语法专题04 感叹句、反义疑问句、祈使句-江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版）

这是一份语法专题04 感叹句、反义疑问句、祈使句-江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版），共13页。
语法专题04 感叹句、反义疑问句、祈使句

☞【考点介绍】
考点
分值
题型
出题方向
感叹句
1-2分
单项选择
短文填空
单选中感叹词What和How的选择；
短文填空偶尔考察句子中带有感叹语气
反义疑问句
0-1分
单项选择
前肯后否原则的使用
遇到句中有hardly/seldom/none等词原句要看做否定句
遇到句中有unhappy/dislike/impolite等词原句要看做肯定句
祈使句
0-1分
单项选择
短文填空
动词填空
祈使句句首动词用原形
祈使句中and和or的选择
祈使句和if 条件状语从句之间的转换

☞【应试技巧】
一、感叹句
引导词
用法
例句

What
What + a / an +形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)
What +形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)
What + 形容词+可数名词复数+(主语+谓语)
What a delicious cake (it is)!
What delicious coffee (it is)!
What delicious cakes (they are)!
How
How + adj.+ the +名词+谓语
How +主语+谓语
How delicious (the cake is)!
How time flies!
注意：
①中考中常考的一些不可数名词有以下这些：news,information,advice,weather,fun,music,traffic,work,food,knowledge,furniture,progress等。
②有些不可数名词，如果前面有形容词修饰，要将这些抽象名词具体化，在这些不可数名词前加不定冠词a/an.
如：What a great time we had last week!
What a heavy rain!

二、反义疑问句
考点一：反意疑问句的类型
1. 陈述句部分带有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, no, none, neither, seldom, hardly, too...to...等否含有定意义的词时，此陈述句为否定句，其附加疑问句要用肯定形式。
She never tells a lie, does she?
He is too young to go to school, is he?
注意：陈述句部分带有具否定含义的前缀时，该句不可被认为是否定句，依然是肯定句，疑问句部分仍然用否定形式。
如：He looks unhappy today, doesn’t he?

2. 陈述句部分为There be句型时，疑问句部分用 be there 形式。如：
There is a tree in front of our classroom, isn’t there?

3. 陈述句部分的主语是指事或物的不定代词如：something, anything, nothing, everything时，附加疑问句部分的主语用it。如：
Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?

4. 陈述句部分的主语是指人的不定代词如：somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)时，附加疑问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。
如：Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?

5. 当陈述句部分的谓语动词是have, has ,had 时：
（1） 当have/has/had解释为“拥有”时，附加疑问句用have/has/had或是助动词do/does/did。当have/has/had不解释为“拥有”时，则只能用助动词do/does/did来构成附加疑问句。如：
He has a few friends at school, hasn’t he/ doesn’t he?
（2） 当陈述句的谓语部分由have to时，附加疑问句用don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t。如：
They had to get up early, didn’t they?
（3） 当陈述句部分谓语部分有had better时，附加疑问句部分用had。如：
You’d better stop talking in class, hadn’t you?
（4） 当have/ has / had用在完成时中，附加疑问句应用have/ has / had来构成。如：
He hasn’t been to Beijing so far, has he?
注意：该知识点是反义疑问句的常考点，注意这里have/ has / had是被当做助动词的。

6. 陈述句谓语部分有need时：
（1） 当need 为情态动词时，附加疑问句部分用need。如：
We need not do it again, need we ?
（2） 当need 为行为动词时，附加疑问句部分用do/does/did。如：
We need to buy a new book, don’t we?

7. 祈使句的反意疑问句：
（1） 肯定的祈使句：附加疑问句部分用will you或won’t you。
（2） 否定的祈使句：附加疑问句部分用will you。
（3） 以let’s 开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we; 而以let us 开头的，则用will you。

8. 陈述句部分为主从复合句时，疑问句部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致,注意此时主句的主语必须是非第一人称。如：
She said she would come tomorrow, didn’t she?
否定转移的考点：
主句的主语若是第一人称，其谓语动词是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等词时，反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致。但分两种情况：
（1）若主句是肯定句，疑问句部分的谓语动词符合“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。如：
We think it is a good idea, isn’t it?
（2）若主句是否定句，即出现否定前移现象，疑问句部分谓语动词的肯定和否定形式与从句的肯否形式保持一致。如：
I don’t think he is a good student, is he?
9.陈述句部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问句部分用didn’t 或 usedn’t。如:
He used to live in the village, didn’t he/ usedn’t he?

考点二：反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句作答时，若答案是肯定的，则用yes,后跟肯定形式的简略答句；若答案是否定的，则用no,后跟否定形式的简略答语。特别注意，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。
① --Lucy is very good at skating, isn’t she ?
--Yes, she is. (是的，她很擅长。)
遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。
② --They don’t work hard, do they?
--Yes, they do. （不，他们工作努力）
--No, they don’t. （对，他们工作不努力）
遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。

三、祈使句
祈使句的肯定和否定结构
1. 肯定结构:
1） Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。
例： Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下, 动词可省略。
例：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2） Be型(即：Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。
例：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3） Let型(即：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。
例：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

2. 否定结构:
1） Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。
例：Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!
　 Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
2） Let型的否定式有两种 “Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分” 和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
例：Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3） 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
例：No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!

祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：
　　--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
　　--- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.　不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

祈使句与其他句式的结合
1. 祈使句的反意疑问句
（1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。如：
Please open the door, will/ won’t you?
（2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。如：
Don't be late again, will you?
（3）①以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。如：
Let's turn on the TV, shall we?
②以let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you。如：
Let us stay here, will/ won't you?

2. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用　　
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。如：
　　Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.　把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
　　Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。

3.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用　　
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。如：
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.
如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。
注意：祈使句在中考中主要是以单选题的形式出现的，重点考察：
1.祈使句的反意疑问句 2.祈使句的回答 3.祈使句与and或者or的连用

☞【真题回顾】
【2022-淮安中考】5. ________ good book you offered us! It really helps us a lot.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你给了我们一本多么好的书啊！这对我们帮助很大。
考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是可数名词单数book，用“What a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主谓！”结构，故选D。
【2022-宿迁中考】4. ________ clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project.
A. What B. How a C. How D. What a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：基蒂是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！她可以想出一些有创意的方法来完成这个项目。
考查感叹句。句子是感叹句，中心词是单数可数名词girl，符合结构“What+a/an+adj+单数名词+主谓!”。故选D。

☞【模拟训练】
一、感叹句
用What或How填空：
1. ____ a big tree it is!
2. ____ big the tree is!
3. ____ beautiful pictures!
4. ____ beautiful the pictures are!
5. ____ high the building is!
6. ____ big eyes she has!
7. ____ lovely the ice-cream is!
8. ____ lovely ice-cream!
【答案】1-4 What How What How 5-8 How What How What

单项选择
1. — ________ popular Jiang Nan Evening Paper is!
— That’s true. It has ________ many readers in Wuxi.
A. How a; so B. What; such C. How; so D. What a; so
2. __________ suggestion he offered! It will be of great help.
A. How useful B. What useful C. How a useful D. What a useful
3.Oh, just imagine! ________ it is to go to the wonderful tourist attraction!
A. What a great fun B. How fun
C. What great fun D. How great fun
4._________ wonderful news report he wrote! The boss was really satisfied with it.
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
5.“_______ you’ve made! But you should still work harder,” the teacher said to the boy.
A. What great progress B. How a big mistake
C. What a big mistake D. How great progress
6. _______hard work it is! And__________should I do to complete it well?
A.What a, how B.What, what C.How, what D.What, how
7、________ exciting news! We will have a ________ holiday after the exam.
A. What an; two weeks B. How an; two weeks C. What; two-week D. How; two weeks’
8. “ ____________ you’ve made! But you should still work harder,” the teacher said to the boy.
A. What great progress B. How a big mistake
C. What a big mistake D. How great progress
9.‘Last month I traveled across the Sahara Desert by ______ camel with some locals.
  What ________ amazing experience!
       A. the; an                B. a; /                C. /; the            D. /; an
10.— Plenty of latest news and information are often covered live on CCTV-1.
— That’s true. ________important news channel CCTV-1 is!
A. What an B. What C. What a D. How
11.How _______ the song she sings sounds! I have never_______ a better voice.
A. beautifully; sounded B. beautiful; heard
C. nicely; heard D. nice; sounded
12.---______ beautiful overcoat you bought!
--- Indeed, I liked it ______ much that I decided to buy it at once as soon as I saw it.
A. What; so　 B. How; such C. What a; so D. How a; such
13. —Jim took an one-hour ride just now._________ time he spent finishing such a long way!
—He is _________ experienced rider.
A. What short; the B. What a short ; an C.How short; the D. How a short; a
14.______ for us to go walking! Let’s go together, shall we?
A. What a fine weather B. What fine the weather
C. How fine weather D. What fine weather
15. Kate won the first prize in the sports meeting. _______great surprise she gave her classmates!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
16.— It’s said that the famous writer will give us ________ advice on writing.
—________ good news! I’m weak at it.
A. a; How a B. an; what C. some; what D. any; How
17.--- We will build an underground in Xuzhou before 2015.
---- Wow, _______! Will it pass our place?
A. what an excited news B. how excited the news is
C. what exciting news D. how exciting news
18. How ________ the wind sounds! Why not stay at home ________ such a windy day?
A. terrible; in B. terrible; on C. terribly; on D. terribly; in
19.Oh, Kate, ________ you gave us!
A. how a pleasant surprise B. what a pleasant surprise
C. how pleasant surprise D. what pleasant surprise
20. --- _________ bad weather these days are! ---Yes, and it may last _________.
A. What a; two other days B. What; another two days
C. How; two more days D. How; two days more
21. ______ useful the book he gave me is ! It tells me how to play _____ guitar.
A. What a; the B. How; / C. What an; a D. How ; the
22. What ________ it is to go hiking in________ weather!
A. a great fun; so fine B. a great fun; such fine
C. great fun; such fine D. great fun; so a fine
23. it was for us to hear you play piano at the party！
A. What fun; the B. What a fun; the
C. How fun; a D. How a fun; 不填
24.— ______ useful tool the computer is! — I agree. It’s ______ interesting as well.
A. What a ; / B. How a; the C. What an; / D How an;
25.-It is reported that an earthquake hit Yunnan on June 3rd.
- terrible news!
A.How a B. What a C. How D. What
【答案】CDCAA BCADA BCCDB CCBBB ACAAD


按要求改写下列句子
1． Lucy is a very clever girl. (用 what 改写为感叹句)

2. Lily is a very beautiful girl. (用 how 改写为感叹句)

3． The students are playing basketball happily. (用 how 改写为感叹句)

4． The books are very new. (用 what 改写为感叹句)

5． The story is very interesting. (用 what 改写成感叹句)

6． The book is very interesting. (用 how 改写成感叹句)

7． Kangkang's lecture is wonderful. (用 how 改写成感叹句)

8． The news is very important. (用 what 改写成感叹句)
【答案】
1. What a clever girl Lucy is!
2. How beautiful a girl Lily is!
3. How happily the students are playing basketball!
4. What new books they are!
5. What an interesting story it is!
6. How interesting a book it is! (How interesting the book is!)
7. How wonderful Kangkang's lecture is!
8. What important news it is！

二、反义疑问句
1. There isn’t anything wrong with the radio, ______?
A. is there B. is it C. does it D. does there
2. You must be hungry, ______?
A. must you B. mustn’t you C. are you D. aren’t you
3. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _______?
A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we
4. Her daughter had the carpets and curtains cleaned, ______?
A. had she B. hadn’t she C. didn’t she D. didn’t her daughter
5. The teacher had a talk with you, ______?
A. has you B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she
6. Something’ll have to be done about the air pollution, ______?
A. won’t it B. will it C. has it D. does it
7. You must have made the mistake, ______?
A. mustn’t you B. haven’t you C. didn’t you D. hadn’t you
8. Learning how to repair computers takes a long time, ______?
A. isn’t it B. aren’t they C. doesn’t it D. don’t they
9. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, ______?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
10. They must have stayed at hotel last night, ______?
A. mustn’t they B. haven’t they C. didn’t they D. hadn’t they
【答案】BCBCA DCCDA

三、祈使句
单项选择
( )1. _____ this kind of peach, and you will like it.      
A. To try   B. Trying    C. Try    D. Tried 
( )2. _____ the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now.      
A. Not turn on        B. Don’t turn on    C. Not turn down         D. Don’t turn down 
( )3. —Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.
 —OK, I _____.  
A.  will    B. won’t    C. do    D. don’t
( )4. —Peter, don’t step on the grass. 
—______.  
A. It doesn’t matter               B. I can’t do it   
C. Don’t worry                   D. Sorry, I won’t do it again 
( )5. — Remember to ask her to call me back. —______. 
A.  Never mind           B. That’s right     C. Up to you         D. All right 
( )6. —Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine. 
—______. It’s boring to stay at home. 
A. Sounds great              B. Not at all         C. Forget it               D. No way 
( )7. —______ late for school again, Tim! 
—Sorry, I promise that I ______. 
A. Don’t; won’t         B. Don’t be; won’t    
C. Don’t be; don’t      D. Don’t; will 
( )8. Boys and girls, ______ up your hands if you want to go for a picnic  this weekend.
A. putting        B. to put      C. put    D. puts 
【答案】C B A D D A B C

根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。 
1. 这边请！ 
  ________  ________, please! 
2. 我来帮你吧。 
    ________  ________help you. 
3.  我们休息一下吧。    
 ________  ________ a rest. 
4. 让她走吧。 
    ________  ________ leave.  
5.  要永远记住那个可怕的日子。    
  ________  ________ that terrible day. 
6.  务必告诉他这个消息！ 
   ________  ________ him the news!
【答案】This way, Let me, Let’s have, Let her, Please remember, Please tell