语法专题03 宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句-江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版）

语法专题03 宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句

☞【考点介绍】
考点
分值
题型
出题方向
宾语从句
1-2分
单项选择
完形填空
短文填空
宾语从句的语序-陈述语序
宾语从句的时态-注意客观真理永一现
宾语从句的连接词选择-that/whether/if
状语从句
1-3分
单项选择
完形填空
单词拼写
短文填空
时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件等各种状语从句
时间状语从句和条件状语从句遵循的“主将从现”原则
判断连接词if引导的是条件状语从句（如果）还是引导宾语从句（是否）
单词拼写中遇到填“是否”最好写成whether形式
定语从句
0-1分
单项选择
完形填空
短文填空
定语从句偏向于选关系词that的原因
定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句填who和whom的区分

☞【应试技巧】
一、宾语从句
宾语从句的连接词
①that引导的宾语从句
陈述句（肯定或否定）作宾语从句，由连词that引导。因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
The sun rises in the east. We all know.
→ We all know that the sun rises in the east.
②if或whether引导的宾语从句
一般疑问句作宾语从句，由连词whether或if引导，因为if/whether在句中翻译成“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，且宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
Will he come back tomorrow？ Do you know？
→ Do you know if / whether he will come back tomorrow？
后接if/whether的常见词有：want to know/wonder/doubt/I’m not sure。
③wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问句作宾语从句由疑问代词who、whom、whose、what、which等或疑问副词when、where、how、why等引导，
Which sweater should Tom buy？ Tom can't decide.
→ Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy.

宾语从句的时态
①如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态根据实际情况而定。
eg:She knows (that) her parents will arrive in Nanjing tomorrow.
I know (that) he lived here five years ago.
We have heard (that) she practises dancing every day.
I am looking for where my purse is.
②如果主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时），那么从句要用相应的过去的具体状态。时态变化的规律如下表：
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
一般将来时
过去将来时
eg:I didn’t know (that) he would come.
Miss Li told us (that) she had seen the film.
I saw (that) she was talking with her mother.
【注意】
1、如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时，不管主句是何种时态，都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
2、当主句是Could you / Would you …表示婉转的语气，从句的时态无需受主句的影响发生变化。
Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow ?

宾语从句的语序
如果what’s wrong / what’s the matter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。
e.g. I want to know what’s wrong with you.
She doesn’t know what’s the matter with him.
Jack didn’t know what happened.
I want to know what’s on the desk.

二、状语从句
状语从句易混点：
till / until和not…until
till在口语中用的较多，句首一般用until，而不用till
They walked till /until it was dark. (主句动词是持续动词)
I will read the book until/till I finish it.
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back. (主句动词是瞬间动词)
I __________(go) to bed until I finish my homework.
My mother _________(wait) for him until he came back.
【答案】won’t go wait

since引导的时间状语从句与before引导的时间状从
特殊句型：
It has been...since + 从句. /It is...since + 从句
It was (not) +时间+before+从句
1.It was a long time ______ he came back home.
A. since B. while C. until D. Before
2.The book was so interesting that he read it for four hours _______ he realized it.
A. while B. after C. before D. as soon as
3. ---How long haven’t you written to your father?
--- It’s three months ______ he received my last one.
A. when B. after C. before D. since
4.---Peter, will you leave for Great Britain now?
---No. It will be two weeks I leave here.
A until B since C before D when
【答案】DCDC

as / when / while的辨析
as / when / while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：
as 表示“一边…...一边＂的意思，强调两个动作同时进行，表示对比时用于发生时间较短时
when 还可以表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂发生。
while ①用于时间较长时;②强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
例：He visited a lot of places _______ he was traveling.
I was doing my homework ________my father was washing his car.
______ I grow up, I will travel around the world.
_______ she stood there, she heard the first bell.
We were watching TV ______ suddenly the light went out.
【答案】while while When As when
注意：
1. It was raining hard when (as) I got there.
(动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是瞬间动词.)
2. When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when, 并要注意时态)
3. She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替)
4. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
(此时as ,when, while可通用)

if和 unless(=if …not)
(1) If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
(2)You will be late unless you leave immediately
= If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.

because, since , as与for
这三个词所表示的语气由because 到as逐渐减弱。由why提出的问题用because回答。
—Why are you late? 你为什么迟到？
—Because I'm ill. 因为我病了。
since表示的原因是人们已知的事实, since在这里译为“既然”
例：Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
表示双方已知的事实或理由，强调未发生的结果。
例：As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
表示双方已知的事实或理由，强调已发生或经常发生的结果。
for为并列连词，附带解释说明前面分句的理由
位置上： because 可前可后，since/as 只能句首；for句中，前有逗号
1._______ you have finished the work, you can have a rest.
A. Since B. Because C. While D. Until
2.The programme Running Man has been hot on screen recently _____ some pop stars bring the audience a lot of fun.
A. until B.because C.though D.unless
【答案】AB

so...that 与such...that 互换
She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much. （句型转换）
= ________________________we love her very much.
【答案】She is so lovely a girl that
注意：当名词前有many 或much或few/ little (少的) 修饰时,用so 而不用 such
1.—_______ little water is not enough for _______ many birds.
—_______ little birds can not have _______ much.
A. Such; such; Such; so B. So; so; So; such C. Such; so; Such; so D. So; so; Such; so
2.Amy is _______ a careful girl that she made ______ mistakes in her last exam.
A. so; so little B. so; such little C. such; such few D. such; so few
3. ___little boys have ____little difficulty in working out these problems ____I admire them very much.
A so; so; that B such; so; that C so; such; / D such; such;/
【答案】DDB

三、定语从句
定语从句的构成
This is the best film that I have seen.
★先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词：when, where, why

★ 只用that 不用which 的情况
①当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。
②还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.
③以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which或who时,都只能用that
④当先行词被the only，the very 修饰时表示强调
⑤两个定语从句中一个已用which时，另一个用that
1).We should do everything _________ is good for our studies.
2).The is the first place ________ I want to visit.
3).This is the most interesting book _________ I have ever read.
4).This is the only thing_________ we can do.
5).He built up a factory which produced things ________ I had never seen before.
6).We talked about the things and persons __________ we were interested in.
【答案】 1.that 2.that/ \ 3.that/ \ 4.that/ \ 5.that/ \ 6.that/ \

☞【真题回顾】
【2022-盐城中考】13. —Can you tell me ________?
—Never spend too much time on screen.
A. how we can have bright eyes B. why we should protect our eyes
C. where we can see an eye doctor D. when we should do eye exercises
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我怎样才能拥有明亮的眼睛吗？——不要花太多时间在屏幕上。
考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何，怎样；why为什么；where哪里；when什么时候。根据“Never spend too much time on screen”可推测出，在询问如何才能拥有明亮的眼镜，“如何，怎样”，此时应用关系副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。
【2022-淮安中考】9. — Mum, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.
— I think you should give it to the police and they may know ________.
A. how is the owner B. who is the owner C. how the owner is D. who the owner is
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——妈妈。今天早上我在公共汽车上发现了一个钱包。——我想你应该把它交给警察，他们也许会知道主人是谁。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AB；结合“I think you should give it to the police and they may know...”可知，是可能知道主人是谁。故选D。
【2022-南通中考】14. Sandy asked the boy ________.
A. why did he like English films B. how he will improve his English
C. why he read the English magazine D. how many new words he has learned
【答案】C
【解析】句意：桑迪问男孩为什么看英文杂志。
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除A选项；再根据“Sandy asked the boy”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，可排除BD选项。故选C。
【2022-扬州中考】14. —Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
—You can take No. 6 bus there. It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.
A. how far is the Slender West Lake B. how far the Slender West Lake is
C. how can I get to the Slender West Lake D. how I can get to the Slender West Lake
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗？——你可以在那里乘坐6路公交车。大约15分钟的车程。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“You can take No. 6 bus there”可知上句询问应如何去某地，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
【2022-宿迁中考】14. —Jenny, do you know ________?
—Er, next Tuesday.
A. when the sports meeting will take place B. when will the sports meeting take place
C. where the sports meeting will take place D. where will the sports meeting take place
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——珍妮，你知道运动会什么时候举行吗？——额，下周二。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据“next Tuesday”可知上文询问时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选A。
【2022-连云港中考】13.—Could you please tell me ?
—You can take No.2 Bus.
A. when was the nearest hospital built B. how can I get to the nearest hospital
C. when the nearest hospital was built D. how I can get to the nearest hospital
【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句和问路的方式。D表示“我怎样能够到达最近的医院”。
【2022-无锡中考】10. —There will be a robot on show in our school next week.
—Really? I wonder ________.
A. what it likes B. what it is like C. what does it like D. what is it like
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句的语序问题，宾语从句中要用陈述语序，所以C和D都是错误的，根据第一句话可知我想的是这个机器人长得什么样子，所以选择B选项。
【2022-泰州中考】9. —Mum, do you know ________? An engineer.
—That’s interesting. I guess you often fix things for others in your school.
A. what do my classmates call me B. what my classmates call me
C. why do my classmates call me D. why my classmates call me
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——妈妈，你知道我的同学叫我什么吗？一名工程师。——这很有趣。我猜你经常在学校帮别人修东西。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“An engineer.”可知，是“叫我什么”，用what。故选B。
【2022-南通中考】4. Mary is good at writing. I am sure she’ll get a good place ________ she takes part in the writing competition.
A. before B. if C. though D. unless
【答案】B
【解析】句意：玛丽擅长写作。如果她参加写作比赛，我相信她会获得好成绩。
考查连词辨析。before在……以前；if如果；though尽管；unless除非。根据“I am sure she’ll get a good place...she takes part in the writing competition.”可知后句是前句的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句，故选B。
【2022-扬州中考】 3. ________ astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A. Though B. Till C. When D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当宇航员进行太空行走时，他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。
考查连词辨析。Though虽然；Till直到；When当……时候；Unless除非。根据“astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe”可知当宇航员太空行走时，他们会穿宇航服，用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。
【2022-宿迁中考】6. Yesterday, Lin Tao’s speech on how to be a good volunteer was ________ wonderful that we couldn’t stop cheering for him.
A. so B. very C. too D. quite
【答案】A
【解析】句意：昨天，林涛关于如何做好志愿者的演讲精彩到让我们忍不住为他欢呼。
考查副词辨析。so如此，修饰形容词或副词；very非常；too太；quite相当。根据“wonderful that we couldn’t stop cheering for him”可知此处是“so+adj./adv. that...”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以致于”。故选A。
【2022-连云港中考】6. Kitty, these books are heavy for you carry. Let me help you.
A. as...as B. too...to C. such...that D. so...hat
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定句式“too.........to............”, 表示“太..........而不能..........”。
【2022-无锡中考】9. You will not get the special gift ________ you finish all the tasks.
A. after B. because C. while D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】考查条件状语从句的连接词unless, 表示“除非”。
【2022-泰州中考】4. —It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own ________ both of us work together.
—No problem. Let’s start!
A. if B. but C. because D. unless
【答案】D
【解析】考查条件状语从句。unless意思是“除非”。这句话意思是“除非我们一起努力，否则靠我自己一人不可能在这么短的时间内完成这样一个艰难的任务。”

☞【模拟训练】
一、宾语从句
1. -Did Alice tell you to get to the station?
-Yes, she said we would meet there at ten.
A.how B. what C. when D. where
2. When you start your new journey, you shouldn’t forget you came from.
A.where B. what C. when D. why
3. —Jerry, I haven’t heard from Carl for a long time. Can you tell me ______ he is recently?
—He is busy with his driving test. You may communicate with him on the phone.
A.how B. which C. why D. when
4. —The 2016 Olympics is coming this August. Do you know it takes place?
—Every four years.
A. how long B. how soon C. how many D. how often
5. —Do you know Metro Line 4 will be completed?
—It’s already been in service for three months. And now it’s much easier and faster to go around the whole city.
A. how B. when C. where D. what
6. — Excuse me, could you tell me ______?
— In front of the gate of our school.
A. what time should we arrive at the park B. where should we meet
C. where I can find you tomorrow morning D. what we need to take with us
7. —Can you imagine in 100 years from now?
—It’ll be unbelievable.
A. how will life be like B. how life will be like
C. what life will be like D. what will life be like
8. Jack’s mother wonders ___________________.
A. that the computer cost him much B. how much will he pay for the computer
C. if the computer will cost him much D. how much he would pay for the computer
9.—Excuse me, could you tell me ?
—Better walk there. It’s only about ten minutes’ walk.
　 A. how far Suguo Supermarket is B. how far is Suguo Supermarket
C. how can I get to Suguo Supermarket D. how I can get to Suguo Supermarket
10. —I am a new reader. Could you tell me_________?
—Certainly. One week, and you can renew it.
A. how long can I keep this magazine B. how long I can keep this magazine
C. when can I keep this magazine D. when I can keep this magazine
11.My American friend Sam is quite interested in Nanjing. He wonders _______.
A.when was the Confucius Temple built B.How high is the Purple Mountain
C.that Nanjing was very rich in ancient times D.who built Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum
12. —Excuse me. Could you please tell me ?
—In about half an hour, I think. You can wait and have a cup of tea.
A. how long will Mr. Li be back B. how long Mr. Li will be back
C. how soon will Mr. Li be back D. how soon Mr. Li will be back
13. — Excuse me. Can you tell me ______?
— Go along this street and take the second turning on the right.
A. where is Laomendong B. when Laomendong was built
C. how I can get to Laomendong D. which way can I take to Laomendong
【答案】C A A D B C C C D B D D C

二、状语从句
1.______I have lost everything in this terrible earthquake, I have not lost my life.
A. Because B. So C. Although D. If
2.We don't know the love of our parents _______ we become parents ourselves one day.
A. until B. after C. when D. since
3.She stopped talking her mother came into the room.
A. as soon as B. unless C. though
4.—It has been much easier for me to go to work________ shared bikes appeared.
—But they also caused plenty of problems.
A. since B. before C. unless D. though
5.—Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.
—Don’t mention it. ______ you have more questions, come to me any time.
A. If B. Because C. Though
6.The Shape of Water was a big winner at the 90th Academy Awards, winning four Oscars: Best
Production Design, Best Score, Best Director and Best Picture.
A. as soon as B. as well as C. as much as D. as good as
7.The manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate ______ the guests arrived.
A. while B. when C. unless D. after
8.Many people like pandas they are cute.
A. though B. if C. while D. because
9.Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own , ______ he is only four years old.
A.if B. though C. for D. since
10.My grandfather does Chinese Kung Fu every day ________ he is over eighty.
A. since B. though C. until
11.Mr Black walked around and offered help____we were doing an experiment.
A.while B.although C.until D.unless
12.Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands ________ you eat.
A. until B. after C. while D. before
13.In summer, food will go bad quickly ________ we put it into a fridge.
A. if B. unless C. as soon as D. while
14.Mexican and Tex-Mex foods were popular in the USA, _______ now Chinese food has more fans.
A. because B. but C. so D. unless
15.Tony was drawing a picture_______ I was doing my homework.
A. if B. because C. while D. until
【答案】1-5 AAAAA 6-10BBDBB 11-15ADBBC

三、定语从句
单项选择
1.This is the school _______ we visited last year.
A. that B. where C. who D. whose
2.Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_______ has ever traveled in space.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
3.I can't find the book __________my mother bought me.
A. who B. when C. which D. where
4.She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .
A．who B．that C．which D. whose
5.—Do you know the man ______ is standing at the door?
—Yes, I do. He's a friend of_____.
A. when; I B. who; mine C. that; me D. which; my
6.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
7.A friend is someone______ says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A. who B. which C. what D. whose
【答案】1-7 A C C D B C A
填空题
1. The house _______ we live is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
【答案】
1. where 2. who/ that 3. which/ that 4. who/ that 5. that
6. that 7. which/ that 8. which/ that