04语法填空之形容词副词-高考英语三轮冲刺闯关（新高考专用）

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04【查缺补漏】语法填空之形容词副词（解析版）一，形容词：修饰名词1，  变成形容词（1)-y结尾的形容词（2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词全球的（3)-ful,-less 结尾的形容词（4)(i)ous结尾的形容词（5)-able,-ible 结尾的形容词(6）-tive结尾的形容词（7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词（8)-en结尾的形容词：羊毛的 wool-woolen木制的 wood-wooden（9)以－some结尾的形容词（10)-ly结尾的形容词2，  形容词的原级 ：as+形容词原级+as3，  形容词的比较级：两者或者在双方之间的比较  标志性词 thanThe +形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级 越···越···形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级 越来越···4，  形容词的最高级：三者或三者以上之间的比较，通常带有表示范围的状语  One of+形容词的最高级 最···之一5，  反义形容词;在原有形容词的基础上增加否定的前缀或后缀二，副词 修饰动词或者形容词三，形容词与副词易错点        ？    （形容词），··········（成分完整的句子）解题步骤1，当？填形容词词性的词时，此时形容词做状语，与句子主语构成系表结构  解题步骤2 当？填副词词性的词时，此时副词做评论性的独立成分2，结合语境考虑是否把？处的形容词或副词二次变形为其否定形式。【仿真训练，触类旁通】1.They         (official) donated it to China on June 10,2019.2.(fortunate)       , on April 16,a fire destroyed  the spire（尖顶）of the 850-year-old cathedral , and two-thirds of the roof.3. From the year 2022, teenagers will become adults at the age of 18，,two years​​(early)        ,than the age at which adulthood currently legally hap-pens.4.We need​(many)        people like the elderly Canadian couple as well as more organizations like the Canada-China Friendship Society.5.Touching your eyes or mouth with        (wash) hands can let the virus enter your body.6.COVID-19 is undoubtedly a serious social-challenge, but if we all contribute and behave​         (re-sponsible),it is one that we can overcome.7． Some of the things we find most irritating（令人恼火的） about buses include missing a bus，         (particular) after running to the bus stop.8．Excavated（出土） from the Ruins of Yin near An-yang, Henan Province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC was the​​(early)                                           evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze.9.My aunt advised that I need to go to hospital, and the treatment she provided gave my parents      (value) time to take me to the hospital.10.​(help)          , we watch our home destroyed before our eyes.11.Chinese scientists​(recent)        had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.12. Club sports are less time-consuming than other athletic items, and you can​​(easy)           miss a practice or even a competition if your academic or work commitments are particularly demanding at a certain point.13.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of     (great) and less importance. 14. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which​(gradual)           turned into chopsticks.15. That young man is honest, cooperative, 'always there when you need his help. In short, he's​ (rely)        .解析1．officially 考查副词。句意：2019年6月10日，他们正式将式捐赠给中国。所填单词修饰动词donated，应用副词作状语故填 officially2．Unfortunately 考查副词。此处所填单词修饰整个句子，应用副词。同时根据语境，这里应该是“不幸的是”之意。3．carlier 考查形容词比较级。句意：从2022年开始，青少年的21．m成年年龄将变为18岁，比目前法律规定的成年年龄提前两年，根据后面的than可知此处用比较级。故填 earlier。4．more 考查形容词比较级。句意：我们需要更多像这对加拿大老夫妇这样的人，需要更多像加中友协这样的机构。根据后文23．“as well as more organisations”以及句意可知，此处应用比较级more。5.unwashed 考查形容词。句意：用没有洗过的手触摸你的眼睛或嘴巴会让病毒进入你的身体。此处所填单词修饰名词hands，表示“未洗的，不清洁的”，应用形容词 unwashed。6．responsibly 考查副词。句意：COVID-19无疑是一个严重的社会挑战，但如果我们都出一份力并对自己的行为负责，我们是可以攻克这个病毒的。此处所填单词修饰动词behave，应用副词 responsibly。7.particularly 考查副词。句意：关于公共汽车我们发现最让人恼火的一些事情包括错过公共汽车，特别是在你跑到公共汽车站之后。修饰后文介词短语 after running to the bus stop 应用副词 particularly“特别”。故填 particularly。8.earliest 考查形容词最高级。句意：出土于河南省安阳附近的殷墟的是最早的青铜筷子的证据，这可以追溯到公元前1200年左右。定冠词the用在形容词最高级前面，再结合句意可知此处应使用形容词最高级，故填 earliest。9,valuable 句意：我姑姑建议我得去住院，她给我提供的治疗给了我父母宝贵的时间将我送去了医院。名词time 前需用形容词作定语，故答案为 valuable。10,Helpless​句意：我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。此处用help的形容词否定形式作状语，表示主旨we看到家园被毁时的状态。11．recently 句意：最近中国科学家有机会去研究一只带着新生幼崽的雌性野生大熊猫。此处需用副词recently作时间状语。12．casily 句意：俱乐部运动会比其他运动项目耗时少，如果某个时候你的学业或学习任务特别需要专注的话，你就可能很容易失去训练或参赛的机会。根据句子结构可知，修饰动词miss须用副词。13．greater 句意：如果你因工作中的重重责任而倍感压力，那你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系；故使用相同的比较级形式greater。14.gradually​句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用gradual的副词形式。15.reliable​句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be动词后面要接形容词作表语。16．homeless 考查形容词。句意：三年前，43岁的加州博蒙特人Brian Palmer是一个无家可归的人，正在努力戒掉酒瘾。此处，所填单词修饰名词，应为形容词；同时根据句意可知，这里的意思是“无家可归的”。17．supportive 考查形容词。句意：他在洛杉矶市中心很大的帐篷城-康复中心寻求支持性帮助。此处所填单词修饰名词，应该用形容词。18．luckily 考查副词。此处所填单词修饰动词，所以用副词。19．professional 考查形容词。句意：这让他加入了街头交响乐团，这是一群主要来自洛杉矶爱乐乐团的专业音乐家，他们的工作对象是无家可归的人、精神疾病患者和残疾人。所填单词修饰名词，故用形容词，此处表示“专业的”。20．mostly 考查副词。所填单词修饰动词，故用副词，此处表示“主要地，大多数地”。21．mentally 考查副词。此处所填单词修饰形容词ill，故用副词。22.disabled​考查形容词。此处所填单词修饰名词，故用形容词，此处表示“残疾的”。23.lessons​考查名词的数。句意：二月份，Palmer开始向街头交响乐团的成员 Scott Graff学习声乐。所填单词表示一类事物，因此用名词复数，故答案为lessons。24．better 考查比较级。由上一句中的 some tips on vocal． tech-nique 和 life lessons可知，此处表示两者之间的比较，故用比较级，故答案为 better。【真题再现，牛刀小试】2015年全国一卷语法填空Yang shuo ,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I​61​(arrive) in Yang shuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours​62​I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with​63​(it) choking smog.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64_are pictured by artists in so many Chinese65     (painting). Instead , I'd headed straight for Yang shuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away​66​car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yang shuo              ​(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers​68​(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yang shuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong ,says it​69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people​70(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.解析，69题，regularly,考查词性转换，空格处在句中做状语，修饰动词arranges,应用副词，故填regularly。2016年全国一卷语法填空If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of 61    （great） and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 62     (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow​63​(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused​our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65_possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent​66     ​(study) show that we are far more productive at work if wé take short breaks​67              ​(regular)       . Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for​68​ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely_69_(bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports-but whatever it is,70_(make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解析61题，考察形容词的比较级。根据空格后的 and less important可知此处应用great的比较级形式与less并列，故填greater.    67题，regularly,考查词性转换,此处应用regular的副词形式修饰动词短语 take short breaks，故填regularly.2017年全国一卷语法填空There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）​61​a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side​62  ​(effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight .Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required​63_(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something .As 65​result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even​66 (bad)                                          ,the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food​67​(be) full of fat and salt; by_68_(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet .Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69_     (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,​70 is not good for the health.解析，66题，worse，考察形容词的比较级，even是副词，常用来修饰形容词的比较级，even worse 为固定搭配，意为更糟糕的是，常做状语，填worse.     69题，careful，考查词性转换，空格处在句中做表语，结合空格后的动词不定式可知，空格处应该填提示词的形容词形式，be careful not to do sth,意为小心不要做某事，故填 careful.2018年全国一卷语法填空According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years​61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long​62 (see) the benefit . You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63_(die) early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it​64​(be) more effective at lengthening life 65​walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014​ 66    showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67                (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise .. it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.解析61题，longer,考察形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知，空格处应用所给的词的比较级形式，故填longer.69题，energetic，考查词性的转换根据空格前的its可知，空格处在句中作表语，应用energy的形容词形式，故填energetic。2019年全国一卷语法填空The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been​62         (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20 000-25 000 polar bears worldwide .Modern methods​ 63 ​tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive​64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut​65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a​ 66    (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by_67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements，leading to the illusion（错觉）that populations are​68       ​(high) than they actually are. Of​69​​nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six​70.​(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析62题，考查词性转换，此处应用副词修饰动词studies,在句中做状语，故填poorly.68题，higher,考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than及语境，此处应用high的比较级，故填higher。2020年全国一卷语法填空China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon． The unmanned Chang＇e-4 probe（探测器）-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-61​(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is_​62        (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe ,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot​63​it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular_64     (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so​65​the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4​66​(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.​“ This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“ because it ​67​(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon​68​(construct).” Data about the moon's composition, such as how​69​ice and other treasures it contains , could help China decide whether​70​(it) plans for a future lunar（月球的） base are practical.解析62题，extremely，考查词性转换，分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰形容词challenging,故填extremely2021年全国一卷语法填空Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact（影响） travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become​ (educate) about the areas-both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural-characteristics ,ana-oHen -Piov for conservation and benefits the​62                               (develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has​63​(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept​64​the late 1980s. During that time ,increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.Due to​65​growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types​66​trips are now being classified as ecotourism., Actually, a true' eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:·Minimize the impact of​67​(visit) the place.·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.Provide​68​        (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.·Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.​69 （activity） there range from whale watching to hiking（远足） and accommodations aim​70​(have) a low impact on the natural environment.解析68题，financial，考查词性转换，此处应用形容词修饰名词aid,故填financial。