专题07时态和语态-2023年高考英语一轮复习 精讲与精练资料（教师版）

专题07时态和语态
《考点•题型 •技巧》


考向分析

动词的时态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。
复习建议

1. 了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态；
2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
考点导航

考点01一般现在时动词形式为：do/does /am/is/ are 其被动表示：am/ is/ are + done
含义：（1）表示经常性动作、习惯性动作，或存在的状态。常与表示频率的副词或时间状语连用，比如：always，often, usually, sometimes, once a week, on Mondays…
含义：（2）表示客观事实、普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun.
其他：If ,as soon as. when等引导的条件状语从句、时间状语从句--主将从现。
其他：一般现在表将来--飞机起飞，火车发车、电影演出开演等按照时刻表或按计划发生的事情，用一般现在时表将来，来表达其客观性,此时常用动词如leave, come,start,begin,go,come等。
考点02现在进行时am/is /are doing 其被动表示：am/ is/ are being done
含义：（1）表示此时此刻正在进行。
含义：（2）表示现阶段正在进行。
标志词：now, these days 暗示词有：listen, see, can you see, can’t you see…
注意：写信、打电话：I am writing to ask…… I am phoning to ……
特例：表示感觉的动词、喜恶、希望、状态、归属、思维或理解能力一般不用现在进行时hear, smell, feel, taste, like/hate, want,remain, have, know, forget, believe, belong to等。
特例：用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，一般和时间状语连用，arrive, begin
going to 表将来；现在进行时表将来--be doing 可以表示将来，doing一般是coming, going, leaving。
（现在进行时与always，forever, continually， constantly等频度副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，有抱怨，赞叹等感情色彩。e.g, She is always thinking of herself.）
考点03现在完成时 has/have done 被动表示：has/have been done
含义：（1）表示已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响。常与already和yet连用，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句与疑问句。
含义：（2）表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也有可能持续下去）。
标志词：never, ever, since, for(注意for不是百分百标志着现在完成时，它只要和表示延续性的动词连用就可以，这里是很多同学的误区),since then, in the past/last days/years, so far, up to now, lately, recently
考点04现在完成进行时 has/have been doing 被动表示： has/have been being done
含义：表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。与完成时相比强调持续性。（现在完成进行时表示：动作连着做了一段时间，一般句中会表明后果）。
考点05一般过去时 did/ was/were 被动：was/ were done
含义：表示动作发生在过去。
标志：the other day, last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago,in 2012, just now…
注意：说话前发生的事，也算是过去：
考点06过去进行时—were/was doing 被动：was/were being done
含义：表示过去某个阶段或者某个时间点正在进行的动作。
标志：at that time, then……
标志:过去的某个具体时间点:e.g. I was reading at 9 o’clock yesterday.
标志:以过去的一个动作时间来按暗示时间点： I was reading when he came in.
考点07过去完成时-had done 被动：had been done
含义：过去的过去。表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。
标志词：常与by, before等介词短语，或时间状语从句连用其他：It was+一段时间+since+过去完成时：It was 5 years since we had met each other.
It was the first /…time+过去完成时
时间状语从句：(一…就…)
no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去时;
hardly+过去完成时+when+一般过去时;
scarcely+过去完成时+when+一般过去时.
考点08过去将来时-would do;was/were going to do
被动：would be done; was/were going to be done
含义：以过去的时间点来看，将要发生的某种动作或状态.称之为过去将来时。
考点09一般将来时:will do , am/ is/ are going to do,
被动形式：will be done; am/ is/ are going to be done
含义:（1）表示将来动作的发生或存在的状态—will do
含义：（2）表示已经下定决心要做的事，有迹象表明要发生的事（be going to do）
标志：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in two years ahead
其他，be to do，be about to do ，be on the point of doing也表示将要做某事。
考点10将来进行时will/shall be doing(shall用于第一人称I 和We, will无限制,will常见，shall了解即可)被动： will be being done
含义：将来某个时间正在发生的动作或事情。
考点11将来完成时will have done 被动：will have been done
含义：到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语从句为：“By +将来某个时间”
时态语态其他注意点：

（1） 宾语从句的句子时态一致问题：主句是现在或将来，则从句不受影响。如果是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词一般需要用过去的某种时态，具体那种过去时态，根据句意进行调整。
（2） 早该做某事：It is (high) time that +should do或者+动词过去时
（3） 有些词主动表被动
get+过去分词可以表被动；
系动词无被动look, sound, smell, taste, appear, seem, prove, become,get,keep,grow等；
表示开始、结束的词，begin，finish,start,open, stop,end……
表示主语的特性：read,write,drink,wash,dry,sell；
有些词组：run out;cost; take place;date back无被动
【题型分析】

1.People______ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健，所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
2.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.During my last winter holiday, I went to （加the）countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find改成found　
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
4.—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called
C. Will you call D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？——打了，他们对产品很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去时，故选A。
5.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found
C. had found D. have found
【答案】A
【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A
【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中As you go through this book是一个现在时了，所以后文就不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。
6. Unless some extra money________, the theatre will be close.
A. was found B. finds
C. is found D. found
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则，剧院就倒闭了。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
【名师点睛】本题考查一般现在时表将来和被动语态。Unless引导条件状语从句。表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来。如：
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 除非你早点动身，否则你就不能及时赶到那儿。
I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。
Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否，他都会失败。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。考生要注意归纳总结。
7.My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
8.—Mr. Jordan, we want to hear your opinion about the current NBA games.
—OK, I 　　　to that.
A.am coming B. have come
C. came D. come
【答案】A
【解析】考查现在进行时表将来的用法。英语中有一部分动词用进行时表示将来。常见的有:come, go, leave, arrive, stay等。
9.—Hi, let’s go skating.
—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ___________ in an application form for a new job.
A. fill B. have filled
C. am filling D. will fill
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——嗨，我们去滑冰吧。——对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一个新工作申请表。根据句意可知，我正在填表。故用现在进行时。
10.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working
C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
11.Jack ___________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked
C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，要用过去进行时，故选C。
12. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】 A
【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意＂在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪＂，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。
13.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ___________ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. would teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，要用将来完成时。故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选出正确的答案。
14.China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
15. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection.
A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
16. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
17.In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
18.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed
C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
19.—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ____________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait
C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。＂for+时间段＂与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。
20. The crazy fans ____________ patiently in the rain for almost three hours, and they would wait until the famous star arrived.
A. were waiting B. have waited
C. had been waiting D. would wait
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。因为would wait是过去将来时，可见此事发生在过去，再结合for two hours可知，wait这个动作是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻，并且还在等，一直要等到那位影星到来，所以用过去完成进行时：had been doing，因此选C项。
21.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I ____________ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。
22.Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he ____________ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间）；B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)；C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来）；D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去式，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。
【名师点睛】分析四个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。

1.When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！
【答案】将came改为comes
【解析】考查时态。主句是是一般将来时，且本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。
2.Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so（改为but/yet） once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。

1. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2.Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 （eating） (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
3.Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。
4.I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】have made
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
检测训练

Ⅰ、短文改错
Yesterday was my father’s birthday. We made many preparation for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very careful, eventually a warm sweater caught our eye but was purchased.
To showing my love for my father, I made a birthday cake under the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate her birthday. With candles lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, that made the room alive with the sound of cheering.
Then we take a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled in with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness.
Yesterday was my father’s birthday. We made many  for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very , eventually a warm sweater caught our eye was purchased.
To my love for my father, I made a birthday cake the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate birthday. With candles lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, made the room alive with the sound of cheering.
Then we a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness.
【参考答案】
第一处：preparation改成preparations make preparations for意为＂为……做准备＂。故把preparation改成preparations。
第二处：在find后面加a gift是可数名词，这里泛指＂一个礼物＂，用不定冠词，gift是辅音音素开头的单词。故在find后面加a。
第三处：careful改成carefully 修饰动词chose用副词。故把careful改成carefully。
第四处：but改成and 由语境可知，这里是递进关系而不是转折关系，故把but改成and。
第五处：showing改成show 这里是不定式作目的状语。故把showing改成show。
第六处：under改成with with the help of意为＂在……帮助下＂。故把under改成with。
第七处：her改成his 由上文＂my father’s birthday＂可知这是爸爸的生日，用his。故把her改成his。
第八处：that改成which 这里是非限制性定语从句，用which指代上文内容，在定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故把that改成which。
第九处：take改成took 本文的主体时态是一般过去时。故把take改成took。
第十处：去掉in be filled with意为＂充满了＂。故去掉in。
Ⅱ、语法填空
（一）
After David’s daughter was born, he decided to make one million dollars. He thought in this way his daughter would live 1 happy life.
In order to achieve his goal, David devoted most 2 his time to his business. While other fathers 3 (play) with their kids outside, he was working. While other fathers were reading stories to their kids, he was hanging out with his clients. His little daughter 4 (name) Jane hardly saw him.
Time flew fast. One day, when David returned home from work, he saw Jane 5 (sit) in the living room. 6 she saw him, she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while.＂Sorry, Jane, but I’m 7 (terrible) busy tonight. I have a lot of work to do.＂ He was about to leave when he heard Jane crying. So he stopped and asked why. ＂You’re always working. You have no time for me at all. You are not a good dad,＂ Jane said. David was 8 (lose) in thought after hearing that. He remembered why he worked so hard — he wanted Jane to live a happy life. However, things are against his wishes. He 9 (teach) a good lesson that day. Therefore, he made
【参考答案】
1. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他认为，这样他的女儿将过上幸福的生活。live a / an... life为固定短语，意为＂过着……的生活＂，所以填a。
2. of
【解析】考查介词。句意：为了实现他的目标，David把大部分时间都奉献在自己的生意上。most of ...为固定短语，意为＂大多数……＂，所以填of。
3. were playing
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：当其他的爸爸们在外面和他们的孩子玩耍的时候，他在工作。根据句意可知，该动作正在进行；又根据时态一致原则可知要用过去进行时。
4. named
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的名字叫Jane的小女儿几乎看不到他。根据句意可知，该空作daughter的后置定语，daughter和name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。
5. sitting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。see sb doing sth为固定短语，意为＂看见某人正在做某事＂。故此处应填sitting。
6. When
【解析】考查连词。句意：当她看见他，她跑过去，请求他陪她玩一会儿。根据句子的结构和逻辑关系可知，前半句是时间状语从句，故应填When，表示＂当……的时候＂。
7. terribly
【解析】考查副词。此处修饰形容词busy，故填副词terribly。
8. lost
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：听了那些话之后，David 陷入思考。be lost in意为＂沉迷于……＂，故填lost。
9. was taught
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：那天女儿给他上了很好的一课。根据句意可知主语he与teach为动宾关系，所以应用被动语态；时间状语是that day，用一般过去时。故填was taught。
10. decision
【解析】考查名词。make a decision为固定短语，意为＂做决定＂。故填decision。
（二）
Is there such a thing as being ＂over-protective＂?
I can honestly say that my answer to that question 1 (change) dramatically（戏剧性地）since I became a parent.
Before the birth of my daughter, I taught at 2 private school, often viewing my students as over-protected, worrying 3 would happen when they went on to middle schools.
Some did fine, and some did not. Some needed constant pats on the back, words of 4 (encourage) and extra support, which I 5 (happy) gave. Others were content on their own, needing little or no interaction（互动）with their teacher. 6 for the most part, graduates would go on for higher schooling.
I’d always supposed their parents were over-protective, for they were the ones that still walked their 7 (five) graders into the classroom and met them at the school gate.
Admittedly, I laughed at those parents, 8 (think) their children would never learn to be 9 (independence) if they didn’t let go just a little. Then I had my own daughter. The moment I looked at her little face, I 10 (know) I’d do everything in my power to protect her and make sure she always felt safe!
【文章大意】作者一直都认为现在很多孩子都被父母过度保护，但是在自己的女儿出生以后，他的观点发生了变化，他愿意做一切自己能做的来保护孩子。
1.has changed
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语since I became a parent，而since引导时间状语时，主语应该使用现在完成时。故填has changed。
2. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：在女儿出生之前，我在一所私立学校教书。本句中名词school（学校）是一个可数名词，前面加a表示泛指。
3. what
【解析】考查宾语从句。本句中what引导宾语从句＂what would happen＂作动词worry的宾语，并在句中作主语。
4. encouragement
【解析】考查名词。横线前面有介词of，说明横线上应该使用名词作宾语，动词encourage的名词是encouragement。
5. happily
【解析】考查副词。在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常作定语或表语修饰名词。本句中使用副词happily作状语修饰动词give。
6. But
【解析】考查连词。虽然有人需要鼓励，有人不需要鼓励，但是大部分人都要进入更高一级的学校学习。上下文之间表示转折关系，使用but连接上下文。
7. fifth
【解析】考查序数词。本句中the fifth graders指五年级的学生。很多父母亲还陪着五年级的学生上学。
8. thinking
【解析】考查分词作状语。本句中动词think与句子主语I之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中作状语。句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
9. independent
【解析】考查形容词。本句中形容词independent与be连用构成不定式作动词learn的宾语。句意：我嘲笑那些父母亲，认为他们的孩子永远都无法学会独立。
10. knew
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是the moment I looked at her little face，叙述的是过去发生的事情，所以主句中使用一般过时。
（三）
My wife and I like watching plays, so we’ll go to the theater whenever we have time. But before we buy tickets, we would like to know if the play is good or bad. When a new play comes, we 　1　(usual) read the newspaper to get information about it. Last week a new play was put on at the theater. The newspaper said it was very 　2　(interest) so we decided to go on Saturday night. My wife took a long time to make up her 　3　about what to wear and we left our house a little late. 　4　the time we got to the theater, the first act had already 　5　(begin). After the play was over, we met some friends, 　6　lived next to us several years ago. Then we went dancing. By the time we got home, it was about two o’clock in the morning. I’m not accustomed to 　7　(stay) out so late and I was 　8　(extreme) tired.
When I was younger, I didn’t have the money to go out for 　9　evening like this. Though I can afford it now, I don’t have the energy 　10　(enjoy) it.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和妻子的爱好以及作者和妻子去看戏的经历。
1.usually
【解析】考查副词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰动词 read。句意:当一部新戏上演的时候,我们通常读报纸得到关于这部戏的信息。
2.interesting
【解析】考查形容词的用法。此处的主语it指物,故应用提示词的形容词形式interesting"有趣的"。
3.mind
【解析】考查名词的用法。make up one’s mind是固定短语,表示"下定决心"。 句意:我的妻子花了很长时间决定穿什么,因此我们离开家的时候有点晚。
4.By
【解析】考查介词的用法。根据主句谓语"had already 　 (begin)"可知,这里的时间状语应该为by the time..."到……时候为止"。句意:当我们到达剧院的时候,第一幕已经开始了。
5.begun
【解析】考查动词的用法。由空前的had可知此处应用动词begin的过去分词形式。
6.who
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:戏剧表演结束之后,我们遇到几个朋友,他们几年前曾住在我们的隔壁。先行词some friends指人,关系词在从句中作主语,又因为是非限制性定语从句,故此空填who。
7.staying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be accustomed to doing sth."习惯于做某事",此固定短语中的to为介词,故应该用staying。
8.extremely
【解析】考查副词的用法。此空后面是形容词tired,所以用副词修饰形容词。故此空填extremely。此处表示我非常累。
9.an
【解析】考查冠词的用法。此处表示泛指且evening的发音是以元音音素开头的,故用不定冠词an。an evening一个晚上。句意:当我年轻的时候,我没有钱像这样出去玩一个晚上。
10.to enjoy
【解析】考查非谓语动词。have the energy to do sth.表示"有精力去做某事"。句意:尽管现在我能负担得起,但是我却没有精力去享受。
（四）
More than 1,250 lit stalls(货摊)brighten the center of Thailand’s capital city, 　1　(provide) a multicolored sight. The shelter, 　2　is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market, has become an 　3　(attract) itself.
The market, which 　4　(call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become 　5　popular spot for locals and tourists. Software engineer Prasad Ambati visited the market and took the landscape photographs from a nearby car park. "Those 　6　(color) tents and people shopping, eating at stalls and the flashing lights were great. The tents made me think of a giant painting."
This is 　7　(primary) a market that sells yesteryear(旧时) goods, old-fashioned 　8　(collection) of clothes, motorbikes, and second-hand toys. There are also plenty of general market things for sale, 　9　cheap clothes, shoes, bags, and other fashion items. But above all it’s one of the best places for street food, open-air bars with live music frequently 　10　(perform) all over.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了位于曼谷的夜市Train Night Market Ratchada。
1.providing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词;provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
2.which
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。
3.attraction
【解析】考查词性转换。根据空前的an可知，此处应填名词attraction "游览胜地，具有吸引力的事物"。
4.is called
【解析】考查时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时;which(指代The market)与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
5.a
【解析】考查冠词。spot表示"地点"，是可数名词，且此处为泛指，故填不定冠词a。
6.colo(u)rful
【解析】考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处指的是"颜色鲜艳的，五彩缤纷的"，故填colo(u)rful。
7.primarily
【解析】考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词，应该用副词，故填primarily。
8.collections
【解析】考查名词复数。空前无冠词或者形容词性物主代词，加之collection"收藏物，收藏品"是可数名词，故填collections。
9.like
【解析】考查介词。like意为"像，如"，用来列举事物。
10.performed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是"with+宾语+宾补"复合结构。宾语music和perform之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。