中考二轮英语专项练 专题13 完形填空之说明建议类

中考英语总复习方法指导

中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

专题13 完形填空之说明建议类

【要点提炼】

考点扫描

一、语义辨析

考查对词汇的意义和用法掌握的程度以及对它们之间细微差异的辨别能力。题型主要集中在实词，选项往往以同义词、近义词、反义词、搭配相同词或形近易混词的形式出现。

二、固定搭配和习惯用语

以动词、副词、介词构成的词组居多。

三、语法结构

①句法方面：简单句的五种句型、并列句、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句；

②词的形式方面：动词的时态、语态，非谓语动词以及主谓一致。

四、逻辑关系

主要考查考生对常见逻辑关系如转折、让步、因果、递进等关系的理解。

五、主旨大意

主要考查考生对文章大意或文章背景的理解。

中考前瞻

1. 试题难度保持基本稳定。

2. 强调考生的通篇理解能力。大部分题需从全文出发，根据前后语境或行文逻辑做出判断，体现出了 ＂突出语篇＂的命题风格。 

3. 考查内容主要以实词为主，其中各词考查比例稍微有变动。纵观近三年的中考题，动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词等实词的比例始终稳定占据80%左右。 　　

4.有少量题目对初中学生提出了新的要求，即在掌握了双基的基础上对英语知识有一定的扩展。要求初中学生在掌握双基的基础上必须扩展知识面，特别是要注重开发大纲内动词的用法。 

做题技巧

做完形填空应遵循下列步骤：

    1. 通读全文，了解大意；

2. 瞻前顾后，逐步填空；

3. 认真复查，适当调整。

常见的解题方法如下：

（1） ＂固定搭配法＂解完形填空题 

固定句型和短语搭配不仅是学习的难点，也是完形填空题测试的重点。固定搭配形式包括名词短语搭配、动词短语搭配、介词短语搭配等，我们只有在平时学习中认真积累，做题时才能得心应手。 

（2） ＂主谓一致判断法＂ 解完形填空题 

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。我们做完形填空的时候，会经常遇到要靠主谓一致判断法来确定选项的情况。寻找其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则：即语法一致、逻辑一致和就近一致原则。 

（3） ＂词义辨析法＂ 解完形填空题 

词义辨析考査的面广，词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查，如名词、代词、介词、动词、形容词等。英语中的同义词（语）、易混淆词(语)及相似句型之间的区别，有的属英汉语意差别，有的属不同搭配表达意义不同，有的属搭配不同表达意义相同，有的属语气轻重有别，有的则属搭配范围和习惯不同等。因此我们只能把重点放在学习过程中常见的易混、易错之处，不求面面俱到，只求对症下药。

【专题真题训练】

（一）【山东省潍坊市】

16. A. prepare B. continue C. regret D. forget

17. A. sad B. good C. angry D. terrible

18. A. bill B. diary C. score D. promise

19. A. all B. each C. both D. neither

20. A. how B. when C. what D. where

21. A. always B. never C. seldom D. sometimes

22. A. making up B. tidying up C. putting up D. setting up

23. A. real B. similar C. correct D. natural

24. A. exams B. holidays C. meetings D. parties

25. A. after B. until C. since D. as

（二）【甘肃省天水市】

March 22 is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but  also calls on（号召）us to    71    and protect water. Today, we’re facing terrible water problems. Among them, the wastewater problem is rather    72   , And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is ＂wastewater＂.

What is wastewater? It is used water.  Usually, wastewater comes from homes,    73   , hospital and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing machines, taking showers and using kitchens. The rain also    74    wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have    75    harmful in it.

    76    must we treat（处理）wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence in our lives. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own    77   .

How can we treat wastewater? Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater    78    homes can be reused. Then there will be    79    wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned    80    it goes back to nature.

71. A. drink B. save C. carry D. watch

72. A. easy B. popular C. small D. serious

73. A. factories B. lakes C. rivers D. seas

74. A. gets back B. hands in C. changes into D. picks up

75. A. nothing B. something C. nobody D. somebody

76. A. What B. Who C. Why D. How

77. A. work B. interest C. health D. business

78. A. on B. for C. with D. from

79. A. less B. more C. better D. worse

80. A. and B. whether C. after D. before

（三）【广州市中考】

The first astronauts

Since the earliest times, people have looked up at the stars, the moon and the planets. Today people use modern machines    1    at the sky. This is very different from the situation    2    years ago when people could only use their eyes. Perhaps they dreamed of    3    the universe.

When did humans first go into space? The story began not so very long ago,    4    the first astronauts were not people-they were animals.

Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as    5    as possible for humans. So they decided to experiment with animals and test    6    in spaceflights. Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the animals    7    first went into space. Many of them    8   , but they helped to make space travel safer for humans. For their great service, we    9    forget these animals.

Albert Ⅱ was the first monkey to go into space in 1949. Sadly he died    10    his spaceship landed back on Earth.

    11    the result was different for Ham the Monkey. His story ended happily when he returned to earth    12    very good health.

Scientists wanted to know the answer to the important question: could    13    animal like Ham do the same things in space as he could do on Earth? The answer came when Ham    14    into space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for    15    16 years

1. A. look B. to look C. looking D. looked

2. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of

3. A. explore B. to explore C. explored D. exploring

4. A. as B. or C. but D. so

5. A. safe B. safer C. safest D. the safest

6. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs

7. A. whom B. what C. that D. whose

8. A. die B. died C. have died D. will die

9. A. shouldn’t B. may not C. don’t have to D. needn’t

10. A. if B. because C. after D. since

11. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckier D. Luckily

12. A. at B. on C. in D. for

13. A. a B. an C. the D. /

14. A. send B. sent C. is sent D. was sent

15. A. another B. other C. others D. the others

（四）【山东省烟台市】

It’s March 12th. Li Li and Lin Tao are digging on a hill nor far from their school. In China, people across the country plant trees    21    on this day.

The idea of planting trees was first put forward in 1911 by Sun Zhongshan, the great    22    in China’s history. He said more trees were needed as a    23    against flood(洪水) and drought. In 1915, April 5th was named as Tree Planting Day. Then, in 1979, the day    24    to March 12th, to    25    the date on which Sun Zhongshan died.

＂Everyone has heard of the Great Wall of China,＂ says Li Li. ＂But have you heard of the Green Wall of China? That’s the biggest tree planting    26    of all. ＂ The Gobi Desert in the north of China was    27    every year. So in 1978, a tree planting project was started to    28    Gobi spreading. The government and local farmers have been planting millions of trees to build a great green ＂wall＂ along the edge of the desert.

＂Tree planting has become a tradition in China now,＂ says Lin Tao. ＂Almost everyone does it on March 12th. Many people also plant a tree on a    29    day. My parents planted a tree when started school. And my cousin planted    30    on his wedding（婚礼） day. We do it for the environment and for ourselves.＂

21. A. silently B. wisely C. completely D. actively

22. A. artist B. engineer C. pioneer D. musician

23. A. protection B. position C. preparation D. direction

24. .A. taken B. decided C. changed D. given

25. A. value B. remember C. express D. admire

26. A. research B. survey C. project D. success

27. A. growing B. appearing C. losing D. happening

28. A. keep B. have C. help D. stop

29. A. different B. special C. basic D. simple

30. A. one B. that C. it D. this

（五）【江苏省镇江市】

Finally, after nearly half a month, the Christmas letter was here in my hand. Yes, writing letters is how my friend in the U.S. and I    16    our greetings every Christmas. People ask why not send our greetings on Facebook, or on WeChat    17   , and by the way, it’ll save money. For  me, writing letters is more of a    18    habit than a quirk(怪癖) in modern times. I, an experienced letter writer, can tell you that writing letters brings me more emotional(情感的) communication.

In fact, only parts of our emotions can be found. Some    19    in California State University found that electronic devices, like smart phones, can greatly influence people in many ways.  Such devices prevent people from    20    their inner(内心的) feelings. Compared with modern communication, writing letters has more advantages.    21    we write, our brain is given the chance to discover connections between things we didn’t see before. And we are    22    to show our emotions fully.

If I am here to tell you why I love writing letters, one of the    23    would be its sense of touch-feeling of my hand running through the pages, feeling of pen sliding across the paper, and feeling of the    24    of ink(墨水) in the air.

It    25    that both your words and the letter itself can help you express your feelings. Letters build a bridge between the writer and receiver. People experience more when they receive messages in the form of a letter, rather than any other media.

16. A. introduce B. exchange C. describe D. repeat

17. A. completely B. recently C. simply D. exactly

18. A. natural B. boring C. crazy D. national

19. A. composers B. visitors C. inventors D. professors

20. A. discovering B. shaking C. spreading D. refusing

21. A. When B. Before C. Till D. Though

22. A. recommended B. encouraged C. invited D. forced

23. A. customs B. reasons C. challenges D. achievements

24. A. colour B. quality C. smell D. price

25. A. gives out B. breaks out C. comes out D. turns out