高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点5-主旨要义之文章大意（练模拟）

这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点5-主旨要义之文章大意（练模拟），文件包含考点5-主旨要义之文章大意教师版docx、考点5-主旨要义之文章大意学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共75页， 欢迎下载使用。

高考英语二轮复习策略建议
一轮复习在紧张的学习与考试中度过，如何有效地进二轮复习，如何在高考最关键时刻，梳理重点知识，如何回归课本、回归基础，是摆在我们面前很值得深思与探讨的问题给大家整理了高考英语二轮复习方法，供大家参阅!
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
要想熟悉高考的思路，最重要的一环就是做题。近五年的高考试题，特别是有些地区新课标执行起来题型发生了变化，就更需要我们适应它。在做高考题的时候，应该注意以下几个方面：
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。

考点5-主旨要义之文章大意--练模拟--熟能生巧
1.【2022届湖北省武汉市高三五月模拟试题（二）】
Libraries are romantic places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining and learning that is contained in them. Access to the knowledge and literary art poetry, fiction, drama)in a library is precious -and particularly valuable to young minds and people of any age with an interest in education.
It would be hard to find anyone who actively disapproves of libraries. But when it comes to reality, Britain’s libraries are on less solid ground. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March.2021 was 72.9m,down 56%on the previous year. Physical visits also collapsed, from 214.6m to 59.7m.
Of course, this is the behaviour that one would expect during a pandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, while people were discouraged from unnecessary mixing. Book sales climbed to their highest in a decade in 2021, which suggests that some former users of libraries may have bought books instead.
Private libraries at home, whether large collections or single bookshelves, appear to be developing well. But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded as competitors, in fact the vast majority of those involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers.
This has something to do with the romantic idea of the reader as explorer, with every book a door to a new store of feeling or understanding. But it also involves the recognition that if books are to form part of our life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured possessions, but there is also something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others -and that will go on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity.
12．What has happened to British libraries?
A．They have been in a bad state. B．They have become romantic places.
C．They have got great appeal for artists. D．They have suffered great loss of users.
13．What has led to the home library boom in Britain?
A．People avoid close contact in public. B．Many libraries have been pulled down.
C．People have access to affordable books. D．More people disapprove of public libraries.
14．What does the author try to convey in the last paragraph?
A．Books are personal belongings. B．Libraries are a paradise for adventurers.
C．Books should be attached importance to. D．Libraries contribute to human connection.
15．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Libraries will fade out of stage. B．Libraries will hold a promising future.
C．Booksellers benefit from libraries’ collapse. D．The pandemic has boosted British book sales.
【答案】12．D13．A14．D15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了图书馆是一个浪漫的地方。浪漫在于阅读，以及其中蕴含的丰富的人类想象和知识。在图书馆获得知识和文学艺术(诗歌、小说、戏剧)是非常宝贵的，尤其是对年轻人和任何年龄对教育感兴趣的人来说。同时，认为图书馆将有一个美好的未来。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But when it comes to reality, Britain’s libraries are on less solid ground. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March.2021 was 72.9m,down 56%on the previous year. Physical visits also collapsed, from 214.6m to 59.7m.”（但在现实中，英国的图书馆却缺乏坚实的基础。在截至2021年3月的一年中，图书借阅数量为7290万册，较上年下降56%。体检次数也大幅减少，从2.146亿次降至5970万次。）可知，英国图书馆遭受了巨大的用户损失。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Of course, this is the behaviour that one would expect during a pandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, while people were discouraged from unnecessary mixing. Book sales climbed to their highest in a decade in 2021, which suggests that some former users of libraries may have bought books instead.”（当然，这是人们在疫情期间预计会出现的行为。许多图书馆在此期间关闭，同时人们被禁止不必要的混合。2021年，图书销量攀升至10年来的最高水平，这表明一些以前的图书馆用户可能转而购买图书。）可知，人们避免在公共场合密切接触导致了英国家庭图书馆的兴起。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But it also involves the recognition that if books are to form part of our life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured possessions, but there is also something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others -and that will go on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity.”（但它也涉及到认识到，如果书籍要成为我们生活的一部分，就必须在公共场所为它们留出空间。书可以是宝贵的财产，但当一本经过别人的书传到你的手中时，它也会有特别的意义——它会在和你一样好奇的陌生人之间传递。）故可推知，作者在最后一段试图表达图书馆有助于人与人之间的联系。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Libraries are romantic places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining and learning that is contained in them. Access to the knowledge and literary art poetry, fiction, drama)in a library is precious -and particularly valuable to young minds and people of any age with an interest in education.”
（图书馆是一个浪漫的地方。浪漫在于阅读，以及其中蕴含的丰富的人类想象和知识。在图书馆获得知识和文学艺术(诗歌、小说、戏剧)是非常宝贵的，尤其是对年轻人和任何年龄对教育感兴趣的人来说。）以及第四段中“But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded as competitors, in fact the vast majority of those involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers.”（但人们一定希望，公共图书馆的访客和借阅量也能很快恢复到以前的水平。和其他服务一样，图书馆也需要用户。虽然从某种意义上说，书商可能被视为竞争对手，但事实上，绝大多数参与这一行业的人，从出版商到诗人，都是图书馆爱好者。）可知，文章主要讲的是图书馆将有一个美好的未来。故选B项。
2.【2022届湖北省黄冈中学高三适应性考试（四模）】
In 1965 three fathers in Washington State faced a problem familiar to many parents in 2022: how to keep their restless children entertained. They threw together wooden paddles (乒乓球拍), a badminton net, and a perforated (有孔的) plastic ball. The sport “pickleball” was born, getting its name – according to one story – from a dog named Pickle, who kept running away with the ball.
Today pickleball, which is a mix of tennis, badminton and ping pong, is the fastest-growing sport in America. In the five years to the end of 2019, pickleball participation grew by more than 7%, while Americans’ overall activity level stayed flat. Now, the sport has picked up more swing thanks to COVID 19. Last March, when gyms closed, portable (便携的) pickleball nets temporarily sold out. “It’s a trend.” says Derek Heil, an employee at Dick’s Sporting Goods in Dallas, who has seen a sales spike for pickleball equipment over the last year. Players set up courts, which are half the size of tennis courts, in driveways.
The 3.5 million Americans who play pickleball are about one-tenth the number who play golf and one-fifth the number who play tennis. Yet there are reasons to bet on the sport’s spread. Like many outdoor activities, pickleball is social, but it is easier to learn than tennis and faster and less expensive than golf. Country clubs and recreation centers are changing some of their tennis courts into pickleball courts to meet demand. The more places there are to play, the more players will try the sport.
Hoping to predict where the ball is going to land, producers of tennis racquets (球拍) are starting to make pickleball kit too. “Pickleball is viewed as an opportunity,” says Stu Upson of USA Pickleball, the sport’s national governing body. As more people take up the sport, demand for televised matches and sponsorships will increase. Mr. Upson expects that one day pickleball will become an Olympic sport, although that may be a long shot.
8．What can we say about the sport pickleball?
A．It was named after a restless child. B．It was used to entertain dogs.
C．It was invented by accident. D．It was seen as a threat to tennis.
9．What does the underlined word “spike” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Technique. B．Increase. C．Target. D．Cycle.
10．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Pickleball has achieved its dominance in sports market in America.
B．Playing pickleball was the most popular sport in the US during the quarantine.
C．American’s participation in sports except pickleball decreased from 2015-2019.
D．Pickleball is the first choice for people to socialize.
11．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．Great popularity of pickleball in America. B．The development of pickleball in America.
C．The influence of pickleball on people’s lives. D．The future of pickleball in the Olympics.
【答案】8．C9．B10．C11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了匹克球运动是如何发明的以及这项运动在美国快速发展的原因和未来的发展趋势。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“In 1965 three fathers in Washington State faced a problem familiar to many parents in 2022: how to keep their restless children entertained. They threw together wooden paddles (乒乓球拍), a badminton net, and a perforated (有孔的) plastic ball. The sport “pickleball” was born（1965年，华盛顿州的三位父亲面临着许多父母在2022年都很熟悉的问题:如何让不安分的孩子开心。 他们把乒乓球拍,羽毛球网和有孔的塑料球组合到一起。 ‘匹克球’这项运动由此诞生了。）”可知，匹克球是几个父亲为了娱乐孩子们而发明的，所以这项运动的发明是很偶然的。故选C项。
9．词义猜测题。由第二段的句子“In the five years to the end of 2019, pickleball participation grew by more than 7%（在截至2019年底的五年里，匹克球的参与人数增长了7%以上）”和“Last March, when gyms closed, portable pickleball nets temporarily sold out.（去年3月,当健身房关闭时,便携式的匹克球网暂时卖完了。）”可知，匹克球运动的参与人数增长很快，有时球网会卖光。所以运动品店的员工Derek Heil应该是看到了匹克球运动设备在销量上的增长。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。由第二段的句子“In the five years to the end of 2019, pickleball participation grew by more than 7%, while Americans’ overall activity level stayed flat.（在截至2019年底的五年里，匹克球的参与人数增长了7%以上，而美国人的总体活动水平保持不变。）”
可知，在2015至2019这五年时间里，在美国人的总体活动水平保持不变的情况下，美国人参加匹克球运动的人数增加了7%还多，所以美国人参加其它运动的人数相对一定会下降。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了匹克球运动是如何产生的。第二段用数字“grew by more than 7%（增长多于7%）”和一个例子“portable   pickleball nets temporarily sold out.（便携式的匹克球网暂时卖光）”说明这项运动在美国发展很快。第三段分析了匹克球快速发展的原因“ Like many outdoor activities, pickleball is social, but it is easier to learn than tennis and faster and less expensive than golf. （像许多户外活动一样，匹克球是一种社交活动，但它比网球更容易学，比学高尔夫更快，更便宜）”。最后一段是对匹克球运动发展的预测“As more people take up the sport, demand for televised matches and sponsorships will increase. Mr. Upson expects that one day pickleball will become an Olympic sport, although that may be a long shot.（随着越来越多的人参加这项运动，对电视转播比赛和赞助的需求将会增加。 厄普森预计，有一天匹克球会成为奥运会的一项比赛项目，尽管这可能是一个渺茫的机会）”。根据文章的各段的主要内容可知，这篇文章主要是介绍匹克球运动在美国的发展。故选B项。
3.【2022届福建省福州第一中学高三5月校模拟】
There have been few positives during the pandemic but British academics may have unearthed one people look more attractive in protective masks.

Dr Michael Lewis, an expert in faces, said research carried out before the pandemic had found that medical face masks reduced attractiveness because they were associated with disease. “We wanted to test whether this had changed since face coverings became common and understand whether the type of mask had any effect.” he said. “Our study suggests faces are considered most attractive when covered by medical face masks. This may be because we’re used to health care workers wearing blue masks and now we associate these with people in caring or medical professions.”
The research was carried out in February 202I by which time the British population had become used to wearing masks in some circumstances. Forty-three women were asked to rate on a scale of one to 10 the
attractiveness of images of male faces without a mask, wearing a plain cloth mask, a blue medical face mask, and holding a plain black book covering the area a face mask would hide. The participants said those wearing a cloth mask were significantly more attractive than the ones with no masks or whose faces were partly covered by the book. But the surgical mask—which was just a normal, disposable kind—made the wearer look even better.
“The pandemic has changed our psychology in how we perceive the wearers of masks.” said Lewis. “When we see someone wearing a mask we no longer think that person has a disease, I need to stay away’ Lewis said it was possible that masks made people more attractive because they directed attention to the eyes. Other studies had found that covering the left or right half of a face also made people look more attractive, partly because the brain fills in the missing gaps and exaggerates the overall impact.
4．How did people wearing medical face masks use to strike others?
A．strange B．relaxing C．undesirable D．attractive
5．According to the research, which of the following is the most appealing?
A．Tom, holding a blue medical face mask
B．Mark, wearing a plain cloth mask.
C．Paul, a book covering the lower area of the face
D．Jason, with a surgical mask covering his face.
6．What can be inferred about the effect of the pandemic on people from the text?
A．People have changed their attitude to medical workers.
B．People prefer to wear masks when they are outdoors.
C．People hold a more positive view on those wearing masks
D．People keep a positive attitude to persons with illness
7．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Masks help during the pandemic.
B．Men need to wear masks.
C．Find ways to become attractive.
D．Face masks make you charming.
【答案】4．C5．D6．C7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是英国学者发现一个戴着防护口罩的人看起来更有吸引力。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Dr Michael Lewis, an expert in faces, said research carried out before the pandemic
had found that medical face masks reduced attractiveness because they were associated with disease.(人脸专家迈克尔·刘易斯博士表示，在大流行之前进行的研究发现，医用口罩会降低吸引力，因为它们与疾病有关。)”可知，过去戴医用口罩的人是不受欢迎的，故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Our study suggests faces are considered most attractive when covered by medical face masks.(我们的研究表明，戴医用口罩的脸被认为最有吸引力。)”可知，戴着外科口罩的Jason是最吸引人的，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The pandemic has changed our psychology in how we perceive the wearers of masks.(疫情改变了我们看待口罩佩戴者的心理。)”和“When we see someone wearing a mask we no longer think that person has a disease, I need to stay away(当我们看到有人戴着口罩时，我们不再认为这个人有疾病，我需要远离他)”可知，流行病对人的影响是人们对戴口罩的人持更积极的看法，故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“There have been few positives during the pandemic but British academics may have unearthed one people look more attractive in protective masks.(疫情期间很少有阳性结果，但英国学者可能发现了一个戴着防护口罩的人，他们看起来更有吸引力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是英国学者发现一个戴着防护口罩的人看起来更有吸引力，也就是“口罩让你迷人”，故选D。
4.【2022届四川省绵阳市高三下学期第三次诊断性考试】
The world’s only captive (圈养) brown giant panda, Qizai, has been taking more exercise in preparation for the upcoming breeding (繁育) season. He is encouraged to stand up by keepers who place food on the end of a stick held just out of his reach. Panda experts believe that strengthening the giant animal’s legs will improve his ability to breed successfully.
The world’s first brown panda was discovered in 1985 in the Qinling Mountains. All photographs of wild brown pandas were taken in the area, which they were named after. The Qinling giant panda, first recognized in 2005, is a subspecies of giant panda. As well as its brown and white fur, it has a smaller and rounder skull and a shorter nose than the more familiar Sichuan giant panda.
Qizai, whose name means the seventh son, was found as two-month-old cub, weak and alone, by researchers in a nature reserve in the Qinling Mountains. For his safety, the researchers took him to the nearby Shanxi Rare Wildlife Rescue Centre where he was given medical treatment and fed on milk from other pandas.
There are 1, 864 giant pandas in the wild, according to World Wildlife. They live mainly in bamboo forests high in the mountains of south-west China, mostly in Sichuan province, but they can also be found in Shanxi province, where Qizai is from. He was previously thought to be the only living brown panda in the world until a
wild panda with the same colour pattern was spotted roaming in a nature reserve in Shanxi in March, 2018. Up to now spotting brown pandas in the wild has taken place no more than ten times, all of which were in the central Qinling Mountains.
4．Why do keepers put food beyond Qizai’s reach?
A．To prepare him for the return to the wild. B．To train him to amuse zoo visitors.
C．To help him exercise his legs. D．To ensure him a balanced diet.
5．What can we infer about Qizai from the text?
A．He was first found in 2005. B．He is a Qinling giant panda.
C．His seventh son is 2 months old. D．He was the only living brown panda.
6．What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?
A．The sighting of wild brown pandas is a rare happening.
B．The Qinling Mountains are home to most wild pandas.
C．The number of giant pandas is growing rapidly.
D．All giant pandas are of the same colour.
7．What’s the text mainly about?
A．Life of captive pandas. B．Endangered giant pandas.
C．The Qinling giant panda. D．Rare wildlife protection.
【答案】4．C5．B6．A7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章由“七仔”导入，介绍了秦岭大熊猫的相关知识。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“He is encouraged to stand up by keepers who place food on the end of a stick held just out of his reach. Panda experts believe that strengthening the giant animal’s legs will improve his ability to breed successfully.(饲养员把食物放在它够不到的一根棍子上，鼓励它站起来。熊猫专家认为，加强这种巨型动物的腿能提高它成功繁殖的能力)”可知，饲养员把食物放在七仔够不着的棍子上是为了锻炼它的腿，以提高成功繁育的能力。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段的“All photographs of wild brown pandas were taken in the area, which they were named after.(所有野生棕色大熊猫的照片都是在该地区（秦岭）拍摄的，它们是以该地区命名的)”和第三段的“Qizai, whose name means the seventh son, was found as two-month-old cub, weak and alone, by researchers in a nature reserve in the Qinling Mountains.(研究人员在秦岭自然保护区发现了七仔，它只有两个月大，身体虚弱，孤独无依)”可知，七仔是一只秦岭棕色大熊猫。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Up to now spotting brown pandas in the wild has taken place no more than ten times, all of which were in the central Qinling Mountains.(到目前为止，在野外发现棕色大熊猫的次数不超过10次，都是在秦岭中部)”推知，看到野生棕色大熊猫是很罕见的事。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第二段指出在秦岭发现的棕色大熊猫都叫秦岭大熊猫，第三段介绍七仔在秦岭被发现的经过，第四段介绍野生棕色大熊猫几乎都在秦岭被发现。由此可知，本文主要介绍秦岭大熊猫。故选C。
5.【2022届山西省朔州怀仁市高考第三次模拟】
Mankind’s attempts at achieving physical beauty is nothing new (the use of beauty products dates back to ancient Egypt and Rome) but the methods we use to achieve that “perfect look” have certainly evolved. Americans spend billions of dollars each year on a variety of beauty products. Some people will stop at nothing to maintain a youthful appearance. Just how far would you go to achieve that youthful glow?
For brave individuals with common aches and muscle pains, Ada Barak’s northern Israel spa (休闲健身中心) offers a slippery solution. In this $70 procedure, dozens of non-poisonous snakes are laid over the body, causing a variety of sensations. Small snakes, such as the milk snake, brush lightly over the skin; larger ones, such as corn and king snakes, provide deeper pressure to alleviate painful muscles.
Temperature treatment method dates back hundreds of years，and Europeans have long applied the use of “cold saunas” to restore the body and reduce chronic pain. The first spa in North America to offer “cryotherapy” was opened in 2010 by Sparkling Hill Resort in British Colombia, Canada. For $45, clients can participate in an icy 3-minute introductory session in which they expose themselves (under close supervision (监管)) to a-110℃ (-166°F) temperature room. Frozen stiff or re-energized? You’ll have to see for yourself.
When a pumice stone (浮石) isn’t enough, some people turn to fish to soften their heels. “Fish pedicures” are popular in Europe and Asia, and run between $40 and $100. The practice is slowly popping up in American salons—though some states have cited hygienic (清洁) issues and banned the treatment. Prior to a traditional pedicure, clients soak their feet in a pool with over 100 garra rufa fish (from the family Cypriniformes), which eat away dead skin to leave feet soft and refreshed.
8．What does the underlined word “alleviate” in para. 2 mean?
A．Assist. B．Relieve. C．Refresh. D．Advance.
9．What can we learn about the temperature treatment?
A．It lasts no more than 3 minutes. B．It watches over clients’ safety.
C．It happens in a very warm room. D．It aims to deal with chronic pain.
10．What can be inferred about a pumice stone?
A．It costs between $40 and $100.
B．It is popular in Europe and Asia.
C．People can use it to clear themselves of dirt.
D．People have begun to complain about its issues.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．The history of beauty products. B．The potential of beauty industry.
C．Some funny ways of beauty treatment. D．Some reasons to achieve “perfect look”.
【答案】8．B9．B10．C11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们为了追求美而采用的一些似乎有趣的疗法。
8．词句猜测题。由第二段中“For brave individuals with common aches and muscle pains, Ada Barak’s northern Israel spa (休闲健身中心) offers a slippery solution. In this $70 procedure, dozens of non-poisonous snakes are laid over the body, causing a variety of sensations. (对于那些有常见疼痛和肌肉疼痛的勇敢的人，Ada Barak的以色列北部水疗中心提供了一种光滑的解决方案。在这个花费70美元的过程中，数十条无毒蛇被放在身体上，引起各种各样的感觉)”可推知人们借助于蛇在身上爬的目的是减轻或缓解肌肉痛苦，划线词alleviate的意思是“减轻”，和relieve意思接近，故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段的“For $45, clients can participate in an icy 3-minute introductory session in which they expose themselves (under close supervision (监管)) to a-110℃ (-166°F) temperature room.(只需45美元，客户就可以参加3分钟的冰冷的疗程，在疗程中，在密切的监督下，他们将自己暴露在a-110℃(-166°F)温度的房间中)”可知温度治疗会监视客户的安全。故选B。
10．推理判断题。由最后一段的“When a pumice stone (浮石) isn’t enough, some people turn to fish to soften their heels.(当浮石不够用时，有些人会求助于鱼来软化脚跟)”和“Prior to a traditional pedicure, clients soak their feet in a pool with over 100 garra rufa fish (from the family Cypriniformes), which eat away dead skin to leave feet soft and refreshed.(在做传统的足疗之前，客户会把脚泡在一个有100多条鱼的水池里（来自鲤科），它们会吃掉死皮，让脚变得柔软和清新)”可推知这种浮石的作用（像鱼一样）是去除人们身上的脏物。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Mankind’s attempts at achieving physical beauty is nothing new (the use of beauty products dates back to ancient Egypt and Rome) but the methods we use to achieve that “perfect look” have certainly evolved. Americans spend billions of dollars each year on a variety of beauty products. Some
people will stop at nothing to maintain a youthful appearance.(人类追求外表美并不是什么新鲜事(美容产品的使用可以追溯到古埃及和古罗马)，但我们用来达到“完美外表”的方法肯定已经进化了。美国人每年在各种美容产品上花费数十亿美元。有些人会不惜一切代价保持年轻的外表)”和后面三段介绍的三种方法可知，本文主要介绍的是一些有趣的美容方法。故选C。
6.【2022届广西四市玉林市普通高中高三下学期4月教学质量监测】
Little Women (1994)
Louisa May Alcott’s classic novel Little Women isn’t a stranger to film adaptation, but this 1994 version from the director Gillian Armstrong targets the film at modern audiences without changing its old-fashioned style. Handsomely staged and acted, this is a first-rate introduction to one of the great works of young adult literature.
My Fair Lady (1964)
George Cukor’s energetic adaptation of the Broadway musical based on George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion won eight Academy Awards. Audrey Hepburn shines as Eliza Doolittle, the lower-class Cockney flower girl who the phonetics (语音学) professor Henry Higgins believes he can tum into a proper lady by merely bettering her speech. The script carefully touches issues of gender and class while creating a credible chemistry between the leads.
Alice in Wonderland (2010)
The latest Alice adaptation on the big screen, Tim Burton’s in 2010, is perhaps the furthest of all the adaptations from Caroll’s original. Burton’s Alice, trying to freshen up a 150-year -old story, picks up the story some years after Alice wakes up, imagining a grown-up Alice who finds herself once again in Wonderland when she escapes from a marriage proposal (求婚).
Lady Bird (2017)
Adapted by Greta Gerwig, this funny coming-of-age story is set in her hometown. Saoirse Ronan shines in the leading role as a quietly rebellious (叛逆的) high-school senior whose search for love and popularity causes conflicts with her mother. In Gerwig’s screenplay, characters are complicated and flawed, yet deeply sympathetic.
1．Who’s the director of My Fair Lady?
A．George Cukor. B．Gillian Armstrong.
C．Greta Gerwig. D．George Bernard Shaw.
2．Which one may you choose if you are interested in parent-kid relationships?
A．Little Women (1994) B．My Fair Lady (1964)
C．Alice in Wonderland (2010) D．Lady Bird (2017)
3．What docs the text mainly talk about?
A．Some book reviews. B．A few popular films.
C．Some classic novels. D．Some film adaptations.
【答案】1．A2．D3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是根据小说改编的四部电影。
1．细节理解题。根据My Fair Lady (1964)部分的“George Cukor’s energetic adaptation of the Broadway musical based on George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion won eight Academy Awards.(乔治·库克根据萧伯纳的《皮格马利翁》改编的百老汇音乐剧获得了8项奥斯卡奖。)”可知，《窈窕淑女》的导演是George Cukor，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Lady Bird (2017)部分的“Saoirse Ronan shines in the leading role as a quietly rebellious     high-school senior whose search for love and popularity causes conflicts with her mother.(Saoirse Ronan饰演一个安静叛逆的高中高年级学生，她对爱情和人气的追求导致了与母亲的冲突。)”可知，如果你对亲子关系感兴趣，你会选择Lady Bird (2017)，故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据Little Women (1994)部分的“Louisa May Alcott’s classic novel Little Women isn’t a stranger to film adaptation, but this 1994 version from the director Gillian Armstrong targets the film at modern audiences without changing its old-fashioned style.(Louisa May Alcott的经典小说《小妇人》被改编成电影并不陌生，但导演Gillian Armstrong的1994年的这部电影在没有改变传统风格的情况下，瞄准了现代观众。)”，My Fair Lady (1964)部分的“George Cukor’s energetic adaptation of the Broadway musical based on George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion won eight Academy Awards.(乔治·库克根据萧伯纳的《皮格马利翁》改编的百老汇音乐剧获得了8项奥斯卡奖。)”，Alice in Wonderland (2010)部分的“The latest Alice adaptation on the big screen, Tim Burton’s in 2010, is perhaps the furthest of all the adaptations from Caroll’s original.(2010年，Tim Burton执导的《爱丽丝漫游仙境》被搬上了大银幕，可能是所有改编自卡罗尔原著的电影中最远的一部。)”和Lady Bird (2017)部分的“Adapted by Greta Gerwig, this funny coming-of-age story is set in her hometown.(由格蕾塔·葛韦格改编，这个有趣的成长故事发生在她的家乡。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是根据小说改编的四部电影。故选D。
7.【2022届黑龙江省大庆市高三年级下学期第三次教学质量检测】
The International Baccalaureate (IB) Program is an internationally recognized qualification for entry into higher education. Usually, 16- to 19-year-olds take it during the last two years of high school. High-achieving high school students who want an international perspective in a variety of subjects should consider this program.
The IB Program includes three required courses. The first, Theory of Knowledge, discusses where knowledge comes from and how to analyze information. The second required course, Extended Essay, involves researching a subject of the student’s choice and writing a 4,000-word essay on it. The third requirement, called Creativity, Activity, Service, requires 50 hours of work outside of class in each of the three areas. Creativity includes theater, music and art. Activity refers to sports, and service means volunteering.
The program includes classes in six other subject areas as well: language and literature, language acquisition, individuals and societies, sciences, mathematics and the arts. Students are expected to take one class from each subject area. However, they can choose an additional course from one of the other areas as a substitution for the arts requirement.
The IB Program introduces students to a wide range of courses. This can give students a leg up in university applications because it shows they can learn about many different subjects. On the other hand, the variety of subjects means that students can only take one or two classes in any one area. Therefore, students who want to specialize in fields such as medicine or engineering may as well take more classes in a single subject area. IB may not be a good fit for these students.
The IB Program is time-consuming and intellectually challenging. Not all students will desire or feel equipped to put in the work. For those who pursue it, however, the IB Program offers a wide-ranging education focused on developing skills students will need in life.
4．Who is recommended to participate in the IB Program?
A．Students pursuing engineering. B．Students wanting to serve others.
C．Students hunting for an occupation. D．Students interested in various fields.
5．What can we know about the course arrangement of IB Program?
A．It demands students should be good at a particular sport.
B．It allows students to select another course to replace arts.
C．It advises students should graduate from high school first.
D．It requires students to choose one course in each subject area.
6．What does the phrase “a leg up” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．An advantage. B．A certificate. C．A fast speed. D．A suggestion.
7．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Applications for IB Program. B．Required courses in IB Program.
C．An introduction of IB Program. D．Suitable participants for IB Program.
【答案】4．D5．B6．A7．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。国际学士学位（IB）课程是国际公认的高等教育入学资格。文章介绍了国际学士学位（IB）课程学习内容，申请学习这个课程的对象和作用。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“High-achieving high school students who want an international perspective in a variety of subjects should consider this program.(那些想在不同学科中获得国际视野的高中生应该考虑这个项目)”可知，建议.对不同领域感兴趣的学生参加IB项目。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, they can choose an additional course from one of the other areas as a substitution for the arts requirement.(然而，他们可以从其他领域中选择一门额外的课程，作为艺术要求的替代)”可知，IB项目允许学生选择另一门课程来代替艺术。故选B项。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“because it shows they can learn about many different subjects.(因为这表明他们可以学习许多不同的学科)”及划线词前文“The IB Program introduces students to a wide range of courses.(IB项目向学生介绍了广泛的课程)”可知，IB项目可以给申请大学的学生一个优势。由此推知，划线词组a leg up意义为“一个优势”。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The International Baccalaureate (IB) Program is an internationally recognized qualification for entry into higher education. (国际学士学位（IB）课程是国际公认的高等教育入学资格)”及后文内容可知，整篇文章都围绕“The International Baccalaureate (IB) Program”来叙述的。由此可知，An introduction of IB Program.(IB项目简介)符合题意。故选C项。
8.【河南省中原名校联盟2021-2022学年高三下学期4月份适应性联考】
If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare,” “Samuel Johnson,” and “Webster,” but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English-William the Conqueror.
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.
But this state of affairs did not last. In l066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of Eng-land while Old English became the
language of peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more "foreign" than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man's ambition.
8．The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before l066 were
A．Welsh and Scottish B．Nordic and Germanic
C．Celtic and Old English. D．Anglo-Saxon and Germanic
9．Which of the following groups of words are, by inference, rooted in French?
A．president, Lawyer, beef B．president, bread, water
C．bread, field, sheep D．folk, field, cow
10．Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe?
A．Most advertisements in France appear in English.
B．They know little of the history of the English language.
C．Many French words are similar to English ones.
D．They know French better than German.
11．What is the subject discussed in the text?
A．The history of Great Britain.
B．The similarity between English and French.
C．The rule of England by William the Conqueror.
D．The French influences on the English language.
【答案】8．C9．A10．C11．D

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。如果让你列举那些对应于做出最大贡献的人，你一定会得到类似莎士比亚，塞缪尔约翰逊这样的答案，但实际上，没有任何人的对英语的影响力能够超过征服者威廉。在1066年以前，我们现在称为英国的土地上存在两种主要语言，一种是凯尔特语，另一种是古英语。而后来由于威廉的雄心，使得古英语成为英国的主要语言，而法语也成为对英语影响颇深的语言。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic.”在中西地区住着威尔士人，他们说凯尔特语，在南部居住着苏格兰人，他们的语言不同于威尔士人的语言，但也是凯尔特语。由此可知一大主要语言为凯尔特语。根据第二段第三句“In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language. ”在国家的其余地方居住着撒克逊人，他们是英国人、撒克逊人、德国人、日耳曼人的混合，他们讲的语言是英格兰语（即古英语）。可知另一大分支为古英语。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German.”结果导致，英语中关于政治和法律的词来源于法语而不是德语。“We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.”我们甚至在食物尤其是肉食上有不同的词，这取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家煮着吃，事实证明，撒克逊农民在耕作而上层社会的诺曼人在大部分食物上贡献更多。由此可见，有关政治、法律以及家中煮着的食物最可能来源于法国，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more "foreign" than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does”当美国人到欧洲旅游时，他们经常发现德语比法语更像外国语，以为在德国，他们看见的标签和广告语看起来比法语更与英语不同。所以可知，许多法语词汇和英语很像。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。文章开篇即抛出问题：谁对英语的影响最大，接着给出答案：征服者威廉。可见文章即将讨论的问题就是他对英语的影响。接下来，作者介绍了1066年以前的英国语言由两大派系组成，而之后由于威廉的雄心，才使得古英语成为英国的主要语言，而法语也成为对英语影响颇深的语言。故选D。
9.【2022届云南省第二次高中毕业生复习统一检测】
Milan is Italy’s fashion capital. Milan has it all, whether you love fashion, homeware, or jewellery. Let us help you get started with the best fashion destinations in Milan.
Quadrilatero della Moda
This is Milan’s fashion soul. Think about some famous designers. They will most likely have an atelier here. It is one of the main shopping streets in the world, along with Paris’ Champs Elysees and New York’s Fifth Avenue.
But walking along these streets isn’t only about shopping. It’s also about sightseeing. As you walk past the
luxury brands, you’ll see some of Milan’s most famous landmarks, including Palazzo Morando and Poldi Pezzoli Museum.
Opening times: Most shops between 10:00 and 19:00 or 20:00
Nearest station: 4-minute walk from Montenapoleone
Corso Vercelli
If you’re wondering where local Milanese go shopping, it’s Corso Vercelli. It is close to Fiera Milano, not too far from Sempione Park.
The roots of this avenue date back to the late 19th century, when it was particularly favoured by tax and duty laws. Today, it offers exciting shopping opportunities with smaller crowds. The historic tram crossing the area gives it a unique atmosphere.
Opening times: Most shops between 10:00 and 19:00 or 20:00
Nearest station: 4-minute walk from Pagano
Sempione Area
The area around Sempione Park is one of the most picturesque. It offers endless shopping opportunities-both high-end and budget-friendly.
Thanks to the wide range of restaurants, bars and clubs, it's trendy among students and young professionals, making it the perfect place to grab a bargain.
If you head east from the park, you'll be bound to come across Milan’s Chinatown -the largest and oldest in Italy, where you’ll find plenty of affordable knick-knacks and furniture.
Opening times: Most shops between 9:30 and 19:30 or 20:30
Nearest station: 14-minute walk from Milan Cadorna
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
Another place is the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, which houses stores like Luis vuitton and expensive restaurants. If you are looking for upscale fashion and jewellery stores, via Brera and Corso Buenos Aires are your go-to.
Opening times: Mostly between 10:00 and 20:00
1．Who will be most interested in visiting Corso Vercelli?
A．Those with generous budgets who look for luxury brands.
B．People who are curious about Milan's local life and history.
C．Fashion students and young professional.
D．Sightseers from the Greater China Region.
2．In which place can you shop for a longer period of time?
A．Quadrilatero della Moda. B．Sempione Area.
C．Corso Vercelli. D．Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II.
3．What is the text mainly about?
A．Why Milan is called Italy's fashion capital. B．How to travel around Milan for shopping.
C．Some of the best places for shopping in Milan. D．A couple of exciting things to do in Milan.
【答案】1．B2．B3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了米兰四个购物场所的情况。
1．细节理解题。根据Corso Vercelli部分中“If you’re wondering where local Milanese go shopping, it’s Corso Vercelli.(如果你想知道米兰本地人去哪里购物，那就是Corso Vercelli)”以及“The historic tram crossing the area gives it a unique atmosphere.(历史悠久的有轨电车穿过这个地区，给它带来了一种独特的氛围)”可知，对米兰的当地生活和历史感到好奇的人会对参观维切利广场最感兴趣。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Sempione Area部分中“It offers endless shopping opportunities-both high-end and budget-friendly.(它提供了无尽的购物机会——无论是高端的还是经济实惠的)”以及“Opening times: Most shops between 9:30 and 19:30 or 20:30 (营业时间：大部分店铺在9:30至19:30或20:30之间)”可知，你可以在Sempione Area长时间购物。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Milan is Italy’s fashion capital. Milan has it all, whether you love fashion, homeware, or jewellery. Let us help you get started with the best fashion destinations in Milan.(米兰是意大利的时尚之都。米兰应有尽有，无论你喜欢时尚、家居用品还是珠宝首饰。让我们帮你从米兰最好的时尚目的地开始吧)”结合文章主要介绍了米兰四个购物场所的情况。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是米兰的一些最好的购物场所。故选C。
10.【2022届湖南省衡阳市高三下学期毕业班联考（一）】
Chinese television maker Skyworth Group is strengthening efforts to venture into the 5G-powered 8K ultra-high definition TV section, especially the whole industrial chain related to the top-notch 8K technology, as it aims to grab a bigger slice of the country’s high-end TV market.
Wang Zhiguo, chairman and president of Shenzhen Skyworth-RGB Electronic, said the company is committed to providing a complete 8K solution that covers 8K video cameras, monitors, content creation and cloud operating
systems, and expands application in a wide range of fields such as aerial photography, education, healthcare and advertising.
The company uncovered its new 8K TV product Q71, which supports 8K signal reception, decoding, image signal processing and screen display. The 8K TVs have a screen resolution ratio that is 4.3 times clearer than human eyesight and four times higher than the 4K ones. 8K UHD livestreaming and cloud-based broadcasting will give viewers a more immersive experience.
“5G offers technological support for the adoption of 8K, while 8K is one of the best application scenarios of the superfast wireless technology, ” said Wu Wei, chief engineer of Skyworth, adding 5G has the advantages of high speed, large capacity and low latency, which brings about a good opportunity for the popularization of 8K ultra-high definition TV. And the country’s 8K video industry will see robust growth with the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, which will use 8K UHD livestreaming and transmission.
The domestic 8K TV industry is now in a nascent stage, Wu said, adding that Skyworth will intensify research and development efforts in 8K chips to improve the clarity, contrast and brightness of images.
“While there is a shortage of 8K video content, which requires advanced, professional equipment such as special cameras and monitors, increasing the cost of producing content, with the advent of superfast 5G technology and the popularization of big TVs, 8K has created many opportunities. The broadcasting of sporting events via 8K equipment has also motivated people to demand high-definition image quality,” said Liu Fei, research director of the consumer electronics department of Skyworth.
32．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Skyworth Group is accelerating efforts to tap into 8K technology.
B．5G technology and 8K are developing hand in hand.
C．5G-powered 8K ultra-high definition TV has a promising future.
D．Skyworth will provide viewers a more immersive experience.
33．The underlined word “nascent” in the fifth paragraph probably means “ ”.
A．bottlenecked B．vial
C．immature D．developed
34．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Q71 is Skyworth’s 5G-powered 8K ultra-high definition TV product.
B．The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics will help the growth of 8K video industry.
C．8K products need much improvement in some aspects.
D．The popularization of 5G draws on the advantages of 8K TV.
35．What is Liu Fei’s attitude to 8K?
A．Doubtful. B．Confused.
C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.
【答案】32．A33．C34．D35．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国电视制造商创维集团正加大力度开发8K技术。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chinese television maker Skyworth Group is strengthening efforts to venture into the 5G-powered 8K ultra-high definition TV section, especially the whole industrial chain related to the top—notch 8K technology, as it aims to grab a bigger slice of the country’s high—end TV market.”（中国电视制造商创维集团正加大力度，进军5G驱动的8K超高清电视领域，特别是与顶级8K技术相关的整个产业链，旨在在中国高端电视市场中占据更大份额）可知，本文主要介绍的是创维集团正在加速开发8K技术，故选A。
33．根据划线词后的“Skyworth will intensify research and development efforts in 8K chips to improve the clarity, contrast and brightness of images.”可知，创维将加大8K芯片的研发力度，以提高图像的清晰度、对比度和亮度，这说明国内8K电视产业目前还处于起步阶段，也就是8K技术还不成熟，由此可知划线词词义为“不成熟的”，故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“5G has the advantages of high speed, large capacity and low latency, which brings about a good opportunity for the popularization of 8K ultra-high definition TV.”（5G具有高速、大容量、低延迟的优势，这为8K超高清电视的普及带来了良好的机遇）可知，是5G为8K超高清电视的普及带来了良好的机遇而不是5G的普及利用了8K电视的优势，故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“with the advent of superfast 5G technology and the popularization of big TVs, 8K has created many opportunities. The broadcasting of sporting events via 8K equipment has also motivated people to demand high-definition image quality,”（随着超高速5G技术的出现和大尺寸电视的普及，8K创造了许多机会。通过8K设备转播体育赛事也激发了人们对高清画质的需求）可知，刘飞认为8K创造了许多机会，特别是激发了体育迷们对高清画质的需求，由此可知，他对8K技术持支持态度，故选C。
11.【2022届辽宁省大连市高考联合模拟】
After analyzing 14.5 billion words used in daily news coverage in 2021, The Oxford English Dictionary has chosen “vax” as the Word of the Year.
Oxford Languages, the publisher of the dictionary, reported that “Vax”, the shortened term for “vaccine”, has
injected itself into the bloodstream of the English language, and is a catchy and punchy word for 2021.
A contributing factor to its rise in 2021— aside from its obvious relation to the COVID vaccine drive— is its adaptability, according to Fiona McPherson, a senior editor of The Oxford English Dictionary. It can mean either vaccine or vaccination as a noun and vaccinate as a verb, and it is the root of many other phrases such as “vax cards”, “vax passports”, and “getting vaxxied”. The word has also been changed into other inventive words like vaxxie, a selfie taken during or immediately before or after one’s vaccination. “It has made the most striking impact,” said Fiona MePherson.
Vax and vaxx are both accepted spellings, but the form with one x is more common. It was first recorded in English in 1799, while its derivatives (衍生词) “vaccinate” and “vaccination” both first appeared in 1800. All of these words ultimately came from the Latin word “vacca”, which means “cow”. According to The Oxford English Dictionary, this is due to English physician and scientist Edward Jenner’s pioneering work on vaccination against smallpox in the late 1790s and early 1800s.
“The word’s highest frequency in usage caught our attention first. Then we ran the analysis and a story started to emerge, revealing how ‘vax’ sat at the centre of our preoccupations this year,” Casper Grathwohl, the president of Oxford Languages, said in an interview. “No word better captures the atmosphere of the year than ‘vax’”
4．Which of the following best describes the word vax?
A．Fixed. B．Complex. C．Adaptable. D．Boring.
5．What is the origin of the word vax?
A．Edward Jenner’s pioneering work. B．The Latin word vacca.
C．The Latin word cow. D．The Oxford English Dictionary.
6．Why is vax chosen as the Word of the Year?
A．It is from The Oxford English Dictionary.
B．It is accepted by Oxford Languages.
C．It appears most frequently in news.
D．It is reporters’ favorite word.
7．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Choosing vax as the Word of 2021.
B．Making vax changeable.
C．Researching the origin of vax.
D．Analyzing vax in The Oxford English Dictionary.
【答案】4．C5．B6．C7．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，vax被《牛津英语词典》选为英国年度单词，文章讲述了原因及vax的来源。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“A contributing factor to its rise in 2021— aside from its obvious relation to the COVID vaccine drive— is its adaptability(除了它与COVID疫苗运动的明显关系外，它在2021年流行的一个促成因素是它的适应性)”可知，C项“适应性强的，可改变的”最能描述vax这个词。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“All of these words ultimately came from the Latin word ‘vacca’, which means ‘cow’.(所有这些单词最终都来自于拉丁语单词‘vacca’，意思是‘牛’。)”可知，vax来源于拉丁语单词vacca。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“After analyzing 14.5 billion words used in daily news coverage in 2021, The Oxford English Dictionary has chosen “vax” as the Word of the Year.(在分析了2021年每日新闻报道中使用的145亿个单词后，《牛津英语词典》选择vax作为年度单词)”及最后一段中“The word’s highest frequency in usage caught our attention first.(使用频率最高的这个单词首先引起了我们的注意。)”可知，vax因在新闻中出现频率最高而被选为年度单词。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“After analyzing 14.5 billion words used in daily news coverage in 2021, The Oxford English Dictionary has chosen “vax” as the Word of the Year.(在分析了2021年每日新闻报道中使用的145亿个单词后，《牛津英语词典》选择vax作为年度单词)”可知， 本文主要讲述了vax被《牛津英语词典》选为年度单词，文章讲述了原因及vax的来源。故选A项。
12.【河北省保定市部分学校2021-2022学年高三下学期3月联考】
A study led by Plana-Ripoll, a psychiatrist (精神病医生) at Aarhus University in Denmark, tries to deal with a fundamental question that has bothered researchers for more than a century—What are the roots of mental illness?
In the hope of finding an answer, scientists have piled up a large amount of data over the past decade, through studies of genes (基因), brain activity and neuroanatomy (神经解剖学). They have found evidence that many of the same genes underlie seemingly distinct disorders and that changes in the brain's decision-making systems could be involved in many conditions.
Researchers are also rethinking theories of how our brains go wrong. The idea that mental illness can be classified into distinct, separate categories such as “anxiety” or “psychosis” has been disproved to a large extent. Instead, they’ve found that disorders shade into each other, and there are no hard dividing lines.
Now, researchers are trying to understand the biology that underlies mental illness.
They have a few theories. Perhaps there are several dimensions of mental illness—so, depending on how a person scores on each dimension, they might be more prone (易患) to some disorders than to others. An alternative idea is that there is a single factor that makes people prone to mental illness in general; which disorder they develop is then determined by other factors. Both ideas are being taken seriously, although the former one is more widely accepted by researchers.
The details are still vague, but most psychiatrists agree that one thing is clear: The old system of categorizing mental disorders into neat boxes does not work. They are also hopeful that, in the long run, replacing this framework with one that is grounded in biology will lead to new drugs and treatments. Researchers aim to reveal, for instance, the key genes, brain regions and neurological (神经的) processes involved in psychopathology (精神病理学), and target them with therapies (疗法). Although it might take a while to get there, they are long-term optimistic if the field really does its work.
12．What have researchers found in their study?
A．There exist links between mental disorders. B．Genes are different in distinct mental disorders.
C．Brain function has little to do with mental illness. D．Mental illness is classified into different categories.
13．Researchers more widely accept _________.
A．the theory of genetic influences B．the belief of brain abnormalities
C．the concept of multiple dimension D．the idea of the determined risk factor
14．What can we infer about mental illness from the last paragraph?
A．Its genes are too complex to study. B．Hunting for its biology might help.
C．Scientists are clear about its details. D．Its new drugs can be available soon.
15．What's the text mainly about?
A．The categories of mental illness. B．The symptoms of mental illness.
C．The theories of mental illness. D．The roots of mental illness.
【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕精神疾病的根源展开，讲述了研究人员提出了一些新的理论，并希望多了解精神疾病的病理生理特征，从而研制出有效的药物和疗法的内容。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Instead, they’ve found that disorders shade into each other, and there are no hard dividing lines.（相反，他们发现疾病之间相互影响，没有明确的分界线）”可知，各种精神疾病之间是相互联系的，没有标准的分界线。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“Perhaps there are several dimensions of mental illness—so, depending on how a person scores on each dimension, they might be more prone to some disorders than to others.（也许精神疾病有多个维度，因此，根据一个人在每个维度上的得分，他们可能更容易患某些疾病，而不是其他疾病）”和最后一句“Both ideas are being taken seriously, although the former one is more widely accepted by researchers.（这两种观点都得到了认真对待，尽管前者更为研究人员广泛接受）”可知，多维度的概念更广泛地被研究者们接受。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They are also hopeful that, in the long run, replacing this framework with one that is grounded in biology will lead to new drugs and treatments. Researchers aim to reveal, for instance, the key genes, brain regions and neurological (神经的)processes involved in psychopathology (精神病理学), and target them with therapies (疗法). (他们还希望，从长远来看，用一个基于生物学的框架取代这个框架，将会带来新的药物和治疗方法。例如，研究人员的目标是揭示与精神病理学有关的关键基因、大脑区域和神经过程，并针对它们进行治疗)”可知，研究精神疾病的病理以及引发精神疾病的生物学因素可能会对他们接下来的工作有所帮助。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段中破折号后面的问句“What are the roots of mental illness？（精神疾病的根源是什么？）”可知，全文都是围绕“精神疾病的根源”这一问题展开的。故选D。
13.【2022届河南省安阳市高三第二次模拟】
Road trips can seem extra-long when someone else’ s unpleasant music fills the car. What if you could listen to only your music without headphones and no one else would hear it? Now researchers in France are working lo deliver such personal sound zones that adapt as conditions in your car change.
Why bother? Headphones are good at controlling what you hear, but they can be uncomfortable and even damage your hearing.
Personal listening zones inside a car could let you hear well without having to drown out other sounds with high volume. They also would bring many new possibilities. Everyone in a car could listen to their own audio privately. GPS alerts (警报) could go only to the driver. Passengers could make phone calls without being overheard.
Engineers are working to create these personal sound zones using multiple loudspeakers. They don’t tall broadcast the same signal, but the signals are coordinated (协调的). A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.
According to Patricia Davies, an engineer studying sound, creating quiet zones anywhere in a three-dimensional space, like the inside of a vehicle, is challenging. One reason is that sound waves are sensitive. Changes in temperature can change how fast the waves travel. So can the number of people in the car and other factors. A small change in even one of these can have a big impact.
Still, it’s easier to create personal sound zones in cars than in other spaces. In a car, what’s interesting is that we know where the people are. The loudspeakers can be built right into the headrests.
Personal sound zones will only catch on if they work as well as headphones. If you turn on the air conditioner or pick up a passenger, the sound quality can’t go downhill. With this in mind, Melon and his team recently modified an existing system.
12．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3?
A．The popularity of personal listening zones.
B．The advantages of personal listening zones.
C．The safety offered by personal listening zones.
D．The differenccs among 8ounds with high volume.
13．What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer.
14．Why is creating quiet zones in a car difficult?
A．The speed of a car is uncontrollable.
B．Sound waves are easy to be affected.
C．The places of loudspeakers are fixed.
D．The temperatures of passengers are changeable.
15．What might be talked about next?
A．What the team did.
B．Who made up the team.
C．Which system worked best.
D．How popular the system was.
【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“车内个人听力区”
这种新技术，这种目前正在研究的技术可以让人们摘掉耳机但同时也能避免其他声音的干扰。
12．主旨大意题。根据本段“Personal listening zones inside a car could let you hear well without having to drown out other sounds with high volume. They also would bring many new possibilities. Everyone in a car could listen to their own audio privately. GPS alerts (警报) could go only to the driver. Passengers could make phone calls without being overheard.（汽车内的个人听力区可以让你听得很好，而不必盖过其他高音量。它们还将带来许多新的可能性。车里的每个人都可以私下听自己的音频。GPS警报只能司机听到。乘客可以打电话而不会被人听到。）” 可知，本段主要介绍了车内的个人听力区的好处，比如不必用大音量掩盖其他声音，GPS警报只发送给司机，乘客可以在不被听到的情况下打电话等。故选B。
13．词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One reason is that sound waves are sensitive.（一个原因是声波很敏感。）”可知，在汽车内部创建安静区域是一项挑战，因为声波是敏感的。B选项“Sound waves are easy to be affected.”（声波容易受影响）符合题意。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“With this in mind, Melon and his team recently modified an existing system.（ 考虑到这一点，Melon和他的团队最近修改了一个现有的系统。）”可知，接下来会介绍Melon和他的团队都做了些什么。故选A。
14.【2022届河南省安阳市高三第二次模拟】
As for Benjamin Franklin’s kite-and-key experiment, most people are aware of the version in which Franklin “discovered” electricity when lightning struck his kite. However, several details about this experiment are unknown, including when and where it happened. Some historians even doubt whether it took place.
In fact, electricity had already been used for centuries before Franklin’s experiment. Franklin lived from 1706 to 1790 when electricity was understood 0S the interaction between two different fluids (流体), which Franklin later referred to as “ plus ” and “ minus ”.
It was unknown before Franklin’s experiment whether lightning was electrical, though some scientists, including Franklin, had guessed just that. Franklin was particularly interested in this because lightning strikes had caused disastrous fires where houses were made of wood. Actually, by creating a lightning rod (避雷针), Franklin helped to protect wooden buildings from being struck by lightning.
A few publications reported the experiment. In 1771 Franklin referred to the experiment in his autobiography, and other colleagues also wrote about it. Notably, the experiment appeared in “History and Present Status of Electricity” by Joseph Priestley. Priestley heard about the kite and key experiment from Franklin himself around 15 years after the fact, and in his book，he wrote it occurred in June 1752.
However, in a book by Tom Tucker, he noted Franklin’s description of his experiment was phrased in the future conditional tense: “As soon as any of the Thunder Clouds come over the Kite, the pointed Wire will draw the Electric Fire from them...” Franklin could have simply been saying that the experiment could, in theory, be performed. Given that his statement has a few missing details—Franklin didn’t list a date, time or location, for example it’s possible that Franklin did not perform the experiment himself.
However, some historians remain unconvinced that the experiment wasn’t carried out. Franklin experts, such as biographer Carl Van Doren, also point to the fact that Priestley specified the month in which Franklin performed his experiment, suggesting that Franklin must have given him precise details directly.
8．What was Franklin’s achievement?
A．He invented the lightning rod.
B．He discovered electricity.
C．He thought of ways to control fire.
D．He improved the structure of homes.
9．What can we learn from paragraph 4?
A．Franklin lived in the 17th century.
B．Priestley’s book came out in 1786.
C．Priestley and Franklin were close friends.
D．Priestley wrote the experiment happened in summer.
10．Why was the future conditional tense stressed by Tucker?
A．To indicate he was good at observing.
B．To point out Franklin was careless in writing.
C．To show Franklin was just saying a possibility.
D．To prove Franklin did the experiment by himself.
11．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．The discovery of electricity.
B．The development of the lightning rod.
C．Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography.
D．Different opinions on Franklin’s experiment.
【答案】8．A9．D10．C11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对富兰克林由著名的雨天放风的实验而发现了电的存在所提出的质疑。
8．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Actually, by creating a lightning rod (避雷针), Franklin helped to protect wooden buildings from being struck by lightning. (实际上，通过制造避雷针，富兰克林帮助保护木制建筑免受雷击)”可知，富兰克林发明了避雷针。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Priestley heard about the kite and key experiment from Franklin himself around 15 years after the fact, and in his book, he wrote it occurred in June 1752. (大约15年后，Priestley从富兰克林本人那里听说了风筝和钥匙实验，并在他的书中写道，它发生在1752年6月)”可知，Priestley写下了富兰克林在夏天进行的风筝和钥匙实验。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Franklin could have simply been saying that the experiment could, in theory, be performed. Given that his statement has a few missing details—Franklin didn’t list a date, time or location, for example it’s possible that Franklin did not perform the experiment himself. (富兰克林本可以简单地说，理论上，这个实验是可以进行的。鉴于富兰克林的声明缺少一些细节，例如，他没有列出日期、时间或地点，富兰克林可能没有亲自进行实验)”可知，Tom Tucker认为富兰克林在书中使用将来时来描述他的实验，是认为这可能只是富兰克林在说一种理论上的可能性，（因为缺少一些细节）实际上富兰克林可能没有亲自进行实验。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。由第一段“As for Benjamin Franklin’s kite-and-key experiment, most people are aware of the version in which Franklin “discovered” electricity when lightning struck his kite. However, several details about this experiment are unknown, including when and where it happened. Some historians even doubt whether it took place. (至于本杰明·富兰克林的风筝和钥匙实验，大多数人都知道富兰克林在闪电击中风筝时“发现”了电的版本。然而，关于这个实验的一些细节尚不清楚，包括它发生的时间和地点。一些历史学家甚至怀疑它是否发生过)”可知，本文在首段提出富兰克林的风筝和钥匙的实验并指出对这个实验存在的一些质疑，然后在下文对此进行讲述，由此判断文章主要讲述的是对富兰克林风筝和钥匙实验的真实性的一些不同观点。故选D项。
15.【2022届江西省高三下学期模拟卷（三）】
When you re grocery shopping, have you ever noticed that most grocery stores often don’t have windows and if they do they’re only at the front of the store? You might not pay much attention to the architectural features of the building you re grocery shopping in—you’re there to shop for food, not admire the layout! But that’s not just it!
“Grocery stores want to create a separate environment within the stores, where the outside world doesn’t exist,” explains Andrei Vasilescu, a shopping expert who has studied shopping behaviors and psychology. “You don’t get bothered by the rain, sunshine, or the fact that your kids are waiting in the parking lot. All your focus is on the shopping experience.” This technique also prevents shoppers from noticing that it’s getting dark out.
“Walls instead of windows can keep daylight out of grocery stores and help preserve the products, as some products can go bad faster in direct sunlight. Too much sun exposure can even cause packaging labels to fade. Furthermore, having windows in their stores would decrease the space available to showcase products,” says Margine Biswas, an architect with expertise in retail (零售) design. “Compared to windows, exterior (外部的) walls have stronger structural supports and can hold the heavier items on the shelves of those walls.”
Are some grocery stores going against this trend? In Germany, a study was conducted to test out stores with more natural light. A few stores had some bread products going bad rapidly due to the sunlight. They needed to replace the glass with specially designed panes (窗格) that help reduce the heat and radiation. This technique hasn’t caught on widely yet. A National Rewable Energy laboratory study in 2002 assessed the effects of natural light on shoppers—and it found that shoppers felt vastly more comfortable when there was more natural light around. They were also better able to identify both products and other people in the stores. It’s worth noting; though, that this study assessed natural light in all retail spaces, not just grocery stores. The challenges of adding more natural light to grocery stores remain.
28．How does a grocery store without windows influence its shoppers?
A．It keeps them absorbed in shopping. B．It helps to strengthen family bonds.
C．It prevents them from shopping relaxedly. D．It misleads them to buy unnecessary goods.
29．“What do Margine Biswas’s words mainly suggest about grocery stores?
A．Retail design is not complex. B．Natural light is available.
C．Windows still have their value. D．Windows barely benefit them.
30．What is the author’s opinion on adding more natural light to grocery stores?
A．It can be carried out widely. B．Shoppers will be discouraged by it.
C．It proves less challenging. D．The stores should be cautious.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．Potential effects of natural light on grocery stores. B．Reasons why most grocery stores have no windows.
C．Some tricks applied by a majority of grocery stores. D．How consumers can better enjoy grocery shopping.
【答案】28．A29．D30．D31．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了大多数杂货店不装窗户的原因。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段““You don’t get bothered by the rain, sunshine, or the fact that your kids are waiting in the parking lot. All your focus is on the shopping experience.” This technique also prevents shoppers from noticing that it’s getting dark out.”（你不会被雨，阳光，或者你的孩子在停车场等着你而烦恼。你所有的注意力都在购物体验上。” 这种技术还可以防止购物者注意到天黑了）可知，没有窗户的杂货店会让购物者沉浸在购物中。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段Margine Biswas所说的话可知，窗户透光，从而导致食物快速变质或包装褪色，并且窗户会减少展出商品的空间，此外，窗户也没有墙承重。由此可推断，Margine Biswas主要说明窗户对杂货店来说没有什么益处。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s worth noting; though, that this study assessed natural light in all retail spaces, not just grocery stores. The challenges of adding more natural light to grocery stores remain.”（ 值得注意的；不过，这项研究评估了所有零售空间的自然光，而不仅仅是杂货店。在杂货店增加更多的自然光的挑战仍然存在）可推断，作者认为杂货店应该慎重考虑是否增加自然光。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“When you re grocery shopping, have you ever noticed that most grocery stores often don’t have windows and if they do they’re only at the front of the store?”（ 当你在杂货店购物时，你有没有注意到大多数杂货店通常没有窗户，即使有，也只在商店的前面?）及第二、三段的内容可知，本文主要分析了大多数杂货店不装窗户的原因。故选B。
16.【云南省云南师范大学附属中学2022届高三高考适应性月考卷（九）】
“Life is for living”, according to the well-used expression: What we choose to do is up to us. That may not be completely true, but there is no harm in dreaming about what we’d like to achieve in our life. Many of us write a list of things we’d like to do before we leave this world — often called a bucket list.
Bucket lists have been called “the greatest hits of your life” and have helped sonic people overcome anxiety which would have stopped them following their dreams. Some of us may choose to write one to fill our life with exciting and new experiences - from skydiving to swimming with sharks - the list is unlimited. This is something the BBC radio programme “All in the Mind” has been looking at. It heard from a blogger called Annette White,
who said she made a promise to live her bucket list which “continuously pushes the comfort zone to its limits and beyond it.” Such a list can be exciting and can indeed help you plan your life and give you focus.
Creating a bucket list can certainly give us hope, but some people have argued it can be used as a coping strategy to try to control something unretractable. Clinical psychologist Linda Blair told the BBC that he was “not really in favour of bucket lists, which take you away from the chance to be spontaneous(顺其自然的).” It’s probably true that a list can encourage people to follow someone else’s idea of the perfect life. But why not at least dream of what we would like to do? Why not reach for the slurs, even if we only reach the sky? Whether we want to plan it or just see what happens, we don’t know what tomorrow will bring, so maybe we should live for today.
8．Why does the author mention the expression at the very beginning?
A．To support an argument. B．To make a persuasive appeal.
C．To bring out the text topic. D．To demonstrate a comparison.
9．What does paragraph 2 highlight about bucket lists?
A．Their helping functions. B．The working principle.
C．Their wide popularity. D．The existing problems.
10．What does Linda Blair seem to convey in the last paragraph?
A．Lead a good life by bucket lists. B．Don't get addicted to daydreams.
C．Create daily bucket lists for yourself. D．Live to the fullest in the moment.
11．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Where we can gel a bucket list. B．Whether we need a bucket List.
C．How we can use our bucket list. D．When we ignore our bucket list.
【答案】8．C9．A10．D11．B
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要阐述是否需要一份“人生愿望清单”。其实，我们每个人都有一份自己的人生愿望清单，不论这些愿望是否真的都能一一实现，起码这份清单一直都在鼓励我们努力地去过好每一天。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“'Life is for living', according to the well-used expression: What we choose to do is up to us. That may not be completely true, but there is no harm in dreaming about what we’d like to achieve in our life. Many of us write a list of things we’d like to do before we leave this world — often called a bucket list.”(“活着就是为了生活”，这是一个常用的表达: 我们选择做什么取决于我们自己。这可能不完全正确，但是梦想我们生活中想要实现的东西，并没有什么坏处。我们中的许多人在离开这个世界之前，会列出一张我们想做的事情的清单--通常被称为愿望清单。)可知，作者在开头提及这句话“Life is for living”
的目的是引出该文的中心话题——人们会列出愿望清单。故选C。
9．主旨大意题。第二段“Bucket lists have been called “the greatest hits of your life” and have helped sonic people overcome anxiety which would have stopped them following their dreams.”(遗愿清单被称为“人生中最重要的事情”，它帮助人们克服本来会阻止他们追逐梦想的焦虑。)以及下文的解释可知，这一段主要介绍了“人生愿望清单”给人们带来的帮助。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Whether we want to plan it or just see what happens, we don’t know what tomorrow will bring, so maybe we should live for today.”(不管我们是想计划一下，还是看看会发生什么，我们不知道明天会发生什么，所以也许我们应该为今天而活。)可知，Linda Blair不赞同“人生愿望清单”，而认为人们应该活好当下。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。从第一段“Many of us write a list of things we’d like to do before we leave this world — often called a bucket list.”(我们中的许多人在离开这个世界之前，会列出一张我们想做的事情的清单--通常被称为愿望清单。)可知，这是“人生愿望清单”的提出，而最后一段段末“Whether we want to plan it or just see what happens, we don’t know what tomorrow will bring, so maybe we should live for today.”(不管我们是想计划一下，还是看看会发生什么，我们不知道明天会发生什么，所以也许我们应该为今天而活。)可知，这里作者又提出了“也许我们应该活在当下”的观点，所以，本文主要讨论需不需要“人生愿望清单”的话题。故选B。
17.【2022届安徽省宣城市高三年级第二次调研】
China’ s booming coffee business has made it the second most important market for global giant Starbucks, behind only its home U.S. market. But it’s also providing fertile ground for new and innovative (勇于创新的) players catering to local preferences. One of the latest in that group is Shanghai-based chain Manner Coffee, which, together with other similar homegrown names, are reshaping the country’s coffee drinking landscape.
This year alone has seen 16 financing events in China’s coffee sector, with more than 5 billion yuan ($784 million ) pouring into the space. Even the infamous Luckin Coffee, which was removed from the Nasdaq last year after being exposed for massive fraud (欺诈), is once again attracting investors’ attention.
Dubbed (被称作) as a seller of “street coffee” priced between 10 yuan and 20 yuan per cup, equal to $ 3 or less, Manner quickly became popular among young office workers for its less expensive price and high quality.
Manner and the other up-and-comers are thriving on a China coffee market that is growing at a healthy 15% per year. After expanding slowly in its first three years, Manner’s store count rose from just eight at the end of 2018 to 194 this year, with 165 in Shanghai and the rest in Beijng, Shenzhen, Chengdu and other cities. It plans to keep expanding outside of Shanghai by opening up to 100 new stores a year.
Meanwhile, Starbucks reported its same-store sales in the Chinese market grew by just 19% in its financial third quarter, down sharply from 91% growth in the previous quarter, due in part to weak year-ago figures from stores affected during early stages of the pandemic in 2020. The company forecast that growth would slow further still in the following years.
12．What does the underlined phrase “fertile ground” in paragraph 1 probably mean here?
A．Limited space. B．Fat chance.
C．Rich soil. D．Necessary conditions.
13．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Starbucks is creating the country’s coffee-drinking landscape.
B．Starbucks was removed from the Nasdaq last year due to fraud.
C．Manner Coffee has a cheaper price and superior quality.
D．Manner Coffee plans to expand is overseas market.
14．What is the purpose of mentioning Starbucks in the last paragraph?
A．To show that new players are starting to bite into Starbucks’ lunch.
B．To prove that Luckin Coffee is an unusually successful hit.
C．To explain the fast increase of Starbucks in the Chinese market.
D．To present the promising future of the U.S. coffee market.
15．What’s the text mainly about?
A．Manner Coffee becomes fashionable worldwide “street coffee”.
B．Manner Coffee joins hand with Starbucks to develop business.
C．Manner Coffee replaces Starbucks both at home and abroad.
D．Manner Coffee takes on Starbucks in China with “street coffee”.
【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，咖啡业务在中国蓬勃发展，也为迎合当地偏好的创新型新咖啡商人提供了肥沃的土壤，“街头咖啡”Manner咖啡正在中国咖啡市场上健康成长，而星巴克的销售额在放缓。
12．词句猜测题。由第一段“China’ s booming coffee business has made it the second most important market for global giant Starbucks, behind only its home U.S. market. But it’s also providing fertile ground for new and innovative (勇于创新的) players catering to local preferences. One of the latest in that group is Shanghai-based chain Manner Coffee, which, together with other similar homegrown names, are reshaping the country’s coffee
drinking landscape. (中国蓬勃发展的咖啡业务使其成为全球巨头星巴克的第二大市场，仅次于其本土美国市场。但它也为迎合当地偏好的创新型新咖啡商人提供了fertile ground。其中最新的一家是总部位于上海的连锁咖啡公司Manner Coffee，它与其他类似的本土品牌一起，正在重塑中国的咖啡饮用格局)”可知，中国出现了一些迎合当地偏好的创新型本土咖啡品牌，这些本土咖啡品牌的出现是因为中国咖啡业务蓬勃发展，为中国本土咖啡事业的发展提供了良好的、必要的创业环境/条件，fertile ground在此处意为“必要条件（Necessary conditions）”。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Manner quickly became popular among young office workers for its less expensive price and high quality (Manner咖啡因其价格便宜、质量高而受到年轻上班族的欢迎)”可知，Manner咖啡价格便宜，质量上乘。故选C项。
14．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Manner and the other up-and-comers are thriving on a China coffee market that is growing at a healthy 15% per year. (在以每年15%的速度健康增长的中国咖啡市场上，Manner和其他后起之秀正在蓬勃发展)”和最后一段“Meanwhile, Starbucks reported its same-store sales in the Chinese market grew by just 19% in its financial third quarter, down sharply from 91% growth in the previous quarter, due in part to weak year-ago figures from stores affected during early stages of the pandemic in 2020. The company forecast that growth would slow further still in the following years. (与此同时，星巴克报告称，其在中国市场的同店销售额在第三财季仅增长了19%，较上一财季的91%增长率大幅下降，部分原因是一年前受2020年新冠疫情早期影响的门店数据疲软。该公司预测，未来几年增长将进一步放缓)”可知，星巴克在中国咖啡市场销售额下降（部分原因是受到了疫情影响），但绝大多数原因是因为像Manner这样的中国本土咖啡后起之秀品牌正在蓬勃发展，它们挤占了星巴克在中国咖啡市场上的份额，可得出最后一段提到星巴克的目的是表明新玩家（中国本土咖啡品牌）开始抢占星巴克的午餐（在中国咖啡市场上份额）。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“But it’s also providing fertile ground for new and innovative (勇于创新的) players catering to local preferences. One of the latest in that group is Shanghai-based chain Manner Coffee, which, together with other similar homegrown names, are reshaping the country’s coffee drinking landscape. (但它也为迎合当地偏好的创新型新咖啡商人提供了温床。其中最新的一家是总部位于上海的连锁咖啡公司Manner Coffee，它与其他类似的本土品牌一起，正在重塑中国的咖啡饮用格局)”，倒数第二段中的“Manner and the other up-and-comers are thriving on a China coffee market that is growing at a healthy 15% per year. (在以每年15%的速度健康增长的中国咖啡市场上，Manner和其他后起之秀正在蓬勃发展)”和最后一段“Meanwhile, Starbucks reported its same-store sales in the Chinese market grew by just 19% in its financial third quarter, down sharply from 91% growth in the previous quarter, due in part to weak year-ago figures from stores affected during
early stages of the pandemic in 2020. The company forecast that growth would slow further still in the following years. (与此同时，星巴克报告称，其在中国市场的同店销售额在第三财季仅增长了19%，较上一财季的91%增长率大幅下降，部分原因是一年前受2020年新冠疫情早期影响的门店数据疲软。该公司预测，未来几年增长将进一步放缓)”可知，文章主要讲因为像Manner这样的中国本土咖啡后起之秀品牌正在蓬勃发展，它们正在挤占星巴克在中国咖啡市场上的份额，所以星巴克在中国咖啡市场销售额下降，D项“‘街头咖啡’Manner咖啡在中国取代星巴克咖啡”符合文意。故选D项。
18.【2022届安徽省黄山市高中毕业班第二次质量检测】
Scientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from dulling with age, but the problem remains unsettled. Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.
The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area. Half spent a dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth; they wore headsets and walked in place, walking virtual neighborhoods while completing small tasks. The other half, in the control group, used electronic tablets to play games that did not require recalling details. After 15 sessions, the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-term memory test. But the Labyrinth players gain an improvement in memory through the VR game. A scientist Peter Wais of the University of California said the improvements brought them up to the level of another group of younger adults taking the same memory tests.
Meredith Thompson, an education researcher, studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study. “It would be great to actually follow people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory.” She says, adding VR can provide greater involvement than other games. Wais’s team is now investigating how long the observed effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.
A cognitive psychologist, Daniel Simons, who was also not involved in the study, notes experiments with other games that claim to train the brain have often failed to evaluate this. And it remains unclear how test performance in a laboratory setting might translate to real-world situations. The outcome, Simons notes, “needs to be repeated, ideally with a much larger group, before it’s treated as a strong finding.”
For now, Wais says, the team hopes its studies with similar-sized groups will help draw funding to test the game in a larger pool of participants.
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Virtual reality may better older adults’ memory.
B．Old people should play VR games to avoid aging.
C．Virtual reality might change people’s memory.
D．People’s memory tends to fade as they’re aging.
9．What is Meredith Thompson’s attitude to the research?
A．Uncaring. B．Cautious. C．Worried. D．Satisfied.
10．Why does the research need improving according to the scientists?
A．It failed to receive financial support. B．It couldn’t be applied in the real world.
C．The test performance was unsatisfying. D．Limited participants made it unconvincing.
11．Where may the text come from?
A．A science fiction. B．A book review.
C．A science magazine. D．A sports magazine.
【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是虚拟现实可以改善老年人的记忆，并介绍了研究的开展过程以及相关专家对此的看法。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.(但是目前在科学报告上出版的研究报告表明虚拟现实可能帮助老年人根据具体细节回忆事实和事件)”结合全文可知，文章主要讲述的是虚拟现实可以改善老年人的记忆。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Meredith Thompson, an education researcher, studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study. It would be great to actually follow people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory.(Meredith Thompson，一位教育研究员，主要研究通过虚拟现实游戏学习，但没有参与新研究。长时间跟踪并看看这种游戏对长期记忆有什么作用是很棒的。)”可知，Meredith Thompson需要长时间跟踪观察。由此推知，她对这项研究的态度是谨慎的。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The outcome, Simons notes, 'needs to be repeated, ideally with a much larger group, before it’s treated as a strong finding.'(Simons说，“这个结果在它被视为重大发现之前需要被重复测验，最好是在一个更大的群体中。”)”以及最后一段“For now, Wais says, the team hopes its studies with similar-sized groups will help draw funding to test the game in a larger pool of participants.(Wais说，现在这个团队希望与类似规模的团队进行的研究将有助于筹集资金在更多的参与者中测试游戏)”可知，科学家认为这个研究需要进一步改善是因为参与者的数量有限。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.(但是目前在科学报告上出版的研究报告表明虚拟现实可能帮助老年人根据具体细节回忆事实和事件)”以及接下来的描述可知，这属于科学研究，所以我们可以推测本文是发表在某杂志上。故选C。
19.【贵州省贵阳市五校2021-2022学年高三下学期联合考试（六）】
Competing in the Mongol Derby
Standing at the finishing line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race.
Long, a rider all his life, entered the race after being inspired by All the Wild Horses, a movie based on the grueling event.
Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1, 000-kilometer race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass (超过；胜过) youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared.
Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. The race organizers had provided an extensive support network to keep an eye on the participants from afar. Despite that, the physical pressure of riding such a long distance made simple things like squatting (蹲) down at the end of the day almost impossible.
Along the vast race course there were unpredictable circumstances beyond Long’s control, however well prepared he’d been. Weather was one of them, which could switch from heavy rain to burning sun unexpectedly.
Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. Without a living soul in sight, Long was desperate for interaction, guidance, and comfort. This feeling of loneliness accounted for his hope that one of his fellow competitors would catch up.
Regardless of the hardship, Long felt a sort of spiritual adventure while traveling through the wilderness. He was provided with some memorable moments while connecting with nature. He also grew to love the country and the communities along the route.
Still holding the passion for riding, Long never dismisses the idea of competing in another Mongol Derby.
4．What distinguished Bob Long from other competitors in the Mongol Derby?
A．He rode the whole race course alone.
B．He completed the toughest part of the course.
C．He was the oldest participant of the horse race.
D．He was most likely to enter the competition again.
5．What played a decisive part in Long’s achievement?
A．His riding horses for many years. .
B．An extensive support network provided by the organizers.
C．His strong willpower.
D．His passion for nature.
6．What was the biggest challenge that Long faced during the race?
A．The changeable weather.
B．The mental state in the course.
C．The difficulty in finding the right route.
D．The physical strain of riding a long distance.
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．An introduction to the Mongol Derby. .
B．A review of a film based on the longest horse race.
C．The experience of the Mongol Derby’s oldest winner.
D．The preparations before a long and difficult horse race.
【答案】4．C5．C6．B7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一位70岁的美国老人完成世界上最长的赛马比赛，并成为有史以来赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人。并讲述了他参加德比的经验。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Standing at the finishing line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. (站在终点线上，70岁的Bob Long花了一段时间反思他刚刚取得的成就。在他身后，是一望无际的广袤蒙古草原，一直延伸到远处。这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人，这是世界上最长的赛马比赛。)”可知，与其他参赛选手相比，Long是赛马比赛中最年长的参赛选手，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty
of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. (虽然Long已经骑马多年，但任务的艰辛和不确定性将他推向了极限，迫使他完全依靠自己的意志。)”可知，在比赛中，任务的艰辛和不确定性需要Long完全依靠自己的意志。故推知在Long取得的成就中，他自己强大的意志起到决定性作用。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第六段“Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. (最重要的是，最大的障碍是心态。)”可知，Long在比赛中，心态是他最大的障碍和最大的挑战，故选B。
7．文章大意题。根据第一段“Standing at the finishing line, 70-year-old Bob Long spent a while reflecting on the achievement he’d just made. Behind him was the wild, endless Mongolian grassland extending into the distance. This American had just become the oldest person to ever complete and win the Mongol Derby, the world’s longest horse race. (站在终点线上，70岁的Bob Long花了一段时间反思他刚刚取得的成就。在他身后，是一望无际的广袤蒙古草原，一直延伸到远处。这位美国人刚刚成为有史以来完成并赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人，这是世界上最长的赛马比赛。)”及第三段“Fearing that he wouldn’t be able to complete it, he set about preparing his mind and body for this “hardest, toughest, most demanding thing you can do on a horse”, an annual 1, 000-kilometre race that was recognized as the world’s longest horse race by The Guinness Book of Records in 2011. He confirmed his belief that preparation can surpass (超过；胜过) youth, as some of the other riders were less prepared. (由于担心自己无法完成比赛，他开始为可以在赛马上做出最努力，最艰难，最高要求的事，准备好自己的思想和身体。这是一项一年一度的1000公里比赛，被吉尼斯世界纪录认定为2011年世界上最长的赛马比赛。他证实了他的信念，即准备可以超过青年人，因为其他一些骑手准备不足。)”及第四段“Although Long had been riding horses for many years, the hardship and uncertainty of the task pushed him to his limit and forced him to depend entirely on his own will. (虽然Long已经骑马多年，但任务的艰辛和不确定性将他推向了极限，迫使他完全依靠自己的意志。)”及第六段“Above all else, the biggest obstacle was the state of mind. (最重要的是，最大的障碍是心态。)”可知，文章主要讲述一位70岁的美国老人完成世界上最长的赛马比赛，并成为有史以来赢得蒙古德比的最年长的人。并讲述了他参加德比的经验。故选C。
20.【贵州省贵阳市五校2021-2022学年高三下学期联合考试（六）】
Karaoke App Hits the Right Note
The coronavirus pandemic has forced countless karaoke bars to close. As a response, a music platform in China has launched a new app to put the KTV experience in people’s smartphones so that they can sing at home.
The app targets the younger generation and combines a series of functions such as singing, scoring, and producing. Specifically, it allows users to remix songs and create something new.
“You can sing alone or sing with your friends online. You can also create your own stories or songs. It’s like writing a diary every day, ” says the CEO of the company where the app was developed.
The company has attached two new functions—remixing music and discovering new talented singers—to the app in an attempt to win over more fans. “For the younger generation, they have lots of access to music from all over the world. They love to create and share their ideas on social media platforms, ” the CEO says.
As of August 2019, the company had more than 800 million registered users and over 30 million songs. Due to its large user base，the company has got useful data to analyze young Chinese music fans. According to the CEO, not only do they love singing with the original version, but they are also enthusiastic about creating new versions with different music styles.
On May 12, 2020, the company developed cooperation with an American music publishing company for the copyright to 1. 3 million songs. It is the large and expanding song library that benefits the new app’s users incredibly. By taking advantage of it, they can either perform the latest pop hits or reinterpret classic songs.
In addition, the new app serves as an opportunity to discover new talented singers. “We want to establish a new connection with our users. The app will offer a stage for everyone to display themselves, no matter whether they can sing well or not, ” the CEO adds.
About 160, 000 indie (独立的) musicians share their creations through the platform. To further support them, the company will invest 200 million yuan in the new app to sponsor 100 indie musicians within three years.
8．Which of the following is a highlight of the new app?
A．It includes new music styles.
B．Users can sing on their smartphones.
C．It can score the songs that users sing.
D．Users can remix songs and create something new.
9．What does the underlined phrase “win over” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Obtain. B．Accept.
C．Promote. D．Compete.
10．What do we know about the users of the new app?
A．They tend to keep diaries.
B．They are mostly young music lovers.
C．They love singing with their friends online.
D．They prefer original musical forms.
11．What is the text probably going to talk about?
A．Profits made by the company.
B．Steps to register an account and use the new app.
C．Differences between indie musicians and other musicians.
D．Successful examples of indie musicians supported by the company.
【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在新冠肺炎大流行期间，中国的一个音乐平台推出了一款新的应用程序，将KTV体验放到人们的智能手机上，并添加新的功能，面向年轻人，发掘有才华的歌手。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The company has attached two new functions—remixing music and discovering new talented singers—to the app in an attempt to win over more fans.(为了赢得更多的粉丝，该公司在这款应用中增加了两项新功能：音乐混音和发掘新的有才华的歌手。)”可知，这款新app的亮点是对歌曲重新混音和发现新的有才华的歌手。故选D项。
9．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“The company has attached two new functions—remixing music and discovering new talented singers—to the app in an attempt to win over more fans.(为了赢得更多的粉丝，该公司在这款应用中增加了两项新功能：音乐混音和发掘新的有才华的歌手。)”以及下文“more fans(更多的粉丝)”可知，该公司在这款app上增加了两个新功能，所以此处应该是为了“赢得、获得”更多粉丝，符合语境。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“For the younger generation, they have lots of access to music from all over the world. They love to create and share their ideas on social media platforms(对于年轻一代来说，他们有很多机会接触到来自世界各地的音乐。 他们喜欢在社交媒体平台上创造和分享自己的想法)”和第五段“As of August 2019, the company had more than 800 million registered users and over 30 million songs. Due to its large user base，the company has got useful data to analyze young Chinese music fans.(截至2019年8月，该公司注册用户超过8亿，歌曲超过3000万首。 由于其庞大的用户基础，该公司有有用的数据来分析中国年轻的音乐粉丝。)”可推断出，这款app的用户大部分是年轻人。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“About 160, 000 indie (独立的) musicians share their creations through the platform. To further support them, the company will invest 200 million yuan in the new app to sponsor 100 indie musicians within three years.(约160,000独立的音乐家通过平台分享他们的创作。 为了进一步支持他们，该公司将在新app上投资2亿元，在三年内赞助100名独立音乐人。)”可推断出，接下来文章要介绍和独立音乐人相关的事情。故选D项。