【专项练习】全套专题小升初英语复习句法(知识梳理+含答案)-第二讲陈述句
展开学有所获:
本文中的陈述句有哪些类型?
1、题型:语法单项选择、语篇翻译、连词成句、句型转换;
2、分值:3-5 分;
3、考点范围:简单句的基本句型,句型转换;
4、考查重点:句型转换。
一、简单句的五种基本句型
根据不同的谓语动词以及句子成分的不同组合方式,简单句可以分为以下五种基本句型。
主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
【例如】:I am a student. 我是学生。
They feel happy. 他们感到高兴。
主语:表示句子主要说明或描述的人或事物,是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词等表示。
系动词:系动词是用来辅助主语的动词。不能单独用作谓语,其后必须跟表语,如:be,
becme,turn,lk,g 等。
表语:说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态等情况,它位于系动词(如 be)之后。表语一般由名词、形容词充当。
【例如】:My sister is a teacher. 我的姐姐是老师。
↓↓↓
主语 系动词 表语
They feel happy. 他们感到高兴。
↓↓↓
主语 系动词 表语
One-third f the students in this class are girls. 这个班三分之一的学生是女生。
↓↓↓
主语系动词 表语
主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)
不及物动词:不及物动词后不能直接加宾语,只是表示主语的某种状态,必须先加介词,再加宾语。
常见的不及物动词有:cme,g,feel,lk,make,prve,rest,seem,stay,turn 等。
【例如】:The teacher smiled. 老师笑了。
↓↓
主语不及物动词
Tm left. 汤姆离开了。
↓↓
主语 不及物动词
主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)
宾语:宾语表示动作、行为的承受着,跟在及物动词或介词之后。及物动词:动词后可直接加宾语,且必须加宾语。
【例如】:He is ding mrning exercises. 他在做早操。
↓↓↓
主语 及物动词宾语
We like English. 我喜欢英语。
↓↓↓
主语 及物动词 宾语
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,一个指物,指物的叫直接宾语。一个指人,指人的叫间接宾语。
常见的可接双宾语的动词有:give,bring,send,pass,shw,buy,make,find,tell,lend,
write 等。
【例如】:My father bught me an MP4. 我父亲给我买了个 MP4。
↓↓↓↓
主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语
He asked me a questin. 他问了我一个问题。
↓↓↓↓
主语 及动 间宾 直宾
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+OC)宾语补足语:就是补充说明宾语的性质,状态等。
【例如】:She fund this questin easy. 她发现这题很容易。
↓↓↓↓
主语 及物动词 宾语 宾补
They painted(涂漆)their bat white. 他们把他们的船涂成白色。
↓↓↓↓
主语 及物动词宾语宾补
【典例】:改错:1. He desn’t hmewrk every day.
She always is late fr schl.
When did yu g t hme yesterday?
解析:第一题本题考查句子成分。句意为“他没有每天做家庭作业”,句子缺少实义动词作谓语,要在 desn’t 后加实义动词的动词原形,故答案为 He desn’t d hmewrk every day.第二题的频度副词要放在 be 动词之后。第三题中的其中的 g 是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语;而后面的 hme 在这里则是副词,而不是名词,所以只能用 g hme。
答案:1. He desn’t d hmewrk every day.
She is always late fr schl.
When did yu g hme yesterday?
二、句型转换
否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的三种。
谓语动词是 be 动词、情态动词时,由“be/情态动词+nt”构成否定形式。
【例如】:I am nt a gd swimmer. 我不是一个游泳的好手。
He can’t dance. 他不会跳舞。
谓语为实义动词时,根据时态添加“d/des/did+nt”构成否定形式。位于位于动词前,原谓语动词改为原形。
【例如】:We d nt have any lessns n Sundays. 我们星期天不上课。
He des nt like playing chess. 他不喜欢下棋。
I did nt watch TV last night. 昨晚我没有看电视。
有些陈述句的否定式是用 n, nthing, nbdy 等表示否定意义的词构成的。
【例如】:N ne can d it. 没人能干得了这件事。
I knw nthing abut it. 关于这件事,我一点儿也不知道。
单数句变复数句。
单数句变复数句解题步骤:
代词:人称代词主格要由单数形式变为复数形式即:I→we,yu→yu (yu 的单复数形式相同) he /she/it→they;指示代词 this 和 that 要分别变为 these 或 thse;
动词:am,is 要变为 are;
冠词:不定冠词 a/an 要去掉;
名词:可数名词单数要变为其相应的复数形式;man 或 wman 作定语修饰可数名词时,在整个句子变成复数句的情况下,也要变为复数形式;
句中的形容词,定冠词,副词,疑问词,介词短语和感叹词等都保持不变。
单数句变复数句时,记忆口诀:单数句子变复数,变化规则要记住。名词代词要变化,am, is 要变 are。this;that 变成啥,these;thse 来替它。he,she,it 要变啥,全部变 they 不用怕。人称名词复数变,记清不规则变化;名前冠词去掉它,其余成分原样加。
【演练】:将下列单数句变成复数句:
①I am a student.
② It is an red apple.
③ This is my friend.
④She is a wman dctr.
⑤What clr is the flwer?
连词成句解题技巧
根据所给标点符号来判断,需要将单词连成一个什么样的句型;具体分为:问句和陈述句,两大类来分析。
如果是问句,方法如下:
①找出所给单词中的疑问词(when,wh,why,what,where,hw 等),把疑问词放在句首。
②如果没有这些疑问词,找 be 动词(am,is,are 等),或情态动词(can,culd 等),或助动词
(d,did,des),并把这些动词放在句首。
③接下来,找到人称代词(yu,he,she,it,we,they 等)或是名词,即主语,把这些词放在动词后。
④动词放在其次。
⑤介词短语再其次。
⑥时间地点居最后,地点在前,时间在后。
如果是陈述句,方法如下:
①找到人称代词(yu,he,she,it,we,they)或看指代词(this,that,these,thse)等,或者名词,即句子主语,把这些词放在句首。
②然后找到动词,这些动词一般是 be 动词,情态动词或实义动词等。
③加入其它成分,时间地点居最后。地点在前,时间在后。
完成以后,应该把连出来的句子,翻译成汉语,看是否能翻译得通。如果翻译不通,则要做进一步的检查与修改。
【演练】:
指出下列各句属于哪种基本句型。
My brther lst his bag.()
She bught me a new pen.()
Class begins.()
I fund him a gd student.()
The silk feels sft.()
连词成句 (2016. 附中系)
is, it, weather, fr, the, frecast, time(.)
bring, will, sme, candies, I, peanuts, and(.)
is, wman, the, ld, math, ur, teacher(.)
g, we , t, usually, schl, by, bike(.)
than, he, me, taller, is(.)
英汉互译
我觉得冷,而且咳嗽。
中秋节快到了。
Jim 上周五看了两个小时的电影。
Ding eye exercises is very gd fr yur eyes.
Everyne knws Canada is the secnd largest cuntry in the wrld.
按要求写句子。
am, bike, I, buy, t, a, new, ging. (连词成句)
Tm jumps as far as Mike. (改为否定句) Tmas far as Mike.
They were nt at hme last night. (改为肯定句) Theyat hme last night.
The Children have sme apples. (改为单数句)
The.
Her huse is nice. (改为复数句)
nice.
连词成句
dishes, she, last, did, night, sme (.)
are, there ,in, cuntry, three, lights, every, traffic (.)
were, a , ag, they, there, mment (.)
eating, enjy, mncakes, I (.)
beginning, the, f, week, is, Sunday, the (.)
语篇翻译
Mr. and Mrs. Smith cme frm Sydney( 悉尼). 11. They teach English in a middle schl in China. They like their wrk. 12. They have a sn Jim and a daughter Sue. They are all in China nw. Mr. Smith can speak Chinese. He likes swimming and reading. Mrs. Smith likes swimming in the afternn and cking. 13. Jim 和 Sue 喜欢打网球。 They ften play games with Chinese bys and girls.
14. Jim’s uncle, Mark, wrks n a farm near Sydney. He likes swimming, t. He wants t wrk in China. 15. 但是他不会说中文。 S he is still(仍然) there and ges t Chinese classes every week.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
参考答案
第一讲 固定句式
演练:A BBA shpping; Cllectingmaking; watching
真题演练:1-5CACCB6-10ABBAB
11. d12. camping13. playing14. be15. t get16. play17. dancing
18. get19. ging20. playing
巩固提升:1-5CCCAB6-10CCABB
It’s happy fr me t help thers.
Yu had better study nw.
He is t yung t g t wrk.
It takes me ten minutes t d the washing.
We ften practice speaking English.
到了我们该努力学习的时候了。
做作业使我不开心。
我老师教我打篮球。
I plan t watch a mvie tmrrw.
It’s very imprtant fr children t eat vegetables.
第二讲 陈述句
演练:① We are students.
② They are red apples.
③ These are ur friends.
④ They are wmen dctrs.
⑤What clr are the flwers?
主语+及物动词+宾语
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+不及物动词
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
主语+系动词+表语
真题演练:连词成句 1. It’s time fr the weather frecast.
I will bring sme candies and peanuts.
The ld wman is ur math teacher.
We usually g t schl by bike.
He is taller than me.
英汉互译:6. I feel cld and I have a cugh.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is cming.
Jim watched the mvie fr tw hurs last Friday.
做眼保健操对你们的眼睛有好处。
每个人都知道加拿大是世界上第二大国家。巩固提升:1. I am ging t buy a new bike.
desn’t; jump
were
child; has; an; apple
Their; huse; are
She did sme dishes last night.
There are three traffic lights in every cuntry.
They were there a mment ag.
I enjy eating mncakes.
Sunday is the beginning f the week.
他们在中国的一所中学教英语。
他们有一个儿子吉姆和一个女儿苏。
Jim and Sue like playing tennis.
吉姆的叔叔,马克在靠近悉尼的一家农场工作。
But he can’t speak Chinese.
第三讲 疑问句
演练:BBAAA BB AB
真题演练:1-5BACAC6-10ABCBC
Des Peter speak French?
David is standing in frnt f the blackbard.
What time des he get up every mrning?
What clur are Jack’s trusers?
What can yu see in the picture?
巩固提升:1-5BABCB6-10BAACC
Des yur father g t wrk by bike?
Did Jimmy d hmewrk yesterday evening?
Where des yur mther wrk?
Hw des yur English teacher g t wrk?
Where is the pst ffice? 16-20DCBAE
第四讲 祈使句演练:BCAB
真题演练:1. Dn’t be 2. Be 3. fd 4. read 5. us 6. D 7. Lk 8. give 9. g 10. fishing
Dn’t smke.
Dn’t listen t music.
Dn’t clse the dr, please.
Dn’t draw n the wall.
Dn’t let the children play the pian. /Let the children nt play the pian.
巩固提升 1-5BCABB 6-10AACCC
Dn’t pick the flwers, please.
Let’s g t play n the playgrund.
Help yurself t sme apples, please.
Dn’t swim in the lake. It’s dangerus.
Dn’t talk in the library.
略
第五讲 感叹句演练:ACAC
真题演练:1. What 2. Hw 3. Hw 4. What 5. What 6. Hw 7. What 8. Hw 9. What 10. Hw
Binteresting
CHw
A What a
A What
Blvely
巩固提升 1-5 BCBCB6-10AAACB
Hw delicius the dish is!
What strange clthes he is wearing!
What a nice watch it is!
Hw strngly it’s blwing!
Hw much I missed my ld friends!
翻译句子:16. Hw interesting the film is !
Hw fast he rides!
Hw sad the child is!
Hw clever yu are!
What a tall tree it is!
第六讲 There be 句型演练:1-5CABAA
真题演练:
There wn’t be
Are there any; Yes there are; N there aren’t
Hw many pens are there
Hw much meat is there
What was there
There isn’t any
Are there three students; there are; there aren’t
Hw many English bks are there in yur bag?
There aren’t sixteen bys and furteen girls in my class.
There are; in
巩固提升 1-5CBBCC 6-10CABBB 11-15CDBEA
There aren’t any
English teachers are; schl
Are there any
There will be
There were sme farmers
第七讲 状语从句演练:A
真题演练 1-5 ABABA6-10CBAAA
巩固提升 1-5 CCCAA6-10CACAB
They are ging t g t schl nw.
Yu can help them clean their rm.
It’s like an English pancake.
Wuld yu please tell me Miss Li’s telephne number?
The things are in the car nw.
略
第八讲 日常交际
演练:AA A ABABA AA ACCBA A A AA AA CCC
真题演练:1-5 CAAAB6-10BCACB 11-20 HIBEGDJAFC
巩固提升:1-5 BCBCB6-10CABCA 11-15 DABCE
May I brrw
Let’s; swimming
way t
like as
right; the secnd
附录一 2018 一中系真题卷
1-5 CCABC6-10BBBCA
11-15 ABBCA16-20 BCBCA
21-25 BACCB
26. fr27. language28. als29. because30. keep
31. starting32. jb33. save34. visit35. phts
附录二 2018 雅礼系真题卷
1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CCABA 11-15 BCBAC 16-20 ACABC
21-25 ACACC
five bxes
an English by
my bike
sme fresh tmates
Lessn Nine
Hell
Gd mrning
My
Nice t meet yu, t
D yu knw his telephne number?
略
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