crazy things to touch clouds as if the sky were made of cotton balls. ____16____ But we probably didn’t realize it at the time. “Technically, clouds are really tiny, little droplets (滴) of water that happens to be floating in the air,” said Pistone, a research scientist working at NASA to study clouds.
____17____ Let’s take examples. Have you ever walked outside on a really foggy day? The type of day that you can’t see very far. Fog is the exact same thing as a cloud. ____18____ If you don’t remember ever walking through fog, or perhaps live in a dry area where fog is not common, Pistone said it feels like walking through a very light fine rain. But not quite, because the cloud droplets are a lot smaller than the rain droplets.
Clouds do more than make rain and snow. ____19____ Black or dark clouds usually mean a storm is coming because they’re packed so full of water that light can’t pass through them. On the other hand, many clouds appear bright white because when light from the sun tries to shine through, it gets bounced around by the many suspended (悬着的) water droplets. All of this is important for scientists to study because a lot of big, white clouds help reflect heat back into space. ____20____
So the next time you see a sky full of pillow-white clouds think about all the ways those tiny water droplets might be affecting the world around us.
A. Their color is also interesting.
B. That’s why we can see bright white clouds.
C. Why do many people like walking through fog?
D. But what would it feel like to touch a cloud in real life?
E. This means clouds on Earth play a role in climate change.
F. Believe it or not, many of us have already touched a cloud.
G. That’s because fog is just a type of cloud that forms on the ground.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了空中的云和地上的雾是同一物的原因，同时提到不同云彩的含义，总结得出云彩在气候变化中扮演着重要角色。
【16题详解】
根据前文“When characters fly or fall through the sky, they often do all sorts of crazy things to touch clouds as if the sky were made of cotton balls.”（当人物角色在天空中飞翔或者坠落时，他们经常做各种疯狂的事情去触摸云彩，就好像天空是由棉花球组成的一样。）讲述了人物角色在天空中飞翔或者坠落时触摸云彩的事情。下文“But we probably didn’t realize it at the time.”（但我们当时可能没有意识到。）可知，我们没有意识到我们摸到了云彩。可推知，空处的内容起承上启下的作用，讲述我们已经摸到了云彩。选项F.“Believe it or not, many of us have already touched a cloud.”（信不信由你，我们中的许多人已经触摸到了一朵云。）符合题意，故选F。
【17题详解】
下文“Let’s take examples. Have you ever walked outside on a really foggy day? The type of day that you can’t see very far. Fog is the exact same thing as a cloud.”（让我们举个例子。你有没有在大雾天出去散过步？那种你看不远的日子。雾和云是一回事。）和“If you don’t remember ever walking through fog, or perhaps live in a dry area where fog is not common, Pistone said it feels like walking through a very light fine rain.”（皮斯托内说，如果你不记得曾经穿过雾，或者可能住在雾不常见的干燥地区，那感觉就像是在一场很小的小雨中行走。）通过问题形式举例讲述生活中人们步行在雾中的经历和感受，就犹如在云中一样。所以空处应该提出问题，步行在云雾中的感觉是什么。选项D.“But what would it feel like to touch a cloud in real life?”（但在现实生活中，触摸一朵云是什么感觉呢？）符合题意，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Fog is the exact same thing as a cloud.”（雾和云是一回事。）空处应该承接前文，讲述具体的原因。选项G.“That’s because fog is just a type of cloud that forms on the ground.”（那是因为雾只是在地面上形成的一种云。）解释雾和云是同一物的原因，符合题意，故选G。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Clouds do more than make rain and snow.”（云不仅仅会下雨和下雪。）讲述云的作用。下文“Black or dark clouds usually mean a storm is coming because they’re packed so full of water that light can’t pass through them. On the other hand, many clouds appear bright white because when light from the sun tries to shine through, it gets bounced around by the many suspended (悬着的) water droplets. ”（乌云或黑云通常意味着暴风雨即将来临，因为它们充满了水，光线无法穿过它们。另一方面，许多云层呈现明亮的白色，因为当太阳光试图照射进来时，它会被许多悬浮的水滴反射回来。）提到了不同颜色的云蕴含着不同的含义，因而空处承接前文，讲述云的颜色。选项A.“Their color is also interesting.”（它们的颜色也很有趣。）符合题意，故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Black or dark clouds usually mean a storm is coming because they’re packed so full of water that light can’t pass through them. On the other hand, many clouds appear bright white because when light from the sun tries to shine through, it gets bounced around by the many suspended (悬着的) water droplets. All of this is important for scientists to study because a lot of big, white clouds help reflect heat back into space.”（乌云或黑云通常意味着暴风雨即将来临，因为它们充满了水，光线无法穿过它们。另一方面，许多云层呈现明亮的白色，因为当太阳光试图照射进来时，它会被许多悬浮的水滴反射回来。所有这些对于科学家来说都很重要，因为大量的白色大云帮助将热量反射回太空。）讲述了研究云彩颜色对于科学家们的意义重大，所以空处应做总结性描述云彩对于地球的意义。选项E.“This means clouds on Earth play a role in climate change.”（这意味着地球上的云层在气候变化中扮演着重要角色。）符合题意，故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With nothing but her small boat for company, British lawyer Victoria Evans succeeded in crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
The 35-year-old ____21____ 4,740 kilometers in 40 days and 19 hours,____22____ high winds, big waves and lack of sleep to ____23____ the fastest female solo row across the Atlantic Ocean. Despite experiencing ____24____ and extreme conditions along the way, Evans ____25____ broke the previous world record by over eight days.“ It was much ____26____ than I expected,” she told CNN Sport ,“I got probably the strongest wind and the adaptation you need to keep going through was ____27____.”
Evans had spent four years preparing for this ____28____ of a lifetime but nothing could have readied her for the ____29____ of an ocean crossing. Even before setting off, the trip was ____30____ by issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which forced the challenge to be ____31____ by a year. Once the challenge was ____32____ , high winds made rowing and sleeping extremely difficult, causing Evans to float off ____33____ at times.
At one point she was even ____34____ outside of her cabin(舱) after a wave locked the ____35____ from the inside. It took her three hours to open the ____36____ . There were the unavoidable occasional sunburn, but Evans managed to ____37____ in extreme conditions.
“It’s a very unique sport ____38____ you can’t get off when you’ re there and you have to ____39____ it. So it was so, so intense,” said Evans, who was ____40____ to cross the Atlantic after climbing Mont Blanc in 2017.
21. A. flew B. drove C. measured D. covered
22. A. avoiding B. battling C. facing D. surviving
23. A. aid B. match C. record D. meet
24. A. problems B. tricks C. failures D. surprises
25. A. casually B. luckily C. naturally D. eventually
26. A. tougher B. stranger C. busier D. funnier
27. A. special B. huge C. surprising D. common
28. A. fight B. visit C. journey D. discovery
29. A. plan B. training C. reality D. significance
30. A. troubled B. surrounded C. guided D. monitored
31. A. paused B. postponed C. accumulated D. extended
32. A. halfway B. nearby C. overhead D. underway
33. A. guide B. port C. track D. position
34. A. stored B. stuck C. fixed D. discovered
35. A. paddle B. toilet C. shelter D. door
36. A. lock B. box C. capsule D. container
37. A. remain B. escape C. recover D. progress
38. A. though B. because C. once D. unless
39. A. deal with B. break into C. rely on D. get across
40. A. forced B. directed C. inspired D. required
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了35岁的英国律师维多利亚·埃文斯仅靠一艘小船陪伴，成功地横渡了大西洋的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位35岁的女选手在40天19小时内完成了4740公里的航程，与大风、巨浪和睡眠不足作斗争，创下了女子单人划船横渡大西洋的最快纪录。A. flew飞；B. drove驾驶；C. measured测量；D. covered行走（一段距离）。结合下文“4,740 kilometers in 40 days and 19 hours”可知，此处指她在40天19小时内完成了4740公里的航程，即行进了那么长的距离。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. avoiding避免；B. battling作战；斗争；C. facing面对；D. surviving幸存。结合下文“high winds, big waves and lack of sleep”可知，此处指与大风，巨浪和睡眠不足作斗争，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. aid帮助；B. match匹配；C. record创下记录；D. meet会面。结合下文“the fastest female solo row across the Atlantic Ocean”及“broke the previous world record by over eight days”可知，此处指她创下了女子单人划船横渡大西洋的最快纪录。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管一路上遇到了很多问题和极端条件，埃文斯最终还是以8天多的成绩打破了之前的世界纪录。A. problems问题；B. tricks诡计；C. failures失败；D. surprises惊讶。结合上文“across the Atlantic Ocean”及下文“and extreme conditions along the way”可知，在横渡大西洋的过程中，有很多的困难和极端条件。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. casually随意地；B. luckily幸运地；C. naturally自然地；D. eventually最终地。结合下文“broke the previous world record by over eight days.”可知，她创下了新记录，所以此处指最终她成功地实现了破纪录。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉 CNN 体育频道说：“这比我想象的要困难得多，我可能遭遇到了最强的风，你需要继续经历的适应是巨大的。”A. tougher更困难的；B. stranger更奇怪的；C. busier更忙碌的；D. funnier更有趣的。结合前文“across the Atlantic Ocean”可知，她划船横渡大西洋，所以这比她想的要困难的多。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. special特别的；B. huge巨大的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. common普通的。结合前文“I got probably the strongest wind and the adaptation you need to keep going through was”可知，空处的词应和前文的strongest意思相近，所以此处指需要适应的继续坚持是巨大的。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃文斯花了四年时间准备这次千载难逢的航行，但是没有什么能让她准备好面对横渡大洋的现实。A. fight战斗；B. visit 拜访；C. journey行程；旅程；D. discovery发现。结合前文内容及下文“the trip was 　　10　　　by issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic”可知，埃文斯成功地单人划船横渡大西洋，所以此处指她花了四年时间来准备这次横渡大西洋的航行。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. plan计划；B. training培训；C. reality现实；D. significance重要性。结合上文“high winds, big waves ”及“I got probably the strongest wind ”可知，此处指大西洋上的客观现实是你无法准备应对的。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至在出发之前，这次航行就被2019冠状病毒疾病大流行引发的问题所困扰，迫使这一挑战推迟了一年。A. troubled困扰；B. surrounded包围；C. guided带领；D. monitored监视。结合下文“caused by the COVID-19 pandemic”可知，此处指由于冠状病毒疾病大流行引发的问题所困扰，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. paused暂停；B. postponed推迟；C. accumulated积累；D. extended延长。结合上文“the COVID-19 pandemic which forced the challenge to be”及下文“by a year”可知，此处指因为冠状病毒疾病大流行引发的问题，迫使这次挑战推迟了一年。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦挑战开始，强风使划船和睡眠变得极其困难，埃文斯有时会漂离赛道。A. halfway中途的；B. nearby附近的；C. overhead头顶上的；D. underway正在进行中的。结合下文“high winds made rowing and sleeping extremely difficult,”可知，这里谈到了横渡大西洋期间，所面临的恶劣的环境情形，所以此处指在挑战进行期间，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. guide导引；B. port港口；C. track路线；轨道；D. position位置。结合前文“high winds made rowing and sleeping extremely difficult, causing Evans to float off ”可知，在埃文斯横渡大西洋期间，恶劣的自然环境迫使她偏离了赛道。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，她甚至被困在自己的船舱外面，因为一个波浪从里面把门锁上了。A. stored贮存；B. stuck困住；C. fixed固定；D. discovered发现。结合下文“outside of her cabin(舱) after a wave locked the 　　15　　from the inside”可知，海浪把船舱的门从里面锁住了，导致她被困在了船舱外面。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. paddle船桨；B. toilet厕所；C. shelter庇护所；D. door门。结合前文“outside of her cabin(舱)”及下文“from the inside”可知，此处中大浪把船舱的门从里面锁住了。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她花了三个小时才打开船舱门的锁。A. lock锁；B. box盒子；C. capsule太空舱；D. container容器。结合上文“a wave locked the 　　15　　 from the inside”可知，此处指大浪把舱门锁住了，因而此处指她用了三个小时时间把锁打开，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：偶尔会不可避免地晒伤，但埃文斯设法在极端条件下前进。A. remain保持；B. escape逃脱；C. recover恢复；D. progress前进；行进。结合前文“British lawyer Victoria Evans succeeded in crossing the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，埃文斯成功地横渡了大西洋，因而此处指在极端条件下，埃文斯设法前进。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：这是一项非常独特的运动，因为当你在那里的时候你不能下船，你必须解决问题。A. though尽管；B. because因为；C. once一旦；D. unless除非。结合设空前后内容，可知，空后内容是给出这个运动独特的原因，故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. deal with解决；处理；B. break into破门而入；C. rely on依赖；D. get across使被理解。结合上文“you can’t get off when you’ re there”可知，在航行中你不能下船，你需要解决这些问题。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃文斯说。她在2017年攀登勃朗峰后，受到启发要跨越大西洋。A. forced强迫；B. directed指导；C. inspired启发，鼓舞；D. required要求。根据下文“after climbing Mont Blanc in 2017”可知，此处指她在2017年成功攀登勃朗峰后，受到了启发，决定穿越大西洋。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the exceptional things that stand out from Chinese culture is their art forms and the fact ____41____ even their oldest traditions live on to date. One such cultural element that makes China very ____42____ ( appeal) is Chinese shadow puppetry(皮影戏), which is a form of theatre acted by colourful silhouette(剪影)figures ____43____(make)from leather or paper, accompanied by music and singing.
Chinese shadow puppetry is believed to have originated in the Western Han period (202 BC —8AD) ____44____ a recreational activity for nobles. In the Yuan Dynasty(1271—1368), it spread to Central Asia through commercial activities and eventually ____45____ ( become) popular among common people. In the following few ____46____(century),shadow puppetry reached Europe. The Europeans,including German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe(1749—1832),were very impressed by the Chinese folk art.
As ____47____ storytelling art that formed 2,000 years before movies, the shadow play has been embracing new elements. Beijing Winter Olympic Games was ____48____(full)expressed through this traditional art, which has gained new vitality(活力)in the modern world.
On top of this, Chinese Shadow Play ____49____ ( offer) an incredible way for the Chinese people ____50____(share)ancient tales, pass down information about ancient Chinese cultural history,as well as traditions, social beliefs, and the local customs that make for the richness of the Chinese people.
【答案】41. that
42. appealing
43. made 44. as
45. became 46. centuries 47. a
48. fully 49. offers
50. to share
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了皮影戏的发展及其影响。
【41题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：从中国文化中脱颖而出的一个特殊之处是他们的艺术形式，以及他们最古老的传统能够延续至今的事实。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为解释名词fact，空后句子“even their oldest traditions live on to date”，结构完整，成分齐全，所以用从属连词that连接，故填that。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国皮影戏就是这样一种非常吸引人的文化元素。皮影戏是一种戏剧形式，由皮革或纸张制成的五颜六色的剪影人物，伴随着音乐和歌唱。分析句子可知，此处考查形容词作宾补，make + 宾语+ 补语，China指物，所以补语用现在分词appealing，充当形容词，指“吸引人的”，故填appealing。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语。句意同上。分析句子可知，“ (make)from leather or paper”在句中为后置定语，修饰名词figures，名词figures与动词make为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词made，故填made。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：皮影戏起源于西汉时期(公元前202年——公元8年) ，是贵族的休闲。结合句意可知，这里指皮影戏被作为贵族的一种休闲活动，所以空处用介词as“作为”，故填as。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：在元代(1271-1368) ，它通过商业活动传播到中亚，并最终在普通百姓中流行起来。结合空前and可知，空处在句中为谓语，和动词spread并列，所以时态用一般过去时，故填became。
【46题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在接下来的几个世纪里，皮影戏传到了欧洲。few修饰可数名词复数，所以空处用复数名词centuries，故填centuries。
【47题详解】
考查冠词，句意：皮影戏作为一种比电影早2000年形成的讲故事的艺术，已经拥抱了新的元素。art“艺术”为可数名词，此处表示泛指概念，所以用不定冠词。storytelling的首个音素为辅音，所以此处用a，故填a。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：北京冬奥会充分体现了这一传统艺术，在现代世界中获得了新的生命力。副词修饰动词，空后expressed为动词，所以此处用副词fully，故填fully。
【49题详解】
考查时态。句意：除此之外，中国皮影戏为中国人民提供了一个难以置信的方式来分享古老的故事，传递有关中国古代文化历史的信息，以及传统、社会信仰和地方风俗，使中国人民丰富多彩。空处在句中为谓语，表示客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时，主语Chinese Shadow Play为单数，所以此处用单三形式。故填offers。
【50题详解】
考查不定式。句意同上。固定结构：way to do sth.“做某事的方式”，所以空处填to share，故填to share。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nowadays, many students in our school don’t have enough time to do sports. Most of our time was spent on study, which causes some health problem. Thus, our school is held Sunshine Sports activities to improving our physical and mental health. The activities are conducted on every afternoon. We are free to do however we like. The schoolyard is full of laughter and life. As name suggests, the Sunshine Sports activities make them sunshine boys and girls. Besides, we have a good understanding of sports, friendship as well as team spirit than before. Up to now, the activities have received highly praise from both students and teachers.
【答案】1. was→is
2. problem→problems
3. held→holding
4. improving→improve
5. 删除on
6. however→whatever
7. name前加the
8. them→us
9. good→better
10. highly→high
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学校正在举行的阳光体育活动，以及它们给作者以及同学们带来的好处。
【详解】1. 考查时态。句意：我们的大部分时间都花在学习上，这导致了一些健康问题。结合语境和上文nowadays可知，此处陈述现在的事情，应用一般现在时，主语time和spend之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。故was改为is。
2. 考查名词的数。句意同上。problem“问题”是可数名词，被some修饰应用其复数形式。故problem改为problems。
3. 考查时态。句意：因此，我们学校正在举办阳光体育活动，以提高我们的身心健康。主语our school和hold之间是主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，故应用现在进行时的主动语态。故held改为holding。
4. 考查不定式。句意同上。根据句意可知，“提高我们的身心健康”举行阳光体育活动的目的，应用不定式to do结构。故improving改为improve。
5. 考查介词。句意：活动在每天下午进行。every afternoon“每天下午”作状语，前面不需要再加介词。故删除on。
6. 考查连词。句意：我们可以自由地选择我们喜欢的。do后的宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且意为“无论什么”，应用whatever引导。故however改为whatever。
7. 考查冠词。句意：顾名思义，阳光体育活动使我们成为阳光男孩和女孩。此处特指“阳光体育活动”这个名字，应用定冠词修饰名词name。故在name前加the。
8. 考查代词。句意同上。文章以第一人称视角来写，故此处是指“使我们称为阳光男孩和女孩”，应用代词us作宾语。故them改为us。
9. 考查比较级。句意：此外，我们比以前更了解体育、友谊以及团队精神。根据than可知，此处应用good的比较级形式。故good改为better。
10. 考查形容词。句意： 到目前为止，这些活动得到了学生和老师的高度赞扬。修饰名词praise应用形容词。故highly改为high。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 请你以谚语“有志者，事竟成(Nothing is impossible to a willing heart)”为题，写一篇演讲稿，参加学校英语演讲活动。内容包括：
1.谚语意义；
2.具体事例；
3.个人感悟。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.题目已为你写好。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart
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【答案】Nothing is impossible to a willing heart
The proverb “Nothing is impossible to a willing heart” means that if a person makes up his mind to do something, he will reach his goal through hard work. Take Yuan Longping for example. Seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation, he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem. After years of efforts, he finally cultivated hybrid rice, which not only improved the life of Chinese farmers, but also benefited some foreign farmers.
In my opinion, we should hold this spirit both in study and in life. As long as we have a goal and strive for it, we will succeed sooner or later.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇开放作文，要求考生以谚语“有志者，事竟成(Nothing is impossible to a willing heart)”为题，写一篇演讲稿，参加学校英语演讲活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
下定决心做某事：make up one’s mind to do sth.→be determined to do sth.
以……为例：take...for example→take...as an example
有益于：benefit→be beneficial to
在我看来：in my opinion→as far as I am concerned
2.句型拓展
陈述句变强调句
原句：Seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation, he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem.
拓展句：It was because of seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation that he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem.
【点睛】[高分句型1]The proverb “Nothing is impossible to a willing heart” means that if a person makes up his mind to do something, he will reach his goal through hard work. （运用了that引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]Seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation, he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem.（运用了现分词作状语）