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2022-2023学年黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年黑龙江省大庆铁人中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共32页。
大庆铁人中学2021级高二上学期期末考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分 150 分, 答题时间 120 分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上, 考试结束后只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力 (共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置, 听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15 B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What month is it now?
A. January. B. February. C. March.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: When does your next term start in Canada?
M: In March. Do you start in March as well?
W: No, in my country we start one month earlier than Canada.
M: It’s next month then!
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we know about the boy?
A. He prefers eating cold food.
B. He ate something else in advance.
C. He doesn’t like his mom’s cooking.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Finish your lunch; it’s getting cold, honey.
M: I’d love to, but just can’t. I’m full.
W: Why? It’s not to your liking?
M: Sorry, Mom. Actually, it’s good, but I had some snacks before lunch.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where did the woman go before the meal?
A. To her home. B. To a cinema. C. To a cafe.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I heard you dated James, didn’t you? You are always nervous when going on a first date. Would you mind sharing the story with me?
W: Well, he is a great guy. We had coffee to start, and then we went out to dinner and a movie before he drove me home.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation take place?
A. On a train. B. In an elevator. C. In a taxi.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: How many stops are there till we get off?
W: Come on, buddy, be patient! We are going to the terminal.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did the man get his shirt?
A. From his father. B. From an e-mall. C. From a souvenir shop.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Did you get that from the mall? I heard they are having their team shirts on sale now.
M: My dad got it for me from the stadium’s clothing store. You can order them online, too, if you want.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Who will be the audience for the man’s presentation?
A. His tutor. B. Senior students. C. Freshmen.
7. Where is the presentation going to be held?
A. In the school library. B. In the school theatre. C. In the Students’ Union.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Frank, why have you borrowed so many books from the library?
M: Er, I just have to make a good preparation for my presentation.
W: Presentation? When?
M: Next Friday afternoon. And there will be 40 first-year students there as my audience, but my tutor will be on her business trip then.
W: And the place?
M: We had planned to have it in the Students’ Union, but it’s under maintenance unfortunately, so the school theatre is the final decision.
W: I see. Come on! You will do a great job!
M: Thank you!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. When is the garbage can emptied usually?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday.
9. Where was the announcement posted?
A. On a website. B. On a notice board. C. On the newspaper.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, I am calling to ask about the garbage collection.
W: Yes, how can I help you?
M: Today is what, Thursday, right? But the can hasn’t been emptied yet. I remember it’s always done on Wednesdays. What seems to be the problem?
W: I am sorry! But the cleaning time has changed to Friday because this week we had a day off on Wednesday. We have posted an announcement on our community notice board.
M: Oh, I did not notice that.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. How long has the fridge been used approximately?
A. 9 years. B. 10 years. C. 11 years.
11. What’s wrong with the fridge?
A. It’s too noisy. B. It stops working. C. It costs too much.
12. What was the matter with the door of the fridge?
A It fell down. B. It didn’t stay shut. C. It couldn’t be opened.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, is that the refrigerator service center?
M: Yes. What can I do for you?
W: I am afraid there is something wrong with our fridge. Could you send someone to check it out and get it fixed fast?
M: No problem. But first I have to know how long has it been running?
W: Oh, it’s too old. Let me have a think. Since we moved into the house 9 years ago, the fridge has been in use. But we bought it about one year before we moved here.
M: OK, then what’s the problem with it? Does it stop running?
W: No, it can work, but a little different from usual. It makes too much noise while in operation. We can’t even sleep!
M: OK. I have written it down. By the way, has your fridge been repaired before?
W: Yes, once the door was broken. It couldn’t be closed, so we sent it to the maintainer.
M: Door broken. I have got all the needed information, and will ask the maintainer to help you. Please keep your phone on.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What job does the girl decide to take?
A. Receptionist. B. Manager Assistant. C. Office assistant.
14. What’s the duty of the job?
A. Answering phone calls. B. Making phone calls. C. Talking face to face.
15. What’s the time of the interview?
A. 10:30 a.m. Friday. B. 10:30 a.m. Thursday. C. 11:30 a.m. Friday.
16. Where does this conversation take place?
A. Over the phone. B. On social media. C. In the office.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Morning, Mr. Watson. I’ve decided to take the job you told me yesterday.
M: The office assistant or the receptionist?
W: The former one. I like the job. From it, I can learn much about how to communicate with others, and it can also improve my ability.
M: You are right. As the duty is to answer the phone, you need to communicate with many people.
W: Sounds interesting. And what’s the interview time, Mr. Watson?
M: The interview is on Friday. But before the interview, there will be a written test for you. It is on Thursday.
W: OK. I will prepare for it carefully. But what’s the exact time of the interview?
M: It is at 11:30 a.m., oh, no, 10:30 a.m. on Friday. Don’t worry. You still have several days to go.
W: OK. Thank you very much.
M: Excellent! Now please fill out this form. Here you are.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. When did the speaker buy his ticket?
A. Three months in advance.
B. Five to ten days in advance.
C. Three weeks in advance.
18. How much does a guide generally pay for a plane ticket?
A. Half of the regular fare.
B. One quarter of the regular fare.
C. Two-thirds of the regular fare.
19. Where can senior and youth passes be used?
A. In India. B. In Europe. C. In Japan.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. How to buy train tickets.
B. How to travel on a plane.
C. How to travel for less.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】Do you know how to get inexpensive airline and train tickets? On a recent flight, Laura was chatting happily with me in the seat until the conversation turned to fares. I bought my ticket 3 weeks in advance and paid $148. Laura paid the full fare of $480. She decided that next time she would find out how to travel for less. Here are some useful ways to travel for less. Cheap airline tickets. To fly for less money, you can buy non-refundable plane tickets 2 or 3 months before your trip. The cheapest way to fly is as a guide. In return for the service in a travel agency, you get a plane ticket that costs as little as one quarter of the regular fare or even less if the agency needs someone at the last minute. Recently, a guide flew a round trip from New York to Hong Kong for $100; a regular ticket costs around $1,800. Train passes. If you are going to do a lot of travelling by train, a train pass will save your money. Train passes can be especially useful in India, which has the world’s largest rail system, in Japan, where trains are fast and convenient, and in Europe, where trains go to over 30,000 cities. The Rail Europe Group even offers senior passes for those of 60 years of age and over, youth passes for those under 26 years of age, and provides a great bargain.
第二部分 阅读理解(共 20 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 50 分)
第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
Art Science Museum, Singapore
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade (滨海步道) and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 meters down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. The building so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Algae House, Hamburg
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae (水藻). In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Creating building such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
21. Which of the following is NOT the reason why architects continue to explore nature?
A. To imitate the way nature works. B. To make nature part of architecture.
C. To capture the beauty of nature. D. To make natural organisms alive.
22. How can the Algae House reduce damage to the environment?
A. By using less energy. B. By providing shade for people
C. By capturing heat from the sun. D. By producing its own renewable energy.
23. In which magazine would you most likely find the passage?
A. Architecture Frontier. B. Extraordinary Architects.
C. Natural World. D. Living on Earth.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个融入自然元素的建筑设计。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. (今天，建筑师们继续探索捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然的运作方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。)”可知，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然是为了捕捉自然之美、模仿大自然的工作方式和使自然成为建筑的一部分，文中没有提到建筑师们想使自然生物存活这一点，由此可知，“使自然生物存活”不是建筑师继续探索自然的原因。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The Algae House, Hamburg部分的“The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. (因此，该建筑不仅对环境做出反应，使用更少的能源，而且还通过产生自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。)”可知，海藻屋通过自身产生的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏，由此可知，海藻屋通过自行产生可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章，根据文章第一段“Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. (大自然激发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计。今天，建筑师们继续探索捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然的运作方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。)”可知，文章与建筑设计有关，由此可推知，你最有可能在《建筑前沿》这本杂志上找到这篇文章。故选A。
B
First, all participants found it quite easy to link colors and emotions. This was particularly true for colors like red, black, or yellow. Other colors, like brown and purple, received fewer associations. We found that colour-emotion associations were not one-to-one, but many-to-many.
Participants did not select one emotion for a colour, but often chose several emotions. In turn, different colors were linked to the same emotion, like pleasure, which was associated with red but also yellow, orange, pink and purple.
What you can also see is that most colors were associated with positive emotions. Only brown, grey and black—that is, darker colors—were associated with negative emotions. Red was the most controversial colour. For some, it was a very positive colour—the colour of passion, love and desire. For others, it was a negative colour—the colour of danger, anger and hate. For even others, it was both positive and negative. What connects all these emotions and ideas is the fact that red is activating and strong.
Second, we found few cultural differences. In other words, many colour-emotion associations seemed universal. Most participants agreed that pink was associated with love and pleasure, yellow with joy and amusement, or that black was the saddest colour.
Third, if you are interested in cultural differences, we found some specificities too. For example, in addition to the universal associations of love and anger with red, Chinese participants also associated joy and amusement, while Nigerian participants additionally associated fear with red. Another example is the association between purple and sadness that only Greek participants chose. For others, purple was generally a positive colour with very little agreement on the exact emotions associated with purple.
Fourth, participants whose languages were more similar to each other also had more similar associations. To arrive at this finding, we estimated the degree of linguistic (语言的) similarity between two languages, which shows how related or unrelated they are. And then, languages from different language families, like English and Chinese, would have the lowest similarity scores.
24. Which colour is most likely to cause controversy?
A. Black. B. Red. C. Yellow. D. Brown.
25. What is pink associated with according to most participants?
A. Love and pleasure. B. Joy and amusement.
C. Anger and sadness. D. Fear and disappointment.
26. Which group of people associate purple with sadness?
A. Chinese participants. B. Nigerian participants.
C. Greek participants. D. English participants.
27 What’s the best title of the text?
A. The Deep Meaning of Colours
B. The Link Between Colours and Emotions
C. Cultural Differences in Different Countries
D. Linguistic Similarity Between Two Languages
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探究颜色与情感之间的联系。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Red was the most controversial colour. (红色是最具争议的颜色。)”可知，红色最可能引发争议。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Most participants agreed that pink was associated with love and pleasure, yellow with joy and amusement, or that black was the saddest colour. (大多数参与者都认为粉红色与爱和快乐有关，黄色与快乐和娱乐有关，黑色是最悲伤的颜色。)”可知，大多数参与者都认为粉红色与爱和快乐有关，故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Another example is the association between purple and sadness that only Greek participants chose. (另一个例子是紫色和悲伤之间的联系，只有希腊参与者选择。)”可知，希腊的参与者认为这紫色与悲伤有关，故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“First, all participants found it quite easy to link colors and emotions. This was particularly true for colors like red, black, or yellow. Other colors, like brown and purple, received fewer associations. We found that colour-emotion associations were not one-to-one, but many-to-many. (首先，所有参与者都发现很容易将颜色和情感联系起来。对于红色，黑色或黄色等颜色尤其如此。其他颜色，如棕色和紫色，收到的关联较少。我们发现颜色与情感的联系不是一对一的，而是多对多的。)”可知文章主要探究颜色与情感之间的联系。故文章的标题是The Link Between Colours and Emotions。故选B。
C
Zheng Qinwen announced herself as a major new force in women’s tennis with an important French Open debut(首秀) last month. Now the Chinese teenager hopes the fighting spirit she showed at the Grand Slam (大满贯) tournament can encourage kids starting out in the sport to chase their dreams on the court with the same determination.
“If tennis is your dream, I think you always have to fight for your dream. Because we only have one life, you shouldn’t have any regrets,” Zheng said last week in an interview.
The 19-year-old showed she possesses the talent to be a contender at the very top level of tennis with a breakout campaign at French Open.
Accounting for two-time Grand Slam winner Simona Halep along the way, Zheng’s journey was ended in the fourth round by a three-set defeat to eventual champion Iga Swiatek. Zheng, though, gave the Polish world No. 1 a big scare, battling back from 3-0 down in the first set to force and win a tiebreak(平分决胜局).
“That was the first time I had played against the world No.1, so I really wanted to grab this chance so I could judge her level and test myself,” said Zheng. “I didn’t want to give her the match so easy like that. It was pretty difficult for me to hold on in that match because of what my body was going through, but I wanted to show her I’m not easily beaten.”
Looking back at Zheng Qinwen’s performances in this year’s French Open, there’s no doubt that she’s a true fighter. Zheng says she avoids being discouraged by higher-ranked opponents by simply focusing on the next point, one shot at a time. Supported by her team, she hopes she can one day win a Grand Slam title.
Zheng’s impressive French Open run has inevitably(不可避免地) led to comparisons with China’s solitary Grand Slam singles champion Li Na, who won the 2011 French Open and 2014 Australian Open titles.
“When I was a kid, Li Na showed that Asian people also can do something really good in tennis. She was the first one. I will just focus on my own game and then let’s see if I can really compete at the highest level,” said Zheng.
28. What does the underlined word “contender” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Competitor B. Announcer. C. Campaigner. D. Designer.
29. What is the result of the match between Zheng and Iga Swiatek?
A. Iga Swiatek beat Zheng easily.
B. Zheng lost to Iga Swiatek at last.
C. Zheng won the match despite her pain.
D. Iga Swiatek lost because of her mistakes.
30. Why is Li Na mentioned in paragraph 7?
A. To show how excellent Zheng Qinwen is.
B. To prove failure is the mother of success.
C. To explain why Li Na has achieved a lot.
D. To compare the difference between Zheng Qinwen and Li Na.
31. Which of the following can best describe Zheng Qinwen?
A. Optimistic and generous B. Adventurous and realistic.
C. Independent and helpful D. Struggling and determined.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了19岁的网球选手郑钦文在法网公开赛中取得了不俗的成绩，表明了自己是女子网球的重要新生力量。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“The 19-year-old showed she possesses the talent to be a contender at the very top level of tennis with a breakout campaign at French Open.(这位19岁的女孩在法网公开赛上展示了她有成为一名顶级网球contender的天赋。)”和第一段中“Zheng Qinwen announced herself as a major new force in women’s tennis with an important French Open debut(首秀) last month.(上个月，郑钦文在法网公开赛上首次亮相，宣布自己是女子网球的重要新生力量。)”可知，郑钦文在法网公开赛首次亮相证明了自己的实力，这说明她有成为顶级网球选手的天赋，由此可知，划线单词contender意为“选手”，与competitor(选手)意思一样，故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Zheng’s journey was ended in the fourth round by a three-set defeat to eventual champion Iga Swiatek.(郑征程在第四轮以三盘败给最终的冠军Iga Swiatek而告终。)”可知，最终郑钦文输给了Iga Swiatek，故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段“Zheng’s impressive French Open run has inevitably(不可避免地) led to comparisons with China’s solitary Grand Slam singles champion Li Na, who won the 2011 French Open and 2014 Australian Open titles.( 郑令人印象深刻的法网表现，不可避免地让人们将她与中国单打大满贯冠军李娜相提并论。李娜赢得了2011年法网和2014年澳网的冠军。)”可知，李娜是很优秀的网球运动员，郑钦文的出色表现让人们将她与李娜相提并论。由此可推知，第七段提及李娜是为了表明郑钦文在网球方面也很优秀，故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段““If tennis is your dream, I think you always have to fight for your dream. Because we only have one life, you shouldn’t have any regrets,” Zheng said last week in an interview.( “如果网球是你的梦想，我认为你必须为你的梦想而奋斗。因为我们只有一次生命，你不应该有任何遗憾，”郑在上周的一次采访中说。)”可知，郑钦文为了自己的梦想很努力。根据第五段中“I didn’t want to give her the match so easy like that. It was pretty difficult for me to hold on in that match because of what my body was going through, but I wanted to show her I’m not easily beaten(我不想这么让她那么容易地赢得比赛。对于我来说，在那场比赛中坚持下来是很困难的，这是因为我的身体状况，但是我想让她知道我不是那么容易被打败的)”可知，郑钦文很有决心，由此可知，郑钦文是一个努力且有决心的人，故选D。
D
On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future.
Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission.
Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.”
Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.
The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIACube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.
32. What is the purpose of the DART mission?
A. To destroy Dimorphos completely.
B. To change the orbit of Dimorphos.
C. To track potentially dangerous asteroids.
D. To prevent Dimorphos from hitting the Earth.
33. How can we describe the test according to Andrea Riley?
A. Better late than never.
B. Rob Peter to pay Paul.
C. Prepare for a rainy day.
D. Bark up the wrong tree.
34. Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4?
A. To prove the significance of DART’s success.
B. To present the effect of the largest extinction events on humans.
C. To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes.
D. To show the necessity of conducting research on natural disasters.
35. What is LICIACube intended for?
A. Recording the crash test with photos.
B. Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface.
C. Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft.
D. Increasing the force of crashing the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国国家航天局完成了让太空飞船撞击小行星的测试，成功使小行星偏转，这是世界上首次进行行星防御试验。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit.(目标不是摧毁这颗小行星，而是改变它的轨道)”可知，DART任务的目标是改变小行星Dimorphos的轨道。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,’ said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. ‘This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.’(‘如果你要为行星防御做这件事，你会提前5年、10年、15年或20年，让这项技术发挥作用。’美国宇航局项目主管Andrea Riley说。‘这就是我们进行测试的原因。我们希望现在就行动，而不是等到真正有需要的时候。’)”可知，Andrea Riley认为这项测试是提前为行星防御作准备，是未雨绸缪的行为。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history.(例如，大约6600万年前，一颗直径约6到9英里的小行星在现在的尤卡坦半岛撞击了地球。由此产生的撞击是灾难性的，造成了地球历史上最大的灭绝事件之一)”举例说明小行星撞击地球造成的灾难性的后果，结合本段最后两句“Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.(因此，DART的成功是保护地球免受小行星潜在破坏的重要一步。这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害)”可知，本段提及小行星撞击地球造成灾难性后果的事例，是为了表明DART成功的重要意义，这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害，故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.(LICIACube留在小行星周围轨道上，拍摄了撞击和小行星表面喷出物质的照片)”可知，LICIACube飞船的目的是用照片记录撞击试验。故选A。
第二节 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a good idea for everyone to know first aid techniques. ___36___ because most outdoor activities take participants (参与者) away from populated (人口密集的) areas.
___37___ if you’re hiking or mountain biking away from populated areas. First is that an accident or a health event can happen anytime and, secondly, help may take a while to reach you. Depending on your location, the first aid skills of a friend or a nearby stranger may mean the difference between life and death. In most cases, a person trained in first aid care is unlikely to be around. ___38___ if we know some basic things about first aid.
A major health event can occur anytime at any place, so getting trained in first aid can ensure you’ll be able to help those in need. ___39___. When different types of conditions present themselves, treatment in the first 10 minutes can change that person’s chance of survival.
First aid knowledge could save your own life. It’s likely that an accident could occur in a situation where no one is trained to give first aid. Get trained, and you may be able to instruct others on how to properly treat you or apply first aid techniques yourself, depending on the situation. ___40___.
A. Chances of survival are increased
B. There are two things you must be aware of
C. You may be the only one in a group to have the knowledge
D. In either case, your chances of full recovery are greatly improved
E. By taking a special course, you’ll be able to respond immediately
F. There may also be some situations that require this type of training
G. But it may be even more important for those who live an active outdoor lifestyle
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解急救知识的好处。
【36题详解】
上文“It’s a good idea for everyone to know first aid techniques.(对每个人来说，了解急救技术是个好主意)”提到最好要了解急救技巧，根据下文“because most outdoor activities take participants (参与者) away from populated(人口密集的) areas.(因为大多数户外活动都需要参与者远离人口密集的地区)”可知，空处应是描述急救技巧和户外活动的联系，G项“但对于那些户外生活方式活跃的人来说，这可能更重要”符合语境。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据下文“…if you’re hiking or mountain biking away from populated areas. First is that an accident or a health event can happen anytime and, secondly, help may take a while to reach you.(……如果你在远离人口稠密地区的地方徒步旅行或骑山地自行车。首先，事故或健康事件随时可能发生，其次，帮助可能需要一段时间才能到达你身边)”可知，此处是说如果在人烟稀少的地方徒步旅行或骑山地自行车要明白两件事，B项“你必须明白两件事”符合语境。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据上文“In most cases, a person trained in first aid care is unlikely to be around.(在大多数情况下，接受过急救训练人不太可能在场)”及下文“if we know some basic things about first aid.(如果我们了解一些基本的急救知识)”可知，急救人员不在场的情况下，如果我们自己了解急救知识，就会增加生存的机会，故A项“生存的机会就会增加”符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】
上文“so getting trained in first aid can ensure you’ll be able to help those in need(因此接受急救培训可以确保你能够帮助那些需要帮助的人)”提到接受急救培训可以确保你能够帮助那些需要帮助的人，E项“通过上一门特殊的课程，你就能立即做出反应”与上文语义一致。故选E。
【40题详解】
上文“Get trained, and you may be able to instruct others on how to properly treat you or apply first aid techniques yourself, depending on the situation.(如果接受了培训，取决于不同的情况，你可以指导别人如何正确治疗你或你自己实施急救技巧)”提到接受急救培训对自己有帮助的两种情况，如果自己发生意外，可以指导别人如何正确给自己治疗，也可以自己施救，D项“无论哪种情况，你完全康复的机会都大大提高了”符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共25小题;满分 30 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播). In the photo, a 20-year-old firefighter, Zhang Zili, was ____41____holding a 2-month-old baby,_____42_____the hearts of people. People nouiced the word “Wenchuan” on Zhang’s left armband. Zhang, born in 2002 in a county neighboring Wenchuan, was hence lovingly referred to as “Wenchuan Brother”.
On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____43____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck. He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____44____what was going on.____45____, the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue. He ____46____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____47____ and offered instant noodles to locals. One ____48____even hugged and comforted Zhang, saying “Don’t be ____49____,we are here now”. The words left a deep impression on Zhang.
This year, when the Wenchuan brigade(消防队)was _____50_____firefighters, he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers. In less than four months, he has taken part in several forest firefighting _____51_____and rescue operations. By Thursday, Zhang’s brigade had urgently _____52_____two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.
Actually, many Wenchuan Brothers have participated in the search and rescue operations for the Luding earthquake. Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are _____53_____from Wenchuan. With an average age of 27, they _____54_____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing_____55_____difficulties.
41. A. firmly B. relaxingly C. eagerly D. tenderly
42. A. touching B. breaking C. opening D. freezing
43. A. Chinese B. sports C. maths D. music
44. A. wondering B. doubting C. expecting D. knowing
45. A. Long before B. Shortly afterwards C. To their surprise D. As a consequence
46. A. acknowledged B. indicated C. recalled D. commented
47. A. tents B. bridges C. roads D. houses
48. A. classmate B. teacher C. parent D. soldier
49. A. hesitant B. afraid C. angry D. shy
50. A. training B. organizing C. recruiting D. calling
51. A. scenes B. missions C. procedures D. routines
52. A. set up B. made up C. built up D. taken up
53. A. volunteers B. members C. immigrants D. locals
54. A. understood B. imagined C. experienced D. remembered
55. A. particular B. endless C. similar D. increasing
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“汶川哥哥”张自立：6岁经历地震，长大后当上消防员。在泸定地震救援中，他抱着一名婴儿转移的照片感动网友。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. firmly坚定地；B. relaxingly轻松地；C. eagerly渴望地；D. tenderly温柔地。根据“holding a 2-month-old baby,”可知，因为抱着的是一个2个月大的婴儿，所以是轻轻地，温柔地抱着。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. touching感动；B. breaking打破；C. opening打开；D. freezing冻结。根据“A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播).”和“the hearts of people”可知，照片能够迅速走红，是因为这张照片感动了人们的心。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2008年5月12日，当里氏8.0级地震发生时，张正在上体育课。A. Chinese语文；B. sports体育；C. maths数学；D. music音乐。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，地震时在操场上，所以推断当时正在上体育课。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和他的同学在操场上哭，不知道发生了什么。A. wondering想知道；B. doubting怀疑；C. expecting期望；D. knowing知道。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground,”可知，哭的原因是不知道发生了什么。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：不久之后，中国人民解放军前来救援。A. Long before很近以前；B. Shortly afterwards此后不久；C. To their surprise令他们失望的是；D. As a consequence结果。根据“the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue.”可知，这里指地震不久之后，军队救援来了。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. acknowledged承认；B. indicated指示；C. recalled回忆；D. commented评论。根据“how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，这里指后来张自立回忆解放军士兵地震救援的场面。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. tents帐篷；B. bridges桥；C. roads道路；D. houses房子。根据“On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____3____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck.”可知，因为发生的是8级大地震，所以搭建的是帐篷。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. classmate同学；B. teacher教师；C. parent父母；D. soldier士兵。根据“He ____6____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，当时一名解放军士兵拥抱并安慰张自立。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. hesitant犹豫的；B. afraid害怕的；C. angry生气的；D. shy害羞的。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，张自立和同学们因为害怕大哭，所以解放军士兵安慰他不要害怕。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，当汶川大队招募消防员时，他毫不犹豫地加入了，希望能像解放军战士一样救人。A. training培训；B. organizing组织；C. recruiting征兵；招募；D. calling打电话。根据“he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers.”可知，这里指汶川招募消防员，张自立毫不犹豫加入。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在不到四个月的时间里，他参加了几次森林消防任务和救援行动。A. scenes情景；B. missions使命、任务；C. procedures程序；D. routines常规。根据“and rescue operations.”可知，这里指故张自立当上消防员之后，参加森林灭火任务。选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：到周四，张的队伍已经在婴儿所在的村庄紧急建立了两条救援通道，将村民们运送过来。A. set up建立；B. made up组成；C. built up建立；D. taken up占据。根据“two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.”可知，为了转移村民而建立的救援通道。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在来自汶川大队的74人中，很多是汶川本地人。 A. volunteers志愿者；B. members成员；C. immigrants移民；D. locals当地人。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing____15____difficulties.”可知，这支消防大队中，很多都是汶川本地人。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. understood理解；B. imagined想象；C. experienced体验、经历；D. remembered记得。根据“Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are ____13____from Wenchuan.”可知，因为是汶川本地人，所以经历了地震。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. particular特别的；B. endless无止境的；C. similar相似的、同样的；D. increasing增加的。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake”可知，因为经历过汶川地震，所以希望帮助面临同样困难的人。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
语法填空
Antarctica is a place of extremes. It is the coldest, highest, driest and windiest continent on Earth. Antarctica is a continent ___56___ (cover) by an inland ice sheet up to 4.8km thick, ___57___ (hold) about 90% of the world’s fresh water. The ice sheet is ___58___ heavy that it has pushed the land below sea level in places.
The South Pole is 1, 235km from the closest coastline and is located high on the polar plateau (高原) (height 2, 800m). Here it may be as cold as - 75℃ , but the world’s ___59___ (low) temperature record is from an even more remote Antarctic station, Vostok, ___60___ recorded a temperature of -89℃.
Only about 0.4% of the surface of Antarctica is free ___61___ snow and ice. The tops of mountains stick up through the ice — the highest is Mount Vinson, 4,900m above sea level.
Over the past few decades, Britain ___62___ (play) a major role in the exploration and study of Antarctica. Captain James Cook was the first person ___63___ (cross) the Antarctic circle in ___64___ 1770s. Later explorations involved searching for commercial (商业的) opportunities, usually hunting for seals or whales. At the start of the twentieth century, ___65___(explore) Scott and Shackleton made scientific explorations, a tradition which continues to the present.
【答案】56. covered
57. holding
58. so 59. lowest
60. which 61. of##from
62. has played
63. to cross
64. the 65. explorers
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了南极洲的地理环境，南极洲在探索和研究中的作用。
【56题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：南极洲是一个被内陆冰盖覆盖的大陆，厚度达4.8公里，拥有世界上约90%的淡水。短语be covered by意为“被……覆盖”，这里用过去分词作定语。故填covered。
【57题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：南极洲是一个被内陆冰盖覆盖的大陆，厚度达4.8公里，拥有世界上约90%的淡水。结合句意及提示词可知，空处hold和句子主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填holding。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：冰盖是如此之重，以至于它在某些地方将陆地推到了海平面以下。根据句意及空后的heavy that可知，that为连词，引导结果状语从句，空处应为so…that…结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。故填so。
【59题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这里可能冷至-75°C，但世界上最低的温度记录来自更偏远的南极站东方号，该站记录的温度为-89°C。根据句意可知，此处是将南极点和南极站东方号及其他地区进行温度比较，结合空前定冠词the及提示词low，空处应为最高级。故填lowest。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这里可能冷至-75°C，但世界上最低的温度记录来自更偏远的南极站东方号，该站记录的温度为-89°C。结合句意及句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Antarctic station，关系代词在从句中做主语，故填which。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：只有大约0.4%的南极洲表面没有冰雪。结合句意可知，空处表示“没有”，短语be free of/from意为“没有”，故of/from。
【62题详解】
考查现在完成时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，英国在南极洲的探索和研究中发挥了重要作用。根据空前Over the past few decades可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语为Britain是单数，故填has played。
【63题详解】
考查不定式。句意：詹姆斯·库克船长是18世纪70年代第一个穿越南极圈的人。the first person to do sth表示“第一个做某事的人”，故填to cross。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：詹姆斯·库克船长是18世纪70年代第一个穿越南极圈的人。根据空后1770s表示年代，故要用定冠词。故填the。
【65题详解】
考查名词复数。二十世纪初，探险家斯科特和沙克尔顿进行了科学探索，这一传统一直延续到现在。根据空后Scott and Shackleton及提示词explore，空处应为名词且为复数，表示的是Scott 和Shackleton这两位探险家。故填explorers。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分25分)
66. 你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“How to Face Failure” 为题写一篇发言稿参赛, 内容包括：
1.分析失败对我们的影响
2.提出面对失败的一些建议
注意：
1.词数100左右
2.题目已为你写好
How to Face Failure
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Failure is the most common thing in our daily life. We can encounter a number of difficulties and failures everywhere. Therefore, how to face failure is of vital importance.
Undoubtedly, no one likes failure. It makes us feel down and even brings terrible consequences, some of which we can’t bear. However, it is advisable for us to know that we can have a better understanding of our shortcomings. When it comes to how to face failure, my suggestions are as follows. Firstly, I will reflect on myself and try to find out the main reason. Meanwhile, I will also share my sorrow with my teachers and friends who will give me more reasonable and practical advice to overcome failure. More importantly, home is the best harbor. Therefore, turn to your parents for help, if necessary.
All in all, don’t be afraid to face failure, which will be the foundation of success.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生请你以“How to Face Failure”为题写一篇发言稿参赛, 内容包括：1.分析失败对我们的影响；2.提出面对失败的一些建议
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要：importance→significance
容忍：bear→tolerate
首先：firstly→to begin with
帮助：help→assistance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：More importantly, home is the best harbor.
拓展句：More importantly, home is the best harbor, which gives you comfort when you face difficulty.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
However, it is advisable for us to know that we can have a better understanding of our shortcomings.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Meanwhile, I will also share my sorrow with my teachers and friends who will give me more reasonable and practical advice to overcome failure.（运用了who引导定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The last race of the day was over. My breathing gradually stilled along with the ripples (波纹) in the pool, but I stayed in the water, watching sadly as the winners gathered for the medals ceremony.
“Don’t look so sad,” I heard a voice say behind me. I turned around to see a tall, blond, blue-eyed man standing on the edge of the pool. “You came in fourth, but you are the best in your country.” he said smiling,“I’m Ken Schafer, and you?”
“Rima Datta.”
“And how old are you, Rima?”
“Fourteen, Sir.”I replied lifting myself out of the water. Ken was a swimming coach from California and asked me about my life as a swimmer until then.
My eldest brother, Anil, had taught me how to swim, but I had no real training until I was nine when a coach from the National Institute of Sports came for just three months a year to train the boys at Mayo College, where our father taught. She set aside a couple of hours a week for the daughters of the staff. It was she who had corrected my mistakes and encouraged me to take part in competitions.
Surprised to hear how little steady training I had had, Ken introduced me to the National Institute of Sports in Patiala to be trained in this summer. The train was hard, and I felt quite lonely away from my parents and all that was familiar. But it was Ken,with his tireless enthusiasm, his passion for swimming, and his faith in me that kept me focused.
I won my first gold medal at the national championship that year, a fact that filled me with immense joy and Ken with a sense of satisfaction that his work with me was paying off. Yet he realized that what I really needed was a team to train with and steady coaching year-round.
Then he persuaded my parents to allow me to go to California and train there for a year. He even helped find out a host family for me.
续写要求：
1.续写词数应为100词左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Alone on the long flight to Los Angeles, I was filled with doubts, as I had never lived with a strange family.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Alone on the long flight to Los Angeles, I was filled with doubts, as I had never lived with a strange family. How would I manage to live with people I had never met before? What if I didn’t get along well with the host family? Would I fit in? From the first moment at the airport where they had come to pick me up, I knew things would be all right. “Hi, I’m Henry. Nice to see you, Rima.” A boy with a bright smile said. “Nice to see you, too,” I said in a low voice. Then homestay father introduced family members to me and added, “Take it easy, Boy. You’ll feel at home here. And we’ll have steaks tonight! Hope you’ll enjoy it!” He patted my shoulder and then put my suitcase in the trunk of his car. I knew I could not find a kinder, more generous family than theirs.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。游泳运动员Rima Datta在游泳比赛中却没有获得冠军，很失落时遇到了Ken Schafer。在得知Rima没有受过稳定的训练后，Ken将Rima介绍进国家体育学院，让Rima在夏天接受训练。之后，Rima赢得了第一枚金牌，但是，Ken认为Rima需要一起训练的团队，因此Ken试图让Rima去加州训练一年，并帮助Rima找到当地的寄宿家庭。在见到当地的寄宿家庭并和这家人相处后，Rima放下心来，他们相处得十分融洽。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由首句内容“在飞往洛杉矶的长途航班上，我独自一人，心中充满了疑惑，因为我从来没有和一个陌生的家庭生活过。”可知，第一段可描写作者在飞机上内心忐忑和见到寄宿家庭后的感受。
2.续写线索：内心忐忑——遇见寄宿家庭——和谐相处
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.成功做：manage to do/succeed in doing
②.友好相处：get along well/be on good terms with
情绪类
①.疑虑：doubts/uncertainty
②.感觉轻松（自在）：feel at home/feel ease
【点睛】[高分句型1].From the first moment at the airport where they had come to pick me up, I knew things would be all right. （由关系副词where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2].I knew I could not find a kinder, more generous family than theirs.（省略连接词that的宾语从句）
大庆铁人中学2021级高二上学期期末考试
英语试题
试题说明：1、本试题满分 150 分, 答题时间 120 分钟。
2、请将答案填写在答题卡上, 考试结束后只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力 (共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置, 听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15 B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What month is it now?
A. January. B. February. C. March.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: When does your next term start in Canada?
M: In March. Do you start in March as well?
W: No, in my country we start one month earlier than Canada.
M: It’s next month then!
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we know about the boy?
A. He prefers eating cold food.
B. He ate something else in advance.
C. He doesn’t like his mom’s cooking.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Finish your lunch; it’s getting cold, honey.
M: I’d love to, but just can’t. I’m full.
W: Why? It’s not to your liking?
M: Sorry, Mom. Actually, it’s good, but I had some snacks before lunch.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where did the woman go before the meal?
A. To her home. B. To a cinema. C. To a cafe.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I heard you dated James, didn’t you? You are always nervous when going on a first date. Would you mind sharing the story with me?
W: Well, he is a great guy. We had coffee to start, and then we went out to dinner and a movie before he drove me home.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation take place?
A. On a train. B. In an elevator. C. In a taxi.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: How many stops are there till we get off?
W: Come on, buddy, be patient! We are going to the terminal.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How did the man get his shirt?
A. From his father. B. From an e-mall. C. From a souvenir shop.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Did you get that from the mall? I heard they are having their team shirts on sale now.
M: My dad got it for me from the stadium’s clothing store. You can order them online, too, if you want.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Who will be the audience for the man’s presentation?
A. His tutor. B. Senior students. C. Freshmen.
7. Where is the presentation going to be held?
A. In the school library. B. In the school theatre. C. In the Students’ Union.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Frank, why have you borrowed so many books from the library?
M: Er, I just have to make a good preparation for my presentation.
W: Presentation? When?
M: Next Friday afternoon. And there will be 40 first-year students there as my audience, but my tutor will be on her business trip then.
W: And the place?
M: We had planned to have it in the Students’ Union, but it’s under maintenance unfortunately, so the school theatre is the final decision.
W: I see. Come on! You will do a great job!
M: Thank you!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. When is the garbage can emptied usually?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday.
9. Where was the announcement posted?
A. On a website. B. On a notice board. C. On the newspaper.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, I am calling to ask about the garbage collection.
W: Yes, how can I help you?
M: Today is what, Thursday, right? But the can hasn’t been emptied yet. I remember it’s always done on Wednesdays. What seems to be the problem?
W: I am sorry! But the cleaning time has changed to Friday because this week we had a day off on Wednesday. We have posted an announcement on our community notice board.
M: Oh, I did not notice that.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. How long has the fridge been used approximately?
A. 9 years. B. 10 years. C. 11 years.
11. What’s wrong with the fridge?
A. It’s too noisy. B. It stops working. C. It costs too much.
12. What was the matter with the door of the fridge?
A It fell down. B. It didn’t stay shut. C. It couldn’t be opened.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, is that the refrigerator service center?
M: Yes. What can I do for you?
W: I am afraid there is something wrong with our fridge. Could you send someone to check it out and get it fixed fast?
M: No problem. But first I have to know how long has it been running?
W: Oh, it’s too old. Let me have a think. Since we moved into the house 9 years ago, the fridge has been in use. But we bought it about one year before we moved here.
M: OK, then what’s the problem with it? Does it stop running?
W: No, it can work, but a little different from usual. It makes too much noise while in operation. We can’t even sleep!
M: OK. I have written it down. By the way, has your fridge been repaired before?
W: Yes, once the door was broken. It couldn’t be closed, so we sent it to the maintainer.
M: Door broken. I have got all the needed information, and will ask the maintainer to help you. Please keep your phone on.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What job does the girl decide to take?
A. Receptionist. B. Manager Assistant. C. Office assistant.
14. What’s the duty of the job?
A. Answering phone calls. B. Making phone calls. C. Talking face to face.
15. What’s the time of the interview?
A. 10:30 a.m. Friday. B. 10:30 a.m. Thursday. C. 11:30 a.m. Friday.
16. Where does this conversation take place?
A. Over the phone. B. On social media. C. In the office.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Morning, Mr. Watson. I’ve decided to take the job you told me yesterday.
M: The office assistant or the receptionist?
W: The former one. I like the job. From it, I can learn much about how to communicate with others, and it can also improve my ability.
M: You are right. As the duty is to answer the phone, you need to communicate with many people.
W: Sounds interesting. And what’s the interview time, Mr. Watson?
M: The interview is on Friday. But before the interview, there will be a written test for you. It is on Thursday.
W: OK. I will prepare for it carefully. But what’s the exact time of the interview?
M: It is at 11:30 a.m., oh, no, 10:30 a.m. on Friday. Don’t worry. You still have several days to go.
W: OK. Thank you very much.
M: Excellent! Now please fill out this form. Here you are.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. When did the speaker buy his ticket?
A. Three months in advance.
B. Five to ten days in advance.
C. Three weeks in advance.
18. How much does a guide generally pay for a plane ticket?
A. Half of the regular fare.
B. One quarter of the regular fare.
C. Two-thirds of the regular fare.
19. Where can senior and youth passes be used?
A. In India. B. In Europe. C. In Japan.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. How to buy train tickets.
B. How to travel on a plane.
C. How to travel for less.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】Do you know how to get inexpensive airline and train tickets? On a recent flight, Laura was chatting happily with me in the seat until the conversation turned to fares. I bought my ticket 3 weeks in advance and paid $148. Laura paid the full fare of $480. She decided that next time she would find out how to travel for less. Here are some useful ways to travel for less. Cheap airline tickets. To fly for less money, you can buy non-refundable plane tickets 2 or 3 months before your trip. The cheapest way to fly is as a guide. In return for the service in a travel agency, you get a plane ticket that costs as little as one quarter of the regular fare or even less if the agency needs someone at the last minute. Recently, a guide flew a round trip from New York to Hong Kong for $100; a regular ticket costs around $1,800. Train passes. If you are going to do a lot of travelling by train, a train pass will save your money. Train passes can be especially useful in India, which has the world’s largest rail system, in Japan, where trains are fast and convenient, and in Europe, where trains go to over 30,000 cities. The Rail Europe Group even offers senior passes for those of 60 years of age and over, youth passes for those under 26 years of age, and provides a great bargain.
第二部分 阅读理解(共 20 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 50 分)
第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
Art Science Museum, Singapore
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Shaped to resemble a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade (滨海步道) and the water that surrounds it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 meters down to a waterfall in the centre of the space. The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system. The building so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Algae House, Hamburg
The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae (水藻). In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Creating building such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
21. Which of the following is NOT the reason why architects continue to explore nature?
A. To imitate the way nature works. B. To make nature part of architecture.
C. To capture the beauty of nature. D. To make natural organisms alive.
22. How can the Algae House reduce damage to the environment?
A. By using less energy. B. By providing shade for people
C. By capturing heat from the sun. D. By producing its own renewable energy.
23. In which magazine would you most likely find the passage?
A. Architecture Frontier. B. Extraordinary Architects.
C. Natural World. D. Living on Earth.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个融入自然元素的建筑设计。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. (今天，建筑师们继续探索捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然的运作方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。)”可知，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然是为了捕捉自然之美、模仿大自然的工作方式和使自然成为建筑的一部分，文中没有提到建筑师们想使自然生物存活这一点，由此可知，“使自然生物存活”不是建筑师继续探索自然的原因。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The Algae House, Hamburg部分的“The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. (因此，该建筑不仅对环境做出反应，使用更少的能源，而且还通过产生自己的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。)”可知，海藻屋通过自身产生的可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏，由此可知，海藻屋通过自行产生可再生能源来减少对环境的破坏。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章，根据文章第一段“Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us, including those in architecture. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. (大自然激发了我们周围许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计。今天，建筑师们继续探索捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然的运作方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。)”可知，文章与建筑设计有关，由此可推知，你最有可能在《建筑前沿》这本杂志上找到这篇文章。故选A。
B
First, all participants found it quite easy to link colors and emotions. This was particularly true for colors like red, black, or yellow. Other colors, like brown and purple, received fewer associations. We found that colour-emotion associations were not one-to-one, but many-to-many.
Participants did not select one emotion for a colour, but often chose several emotions. In turn, different colors were linked to the same emotion, like pleasure, which was associated with red but also yellow, orange, pink and purple.
What you can also see is that most colors were associated with positive emotions. Only brown, grey and black—that is, darker colors—were associated with negative emotions. Red was the most controversial colour. For some, it was a very positive colour—the colour of passion, love and desire. For others, it was a negative colour—the colour of danger, anger and hate. For even others, it was both positive and negative. What connects all these emotions and ideas is the fact that red is activating and strong.
Second, we found few cultural differences. In other words, many colour-emotion associations seemed universal. Most participants agreed that pink was associated with love and pleasure, yellow with joy and amusement, or that black was the saddest colour.
Third, if you are interested in cultural differences, we found some specificities too. For example, in addition to the universal associations of love and anger with red, Chinese participants also associated joy and amusement, while Nigerian participants additionally associated fear with red. Another example is the association between purple and sadness that only Greek participants chose. For others, purple was generally a positive colour with very little agreement on the exact emotions associated with purple.
Fourth, participants whose languages were more similar to each other also had more similar associations. To arrive at this finding, we estimated the degree of linguistic (语言的) similarity between two languages, which shows how related or unrelated they are. And then, languages from different language families, like English and Chinese, would have the lowest similarity scores.
24. Which colour is most likely to cause controversy?
A. Black. B. Red. C. Yellow. D. Brown.
25. What is pink associated with according to most participants?
A. Love and pleasure. B. Joy and amusement.
C. Anger and sadness. D. Fear and disappointment.
26. Which group of people associate purple with sadness?
A. Chinese participants. B. Nigerian participants.
C. Greek participants. D. English participants.
27 What’s the best title of the text?
A. The Deep Meaning of Colours
B. The Link Between Colours and Emotions
C. Cultural Differences in Different Countries
D. Linguistic Similarity Between Two Languages
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探究颜色与情感之间的联系。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Red was the most controversial colour. (红色是最具争议的颜色。)”可知，红色最可能引发争议。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Most participants agreed that pink was associated with love and pleasure, yellow with joy and amusement, or that black was the saddest colour. (大多数参与者都认为粉红色与爱和快乐有关，黄色与快乐和娱乐有关，黑色是最悲伤的颜色。)”可知，大多数参与者都认为粉红色与爱和快乐有关，故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Another example is the association between purple and sadness that only Greek participants chose. (另一个例子是紫色和悲伤之间的联系，只有希腊参与者选择。)”可知，希腊的参与者认为这紫色与悲伤有关，故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“First, all participants found it quite easy to link colors and emotions. This was particularly true for colors like red, black, or yellow. Other colors, like brown and purple, received fewer associations. We found that colour-emotion associations were not one-to-one, but many-to-many. (首先，所有参与者都发现很容易将颜色和情感联系起来。对于红色，黑色或黄色等颜色尤其如此。其他颜色，如棕色和紫色，收到的关联较少。我们发现颜色与情感的联系不是一对一的，而是多对多的。)”可知文章主要探究颜色与情感之间的联系。故文章的标题是The Link Between Colours and Emotions。故选B。
C
Zheng Qinwen announced herself as a major new force in women’s tennis with an important French Open debut(首秀) last month. Now the Chinese teenager hopes the fighting spirit she showed at the Grand Slam (大满贯) tournament can encourage kids starting out in the sport to chase their dreams on the court with the same determination.
“If tennis is your dream, I think you always have to fight for your dream. Because we only have one life, you shouldn’t have any regrets,” Zheng said last week in an interview.
The 19-year-old showed she possesses the talent to be a contender at the very top level of tennis with a breakout campaign at French Open.
Accounting for two-time Grand Slam winner Simona Halep along the way, Zheng’s journey was ended in the fourth round by a three-set defeat to eventual champion Iga Swiatek. Zheng, though, gave the Polish world No. 1 a big scare, battling back from 3-0 down in the first set to force and win a tiebreak(平分决胜局).
“That was the first time I had played against the world No.1, so I really wanted to grab this chance so I could judge her level and test myself,” said Zheng. “I didn’t want to give her the match so easy like that. It was pretty difficult for me to hold on in that match because of what my body was going through, but I wanted to show her I’m not easily beaten.”
Looking back at Zheng Qinwen’s performances in this year’s French Open, there’s no doubt that she’s a true fighter. Zheng says she avoids being discouraged by higher-ranked opponents by simply focusing on the next point, one shot at a time. Supported by her team, she hopes she can one day win a Grand Slam title.
Zheng’s impressive French Open run has inevitably(不可避免地) led to comparisons with China’s solitary Grand Slam singles champion Li Na, who won the 2011 French Open and 2014 Australian Open titles.
“When I was a kid, Li Na showed that Asian people also can do something really good in tennis. She was the first one. I will just focus on my own game and then let’s see if I can really compete at the highest level,” said Zheng.
28. What does the underlined word “contender” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Competitor B. Announcer. C. Campaigner. D. Designer.
29. What is the result of the match between Zheng and Iga Swiatek?
A. Iga Swiatek beat Zheng easily.
B. Zheng lost to Iga Swiatek at last.
C. Zheng won the match despite her pain.
D. Iga Swiatek lost because of her mistakes.
30. Why is Li Na mentioned in paragraph 7?
A. To show how excellent Zheng Qinwen is.
B. To prove failure is the mother of success.
C. To explain why Li Na has achieved a lot.
D. To compare the difference between Zheng Qinwen and Li Na.
31. Which of the following can best describe Zheng Qinwen?
A. Optimistic and generous B. Adventurous and realistic.
C. Independent and helpful D. Struggling and determined.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了19岁的网球选手郑钦文在法网公开赛中取得了不俗的成绩，表明了自己是女子网球的重要新生力量。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“The 19-year-old showed she possesses the talent to be a contender at the very top level of tennis with a breakout campaign at French Open.(这位19岁的女孩在法网公开赛上展示了她有成为一名顶级网球contender的天赋。)”和第一段中“Zheng Qinwen announced herself as a major new force in women’s tennis with an important French Open debut(首秀) last month.(上个月，郑钦文在法网公开赛上首次亮相，宣布自己是女子网球的重要新生力量。)”可知，郑钦文在法网公开赛首次亮相证明了自己的实力，这说明她有成为顶级网球选手的天赋，由此可知，划线单词contender意为“选手”，与competitor(选手)意思一样，故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Zheng’s journey was ended in the fourth round by a three-set defeat to eventual champion Iga Swiatek.(郑征程在第四轮以三盘败给最终的冠军Iga Swiatek而告终。)”可知，最终郑钦文输给了Iga Swiatek，故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段“Zheng’s impressive French Open run has inevitably(不可避免地) led to comparisons with China’s solitary Grand Slam singles champion Li Na, who won the 2011 French Open and 2014 Australian Open titles.( 郑令人印象深刻的法网表现，不可避免地让人们将她与中国单打大满贯冠军李娜相提并论。李娜赢得了2011年法网和2014年澳网的冠军。)”可知，李娜是很优秀的网球运动员，郑钦文的出色表现让人们将她与李娜相提并论。由此可推知，第七段提及李娜是为了表明郑钦文在网球方面也很优秀，故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段““If tennis is your dream, I think you always have to fight for your dream. Because we only have one life, you shouldn’t have any regrets,” Zheng said last week in an interview.( “如果网球是你的梦想，我认为你必须为你的梦想而奋斗。因为我们只有一次生命，你不应该有任何遗憾，”郑在上周的一次采访中说。)”可知，郑钦文为了自己的梦想很努力。根据第五段中“I didn’t want to give her the match so easy like that. It was pretty difficult for me to hold on in that match because of what my body was going through, but I wanted to show her I’m not easily beaten(我不想这么让她那么容易地赢得比赛。对于我来说，在那场比赛中坚持下来是很困难的，这是因为我的身体状况，但是我想让她知道我不是那么容易被打败的)”可知，郑钦文很有决心，由此可知，郑钦文是一个努力且有决心的人，故选D。
D
On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future.
Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission.
Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.”
Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.
The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIACube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.
32. What is the purpose of the DART mission?
A. To destroy Dimorphos completely.
B. To change the orbit of Dimorphos.
C. To track potentially dangerous asteroids.
D. To prevent Dimorphos from hitting the Earth.
33. How can we describe the test according to Andrea Riley?
A. Better late than never.
B. Rob Peter to pay Paul.
C. Prepare for a rainy day.
D. Bark up the wrong tree.
34. Why does the author mention the example in paragraph 4?
A. To prove the significance of DART’s success.
B. To present the effect of the largest extinction events on humans.
C. To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes.
D. To show the necessity of conducting research on natural disasters.
35. What is LICIACube intended for?
A. Recording the crash test with photos.
B. Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface.
C. Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft.
D. Increasing the force of crashing the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国国家航天局完成了让太空飞船撞击小行星的测试，成功使小行星偏转，这是世界上首次进行行星防御试验。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit.(目标不是摧毁这颗小行星，而是改变它的轨道)”可知，DART任务的目标是改变小行星Dimorphos的轨道。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,’ said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. ‘This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.’(‘如果你要为行星防御做这件事，你会提前5年、10年、15年或20年，让这项技术发挥作用。’美国宇航局项目主管Andrea Riley说。‘这就是我们进行测试的原因。我们希望现在就行动，而不是等到真正有需要的时候。’)”可知，Andrea Riley认为这项测试是提前为行星防御作准备，是未雨绸缪的行为。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic(灾难性的) that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history.(例如，大约6600万年前，一颗直径约6到9英里的小行星在现在的尤卡坦半岛撞击了地球。由此产生的撞击是灾难性的，造成了地球历史上最大的灭绝事件之一)”举例说明小行星撞击地球造成的灾难性的后果，结合本段最后两句“Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.(因此，DART的成功是保护地球免受小行星潜在破坏的重要一步。这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害)”可知，本段提及小行星撞击地球造成灾难性后果的事例，是为了表明DART成功的重要意义，这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害，故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.(LICIACube留在小行星周围轨道上，拍摄了撞击和小行星表面喷出物质的照片)”可知，LICIACube飞船的目的是用照片记录撞击试验。故选A。
第二节 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a good idea for everyone to know first aid techniques. ___36___ because most outdoor activities take participants (参与者) away from populated (人口密集的) areas.
___37___ if you’re hiking or mountain biking away from populated areas. First is that an accident or a health event can happen anytime and, secondly, help may take a while to reach you. Depending on your location, the first aid skills of a friend or a nearby stranger may mean the difference between life and death. In most cases, a person trained in first aid care is unlikely to be around. ___38___ if we know some basic things about first aid.
A major health event can occur anytime at any place, so getting trained in first aid can ensure you’ll be able to help those in need. ___39___. When different types of conditions present themselves, treatment in the first 10 minutes can change that person’s chance of survival.
First aid knowledge could save your own life. It’s likely that an accident could occur in a situation where no one is trained to give first aid. Get trained, and you may be able to instruct others on how to properly treat you or apply first aid techniques yourself, depending on the situation. ___40___.
A. Chances of survival are increased
B. There are two things you must be aware of
C. You may be the only one in a group to have the knowledge
D. In either case, your chances of full recovery are greatly improved
E. By taking a special course, you’ll be able to respond immediately
F. There may also be some situations that require this type of training
G. But it may be even more important for those who live an active outdoor lifestyle
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解急救知识的好处。
【36题详解】
上文“It’s a good idea for everyone to know first aid techniques.(对每个人来说，了解急救技术是个好主意)”提到最好要了解急救技巧，根据下文“because most outdoor activities take participants (参与者) away from populated(人口密集的) areas.(因为大多数户外活动都需要参与者远离人口密集的地区)”可知，空处应是描述急救技巧和户外活动的联系，G项“但对于那些户外生活方式活跃的人来说，这可能更重要”符合语境。故选G。
【37题详解】
根据下文“…if you’re hiking or mountain biking away from populated areas. First is that an accident or a health event can happen anytime and, secondly, help may take a while to reach you.(……如果你在远离人口稠密地区的地方徒步旅行或骑山地自行车。首先，事故或健康事件随时可能发生，其次，帮助可能需要一段时间才能到达你身边)”可知，此处是说如果在人烟稀少的地方徒步旅行或骑山地自行车要明白两件事，B项“你必须明白两件事”符合语境。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据上文“In most cases, a person trained in first aid care is unlikely to be around.(在大多数情况下，接受过急救训练人不太可能在场)”及下文“if we know some basic things about first aid.(如果我们了解一些基本的急救知识)”可知，急救人员不在场的情况下，如果我们自己了解急救知识，就会增加生存的机会，故A项“生存的机会就会增加”符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】
上文“so getting trained in first aid can ensure you’ll be able to help those in need(因此接受急救培训可以确保你能够帮助那些需要帮助的人)”提到接受急救培训可以确保你能够帮助那些需要帮助的人，E项“通过上一门特殊的课程，你就能立即做出反应”与上文语义一致。故选E。
【40题详解】
上文“Get trained, and you may be able to instruct others on how to properly treat you or apply first aid techniques yourself, depending on the situation.(如果接受了培训，取决于不同的情况，你可以指导别人如何正确治疗你或你自己实施急救技巧)”提到接受急救培训对自己有帮助的两种情况，如果自己发生意外，可以指导别人如何正确给自己治疗，也可以自己施救，D项“无论哪种情况，你完全康复的机会都大大提高了”符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共25小题;满分 30 分)
第一节 完形填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播). In the photo, a 20-year-old firefighter, Zhang Zili, was ____41____holding a 2-month-old baby,_____42_____the hearts of people. People nouiced the word “Wenchuan” on Zhang’s left armband. Zhang, born in 2002 in a county neighboring Wenchuan, was hence lovingly referred to as “Wenchuan Brother”.
On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____43____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck. He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____44____what was going on.____45____, the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue. He ____46____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____47____ and offered instant noodles to locals. One ____48____even hugged and comforted Zhang, saying “Don’t be ____49____,we are here now”. The words left a deep impression on Zhang.
This year, when the Wenchuan brigade(消防队)was _____50_____firefighters, he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers. In less than four months, he has taken part in several forest firefighting _____51_____and rescue operations. By Thursday, Zhang’s brigade had urgently _____52_____two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.
Actually, many Wenchuan Brothers have participated in the search and rescue operations for the Luding earthquake. Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are _____53_____from Wenchuan. With an average age of 27, they _____54_____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing_____55_____difficulties.
41. A. firmly B. relaxingly C. eagerly D. tenderly
42. A. touching B. breaking C. opening D. freezing
43. A. Chinese B. sports C. maths D. music
44. A. wondering B. doubting C. expecting D. knowing
45. A. Long before B. Shortly afterwards C. To their surprise D. As a consequence
46. A. acknowledged B. indicated C. recalled D. commented
47. A. tents B. bridges C. roads D. houses
48. A. classmate B. teacher C. parent D. soldier
49. A. hesitant B. afraid C. angry D. shy
50. A. training B. organizing C. recruiting D. calling
51. A. scenes B. missions C. procedures D. routines
52. A. set up B. made up C. built up D. taken up
53. A. volunteers B. members C. immigrants D. locals
54. A. understood B. imagined C. experienced D. remembered
55. A. particular B. endless C. similar D. increasing
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“汶川哥哥”张自立：6岁经历地震，长大后当上消防员。在泸定地震救援中，他抱着一名婴儿转移的照片感动网友。
【41题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. firmly坚定地；B. relaxingly轻松地；C. eagerly渴望地；D. tenderly温柔地。根据“holding a 2-month-old baby,”可知，因为抱着的是一个2个月大的婴儿，所以是轻轻地，温柔地抱着。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片中，20岁的消防员张自立温柔地抱着一个2个月大的婴儿，感动了人们的心。A. touching感动；B. breaking打破；C. opening打开；D. freezing冻结。根据“A photo, shot in the Luding earthquake, soon went viral(迅速传播).”和“the hearts of people”可知，照片能够迅速走红，是因为这张照片感动了人们的心。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2008年5月12日，当里氏8.0级地震发生时，张正在上体育课。A. Chinese语文；B. sports体育；C. maths数学；D. music音乐。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，地震时在操场上，所以推断当时正在上体育课。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和他的同学在操场上哭，不知道发生了什么。A. wondering想知道；B. doubting怀疑；C. expecting期望；D. knowing知道。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground,”可知，哭的原因是不知道发生了什么。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：不久之后，中国人民解放军前来救援。A. Long before很近以前；B. Shortly afterwards此后不久；C. To their surprise令他们失望的是；D. As a consequence结果。根据“the People’s Liberation Army came to their rescue.”可知，这里指地震不久之后，军队救援来了。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. acknowledged承认；B. indicated指示；C. recalled回忆；D. commented评论。根据“how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，这里指后来张自立回忆解放军士兵地震救援的场面。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起紧急物资如何从直升机空投，解放军士兵如何搭建帐篷，向当地人提供泡面。A. tents帐篷；B. bridges桥；C. roads道路；D. houses房子。根据“On May 12,2008, Zhang was attending a ____3____class when the magnitude-8.0 earthquake struck.”可知，因为发生的是8级大地震，所以搭建的是帐篷。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. classmate同学；B. teacher教师；C. parent父母；D. soldier士兵。根据“He ____6____how emergency supplies were air-dropped from helicopters and how PLA soldiers built____7____ and offered instant noodles to locals.”可知，当时一名解放军士兵拥抱并安慰张自立。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一名士兵甚至拥抱并安慰张，说：“不要害怕，我们现在在这里。”A. hesitant犹豫的；B. afraid害怕的；C. angry生气的；D. shy害羞的。根据“He and his classmates were crying on the playground, not ____4____what was going on.”可知，张自立和同学们因为害怕大哭，所以解放军士兵安慰他不要害怕。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，当汶川大队招募消防员时，他毫不犹豫地加入了，希望能像解放军战士一样救人。A. training培训；B. organizing组织；C. recruiting征兵；招募；D. calling打电话。根据“he did not hesitate to join, hoping to save people just like the PLA soldiers.”可知，这里指汶川招募消防员，张自立毫不犹豫加入。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在不到四个月的时间里，他参加了几次森林消防任务和救援行动。A. scenes情景；B. missions使命、任务；C. procedures程序；D. routines常规。根据“and rescue operations.”可知，这里指故张自立当上消防员之后，参加森林灭火任务。选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：到周四，张的队伍已经在婴儿所在的村庄紧急建立了两条救援通道，将村民们运送过来。A. set up建立；B. made up组成；C. built up建立；D. taken up占据。根据“two rescue channels in the baby’s village to transport the villagers.”可知，为了转移村民而建立的救援通道。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在来自汶川大队的74人中，很多是汶川本地人。 A. volunteers志愿者；B. members成员；C. immigrants移民；D. locals当地人。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake and want to help people facing____15____difficulties.”可知，这支消防大队中，很多都是汶川本地人。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. understood理解；B. imagined想象；C. experienced体验、经历；D. remembered记得。根据“Of the 74 people from the Wenchuan brigade, many are ____13____from Wenchuan.”可知，因为是汶川本地人，所以经历了地震。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们平均年龄27岁，经历了汶川地震，想要帮助面临同样困难的人。A. particular特别的；B. endless无止境的；C. similar相似的、同样的；D. increasing增加的。根据“With an average age of 27, they ____14____the Wenchuan earthquake”可知，因为经历过汶川地震，所以希望帮助面临同样困难的人。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分, 满分 15 分)
语法填空
Antarctica is a place of extremes. It is the coldest, highest, driest and windiest continent on Earth. Antarctica is a continent ___56___ (cover) by an inland ice sheet up to 4.8km thick, ___57___ (hold) about 90% of the world’s fresh water. The ice sheet is ___58___ heavy that it has pushed the land below sea level in places.
The South Pole is 1, 235km from the closest coastline and is located high on the polar plateau (高原) (height 2, 800m). Here it may be as cold as - 75℃ , but the world’s ___59___ (low) temperature record is from an even more remote Antarctic station, Vostok, ___60___ recorded a temperature of -89℃.
Only about 0.4% of the surface of Antarctica is free ___61___ snow and ice. The tops of mountains stick up through the ice — the highest is Mount Vinson, 4,900m above sea level.
Over the past few decades, Britain ___62___ (play) a major role in the exploration and study of Antarctica. Captain James Cook was the first person ___63___ (cross) the Antarctic circle in ___64___ 1770s. Later explorations involved searching for commercial (商业的) opportunities, usually hunting for seals or whales. At the start of the twentieth century, ___65___(explore) Scott and Shackleton made scientific explorations, a tradition which continues to the present.
【答案】56. covered
57. holding
58. so 59. lowest
60. which 61. of##from
62. has played
63. to cross
64. the 65. explorers
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了南极洲的地理环境，南极洲在探索和研究中的作用。
【56题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：南极洲是一个被内陆冰盖覆盖的大陆，厚度达4.8公里，拥有世界上约90%的淡水。短语be covered by意为“被……覆盖”，这里用过去分词作定语。故填covered。
【57题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：南极洲是一个被内陆冰盖覆盖的大陆，厚度达4.8公里，拥有世界上约90%的淡水。结合句意及提示词可知，空处hold和句子主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填holding。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：冰盖是如此之重，以至于它在某些地方将陆地推到了海平面以下。根据句意及空后的heavy that可知，that为连词，引导结果状语从句，空处应为so…that…结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。故填so。
【59题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这里可能冷至-75°C，但世界上最低的温度记录来自更偏远的南极站东方号，该站记录的温度为-89°C。根据句意可知，此处是将南极点和南极站东方号及其他地区进行温度比较，结合空前定冠词the及提示词low，空处应为最高级。故填lowest。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这里可能冷至-75°C，但世界上最低的温度记录来自更偏远的南极站东方号，该站记录的温度为-89°C。结合句意及句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Antarctic station，关系代词在从句中做主语，故填which。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：只有大约0.4%的南极洲表面没有冰雪。结合句意可知，空处表示“没有”，短语be free of/from意为“没有”，故of/from。
【62题详解】
考查现在完成时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，英国在南极洲的探索和研究中发挥了重要作用。根据空前Over the past few decades可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语为Britain是单数，故填has played。
【63题详解】
考查不定式。句意：詹姆斯·库克船长是18世纪70年代第一个穿越南极圈的人。the first person to do sth表示“第一个做某事的人”，故填to cross。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：詹姆斯·库克船长是18世纪70年代第一个穿越南极圈的人。根据空后1770s表示年代，故要用定冠词。故填the。
【65题详解】
考查名词复数。二十世纪初，探险家斯科特和沙克尔顿进行了科学探索，这一传统一直延续到现在。根据空后Scott and Shackleton及提示词explore，空处应为名词且为复数，表示的是Scott 和Shackleton这两位探险家。故填explorers。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 (满分25分)
66. 你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“How to Face Failure” 为题写一篇发言稿参赛, 内容包括：
1.分析失败对我们的影响
2.提出面对失败的一些建议
注意：
1.词数100左右
2.题目已为你写好
How to Face Failure
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Failure is the most common thing in our daily life. We can encounter a number of difficulties and failures everywhere. Therefore, how to face failure is of vital importance.
Undoubtedly, no one likes failure. It makes us feel down and even brings terrible consequences, some of which we can’t bear. However, it is advisable for us to know that we can have a better understanding of our shortcomings. When it comes to how to face failure, my suggestions are as follows. Firstly, I will reflect on myself and try to find out the main reason. Meanwhile, I will also share my sorrow with my teachers and friends who will give me more reasonable and practical advice to overcome failure. More importantly, home is the best harbor. Therefore, turn to your parents for help, if necessary.
All in all, don’t be afraid to face failure, which will be the foundation of success.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生请你以“How to Face Failure”为题写一篇发言稿参赛, 内容包括：1.分析失败对我们的影响；2.提出面对失败的一些建议
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要：importance→significance
容忍：bear→tolerate
首先：firstly→to begin with
帮助：help→assistance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：More importantly, home is the best harbor.
拓展句：More importantly, home is the best harbor, which gives you comfort when you face difficulty.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
However, it is advisable for us to know that we can have a better understanding of our shortcomings.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]
Meanwhile, I will also share my sorrow with my teachers and friends who will give me more reasonable and practical advice to overcome failure.（运用了who引导定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The last race of the day was over. My breathing gradually stilled along with the ripples (波纹) in the pool, but I stayed in the water, watching sadly as the winners gathered for the medals ceremony.
“Don’t look so sad,” I heard a voice say behind me. I turned around to see a tall, blond, blue-eyed man standing on the edge of the pool. “You came in fourth, but you are the best in your country.” he said smiling,“I’m Ken Schafer, and you?”
“Rima Datta.”
“And how old are you, Rima?”
“Fourteen, Sir.”I replied lifting myself out of the water. Ken was a swimming coach from California and asked me about my life as a swimmer until then.
My eldest brother, Anil, had taught me how to swim, but I had no real training until I was nine when a coach from the National Institute of Sports came for just three months a year to train the boys at Mayo College, where our father taught. She set aside a couple of hours a week for the daughters of the staff. It was she who had corrected my mistakes and encouraged me to take part in competitions.
Surprised to hear how little steady training I had had, Ken introduced me to the National Institute of Sports in Patiala to be trained in this summer. The train was hard, and I felt quite lonely away from my parents and all that was familiar. But it was Ken,with his tireless enthusiasm, his passion for swimming, and his faith in me that kept me focused.
I won my first gold medal at the national championship that year, a fact that filled me with immense joy and Ken with a sense of satisfaction that his work with me was paying off. Yet he realized that what I really needed was a team to train with and steady coaching year-round.
Then he persuaded my parents to allow me to go to California and train there for a year. He even helped find out a host family for me.
续写要求：
1.续写词数应为100词左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Alone on the long flight to Los Angeles, I was filled with doubts, as I had never lived with a strange family.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Alone on the long flight to Los Angeles, I was filled with doubts, as I had never lived with a strange family. How would I manage to live with people I had never met before? What if I didn’t get along well with the host family? Would I fit in? From the first moment at the airport where they had come to pick me up, I knew things would be all right. “Hi, I’m Henry. Nice to see you, Rima.” A boy with a bright smile said. “Nice to see you, too,” I said in a low voice. Then homestay father introduced family members to me and added, “Take it easy, Boy. You’ll feel at home here. And we’ll have steaks tonight! Hope you’ll enjoy it!” He patted my shoulder and then put my suitcase in the trunk of his car. I knew I could not find a kinder, more generous family than theirs.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。游泳运动员Rima Datta在游泳比赛中却没有获得冠军，很失落时遇到了Ken Schafer。在得知Rima没有受过稳定的训练后，Ken将Rima介绍进国家体育学院，让Rima在夏天接受训练。之后，Rima赢得了第一枚金牌，但是，Ken认为Rima需要一起训练的团队，因此Ken试图让Rima去加州训练一年，并帮助Rima找到当地的寄宿家庭。在见到当地的寄宿家庭并和这家人相处后，Rima放下心来，他们相处得十分融洽。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由首句内容“在飞往洛杉矶的长途航班上，我独自一人，心中充满了疑惑，因为我从来没有和一个陌生的家庭生活过。”可知，第一段可描写作者在飞机上内心忐忑和见到寄宿家庭后的感受。
2.续写线索：内心忐忑——遇见寄宿家庭——和谐相处
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.成功做：manage to do/succeed in doing
②.友好相处：get along well/be on good terms with
情绪类
①.疑虑：doubts/uncertainty
②.感觉轻松（自在）：feel at home/feel ease
【点睛】[高分句型1].From the first moment at the airport where they had come to pick me up, I knew things would be all right. （由关系副词where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2].I knew I could not find a kinder, more generous family than theirs.（省略连接词that的宾语从句）
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