高中英语高考高考总复习阅读推断题讲义以及练习题（高考总复习，纯干货，原创）

这是一份高中英语高考高考总复习阅读推断题讲义以及练习题（高考总复习，纯干货，原创），共8页。试卷主要包含了从主旨来推 2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。推理判断题一般概括为
1）细节推断 2）词义推断 3）观点态度推断
其他
推断题题干标志词：infer，suggest，indicate, cnclude, imply, learn frm, we knw , the writer believes...
方法特征：
总体来说，推断题要立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念或过于片面；切记掺杂自己主观想法、经验；不可选择对阅读材料的简单重复的选项。
细节推断题 （1）中心相关 （2）细节
主旨推断题 （1）中心相关（给段落分层） （2）主旨相关
从推断题类别将解题技巧总结如下：
推断观点态度：一般问题形式为：The writer’s attitude
The writer thught that...
技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词、虚拟语气、情态动词、过渡词及所举例子，推断作者的弦外之音，如：作者在形容词前用了t, excessively, rather 等，则常带否定意味。
（2）推断词义：阅读中碰到生词时，首先应根据句子的意思判断出此单词的词性及其感情色彩和其在句子中所充当的成分；然后根据我们平常所学的构词法知识，联系上下文和平时积累的常识，来推测这个单词的意义。并且猜测单词时，没有必要猜测出其准确的意义，只要能猜出其大概意义即可。
① 根据构词法猜测词义：我们所学过的构词法主要有 3 种：派生法、转化法和合成法。Mst seaweed is red and brwn in clr. (seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为“海草”) Invariably the backgrund was the same. (invariably由in + vary + able + ly 构成，意为“不可改变地”)Yu’ll be punished if yu desert rubbish everywhere. (desert 由名词 desert 转化而成，意为“丢弃”)
② 根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。Insects wuld make it impssible fr us t live in the wrld; they wuld devur all ur crps and kill ur flcks and herds. (由 devur 与后面动词 kill的并列结构得知 devur 意为“毁坏”)
Wd and skins have easily rtted away, but stne desn’t decay. (根据 but 的反义结构可知 decay 意为“腐烂”)
③ 根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词Mdern alpinists try t climb muntains by a rute which will give them gd sprt. (由句子的意义可看出alpinist 意为“把登山作为体育运动的人”)
（3）推断写作意图目的：方法1.从主旨来推 2.从问题类别来推
一般如：记叙文特别是有趣经历或幽默故事的目的是娱乐读者：make peple laugh r t tell an interesting experience；夹叙夹议目的让读者得到某种启示或教育;广告和议论文目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普类说明文或新闻报告目的是告知读者某些信息。
细节推断题
（2016年天津，B）
Every man wants his sn t be smewhat f a clne, nt in features but in ftsteps. As he grws yu als age, and yur ambitins becme mre unachievable. Yu begin t realize that yur by, in yur ftsteps, culd prbably accmplish what yu hped fr. But ftsteps can be muddied and they can g ff in different directins.
My sn Jdy has hated schl since day ne in kindergarten. Science prjects waited until the last mment. Bk reprts weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate wrking tward her master’s degree in English. But Jdy? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “v-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “mtrheads” by the rest f the student bdy.
42. What can we learn abut the authr’s children? （文章内容推断）
A. His daughter des better in schl.
B. His daughter has gt a master’s degree.
C. His sn tried hard t finish hmewrk.
D. His sn culdn’t write his bk reprts.
答案：A 根据答案回去找细节，注意选项与文中时态语态的细微差别。
天津2018年6月C篇
Sustainability(可持续性)
The glbal ppulatin is expected t grw t 9.6 billin by 2050, and sme analysts estimate that fd prductin will need t be raised by 50 percent t maintain current levels. Sustainability is becming a necessity. 3D fd printing culd prbably cntribute t the slutin. Sme experts believe printers culd use hydrcllids(水解胶体)frm plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass t replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissins. Grcery stres f the future might stck "fd" that lasts years n end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transprtatin and strage requirements
2 ．What can we learn abut 3D fd printing frm Paragraph 3？
A. It slves fd shrtages easily.
B. It quickens the transprtatin f fd.
C. It needs n space fr the strage f fd.
D. It uses renewable materials as surces f fd.
这道题我们可以看出这段的主旨是可持续性，因此，第三段的正确答案很有可能与可持续性有关。开头第一句话明显不像主旨句，第二句和段落标题一致，因此，它整个段落的中心句。只有D在说可持续性。
2016全国卷三
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred(监控) in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,＂ says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. ＂They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.＂
2.What can we infer abut peple like Debbie Dwner?
A. They’re scially inactive．
B. They’re gd at telling stries．
C. They’re incnsiderate f thers．
D. They’re careful with their wrds．
答案：C.审题干，我们可以看出只有But when……这句话对答题有用。这时仔细看这一句话就能发现
“Yu care”是解题关键。因此要选择与之相反的，才符合题干的要求，所以选C.
Chimps（黑猩猩） will cperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties t prtect their territry．But beynd the minimum requirements as scial beings，they have little instinct （本能） t help ne anther．Chimps in the wild seek fd fr themselves．Even chimp mthers regularly decline t share fd with their children．wh are able frm a yung age t gather their wn fd．
In the labratry，chimps dn't naturally share fd either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in ne plate f fd fr himself r，with n great effrt，a plate that als prvides fd fr a neighbr t the next cage，he will pull at randm---he just desn't care whether his neighbr gets fed r nt．Chimps are truly selfish．
Human children，n the ther hand are extremely cperative．Frm the earliest ages，they decide t help thers，t share infrmatin and t participate in achieving cmmn gals．The psychlgist Michael Tmasell has studied this cperativeness in a series f experiments with very yung children．He finds that if babies aged 18mnths see an unrelated adult with hands full trying t pen a dr，almst all will immediately try t help．
33．What can we learn frm the experiment with chimps？___
A．Chimps seldm care abut thers'interests．
B．Chimps tend t prvide fd fr their children．
C．Chimps like t take in their neighbrs'fd．
D．Chimps naturally share fd with each ther．
34．Michael Tmasell's tests n yung children indicate that they___．
A．have the instinct t help thers
B．knw hw t ffer help t adults
C．knw the wrld better than chimps
D．trust adults with their hands full
答案：A A
这两道细节题推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。
2019年天津3月高考 C篇
Perhaps what’s mst imprtant here is that these measures can be changed. Dcters can take this infrmatin and help patients make changes t lifestyles, and hpefully take steps t imprve their bilgical cnditins. “I think the mst exciting thing abut this reserch is that these things aren’t set in stne,” Levine said. “Peple can be given the infrmatin earlier and take steps t imprve their health befre it’s t late”
Accrding t Prf. Levine, what is the mst exciting thing abut her reserch?
The measures are nt fixed.
Health services can be set up.
The prblems are nt that serius.
The reserch results are written in stne.
答案：A 这道推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。
段落推断题
2014天津B
“It’s really fun”, said the wner f a bkstre, wh was present fr ne f the test runs. “Obviusly yu can’t shake hands with the authr， but there are chances fr a cnnectin that yu dn’t get frm a regular bk signing..
The respnse t the inventin has nt been all favrable. Atwd has received criticism frm authrs wh think she is trying t end bk turs. But she said, “It will be pssible t g t places that yu never gt sent t befre because the publishers culdn’t affrd it.”
45. What culd be inferred frm Paragraphs 5 and 6?
A. Atwd desn’t mean t end bk turs.
B. Critics think the LngPen is f little use
C. Bkstre wners d nt supprt the LngPen
D. Publishers dislike the LngPen fr its high cst
答案：A 这道题属于细节推断，只能回去文章找，注意细节。
2015年天津高考B篇
The Jib rbt, arranged t ship later this year, is designed t be a persnalized assistant. Yu can talk t the rbt, ask it questins, and make requests fr it t perfrm different tasks. The rbt desn’t just deliver general answers t questins; it respnds based n what it learns abut each individual in the husehld. It can d things such as reminding an elderly family member t take medicine r taking family phts.
……
The mre interactin the rbt has with humans, the mre it learns. But Oshbt, like ther scial rbts, is nt intended t replace wrkers, but t wrk alngside ther emplyees. “We have technlgies t train scial rbts t d things nt fr us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
42. What can a Jib rbt d accrding t Paragraph 3?
A. Cmmunicate with yu and perfrm peratins.
B. Answer yur questins and make requests.
C. Take yur family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey yur rders and remind yu t take pills.
44. We can learn frm the last paragraph that scial rbts will ______.
A. train emplyees B. be ur wrkmates
C. imprve technlgies D. take the place f wrkers
答案：D B
提示：注意选项偷换主语，需要考生有一定词汇量，能看懂文中与选项中的同义词替换。
2013天津D.
When asked abut happiness,we usually think f smething extrardinary, an abslute delight,which seems t get rarer the lder we get.
Fr kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race r getting a new bike is unreserved(毫不掩饰的).
In the teenage years the cncept f happiness changes.Suddenly it’s cnditinal n such things as excitement,lve and ppularity.I can still recall the excitement f being invited t dance with the mst attractive by at the schl party.
In adulthd the things that bring deep jy----lve,marriage,birth----als bring respnsibility and the risk f lss.Fr adults,happiness is cmplicated(复杂的)
My definitin fr happiness is “the capacity fr enjyment”.The mre we can enjy what we have,the happier we are.It’s easy t verlk the pleasure we get frm the cmpany f friends,the freedm t live where we please,and even gd health.
I experienced my little mments f pleasure yesterday.First I was verjyed when I shut the last lunch-bx and had the huse t myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted mrning writing,which I lve.When the kids and my husband came hme,I enjyed their nise after the quiet f the day.
Psychlgists tell us that t be happy we need a mix f enjyable leisure time and satisfying wrk.I dn’t think that my grandmther,wh raised 14 children,had much f either.She did have a netwrk f clse friends and family,and maybe this is what satisfied her.
We,hwever,with s many chices and such pressure t succeed in every area,have turned happiness int ne mre thing we’ve gt t have.We’ve s self-cnscius abut ur “right” t it that it’s making us miserable.S we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,withut nticing that the peple wh have thse things aren’t necessarily happier
Happiness isn’t abut what happens t us----it’s abut hw we see what happens t us.It’s the skillful way f finding a psitive fr every negative.It’s nt wishing fr what we dn’t have,but enjying what we d pssess.
52.What can we learn abut the authr frm Paragraph 5 and 6?
A.She cares little abut her wn health
B.She enjys the freedm f traveling
C.She is easily pleased by things in daily life
D.She prefers getting pleasure frm husewrk
53.What can be infrmed frm Paragraph 7?
A.Psychlgists think satisfying wrk is key t happiness
B.Psychlgists’pinin is well prved by Grandma’case
C.Grandma ften fund time fr scial gatherings
D.Grandma’s happiness came frm mdest expectatins f life
答案：C D
依然围绕文章与段落主旨推断。
词义、句意推断
（2018滨海七校一模，C）
By trying t tickle(挠痒痒) rats and recrding hw their nerve cells respnd, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discvering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristtle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability t laugh, were the nly ticklish animals.
It turns ut that Aristtle was wrng. In their study published n Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht fund that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled n their backs and bellies. These signs f jy changed accrding t their mds. And fr the first time, they discvered a special grup f nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling s pwerful that it causes an individual being tickled t lse cntrl.
64. The underlined wrd “squeak” in Paragraph 2 may be explained by ______.
A. give a smile B. make a nise C. burst int tears D. watch with staring eyes
答案：B 词义推断得把选项单词带回去试，否则容易误选A，实际上主语是老鼠，能排除A。
2016天津C
The link between what the men had dne as bys and hw they turned ut as adults was surprisingly sharp. Thse wh had dne the mst byhd activities were twice as likely t have warm relatins with a wide variety f peple, five times as likely t be well paid and 16 times less likely t have been unemplyed. The researchers als fund that IQ and family scial and ecnmic class made n real difference in hw the bys turned ut. Wrking—at any age—is imprtant. Childhd activities help a child develp respnsibility, independence, cnfidence and cmpetence—the underpinnings (基础) f emtinal health. They als help him understand that peple must cperate and wrk tward cmmn gals. The mst cmpetent adults are thse wh knw hw t d this. Yet wrk isn’t everything. As Tlsty nce said, （“One can live magnificently in this wrld if ne knws hw t wrk and hw t lve, t wrk fr the persn ne lves and t lve ne’s wrk.”）
49. What des the underlined wrd “sharp” prbably mean in Paragraph 4? ( 猜测词意)
A. Quick t react.B. Having a thin edge.
C. Clear and definite.D. sudden and rapid.
答案：C
句子虽然长，但是大部分信息是废话，注意找出句子主干，实际上sharp是The link的表语，形容The link，看到这里，这时答题就变得容易了。
2015天津高考D篇
Bldness means a decisin t bite ff mre than yu can eat. And there is nthing mysterius abut the mighty frces. They are ptential pwers we pssess: energy, skill, sund judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than mst f us realize.
52. What is the implied meaning f the underlined part? (词意猜测)
A. Swallw mre than yu can digest.
B. Act slightly abve yur abilities.
C. Develp mre mysterius pwers.
D. Learn t make creative decisins.
答案：B 根据主旨选。
观点态度推断
2015新课标全国1卷B
The freezing Nrtheast spend time this winter, s when the chance came fr a weekend t Sarasta, Flrida, my bags were packed befre yu culd say ＂sunshine＂. I left fr the land f warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking f beaches and range trees. When we tuched dwn t blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer f gratefulness. Swimming pls, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at nrmal evening hurs, nt 4 in the afternn) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly t my taste, dulled by mnths f cld — weather rt vegetables — was a 7 a.m. adventure t the Sarahasn’t been a terribly fun place tsta farmers’ market that prved t be mre than wrth the early wake-up call.
The market, which was funded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday frm 7 a.m. t 1 p.m., rain r shine, alng Nrth Lemn and State streets. Baskets f perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides f the Java Dawg cffee truck; and mst f all, the tmates: amazing, large, sft and rund red tmates.
Disappinted by many a brken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) prmise, I’ve refused t buy winter tmates fr years. N matter hw attractive they lk in the stre, nce I get them hme they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I hmed in, with uncertainty, n ne particular table at the Brwn’s Grve Farm’s stand, full f fresh and sft tmates the size f my fist. These were the real deal — and at that mment, I realized that the best part f Sarasta in winter was ging t be eating things that back hme in New Yrk I wuldn’t be experiencing again fr mnths.
Delighted as I was by the tmates in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brwn’s Grve Farm is ne f the suppliers fr Jack Dusty, a newly pened restaurant at the Sarasta Ritz Carltn, where —luckily fr me — I was planning t have dinner that very night. Withut even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be rdering every tmat n it.
24. What did the authr think f her winter life in New Yrk?
A. Exciting. B. Bring. C. Relaxing. D. Annying.
答案：B 回到文中，会发现，作者认为纽约的生活不够理想，所以从B或D中选，而D程度太深，故B合适。
（2018天津十二校联考一模，B）
T be hnest, I’ve never been much f a bird persn. I als have a healthy respect fr birds, and by healthy I mean slightly fear-based. They’re basically living dinsaurs.
I wish they’d chsen anther backyard. There are nly s many sunny days in Seattle, and I still can’t d any gardening ut there. But I’m als grateful that I gt t see this little bit f nature unfld up clse. It’s pretty amazing.
44. By saying “They’re basically living dinsaurs” in paragraph 5, the authr means____.
A. birds are rare. B. birds are very ugly.
C. she is afraid f birds. D. she is respectful t birds.
答案：C