专题20 9BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括及易错题分析（江苏专用）
展开专题20 9BU4-牛津译林版初中英语第二学期单元知识点囊括
及易错题分析
单元话题 | Life on Mars |
Reading | 重点词汇、词组和句型 |
Grammar | 简单句和复杂句之间的转换（二） |
一、重点词组、句型
1.dried food 干粮
2.more polluted(pollution (u)污染更严重
3.because of the rapid(adj) increase (n) in population 因为人口的快速增长
(rapider; rapidest)
The population is increasing (v.) rapidly (adv.).
4. start all over again 重新开始
5.large numbers of passengers 大批乘客
6.a large number of strangers 大量陌生人
Knowing and understanding _____ needs is of great importance to every successful business.(顾客)
【答案】customers’
7.travel at a/the speed of ......的速度飞行
8.quite uncomfortable 相当不舒服
9.in the form of electronic money 以电子货币的形式
10. ... tasty as... (tastier, tastiest)和..一样美味
11.Most people think home-made food is much _____ than take-away food. (taste)
【答案】tastier
12.specially (adv.) design for..专门为..设计，特地为..设计 special (adj.)
Most of the tools are ____ offered to help those people with hearing problems.(专门)
【答案】specially
和手工制作的那款相比，这款钱包便宜得多。_________________,this one is much cheaper.
【答案】Compared with that purse made by hand
15.be in agreement -致同意(状态）
达成一致 reach an agreement
16.the possibility of....的可能性
17.The weather report says it will be cloudy with a slight________of rain later tonight.
A. sense B. influence C. change D. chance
【答案】D
18.carry out the plan 开展/执行计划 carry it/ them out
19.I'm not sure if it's worth the risk(n.)我不确定是否值得冒险。
risk (v.) doing
take the risk 冒着...的危险
take the risk of doing
20.after all 毕竟 first of all 首先 above all 首要的是 in all 总计
21.With the development of technology随着技术的发展
二、语法Grammar
1. 含有状语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用at the age of, because of, without...等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为简单句。
He learnt to swim when he was eight years old.
→He learnt to swim at the age of eight.
He could not go to the party because he had too much homework.
→He could not go to the party because of too much homework.
He cannot solve this problem if he has no help.
→He cannot solve this problem without help.
注意：转换时要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。
2. 含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用of..., like...等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句改为简单句。
The photos remind me that I travelled to the UK five years ago
→The photos remind me of my trip to the UK five years ago.
Are you certain that Tom is satisfied with the plan?
→Are you certain about Tom’s satisfaction with the plan?
注意：常用的一些动词和介词的搭配有：
remind somebody of...
be sure/certain about...
3. 含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
在英语中，我们可以用with..., in....等介词短语，将含有定语从句的复合句改为简单句。
Do you know the girl who is holding two books in her hand?
→Do you know the girl with two books in her hand?
The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher.
→The man in a blue shirt is our English teacher.
本单元的语法主要讲解的是简单句和状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的转换，我们主要注意复习宾语从句和定语从句的考点。
三、词组归纳
1、crowded adj. 拥挤的 become more and more crowded and polluted
crowd n. 人群 v. 使…拥挤
2、 polluted adj. 被污染的 pollute v. pollution n. air pollution
3、 rapid adj. 快地，迅速的 rapidly adv.
4、 increase ['ɪŋkriːs] n. the rapid increase in population
v. increase rice production
5、 specially adv. 专门地，特地 be specially designed
6、 challenging adj. 挑战性的 challenge n. 挑战 take on new challenges
7、 at a/ the speed of 以…的速度 in the form of 以… 的形式
8、 compare to/with 与… 相比
9、 When he was 16 = at the age of 16.
10、 carry out 开展，执行 carry out a survey carry on with sth carry on doing sth
11、 risk n. 风险 v 冒风险 risk doing sth. at the risk of doing run/take a risk of doing
12、 after all 毕竟 in all 总计 above all 首要的是 first of all 首要的是
13、 harm sb. 伤害某人 =do harm to sb.=be harmful to sb.
14、 be worth sth./doing sth. 值得
15、 a guide to living on Mars 生活在火星的指南
16、 be similar to
17、entertainment n. 娱乐
四、句型归纳
1.—Wow, I’ve never thought about travelling into space. 哇，我从未想过到太空旅行。
— Me neither. 我也没有。
① think about doing sth. 考虑做某事
② Me neither.==Neither have I.
2. How do you like life on Mars? 你认为火星上的生活怎么样/
How do you like...? == What do you think of...? 你认为....怎么样？
3.What would it be like to live on Mars? 住在火星上将会是什么样子呢？
What+be+主语+like? ....怎么样？
- Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. 因为飞速增长的人口，我们自己的星球——地球正变得越来越拥挤，污染越来越严重。
5.The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of that on the Earth.
火星上的重力只有地球上的八分之三。
One third of the water is dirty.
Two thirds of the workers in our factory are young people.
6.Compared with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways.
与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面要好些。
过去分词短语compared with life on the Earth在句中作状语。
7.Every student would have a computer at home connected to an interplanetary network。.
每个学生家里都有一台电脑与星际网络连接。
过去分词短语connected to an interplanetary network在句中作定语，修饰前面的computer.
8.Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging.
火星上的生活，不仅有挑战性，还很有趣。
as well as 不但...而且，既...又
注意：这一短语在译成中文时，应先译as well as 后面的内容，再译前面的。当as well as 与主语连用时，在意义上强调前者，谓语动词应与其前的主语保持一致。
He as well as his friends likes going shopping.
语法部分：
一、单项选择
1. —So, can you tell me ______ here today?
—Well, I was walking down Centre Street when a UFO landed.
A. what did you see B. what you saw
C. when did you see it D. when you saw
2. —Jack, could you tell me for travelling this summer?
—We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.
A. where your family will go B. how will your family go
C. how your family will go D. where will your family go
3. —Do you know ______ the meeting?
—Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have D. when are they going to have
4. —David, could you tell me ______?
—Every four years.
A. when the 2014 World Cup will finish
B. how often the World Cup takes place
C. how many teams take part in the World Cup
D. who may score the most goals in the World Cup
5. —Can you tell me ______?
—In three days.
A. when will they go to the Science Museum
B. how long they have been in New York
C. how soon they will go to see the children left at home
D. what time will they attend the meeting
6. —Could you tell me _______?
—In August, 2014.
A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place
B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place
C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place
D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place
7. —Excuse me, could you tell me ______?
—Go along this street until you see some buildings with golden roofs.
A. how I can go to Tianning Temple (天宁寺)
B. how often you go to Tianning Temple
C. how soon you will go to Tianning Temple
D. how many times you have been to Tianning Temple
8. —I don’t understand _______.
—I’m sorry. But I was doing my homework.
A. why you didn’t watch the football match
B. why didn’t you watch the football match
C. why you don’t watch the football match
D. why don’t you watch the football match
9. —Could you tell me _____ yuanxiao in china?
—Usually at Lantern Festival.
A. when do people eat B. how do people eat
C. when people eat D. how people ear
【答案】 BABBC DAAC
二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The National Day we were looking forward to _____________(come) at last.
2. The clean water ____________(provide) for the people in the disaster areas as soon as it arrives.
3. The project they had worked on for a long time_______(prove) to be a big success.
4. The sunlight we are all used to _____________(include) seven different colours.
5. Do you know who the teachers had ________________(represent) our school to attend the meeting?
6. The life that we are used to _______________ (change) greatly since the 1990s.
7. Mother promises to buy him a new computer _____________（connect）to the Internet if he successfully takes on the new challenge.
8. The science fiction books John looks forward to _______________(sell) well on the market.
9. I tried many ways I could think of _______ (stop) the little boy from crying.
【答案】
1. came 2. provided 3. proved 4. includes 5. represent 6. has changed
7. connected 8. sell 9. to stop
词汇句型部分：
一、单项选择
1.It’s necessary to cover your nose and mouth while sneezing because viruses usually float the air us.
A .in ；in B.around；in C. in；around D.around ；around
2. --Let’s play a game on Mars，shall we？
--Ok，though I prefer a game on TV.
A .watch B .to watch C. watching D. to watching
3 .—Do you still remember the amount of money in the bank?
--- Of course. What’s wrong?
A.store B .storing C .is stored D. stored
4.The film Big Here 6 is interesting, ?
A .is it B.are they C .aren’t they D.isn’t it
5. According to the guide living on Mars, there is traffic air pollution .
A.to ; of B.of ;without C.to; without D. of; of
6.The number of the students in our school about eight hundred .
A .are B.were C.is D.be
7.I think our spacecraft are slow carry large number of people to Mars at present .
A.so;that B. such;that C.too;to D.enough;to
8. ---The advantages of the Chongqi Bridge have already been seen .
--- good news to us !
A.What B .What a C.How D.How a
9.I’d rather the party a song than a dance.
A .to start;with B. starting;to C .start;with D.to start ;to
10.There are teachers in our school,and . of them are women teachers .
A.two hundreds; three-fouth B.two hundred; three-fouths
C.two hundred; third-fouths D.two hundreds; three-fouths
11.Why not your brother a message for us ?
A.have;take B.to have;to take C.have;to take D.tohave;take
12.---What do you think of the film Titantic 3D? .
--- It’s fantastic.The only pity is that I the beginning of it.
A.was missing B. miss C .will miss D.missed
13. Can you tell me in the future ?
A how life will be like B. how will life be like
C what life will be like D .what will life be like
14.________cars,bicycles have many advantages.
A.Compare with B.Compared with
C.Compare for D.To compare for
【答案】1---5.CBDDC 6---10. CCACB 11---13.ADCB
二、单词拼写
1．Look! Some fish are dead. The water in the river must be_______（被污染的）．
2．The bus is old and dirty. It makes my journey_______（不舒服的）．
3．When speaking to a_______（陌生人），you'd better be careful.
4. We have to explore the_______（可能性）of working with them.
5.1 will not pay the_______（增加）in my bills unless you make all this clear.
6. She changed her clothes_______（迅速地）and went outside.
7. The train stopped suddenly and all the_______（乘客）were worried.
8．The cookies are so_______（味道好的）that I can hardly stop eating.
9. Have you ever thought of moving to another_______（行星）．
【答案】
1. polluted 2. uncomfortable 3. stranger 4. possibility 5. increase
6. rapidly 7. passengers 8. tasty 9. planet
三、句子翻译
1．我想知道火星上的食物是不是比地球上的更好吃。
_____________________________________________________________________
2．我们的地球正变得越来越拥挤和污染。
_____________________________________________________________________
3．我们班女生的数量仅为男生的三分之一。
_____________________________________________________________________
4．我们有望在火星上重新开始。
_____________________________________________________________________
5．我们一致同意这个计划应该尽快执行。
_____________________________________________________________________
6．你知道将来地球上的生活将会变成什么样吗？
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. I wonder if the food on Mars is tastier than that on the Earth.
2. Our Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.
3. The number of the girls is only one-third of that of the boys in our class.
4. It is hoped that we could start all over again on Mars.
5. We’re in agreement that this plan should be carried out as soon as possible.
6. Do you know what life will be like on the Earth in the future?
