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中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点08 动词和动词短语

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这是一份中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点08 动词和动词短语，文件包含考点08动词和动词短语-讲通练透教师版doc、考点08动词和动词短语-讲通练透学生版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页，欢迎下载使用。

中考英语总复习方法指导

中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。

考点八动词和动词短语

命题趋势：

动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。

中考考查重点：

1. 动词辨析；

2. 动词短语辨析。

考向一：动词的分类

分类	特点	例句
实义动词	表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。	Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。 He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词	本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。	He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词	本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。	I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。 I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词	本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。	Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。 May I come in? 我可以进来吗？

考向二：实义动词

分类	用法		例句
及物动词	能直接跟宾语		She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
	【知识拓展】 1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。 I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。 2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。 I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。 3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。 They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。 4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。 She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。 5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。 Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词	不能直接跟宾语	He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
	【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳

考向三：连系动词

分类	常用词	例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等	be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)	He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果	turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)	Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变	keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续)	The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。

（2021·青海中考真题）Mom is cooking chicken soup, it _____ so good.

A．sounds B．tastes C．smells

考向四：助动词

be
人称	数	现在时态	过去时态	现在分词	过去分词
第一人称	单数	am	was	being	been
	复数	are	were
第二人称	单数	are	were
	复数	are	were
第三人称	单数	is	was
	复数	are	were
【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。 1. ＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。 My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。 2. ＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。 The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式	肯定式	否定式		缩略否定式
原形	do	do not		don’t
第三人称单数	does	does not		doesn’t
过去式	did	did not		didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。 1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。 I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。 2. ＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。 I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式	肯定式	否定式		缩略否定式
原形	have	have not		haven’t
第三人称单数	has	has not		hasn’t
过去式	had	had not		hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。 We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了

考向五：动词的甚本形式

形式	规则变化	例句
一般现在时第三人称单数	一般情况在动词后直接加-s	look→looks；work→works
	以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-es	catch→catches；go→goes
	以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es	study→studies；try→tries
现在分词	一般情况在动词后直接加-ing	read→reading；go→going
	以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing	see →seeing；toe→toeing
	以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing	love→loving；write→writing
	以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing	cut→cutting；put→putting
	少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ing	die→dying；lie→lying
过去式和过去分词	一般情况在动词后直接加-ed	ask→asked；help→helped
	以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d	like→liked；live→lived
	以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed	cry→cried；study→studied
	以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed	stop→stopped；plan→planned

考向六：动词短语

构成方式	常见短语
动词+冠词+名词	give a concert开音乐会，give a tea进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，pay a bill付账，take a risk冒险
动词+名词	catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词	catch hold of抓住，catch sight of看见，make contributions to对……做贡献，make room for给……腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，make contact with和……接触/联系，take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词	come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词	bring... to mind使想起，put... into use应用，put... into practice实行/实施，take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词	add up to合计达，break away from脱离，come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手，go in for参加/追求，go along with一起去，hold on to坚持，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out of用完

（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）—Hello! I’d like to speak to the Customer Service Department.

—Please _____ and I’ll put you through.

A．hold on B．carry on C．come on D．go on

1．（2021·辽宁中考真题）These photos ______ the doctors’ unusual working experiences.

A．record B．receive C．remember D．realize

2．（2021·辽宁中考真题）Our national hero Yue Fei ______ to devote （贡献） himself to the country at a young age.

A．failed B．forgot C．promised D．refused

3．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）Mother’s Day ______ us once every year to be thankful to mothers.

A．reminds B．warns C．requires D．promises

4．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue ______ sad and moving.

A．looks B．sounds C．smells D．tastes

5．（2021·江苏常州市·中考真题）Don’t ______ your child with others because every child is a treasure.

A．compare B．complain C．contact D．consider

6．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题）—Whose skirt is this?

—It ______ be Carol’s. She is the only girl in the team.

A．mightB．needC．must

7．（2021·辽宁中考真题）Sit down, please. You ______ be tired after standing for so long.

A．could B．can C．must D．might

8．（2021·辽宁中考真题）Don’t you know passengers ______ smoke on high-speed trains？

A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．couldn’t

9．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）—Look! There are so many people in the restaurant.

—Yes. The food there ______ be delicious.

A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．must D．need

10．（2021·江苏常州市·中考真题）—Could you play the piano at the age of five?

—No, I ______. I started at six.

A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t

11．（2021·辽宁中考真题）—Sam, let’s ______ these old things. I don’t need them anymore.

—No. We can try to put them to good use.

A．pull down B．fix up C．hand out D．throw away

12．（2021·辽宁中考真题）Junior high school days are over and it’s hard to ______ our dear teachers and friends.

A．separate from B．deal with

C．believe in D．depend on

13．（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—Why does Linda dislike me?

—I don’t know. You’ll have to ______ the reason yourself.

A．go out B．bring out C．come out D．find out

14．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）I’ll go to senior high school soon. I can’t believe how fast the time ______!

A．went on B．went off C．went by D．went out

15．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）If you ______ his invitation, he will be unhappy.

A．cut down B．write down C．take down D．turn down

16．（2021·广西玉林市·中考真题）—Why did he ______ your invitation that day?

—Because he had an important meeting.

A．turn down B．put away C．turn up D．cut down

17．（2021·江苏常州市·中考真题）My cousin is creative enough to ______ the new challenging task.

A．take on B．take out C．put up D．put in

1．（2020·浙江·乐清市乐成公立寄宿学校一模）— I’m sorry, Mr Hu. I ________ my English book at home,

— It doesn’t matter. Please remember ________ it here this morning.

A．forgot; to bring B．left; to take C．forgot; to take D．left; to bring

2．（2020·江苏·扬州教育学院附中一模）—I hope Bob won’t ________ my invitation. How I wish he could come to the party!

—It’s hard to say. He left his plane ticket at home when he went to the airport last time.

A．forget B．remember C．refuse D．accept

3．（2020·浙江·乐清市乐成公立寄宿学校一模）—Whose cap is it? Is it Cindy’s?

— It ________ be hers. Don’t you remember she even didn’t come to the party?

A．can’t B．might C．may not D．must

4．（2021·浙江·温州市第十二中学二模）— Jack, let’s go to the cinema after school.

—Sorry, I have ________ Mike to work on the biology report with him.

A．promised B．expected C．advised D．encouraged

5．（2021·江苏·无锡市江南中学二模）—I’d like to make a good plan but it is too difficult for me.

—If you set your mind on it, you should find a way to ________ it.

A．choose B．remember C．achieve D．suppose

6．（2021·江苏扬州·三模）A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist ________ be a hard-working man.

A．can’t; can B．may not; must C．can’t; must D．may not; can

7．（2021·河北石家庄·模拟预测）—________ you give me a hand? I can’t move the box by myself.

—No problem.

A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need

8．（2021·江苏·淮阴中学新城校区一模）— What is that young lady’s job?

— She ________ be a nurse, I’m not sure.

A．must B．may C．need D．would

9．（2021·江苏·无锡市江南中学二模）According to the rule, used batteries ________ be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.

A．may B．would C．should D．might

10．（2020·江苏·仪征市实验初中三模）— Listen! Tom ________ be listening to the music while doing his homework.

— Let’s go upstairs to remind him to turn it off.

A．should B．could C．would D．must

11．（2020·黑龙江·哈尔滨市光华中学校三模）—Look at my new shoes. It cost eight hundred dollars.

—Eight hundred dollars for a pair of shoes? You ________ be joking.

A．can B．should C．must

12．（2020·湖南·长沙市雅礼实验中学一模）— The work ________ in two hours.

— No problem. Let’s do it now.

A．should have finished B．must be finished C．must finish

13．（2020·山东·东营市实验中学三模）—Let’s ________ this box of old things and decide what to give away.

—This old bread maker! Aunt Tang bought a new one for me.

A．look for B．look through C．look forward to D．look up

14．（2021·广西·南宁市天桃实验学校三模）—When will the writer’s new book ________?

—Next month, I guess.

A．find out B．come out C．try out D．go out

15．（2020·浙江·乐清市乐成公立寄宿学校一模）We were looking forward to seeing the three film stars in today’s concert, but to our great disappointment, only one ________.

A．grew up B．showed up C．woke up D．got up

16．（2021·江苏·高港实验学校二模）A new high-speed railway station ________ Taixing ________ Shanghai will be built soon.

A．connecting; to B．connected; to C．connects; with D．connected; and

17．（2021·河北石家庄·模拟预测）By the end of 2025, garbage-sorting system will be ________ in Shijiazhuang.

A．set up B．given up C．shut off D．brought out

18．（2021·江苏·淮阴中学新城校区一模）— Excuse me, which is the way to Kaiming Middle School?

— ________ this street, and you’ll find it on your right.

A．Write down B．Go down C．Lie down D．Sit down

19．（2021·江苏·无锡市江南中学二模）—What can I do for you, Linda?

—I hope you can help me ________ the useless words in my article.

A．make up B．cut out C．turn off D．put up

20．（2020·广东·深圳市耀华实验学校二模）— Simon knows a lot. When we ________, he is always a good guide.