高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Space Exploration课后练习题

UNIT 4SPACE EXPLORATION

Section A　Listening and Speaking

必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.It is very important for astronauts to learn to use space 　　　　　(equip). 

答案equipment

2.That young man with right weight is fit for this job 　　　　　height. 

答案in

3.This job is offered to those with a 　　　　　(relate) college degree. 

答案related

4.It is said that exercise is good to 　　　　　(mentally) development. 

答案mental

5.The little boy looked at the astronaut with 　　　　　(curious). 

答案curiosity

6.Susan is a woman 　　　　　high intelligence who knows her own mind. 

答案of

Ⅱ.短语填空(注意动词的适当形式)

first of all,train for,not only...but also...,make a list of,graduate from,would like (to do sth),in height,be curious about

1.Now everything is very expensive.You’d better 　　　　　things to buy before you go shopping. 

答案make a list of

2.She 　　　　　everything when she was on her first journey. 

答案was curious about

3.Anyone must be suitable 　　　　　and in weight before he or she becomes an astronaut. 

答案in height

4.To their delight,their son has 　　　　　this famous university. 

答案graduated from

5.Reading English aloud in the morning 　　　　　helps practise your oral English 　　　　　helps strengthen your memory. 

答案not only;but also

6.I 　　　　　　　have stayed longer,but I had to leave. 

答案would like to

7.If you want to be a professional footballer,you must 　　　　　football as required. 

答案train for

8.　　　　　,you’d better know clearly what you want to be before you choose your major. 

答案First of all

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.对我来说这道数学题不容易计算出来。

The math problem is not 　　　　　　　　　　for me to work out. 

答案easy enough

2.那个小女孩长大后想在太空工作。

The little girl wants 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when she grows up. 

答案to work in space

3.你能告诉我宇航员的选拔程序吗?

Can you tell me the 　　　　　　　　　　for astronauts? 

答案selection procedure

4.作为宇航员,你必须学会如何使用太空仪器。

As an astronaut,you must learn 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　space equipment. 

答案how to use

5.不仅汤姆,而且她的妹妹也喜欢学习汉语。

　　　 　　　　　Tom 　　　　　　　　　　his sister likes learning Chinese. 

答案Not only;but also

关键能力提升练

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

(2021·福建晋江第一中学高一期中)

GALAXIES AND TIIE UNTVERSE

Galaxies are huge groups of stars,planets,gas and dust.Our sun in the milky way galaxy,which measures about 100,000 light-years across.That long thin milky bright shape across the middle of the night sky is made up of about several billion stars in our galaxy.Our galaxy is spiral(旋转的)galaxy,but there are other types.

The Milky Way is the only one galaxy among a few hundred million galaxies in our universe(each with hundreds of billions of stars).

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了星系的分类。

1.What is true about the Milky Way?

A.There are only stars inside it.

B.There is a black hole at its center.

C.It’s the biggest spiral galaxy in the universe.

D.It takes 100,000 years to get there from Earth.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据表格第一栏“Our galaxy has a huge black hole at its center that billions of stars resolve around.”可知,银河系的中心有一个黑洞,故选B项。

2.Which of the following is the main factor in categorizing galaxies?

A.Shape.

B.Size.

C.Number of stars.

D.Distance from the sun.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据表格中星系的分类:SPIRAL GALAXY(螺旋星系)、ELLIPTICAL GALAXY(椭圆星系)、IRREGULAR GALAXY(不规则星系),特别是最后一栏中的关键词shapes可知,形状是星系分类的主要因素,故选A项。

3.Which of the following galaxies can be classified as irregular?

A.Whale Galaxy—similar to the Milky Way both in size and shape.

B.Cygnus A(3C 405)Galaxy—the brightest egg shape we can observe.

C.Cigar Galaxy—long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy cloud.

D.Sunflower Galaxy—galaxy with multiple arms radiating from its bright core.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据表格中星系的分类,特别是最后一栏“IRREGULAR GALAXY:There are many other shapes of galaxies that aren’t spiral or elliptical.They are fit into the irregular category like the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.They have rather unusual-looking shapes.”可知,C项“Cigar Galaxy—long and narrow galaxy that looks like an ashy cloud.(雪茄星系——看起来像灰云的狭长星系)”的形状像飘散的云彩一样不规则,既不属于螺旋星系也不属于椭圆星系,符合不规则星系的特征,故选C项。

B

(2021·西南大学附属中学重大校区高一月考)

China has successfully landed a spacecraft on Mars,state media announced early on Saturday.The six-wheeled Zhurong robot was targeting Utopia Planitia,a vast land in the planet’s northern hemisphere.

Zhurong,which means God of Fire,was carried to Mars on the Tianwen-1 orbiter,which arrived above the planet in February.The vehicle used a combination of a protective capsule,a parachute and a rocket platform to make the descent landing.A heat shield (保护盾) protected be spacecraft during the fiery descent (降落),after which Zhurong safely parachuted down to the Utopia Planitia.Tianwen-1’s landing platform then fired some small,downward-facing rocket engines to slow down during the last few seconds of its descent.The successful touchdown is a remarkable achievement,given the difficult nature of the task.Only few countries have really mastered landing on Mars until now.America put down its largest rover (巡视器),Perseverance,in February Europe,which has twice failed with landing attempts,will send a rover to Mars next year hand in hand with the Russians.All other countries that have tried have either crushed or lost contact soon after reaching the surface.

Now that Zhurong has got down successfully,scientists will try to get at least 90 Martian days of service out of it,studying the local geology.The robot Zhurong,weighs some 240 kg and is powered by fold-out solar panels.Zhurong carries cameras to take pictures and assist navigation (巡航);five additional instruments will investigate the mineral resources of local rocks and the general nature of the environment,including the weather.

Dean Chang,a Chinese scientist said that the success would be an enormous fillip to the exploration of the universe,“Space always benefits diplomacy and technology,and it demonstrates that China can contribute to the global pool of human knowledge.”

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国祝融号成功着陆火星。

4.Why was Zhurong sent to land on Mars?

A.to discover living species on Mars.

B.to explore a specific area of Mars.

C.to enable more people to visit remote parts of space.

D.to exploit resources on Mars.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第一段“The six-wheeled Zhurong robot was targeting Utopia Planitia,a vast land in the planet’s northern hemisphere.”可知,祝融被送到火星上着陆是为了探索火星的特定区域。故选B项。

5.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A.The American rover Perseverance coded up with failure.

B.Few countries master landing on the Moon.

C.Europe plans to launch its next rover with combined efforts.

D.Tianwen-1 helped to speed Zhurong up before landing.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第二段“America put down its largest rover,Perseverance,in February Europe,which has twice failed with landing attempts,will send a rover to Mars next year hand in hand with the Russians”可知,美国“毅力”号火星探测器以失败而告终。故选A项。

6.After is landing,Zhurong could probably do the following things EXCEPT 　　　. 

A.research into geology

B.find directions

C.take images

D.forecast the weather

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段“Zhurong carries cameras to take pictures and assist navigation (巡航);five additional instruments will investigate the mineral resources of local rocks and the general nature of the environment,including the weather”可知,祝融号着陆后,可以拍照,调查地理环境以及预测天气。但没有提及找到方向。故选B项。

7.The underlined word in the last paragraph could be replaced with 　　　. 

A.solution B.relief

C.promotion D.honor

答案C

解析词义猜测题。根据最后一句“Space always benefits diplomacy and technology,and it demonstrates that China can contribute to the global pool of human knowledge.”可知,祝融着陆成功将对宇宙探索起到巨大的推动作用,所以推测fillip是“推动”的意思,与promotion同义。故选C项。