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江西省2021年中考英语试题（含详解）
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这是一份江西省2021年中考英语试题（含详解），共31页。
江西省2021年初中学业水平考试
英 语 试 题 卷
说明：
1. 全卷满分120 分, 考试时间120分钟。
2. 请将答案写在答题卡上, 否则不给分。
一、听力测试（20分）
现在是试听时间。请听一段对话, 然后回答问题。
What is the boy going to buy?
A. Some juice. B. Some oranges. C. Some apples.
答案是C。
A）请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听完每段对话后, 你都将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。（每小题1分）
1. Who drew the cat? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Sally. B. John. C. Kate.
【答案】C
【】
【原文】M: Come and look at the pictures. How nice! Who drew them?
W: Sally drew the pandas, and Kate drew the Kitty Cat.
2. Where is the supermarket? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. On Main Street. B. Across from the bank. C. Next to the hospital.
【答案】A
【】
【原文】M: Excuse me. Is there a supermarket near here?
W: Yes, there is one on Main Street. It’s across from the hospital.
3. How much will the man pay for the tickets? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. $ 4. B. $ 6. C. $ 8.
【答案】B
【】
【原文】M: Four tickets for the museum, please?
W: Four adults?
M: Oh, sorry, no. Two adults and two children.
W: OK. That’s six pounds, please.
4. Why is Linda happy? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She will see a movie. B. She will see her mother. C. She will get a new bike.
【答案】B
【】
【原文】M: Linda, you look happy today. Anything new?
W: Well, my mother is coming to see me this weekend.
5. What does the girl mean? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She is very scared. B. She is really surprised. C. She is a bit angry.
【答案】C
【】
【原文】M: I need the TV for my game.
W: I’m watching a really interesting program.
M: But I want to get to the next level.
W: You’re always using the TV. I haven’t watched it for ages.
B）请听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题, 从题中所给的AB、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听每段对话前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。（每小题1分）
请听对话，回答下列小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What’s the matter with the man?
A. He’s got a cough. B. He’s got a sore throat. C. He’s got a headache.
7. How long should the man take the medicine?
A. 3 days. B. 5 days. C. 7 days.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【】
【原文】W: Good morning. So what’s the problem?
M: I’ve got a sore throat. It’s really painful.
W: Let me have a look…ah…yes, it’s very red in there. Do you feel sick at all?
M: No, not really.
W: Let me check your temperature…Yes, it’s higher than normal. You need to take the medicine twice a day for seven days.
请听对话，回答下列小题。 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What time is the Sunday lunch?
A. At 12:30. B. At 1:00. C. At 1:30.
9. What do we know about David?
A. He is a customer. B. He is a manager. C. He is a waiter.
【答案】8. C 9. A
【】
【原文】W: Hello, Blue Restaurant.
M: I’d like to book a table for 3 for Sunday lunch, please.
W: Certainly, sir. What time?
M: 1:30, please.
W: That’s fine. Can I take your name?
M: Yes, it’s David.
W: OK, see you on Sunday.
请听对话, 回答下列小题。 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What happened to the woman on the first day?
A. Her bag was stolen. B. Her ID card was lost. C. Her money ran out.
11. What did she do in the last evening?
A. She had a big meal. B. She joined in singing. C. She went out for a walk.
12. What are they talking about?
A. The holiday. B. The accident. C. The concert.
【答案】10. A 11. B 12. A
【】
【原文】M: How was your holiday?
W: To be honest, I’m really happy to be home!
M: Why?
W: Well, on the first day at the hotel, someone stole my bag.
M: Did you catch the person?
W: No. Luckily, I’d packed my ID card and money in a different bag, so as soon as I’d bought some new clothes I went sightseeing.
M: Great.
W: The rest of the holiday went well until the last evening.
M: What happened then?
W: Suddenly it became dark in the hotel. The manager had some candles, then all the hotel guests sat in the reception area and sang songs from different countries. That was fun.
请听对话，回答下列小题。 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. Where do they have the party?
A. In the park. B. in the hotel. C. At home.
14. Why do they have the party?
A. Alice finished her courses. B. Mike’s sister has a new baby. C. Alice’s family is coming over.
15. What can we get from the conversation?
A. Alice is very busy today. B. Alice and Mike are classmates. C. Alice must bring a gift to the party.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. B
【】
【原文】M: Hi, Alice. How is it going?
W: Good. I finished all my courses yesterday so I can relax today.
M: Great. Would you like to come to my house? My family is coming over. We are having a party in the back garden. It’ll be fun.
W: Thanks, Mike. But it’s with your family so you probably don’t want other people there.
M: No, really. Don’t worry because I’m inviting a few people from our class as well. So you’ll know people. I’d really like you to come.
W: OK. Thanks, that would be great. Is it a special party?
M: Well, my oldest sister has a new baby girl, so it’s a bit of a celebration for that.
W: Oh! So I should bring something.
M: No, please don’t. It isn’t like that. There is no need…
C）请听下面一段独白, 根据独白内容完成下列句子, 每个空格不超过3个单词。将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。听独白前你将有50秒钟的时间阅读句子内容。独白读两遍。（每小题1分）
请听下面一段独白, 根据独白内容完成下列句子, 每个空格不超过3个单词。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
16. In ________, we took part in an event in India.
17. Each team drove a car to the ________ of India.
18. Our team raised around ________ dollars.
19. We drove for about ________ every day.
20. We managed to have a game of ________ with the local people.
【答案】16. 2019
17. east 18. 4,000##four thousand##4 thousand
19. 12 hours##twelve hours
20. football
【】
【原文】In 2019, a group of friends and I took part in an event in India. The event was to raise money for a charity. About 30 teams attended the event. Each team had a car, which they drove to the east of India. The journey took eight days.
We used a website to ask our friends and family for donations. It was really easy to receive their donations online. Our team raised around $4000, and in total, the event raised around $17,000.
And of course, the journey itself was lots of fun, too. We drove for about twelve hours every day, and saw some beautiful things along the way. We even managed to have a game of football with the local people! It was an experience I will never forget, and hopefully the money we raised will go some way to making people’s lives better.
二、单项填空（8分）
请阅读下面各小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（每小题1分）
21. Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a ________ about that.
A. pilot B. doctor C. singer D. postman
【答案】B
【】
【分析】
【详解】句意：你的腿看起来很糟！我想你应该请一个医生来。
考查名词辨析。pilot飞行员；doctor医生；singer歌手；postman邮递员。根据“Your leg looks really bad!”可知，应该是叫医生来。故选B。
22. —What’s the terrible noise?
—It’s John. He ________ the violin.
A. practiced B. is practicing C. was practicing D. has praticed
【答案】B
【】
【详解】句意：——那可怕的声音是什么？——是约翰。他正在练习小提琴。
考查现在进行时。根据“What’s the terrible noise?”可知，此处表示动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选B。
23. Sue works ________, so she never seems to make mistakes.
A. late B. alone C. happily D. carefully
【答案】D
【】
【详解】句意：Sue工作认真，所以她似乎从来没有犯过错误。
考查副词辨析。late晚地；alone独自；happily开心地；carefully认真地。根据“so she never seems to make mistakes”可知，她工作认真，故选D。
24. These beautiful animals are endangered. We must ________ them.
A. save B. show C. stop D. catch
【答案】A
【】
【详解】句意：这些美丽的动物濒临灭绝。我们必须拯救它们。
考查动词辨析。save拯救；show展示；stop停止；catch抓住。根据“These beautiful animals are endangered.”可知，“拯救”符合语境，故选A。
25. There are no buses to the beach. ________ you have a car, it’s difficult to get there.
A. Since B. After C. Unless D. Because
【答案】C
【】
【详解】句意：没有去海滩的公共汽车。除非你有车，否则很难到达那里。
考查连词辨析。since自从；after在……之后；unless除非；because因为。分析“…you have a car, it’s difficult to get there.”可知，此处表示否定的条件，用unless引导条件状语从句，故选C。
26. —How do we turn on the oven?
—I ________ you, weren’t you listening?
A. tell B. am telling C. will tell D. have told
【答案】D
【】
【详解】句意：——我们怎么打开烤箱？——我已经告诉过你，你当时没在听吗？
考查动词时态。根据“How do we turn on the oven”及“weren’t you listening”可知，表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选D。
27. — Are you going to the airport by bus?
— I’d rather take a taxi. It’s ________.
A. quicker B. cheaper C. the quickest D. the cheapest
【答案】A
【】
【分析】
【详解】句意：——你要坐公共汽车去机场吗? ——我宁愿坐出租车。它更快一些。
考查形容词词义辨析及比较级。quicker更快；cheaper更便宜；the quickest最快；the cheapest最便宜。根据句意可知，是“by bus”和“take a taxi”作比较，应用比较级形式；又根据“I’d rather take a taxi.”可知，这里指更快一些，故选A。
28. The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ________ on TV and becomes very known.
A. interviewed B. has interviewed C. was interviewed D. will be interviewed
【答案】C
【】
【详解】句意：他在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中表现出色。他因为接受了电视采访而出名了。
考查一般过去时被动语态。主语he是动作interview的承受者，根据语境可知，采访的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
三、完形填空（26分）
A)请先阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（每小题1分）
They weigh almost nothing. Yet they are ___29___ than steel. In fact, some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials, ___30___ they can be pulled longer than elastic（橡皮筋）. They can also be any ___31___. Spider webs are amazing.
A spider has hundreds of small openings in its body. Silk comes out of these openings as a liquid（液体） and, as it reaches the air, it becomes tread-like. These ___32___ threads（线）come together to form a single thread.
The spider can make many different kinds of thread. The tread can be thick or thin, wet or dry, or sticky. Each kind has a different ___33___. Some webs create an egg box. Others ___34___ hiding places. The most common purpose of a spider web, however, is to catch food.
There are many ___35___ the spider uses its web to catch food. For example some spiders produce a single thread. An insect then sits on it ___36___ realizing what it is doing, and becomes ___37___. Slowly, the spider moves towards the insect. ___38___, it covers its food in silk.
Some spiders use a different kind of ___39___, They make webs that cheat insects. An insect sees the web and thinks it’s a flower. It then ___40___ the web. The spider can feel even the smallest movement of the web, and rushes at the insect ___41___ it can get away.
Spider webs are so ___42___ that engineers have been studying them for years. They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic. However, for the moment, spiders are keeping their ___43___. Although they have made great progress in science and technology, humans still haven’t been able to copy natural webs.
29. A. stronger B. brighter C. heavier D. thicker
30. A. so B. but C. if D. or
31. A. shape B. price C. weight D. temperature
32. A. wide B. broken C. tiny D. weak
33. A. direction B. purpose C. size D. name
34. A. provide B. choose C. find D. change
35. A. problems B. reasons C. steps D. ways
36. A. by B. for C. without D. in
37. A. lost B. stuck C. excited D. burnt
38. A. Sadly B. Clearly C. Suddenly D. Loudly
39. A. help B. material C. power D. trick
40. A. lands on B. moves towards C. flies over D. looks into
41. A. when B. before C. until D. unless
42. A. soft B. expensive C. important D. amazing
43. A. habits B. plans C. secrets D. records
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. C
【】
【分析】本文主要介绍蜘蛛网的神奇之处，它既可以很坚固又可以拉得比橡皮筋更长。蜘蛛用它的网来捕捉食物的方式有很多，也有很多伎俩来迷惑昆虫，当昆虫落在蜘蛛网上，在它意识到要逃走之前，蜘蛛就已经用吐出的丝覆盖住它。人类研究蜘蛛网很多年，但还是不能复制自然的蜘蛛网。
【29题详解】
句意：然而，它们比钢铁还要坚固。
stronger更牢固的；brighter更明亮的；heavier更重的；thicker更厚的。根据“In fact, some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials”可知，蜘蛛的网比钢铁还坚固，故选A。
【30题详解】
句意：但是它们可以被拉得比橡皮筋更长。
so所以；but但是；if如果；or或者。“some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials”与“they can be pulled longer than elastic”是转折关系，故选B。
31题详解】
句意：它们也可以是任何形状。
shape形状；price价格；weight重量；temperature温度。根据常识可知，蜘蛛网可以变成任何形状，故选A。
【32题详解】
句意：这些细线聚在一起形成一条线。
wide广泛的；broken破坏的；tiny微小的；weak微弱的。根据“Silk comes out of these openings as a liquid”可知，从蜘蛛身体出来的像丝一样微小的线，聚在一起形成一条线，故选C。
【33题详解】
句意：每一种都有不同的目的。
direction方向；purpose目的；size尺寸；name名字。根据“Some webs create an egg box. Others … hiding places”可知，每一种蜘蛛线都有不同的目的，故选B。
【34题详解】
句意：另一些则提供藏身之处。
provide提供；choose选择；find找到；change改变。根据“hiding places”可知，此处指提供隐藏之处，故选A。
【35题详解】
句意：蜘蛛用它的网来捕捉食物的方式有很多。
problems问题；reasons原因；steps步骤；ways方法。根据“some spiders produce a single thread”可知，此处指捕捉食物的方法，故选D。
【36题详解】
句意：然后一只昆虫坐在上面，没有意识到它在做什么，就被粘住了。
by通过；for为了；without没有；in在……里。根据“An insect then sits on it …realizing what it is doing”可知，昆虫这时还没有意识到发生了什么，故选C。
【37题详解】
句意：然后一只昆虫坐在上面，没有意识到它在做什么，就被粘住了。
lost迷失的；stuck粘住的；excited兴奋的；burnt烧伤的。昆虫如果落在蜘蛛网上，就会被它粘住，故选B。
【38题详解】
句意：突然，它用丝覆盖食物。
Sadly难过地；clearly清晰地；Suddenly突然；Loudly大声地。根据“Slowly, the spider moves towards the insect”可知，刚开始先是慢慢地靠近食物，然后再突然用丝覆盖它，故选C。
【39题详解】
句意：有些蜘蛛使用一种不同的伎俩。
help帮助；material材料；power能量；trick诡计。根据“They make webs that cheat insects”可知，是用一些诡计来混淆昆虫的视线，故选D。
【40题详解】
句意：然后它落在了网上。
lands on降落在；moves towards走向；flies over飞过；looks into窥视。根据“It then…the web”可知，是昆虫落在了蜘蛛网上，故选A。
【41题详解】
句意：蜘蛛甚至能感觉到蛛网的微小移动，在昆虫逃走之前就冲向它。
when当……时；before在……之前；until直到；unless除非。根据“rushes at the insect… it can get away”可知，是在昆虫逃走之前就抓住它，故选B。
【42题详解】
句意：蜘蛛网是如此惊人，以至于工程师们已经研究了很多年。
soft柔软的；expensive昂贵的；important重要的；amazing令人差异的。根据“They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic”可知，蜘蛛网又坚固又有弹性，让人感觉很差异，故选D。
【43题详解】
句意：然而，目前蜘蛛还在保守自己的秘密。
habits爱好；plans计划；secrets秘密；records记录。根据“humans still haven’t been able to copy natural webs”可知，人类还没有复制自然的蜘蛛网，所以这对于人类来说还是一种秘密，故选C。
B）请先阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空, 并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。（每小题1分）
star, still, good, rest, up, how, pollution, stop, small, see, towards
Look up at the sky at night. What can you see? Before electric lights, people could often see about 2,500 different stars. Now, light fills the skies over our cities. This is called light ___44___. Because of it, people in cities can often only see about ten ___45___!
Most of the time, light helps us. We can ___46___ because of it. It gives plants energy. But light isn’t always ___47___. We need times of dark ___48___. One hundred years ago, we had those times of dark. Now the night is like day. Some scientists are worried about ___49___ this light effects（影响）our health. These scientists are studying the effects of light pollution.
Other scientists are finding ways to ___50___ light pollution and make our lives better. For example, many street lights now have covers. The covers focus the light ___51___ the ground. They stop the light from going ___52___ into the sky. They also save energy. The covers are a ___53___change, but they can ___54___ have a positive（正面的）effect.
【答案】44. pollution
45. stars 46. see
47. good 48. to rest
49. how 50. stop
51. towards 52. up
53. small 54. still
【】
【分析】本文主要关于光污染的问题以及阻止光污染的措施。
【44题详解】
句意：这叫光污染。阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述光污染的问题，pollution污染，名词。故填pollution。
【45题详解】
句意：正因为如此，城市里的人们常常只能看到十颗星左右！根据“Before electric lights, people could often see about 2,500 different stars.”以及“Because of it, people in cities can often only see about ten...”可知，因为光污染，城市里的人们现在只能看到大约十颗星星，备选词汇“star”符合语境，此处填名词复数stars。故填stars。
【46题详解】
句意：我们可以看到因为它。根据“Most of the time, light helps us.”以及常识可知，光可以让我们看见东西，备选词汇“see”符合语境，空前有情态动词，后接动词原形。故填see。
【47题详解】
句意：但光并不总是好的。根据“Most of the time, light helps us.”以及“But light isn’t always...”可知，此处表示转折，描述光的坏处，备选词汇“good”符合语境。故填good。
【48题详解】
句意：我们需要天黑的时候休息。根据常识可知，天黑时要我们要休息，备选词汇“rest”符合语境，need sth. to do需要某物来做。故填to rest。
【49题详解】
句意：一些科学家担心这种光如何影响我们的健康。根据“this light effects our health”可知，此处表示影响我们健康的方式，用how。故填how。
【50题详解】
句意：其他科学家正在寻找方法阻止光污染，让我们的生活更美好。根据“Other scientists are finding ways to...light pollution and make our lives better.”可知，此处表示阻止光污染，备选词汇“stop”符合语境，空前有to，用动词原形。故填stop。
【51题详解】
句意：灯罩将光线聚焦在地面上。此处表示将光聚焦到地面上，备选词汇“towards”符合语境。故填towards。
【52题详解】
句意：它们阻止光线往天上照。此处表示灯罩不让光往天上照，备选词汇“up”向上，符合语境。故填up。
【53题详解】
句意：灯罩是一个小的变化，但它们仍然可以有一个正面的影响。空处缺少一个形容词，备选词汇“small”符合语境，表示灯罩是一个小小的变化。故填small。
【54题详解】
句意：灯罩是一个小的变化，但它们仍然可以有一个正面的影响。根据“They also save energy. The covers are a...change, but they can...have a positive effect.”可知，此处表示虽然灯罩只是一个小的变化，但它们仍然有正面的影响，备选词汇“still”符合语境。故填still。
四、补全对话（5分）
请阅读下面对话, 根据对话内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处, 使对话通顺、合理, 意思完整, 并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。一空一句。（每小题1分）
(Jack and Reem are talking in front of the house. Jack=J Reem=R)
J: Hey, Reem. ___55___ What’s wrong?
R: I’ve fallen out（闹翻） with Lee!
J: I can’t believe that. Calm down! ___56___
R: Well, you know we were planning to go horse riding in the summer holidays.
J: Yes.
R: Well, it’s not going to happen! He said his friend has invited him to visit him and his family in the USA this summer.
J: Well, that’s not so bad! He probably thought it was a good chance. ___57___
R: I know, but I was really looking forward to learning to ride! Anyway, we argued, and he hasn’t spoken to me all day!
J: Look, Reem, it’s not the end of the world. He’s probably upset at the moment, too. ___58___
R: Good idea. He usually listens to you.
J: Cheer up! ___59___ And Lee is, too!
R: Yes, I know. Thanks, Jack.
A. What happened?
B. You look upset.
C. I can talk to him.
D. I’m still your friend.
E. What’s your idea for that?
F. You can go horse riding with others.
G. I’m sure he didn’t want to hurt your feelings.
【答案】55. B 56. A 57. G 58. C 59. D
【】
【分析】本段对话主要是Reem向Jack倾诉自己和Lee闹翻了，Jack对Reem进行安慰，给出建议。
【55题详解】
根据“What’s wrong?”可知，Reem不太对劲，选项B“你看起来有点不安。”符合情景，故选B。
【56题详解】
根据“I’ve fallen out（闹翻） with Lee!”和“Well, you know we were planning to go horse riding in the summer holidays.”可知，Reem和Lee闹翻了，Jack询问原因，选项A“发生了什么？”符合情景，故选A。
【57题详解】
根据“Well, that’s not so bad! He probably thought it was a good chance.”可知，此处是Jack安慰Reem，选项G“我确定他不想伤害你的感情。”符合情景，故选G。
【58题详解】
根据“Good idea. He usually listens to you.”可知，此处Jack提议自己去跟Lee谈谈，选项C“我可以和他谈谈。”符合情景，故选C。
【59题详解】
根据“Cheer up…And Lee is, too!”可知，Jack鼓励Reem振作，说自己和Lee都还是Reem的朋友，选项D“我还是你的朋友。”符合情景，故选D。
五、阅读理解（46分）
A）请阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（每小题2分）
A
ART FESTIVAL
14-24 August, 2021
VIDEO
An hourly show of videos presented by Pemberton Secondary School students. Video themes are about intellectually （智力）disabled youth and their parents.
Venue: Capital Hall
Dates: 14-22 August
Free admission
PERFORMANCE
Alpine Youth Theater presents A Cat’s Mind with cheerful songs and dance, promising to give a wonderful performance by 20 young people between 18 and 25 years of age.
Venue: National Arts Theater
Dates: 15-23 August
Free admission
CONCERT
Eric Fawkins, two-time Prima Music Prize winner, will perform an evening of classical and jazz ballads. Eric Fawkins’ latest CD will also be on sale.
Venue: Victory Theater
Dates: 22-24 August
Tickets: available at $50 (child), $80 (adult)
60. When will A Cat’s Mind be performed?
A. 14-24 August. B. 15-23 August. C. 22-24 August. D. 14-22 August.
61. What is the price of an adult ticket for the concert?
A. $80. B. $50. C. $20. D. $18.
62. Which of the following is true according to the ads above?
A. A group of children perform A Cat’s Mind.
B. Fawkins has won Prima Music Prize once.
C. The video show is presented by the parents.
D. You can buy Fawkins’ latest CD at the concert.
【答案】60. B 61. A 62. D
【】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向我们介绍艺术节的相关信息。
60题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Alpine Youth Theater presents A Cat’s Mind with cheerful songs and dance…Dates: 15-23 August”可知，A Cat’s Mind将于8月15-23日表演，故选B。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据“CONCERT…Tickets: available at $50 (child), $80 (adult)”可知，成人票价80美元，故选A。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Eric Fawkins’ latest CD will also be on sale”可知，埃里克·福克斯的最新CD也将出售，故选D。
B
British adventurer（冒险家） Alastair Humphreys had ridden his bike around the world, walked cross India, and rowed （划船）from Africa to South America. In 2011, however, Humphreys had some of the biggest adventurers of his life and he never even left the United Kingdom.
For a year, Humphreys went on microadventures—small, low-cost trips close to home. Why did he do this? “I started to think that it was possible to have an adventure anywhere.” He explains. For his first trip, he went hiking with a friend around the M25-a 188-kilometre road that goes all the way around London. Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames, sleeping outside on a hill, and going on a mountain biking trip. Humphreys learned something important from his microadventures: We find adventures when we try something new.
Humphreys wanted other people to make this discovery, too, so he decided to share his idea. He challenged people to go on microadventures and send him four-minute videos of their trips. He asked them to do things like climb a hill, go away for a weekend, or choose a random （任意的）place on a map and go there. People from all over the world accepted his challenge and posted their videos on Twitter.
63. Which of the following belong to microadventures? Check and choose the right answer.
① walk across India
② sleep outside on a hill
③ go away for a weekend
④ swim in the River Thames
⑤ row from Africa to South America
⑥hike around the road around London
A. ①③④⑤ B. ①④⑤⑥ C. ②③④⑥ D. ②③⑤⑥
64. What can we know about Humphreys’ personality according to the passage?
A. Brave, creative and active. B. Proud, humorous and kind.
C. Careful, quiet and hard-working. D. Confident, strict and warm-hearted.
65. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Big Challenge B. An Amazing Travel
C. Keep a Trip Record D. Go for a Microadventure
【答案】63. C 64. A 65. D
【】
【分析】本文讲述了冒险家Alastair的冒险经历，以及他从这些经历中的感悟。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据“he went hiking with a friend around the M25—a 188-kilometre road that goes all the way around London”“Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames, sleeping outside on a hill, and going on a mountain biking trip”可知，都包括了和朋友远足，泰晤士河游泳，在山上睡觉，骑山地自行车旅行，故选C。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文的描述，他喜欢冒险说明他很勇敢，他在一年时间里开始了自己的离家不远的低成本旅行，可以看出他很有创造力，他积极的把自己的想法和分享给其他人，说明他是积极活跃的，故选A。
【65题详解】
最佳标题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“微旅行”而展开，所以最适合本文的标题是“Go for a Microadventure”，故选D。
C
Today, by carefully choosing dog parents, humans have created many different kinds of dog. Each kind has its own look and talents and its own role within human society. Here are three examples of “a dog’s life” in the human world.
Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. Shaynee is a therapy（治疗）dog. She visits children who are in hospital. Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace which can be hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, even help them get better.
Today some beagles（小猎犬）work in airports for the government. They are part of the program called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose, and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal（非法的）fruits, vegetables, and other foods in luggage or in mail. The beagles do the job far better than any human could.
While some dogs are working hard, others are free to spend their days resting and playing. Across the world, many pet dogs are treated like children. Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want. Some even have their own clothes. Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow or even going to classes. Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so.
Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways. There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too. Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as “man’s best friend” has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.
66. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Hospitals need many special dogs. B. Dogs can take care of patients.
C. Patients need love in the hospital. D. Doctors are too busy to see patients.
67. What does the underlined word “domestic” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Trained. B. Smart. C. Hungry. D. Valuable.
68. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To ask people to treat dogs as their own children.
B. To explain why humans need beagles in their work.
C. To tell people about the history of dogs’ development.
D. To show a good relationship between dogs and humans.
69. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
【答案】66. B 67. A 68. D 69. C
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人类世界中“狗的生活”的三个例子，向我们展示狗和人之间的良好关系。
【66题详解】
段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍专门训练的狗可以给病人带来爱和欢乐，故选B。
【67题详解】
词义猜测题。分析“Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as ‘man’s best friend’ has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.”可知，许多种类的野狗几乎已经从地球上消失了，然而驯养的狗作为“人类最好的朋友”的特殊地位使它能够在人类世界中生存下来。此处domestic的意思是“驯养的”，故选A。
【68题详解】
主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文介绍人类世界中“狗的生活”的三个例子，向我们展示狗和人之间的良好关系。故选D。
【69题详解】
篇章结构题。第一段总领全文，第二、三、四段介绍三种不同类型的狗在我们生活中的例子，第五段总结。故选C。
D
Eight hundred years ago, a man in southern Turkey invented an amazing clock. It was more than 7 meters high. At its base（基座）was a life-size model elephant. Every half hour, something amazing happened. The whole clock came alive: Model birds, dragons, and people started to move.
The clock’s inventor was an engineer named al-Jazari. He lived in Turkey. Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering.”
We know about al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. ________ They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.
Many everyday things today-from toys to car engines（发动机）-still use al-Jazari’s ideas. Without his machines with moving parts, we might not have modern-day robots.
Today, it is still possible to see what al-Jazari’s elephant cock looked like. A full-size working model is in Dubai’s Ibn Battuta Mall. There, every half hour, al-Jazari’s most amazing invention comes to life once again.
How Does the Elephant Clock Work?
A bowl with a small hole floats（浮）in a water tank（水箱）inside the elephant’s body. As the bowl slowly sinks（下沉）, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure. His moving pen shows the number of minutes past the hour.
Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock. The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.
The ball then drops out of a falcon’s mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon. The weight of the ball causes the dragon’s head to move down and the dragon’s tail pulls the water bowl back up.
Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon’s mouth and into a vase. As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound. The cycle begins again until there are no more ball in the top of the clock.
70. Why is al-Jazari called “the father of modern-day engineering”?
A. His ideas are still widely used in machines.
B. The elephant clock is an amazing invention.
C. His inventions include some parts of modern robots.
D. His book about machines is still popular with readers.
71. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “________” in Paragraph 3.
A. He became famous when he was a young man.
B. He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C. It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D. People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
72. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A. The pen moves. B. The all drops.
C. The bowl sinks completely. D. The bowl pulls the rope.
73. How does the elephant clock work? Put the steps in the correct order.
a. The ball drops into the vase.
b. The ball drops into the dragon’s mouth.
c. The elephant driver moves and makes a sound.
d. After 30 minutes, a ball starts to fall from the top.
e. The bowl moves down in the water and pulls on ropes.
A. b-d-a-c-e B. e-d-b-a-c C. a-e-b-d-c D. c-a-d-e-b
【答案】70. A 71. C 72. C 73. B
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一个神奇的时钟。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him ‘the father of modern-day engineering.’”可知，Al-Jazari可能是历史上最伟大的工程师之一，一些历史学家称他为“现代工程学之父”。选项A“他的思想仍被广泛应用于机器”符合，故选A。
【71题详解】
推理判断题。分析“They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.”可知，这本书包括钟表和手洗衣机，也有展示每台机器如何工作的图纸。选项C“它描述了许多各种形状和大小的机器”符合语境，故选C。
【72题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock.”可知，每半个小时，水碗就会装满，并完全下沉，这导致一个球从时钟的顶部掉下来。此处this指的是“碗完全下沉”，故选C。
【73题详解】
细节理解题。根据“A bowl with a small hole floats（浮）in a water tank（水箱）inside the elephant’s body. As the bowl slowly sinks（下沉）, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure.”，“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely.”，“The ball then drops out of a falcon’s mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon.”，“Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon’s mouth and into a vase.”和“As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound.”可知，正确的顺序是e-d-b-a-c，故选B。
E
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic（基因的）, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment. Now scientists are discovering that the boundaries（界限）between genes and environment are not so clear.
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（领养）as babies and raised by different couples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common. Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice. When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical. They’d both had dogs named Toy. They had both married women named Linda and then their marriage broke up. They’d both been policemen, enjoyed music, and left love notes around the house for their wives. They had so much in common, it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences （巧合）.
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins. Bouchard tested. When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education. It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
However, genes can’t control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins. Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people. “What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” She explains. “Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can.”
74. How many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentioned?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
75. What did Bouchard’s study find about the twins?
A. Each seemed to be as tall as their twin. B. Each had the same hobby as their twin.
C. Each had almost the same ability as their twin. D. Each had about the same IQ level as their twin.
76. What is Reed’s opinion about genes and environment?
A. Only DNA has an effect on our development.
B. Environment could possibly change some things about us.
C. There are no boundaries between genes and environment.
D. Environmental differences can sometimes change our DNA.
77. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The way the DNA behaves.
B. The similarities between the Jim twins.
C. The connection between intelligence and families.
D. The effects of genes on personality and intelligence.
【答案】74. C 75. D 76. B 77. D
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，过去科学家认为身体相似性是由基因决定的，而他们之间的性格、智力和其他差异则受他们所处环境的影响。但是现在，科学家们发现基因和环境之间的界限并不那么清晰。介绍了基因对人格和智力的影响。
【74题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice.”可知，两人身高都是六英尺，体重一百八十磅，有着同样的笑容和同样的声音。提及二人四处身体上的相似之处，故选C。
【75题详解】
推理判断题。根据“When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education.”可知，当他们比较双胞胎的智商分数时，Bouchard和他的团队得出了一个令人惊讶的结论：智力在很大程度上与基因有关，而不是与训练或教育有关。所以他们的智商水平和他们的双胞胎差不多，故选D。
【76题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.”可知，里德的研究表明，虽然没有什么能真正改变我们的DNA，但孩子在出生前和一岁时所经历的环境差异有时会影响DNA的行为方式，甚至使同卵双胞胎成为非常不同的人。所以环境可能会改变我们的一些事情，故选B。
【77题详解】
主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，通过研究结果说明基因对人格和智力的影响。故选D。
B）请先阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后根据短文内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中使短文意思通顺结构完整, 并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。一空一句。（每小题2分）
The Value of Negative Results
We all avoid failure（失败）, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. What does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist（存在）without the other.
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though we are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. ___78___ In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn more “negative（负面的）” results and that this can finally lead to positive results.
___79___ The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute （机构）of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Eli Lilly and Company had failure parties to study the drugs（药物）that don’t work.
In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. ___80___ The product, though unique（独特的）at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features（特点）didn’t work properly. As a result, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.
___81___Not only should we try to learn from it if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent（执着的）. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone but in the end, the effort became successful.
All in all, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. ___82___
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
D. The business world already understands the value of negative results.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
F. However, things are slowly changing, especially in business and science.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
78. _______
79. _______
80. ______
81. _______
82. _______
83. 书面表达
失败乃成功之母。本卷阅读理解B部分文章讨论了失败对于获取成功具有重要的价值请你根据下面提示，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你如何借鉴Apple的成功经验，采取有效行动，失败为成功。
写作要点：
1 What have you learned from Apple’s story?
2 Have you ever experienced a failure? What was it?
3 What will you do to turn it into a success?
要求：
1短文应包括提示中所有的写作要点，条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥；
2短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3词数不少于80。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】78. F
79. D
80. C
81. G
82. A
83. 例文
Failure can lead to success. We should study it and learn why we make mistakes, then find ways to solve our problems. Also, we should never give up!
I once tried out for a speech competition. I practiced it many times. Unexpectedly, I failed. I’ve never spoken in front of the public ever since.
Apple’s story is quite an inspiration for me. What can I do to make it? First, be confident and try to speak in public places. Second, ask my teachers or friends for some advice and improve my language skills. Finally, be persistent and practice speeches over and over again.
I’m sure I will succeed some day.
【】
【分析】本文介绍了人们对待错误不同态度，过去的时候人们害怕错误，避免错误；现在人们正面错误，从错误中吸取教训，改进产品。
【78题详解】
根据上一句“Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success.”可知人们并不愿意接受失败，但通过空格后的内容可以知道，人们开始接受失败，并在科技和商业界做一些与失败有关的研究。前后存在转折关系，F选项“然而，事情在慢慢地改变，尤其是在商业和科技方面。”，符合题意。故选 F。
【79题详解】
根据空格后“The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute(机构) of Brilliant Failure to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Ei Lily and Company had failure parties to study the drugs (药物) that don’t work.”可知商界已有人士认识到失败的价值，并进行相应的研究，D选项“商界早已领悟到了负面结果的价值。”，符合题意。故选 D。
【80题详解】
根据下文“The product, though unique (独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy”可知这个产品在那个时候是昂贵且笨重的，尽管很独特，此处在介绍一个新的产品。C选项“在二十世纪九十年代初期，苹果公司创造了一款名为苹果牛顿的手机。”，符合题意。故选 C。
【81题详解】
根据前文“However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.”举苹果公司由失败到成功的例子，可知失败极为重要，与后文“Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent (执着的) .如果我们想要获得成功，不仅要从中学习，还要坚持不懈。”相衔接。G选项“苹果牛顿的故事告诉我们一个与失败有关的重要道理。”符合题意。故选G。
【82题详解】
根据前文“Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin。”可知失败与成功是同一枚硬币的两面，所以二者相互依存，A选项“失败与成功无法离开彼此而存在。”，符合题意。故选A。
【83题详解】
（1）.题干解读：本文要求根据阅读理解B部分文章，谈谈如何借鉴Apple的成功经验，结合所给写作要点写一篇文章。内容包括从Apple的故事中学习到了什么，你的失败经历，要如何将失败变为成功。
（2）.写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称写作，时态为一般现在时和一般过去时。第一部分介绍从Apple的成功中学习到了什么，时态为一般现在时；第二部分描写自己的失败经历，时态为一般过去时；第三部分为如何把失败变为成功，时态为一般现在时。写作时要行文连贯，条理清晰，语言准确。
江西省2021年初中学业水平考试
英 语 试 题 卷
说明：
1. 全卷满分120 分, 考试时间120分钟。
2. 请将答案写在答题卡上, 否则不给分。
一、听力测试（20分）
现在是试听时间。请听一段对话, 然后回答问题。
What is the boy going to buy?
A. Some juice. B. Some oranges. C. Some apples.
答案是C。
A）请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听完每段对话后, 你都将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。（每小题1分）
1. Who drew the cat? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Sally. B. John. C. Kate.
【答案】C
【】
【原文】M: Come and look at the pictures. How nice! Who drew them?
W: Sally drew the pandas, and Kate drew the Kitty Cat.
2. Where is the supermarket? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. On Main Street. B. Across from the bank. C. Next to the hospital.
【答案】A
【】
【原文】M: Excuse me. Is there a supermarket near here?
W: Yes, there is one on Main Street. It’s across from the hospital.
3. How much will the man pay for the tickets? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. $ 4. B. $ 6. C. $ 8.
【答案】B
【】
【原文】M: Four tickets for the museum, please?
W: Four adults?
M: Oh, sorry, no. Two adults and two children.
W: OK. That’s six pounds, please.
4. Why is Linda happy? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She will see a movie. B. She will see her mother. C. She will get a new bike.
【答案】B
【】
【原文】M: Linda, you look happy today. Anything new?
W: Well, my mother is coming to see me this weekend.
5. What does the girl mean? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She is very scared. B. She is really surprised. C. She is a bit angry.
【答案】C
【】
【原文】M: I need the TV for my game.
W: I’m watching a really interesting program.
M: But I want to get to the next level.
W: You’re always using the TV. I haven’t watched it for ages.
B）请听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题, 从题中所给的AB、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听每段对话前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。（每小题1分）
请听对话，回答下列小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What’s the matter with the man?
A. He’s got a cough. B. He’s got a sore throat. C. He’s got a headache.
7. How long should the man take the medicine?
A. 3 days. B. 5 days. C. 7 days.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【】
【原文】W: Good morning. So what’s the problem?
M: I’ve got a sore throat. It’s really painful.
W: Let me have a look…ah…yes, it’s very red in there. Do you feel sick at all?
M: No, not really.
W: Let me check your temperature…Yes, it’s higher than normal. You need to take the medicine twice a day for seven days.
请听对话，回答下列小题。 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What time is the Sunday lunch?
A. At 12:30. B. At 1:00. C. At 1:30.
9. What do we know about David?
A. He is a customer. B. He is a manager. C. He is a waiter.
【答案】8. C 9. A
【】
【原文】W: Hello, Blue Restaurant.
M: I’d like to book a table for 3 for Sunday lunch, please.
W: Certainly, sir. What time?
M: 1:30, please.
W: That’s fine. Can I take your name?
M: Yes, it’s David.
W: OK, see you on Sunday.
请听对话, 回答下列小题。 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What happened to the woman on the first day?
A. Her bag was stolen. B. Her ID card was lost. C. Her money ran out.
11. What did she do in the last evening?
A. She had a big meal. B. She joined in singing. C. She went out for a walk.
12. What are they talking about?
A. The holiday. B. The accident. C. The concert.
【答案】10. A 11. B 12. A
【】
【原文】M: How was your holiday?
W: To be honest, I’m really happy to be home!
M: Why?
W: Well, on the first day at the hotel, someone stole my bag.
M: Did you catch the person?
W: No. Luckily, I’d packed my ID card and money in a different bag, so as soon as I’d bought some new clothes I went sightseeing.
M: Great.
W: The rest of the holiday went well until the last evening.
M: What happened then?
W: Suddenly it became dark in the hotel. The manager had some candles, then all the hotel guests sat in the reception area and sang songs from different countries. That was fun.
请听对话，回答下列小题。 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. Where do they have the party?
A. In the park. B. in the hotel. C. At home.
14. Why do they have the party?
A. Alice finished her courses. B. Mike’s sister has a new baby. C. Alice’s family is coming over.
15. What can we get from the conversation?
A. Alice is very busy today. B. Alice and Mike are classmates. C. Alice must bring a gift to the party.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. B
【】
【原文】M: Hi, Alice. How is it going?
W: Good. I finished all my courses yesterday so I can relax today.
M: Great. Would you like to come to my house? My family is coming over. We are having a party in the back garden. It’ll be fun.
W: Thanks, Mike. But it’s with your family so you probably don’t want other people there.
M: No, really. Don’t worry because I’m inviting a few people from our class as well. So you’ll know people. I’d really like you to come.
W: OK. Thanks, that would be great. Is it a special party?
M: Well, my oldest sister has a new baby girl, so it’s a bit of a celebration for that.
W: Oh! So I should bring something.
M: No, please don’t. It isn’t like that. There is no need…
C）请听下面一段独白, 根据独白内容完成下列句子, 每个空格不超过3个单词。将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。听独白前你将有50秒钟的时间阅读句子内容。独白读两遍。（每小题1分）
请听下面一段独白, 根据独白内容完成下列句子, 每个空格不超过3个单词。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
16. In ________, we took part in an event in India.
17. Each team drove a car to the ________ of India.
18. Our team raised around ________ dollars.
19. We drove for about ________ every day.
20. We managed to have a game of ________ with the local people.
【答案】16. 2019
17. east 18. 4,000##four thousand##4 thousand
19. 12 hours##twelve hours
20. football
【】
【原文】In 2019, a group of friends and I took part in an event in India. The event was to raise money for a charity. About 30 teams attended the event. Each team had a car, which they drove to the east of India. The journey took eight days.
We used a website to ask our friends and family for donations. It was really easy to receive their donations online. Our team raised around $4000, and in total, the event raised around $17,000.
And of course, the journey itself was lots of fun, too. We drove for about twelve hours every day, and saw some beautiful things along the way. We even managed to have a game of football with the local people! It was an experience I will never forget, and hopefully the money we raised will go some way to making people’s lives better.
二、单项填空（8分）
请阅读下面各小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（每小题1分）
21. Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a ________ about that.
A. pilot B. doctor C. singer D. postman
【答案】B
【】
【分析】
【详解】句意：你的腿看起来很糟！我想你应该请一个医生来。
考查名词辨析。pilot飞行员；doctor医生；singer歌手；postman邮递员。根据“Your leg looks really bad!”可知，应该是叫医生来。故选B。
22. —What’s the terrible noise?
—It’s John. He ________ the violin.
A. practiced B. is practicing C. was practicing D. has praticed
【答案】B
【】
【详解】句意：——那可怕的声音是什么？——是约翰。他正在练习小提琴。
考查现在进行时。根据“What’s the terrible noise?”可知，此处表示动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选B。
23. Sue works ________, so she never seems to make mistakes.
A. late B. alone C. happily D. carefully
【答案】D
【】
【详解】句意：Sue工作认真，所以她似乎从来没有犯过错误。
考查副词辨析。late晚地；alone独自；happily开心地；carefully认真地。根据“so she never seems to make mistakes”可知，她工作认真，故选D。
24. These beautiful animals are endangered. We must ________ them.
A. save B. show C. stop D. catch
【答案】A
【】
【详解】句意：这些美丽的动物濒临灭绝。我们必须拯救它们。
考查动词辨析。save拯救；show展示；stop停止；catch抓住。根据“These beautiful animals are endangered.”可知，“拯救”符合语境，故选A。
25. There are no buses to the beach. ________ you have a car, it’s difficult to get there.
A. Since B. After C. Unless D. Because
【答案】C
【】
【详解】句意：没有去海滩的公共汽车。除非你有车，否则很难到达那里。
考查连词辨析。since自从；after在……之后；unless除非；because因为。分析“…you have a car, it’s difficult to get there.”可知，此处表示否定的条件，用unless引导条件状语从句，故选C。
26. —How do we turn on the oven?
—I ________ you, weren’t you listening?
A. tell B. am telling C. will tell D. have told
【答案】D
【】
【详解】句意：——我们怎么打开烤箱？——我已经告诉过你，你当时没在听吗？
考查动词时态。根据“How do we turn on the oven”及“weren’t you listening”可知，表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选D。
27. — Are you going to the airport by bus?
— I’d rather take a taxi. It’s ________.
A. quicker B. cheaper C. the quickest D. the cheapest
【答案】A
【】
【分析】
【详解】句意：——你要坐公共汽车去机场吗? ——我宁愿坐出租车。它更快一些。
考查形容词词义辨析及比较级。quicker更快；cheaper更便宜；the quickest最快；the cheapest最便宜。根据句意可知，是“by bus”和“take a taxi”作比较，应用比较级形式；又根据“I’d rather take a taxi.”可知，这里指更快一些，故选A。
28. The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ________ on TV and becomes very known.
A. interviewed B. has interviewed C. was interviewed D. will be interviewed
【答案】C
【】
【详解】句意：他在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中表现出色。他因为接受了电视采访而出名了。
考查一般过去时被动语态。主语he是动作interview的承受者，根据语境可知，采访的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
三、完形填空（26分）
A)请先阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（每小题1分）
They weigh almost nothing. Yet they are ___29___ than steel. In fact, some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials, ___30___ they can be pulled longer than elastic（橡皮筋）. They can also be any ___31___. Spider webs are amazing.
A spider has hundreds of small openings in its body. Silk comes out of these openings as a liquid（液体） and, as it reaches the air, it becomes tread-like. These ___32___ threads（线）come together to form a single thread.
The spider can make many different kinds of thread. The tread can be thick or thin, wet or dry, or sticky. Each kind has a different ___33___. Some webs create an egg box. Others ___34___ hiding places. The most common purpose of a spider web, however, is to catch food.
There are many ___35___ the spider uses its web to catch food. For example some spiders produce a single thread. An insect then sits on it ___36___ realizing what it is doing, and becomes ___37___. Slowly, the spider moves towards the insect. ___38___, it covers its food in silk.
Some spiders use a different kind of ___39___, They make webs that cheat insects. An insect sees the web and thinks it’s a flower. It then ___40___ the web. The spider can feel even the smallest movement of the web, and rushes at the insect ___41___ it can get away.
Spider webs are so ___42___ that engineers have been studying them for years. They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic. However, for the moment, spiders are keeping their ___43___. Although they have made great progress in science and technology, humans still haven’t been able to copy natural webs.
29. A. stronger B. brighter C. heavier D. thicker
30. A. so B. but C. if D. or
31. A. shape B. price C. weight D. temperature
32. A. wide B. broken C. tiny D. weak
33. A. direction B. purpose C. size D. name
34. A. provide B. choose C. find D. change
35. A. problems B. reasons C. steps D. ways
36. A. by B. for C. without D. in
37. A. lost B. stuck C. excited D. burnt
38. A. Sadly B. Clearly C. Suddenly D. Loudly
39. A. help B. material C. power D. trick
40. A. lands on B. moves towards C. flies over D. looks into
41. A. when B. before C. until D. unless
42. A. soft B. expensive C. important D. amazing
43. A. habits B. plans C. secrets D. records
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. C
【】
【分析】本文主要介绍蜘蛛网的神奇之处，它既可以很坚固又可以拉得比橡皮筋更长。蜘蛛用它的网来捕捉食物的方式有很多，也有很多伎俩来迷惑昆虫，当昆虫落在蜘蛛网上，在它意识到要逃走之前，蜘蛛就已经用吐出的丝覆盖住它。人类研究蜘蛛网很多年，但还是不能复制自然的蜘蛛网。
【29题详解】
句意：然而，它们比钢铁还要坚固。
stronger更牢固的；brighter更明亮的；heavier更重的；thicker更厚的。根据“In fact, some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials”可知，蜘蛛的网比钢铁还坚固，故选A。
【30题详解】
句意：但是它们可以被拉得比橡皮筋更长。
so所以；but但是；if如果；or或者。“some spiders’ webs are among the world’s strongest materials”与“they can be pulled longer than elastic”是转折关系，故选B。
31题详解】
句意：它们也可以是任何形状。
shape形状；price价格；weight重量；temperature温度。根据常识可知，蜘蛛网可以变成任何形状，故选A。
【32题详解】
句意：这些细线聚在一起形成一条线。
wide广泛的；broken破坏的；tiny微小的；weak微弱的。根据“Silk comes out of these openings as a liquid”可知，从蜘蛛身体出来的像丝一样微小的线，聚在一起形成一条线，故选C。
【33题详解】
句意：每一种都有不同的目的。
direction方向；purpose目的；size尺寸；name名字。根据“Some webs create an egg box. Others … hiding places”可知，每一种蜘蛛线都有不同的目的，故选B。
【34题详解】
句意：另一些则提供藏身之处。
provide提供；choose选择；find找到；change改变。根据“hiding places”可知，此处指提供隐藏之处，故选A。
【35题详解】
句意：蜘蛛用它的网来捕捉食物的方式有很多。
problems问题；reasons原因；steps步骤；ways方法。根据“some spiders produce a single thread”可知，此处指捕捉食物的方法，故选D。
【36题详解】
句意：然后一只昆虫坐在上面，没有意识到它在做什么，就被粘住了。
by通过；for为了；without没有；in在……里。根据“An insect then sits on it …realizing what it is doing”可知，昆虫这时还没有意识到发生了什么，故选C。
【37题详解】
句意：然后一只昆虫坐在上面，没有意识到它在做什么，就被粘住了。
lost迷失的；stuck粘住的；excited兴奋的；burnt烧伤的。昆虫如果落在蜘蛛网上，就会被它粘住，故选B。
【38题详解】
句意：突然，它用丝覆盖食物。
Sadly难过地；clearly清晰地；Suddenly突然；Loudly大声地。根据“Slowly, the spider moves towards the insect”可知，刚开始先是慢慢地靠近食物，然后再突然用丝覆盖它，故选C。
【39题详解】
句意：有些蜘蛛使用一种不同的伎俩。
help帮助；material材料；power能量；trick诡计。根据“They make webs that cheat insects”可知，是用一些诡计来混淆昆虫的视线，故选D。
【40题详解】
句意：然后它落在了网上。
lands on降落在；moves towards走向；flies over飞过；looks into窥视。根据“It then…the web”可知，是昆虫落在了蜘蛛网上，故选A。
【41题详解】
句意：蜘蛛甚至能感觉到蛛网的微小移动，在昆虫逃走之前就冲向它。
when当……时；before在……之前；until直到；unless除非。根据“rushes at the insect… it can get away”可知，是在昆虫逃走之前就抓住它，故选B。
【42题详解】
句意：蜘蛛网是如此惊人，以至于工程师们已经研究了很多年。
soft柔软的；expensive昂贵的；important重要的；amazing令人差异的。根据“They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic”可知，蜘蛛网又坚固又有弹性，让人感觉很差异，故选D。
【43题详解】
句意：然而，目前蜘蛛还在保守自己的秘密。
habits爱好；plans计划；secrets秘密；records记录。根据“humans still haven’t been able to copy natural webs”可知，人类还没有复制自然的蜘蛛网，所以这对于人类来说还是一种秘密，故选C。
B）请先阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空, 并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。（每小题1分）
star, still, good, rest, up, how, pollution, stop, small, see, towards
Look up at the sky at night. What can you see? Before electric lights, people could often see about 2,500 different stars. Now, light fills the skies over our cities. This is called light ___44___. Because of it, people in cities can often only see about ten ___45___!
Most of the time, light helps us. We can ___46___ because of it. It gives plants energy. But light isn’t always ___47___. We need times of dark ___48___. One hundred years ago, we had those times of dark. Now the night is like day. Some scientists are worried about ___49___ this light effects（影响）our health. These scientists are studying the effects of light pollution.
Other scientists are finding ways to ___50___ light pollution and make our lives better. For example, many street lights now have covers. The covers focus the light ___51___ the ground. They stop the light from going ___52___ into the sky. They also save energy. The covers are a ___53___change, but they can ___54___ have a positive（正面的）effect.
【答案】44. pollution
45. stars 46. see
47. good 48. to rest
49. how 50. stop
51. towards 52. up
53. small 54. still
【】
【分析】本文主要关于光污染的问题以及阻止光污染的措施。
【44题详解】
句意：这叫光污染。阅读全文可知，本文主要讲述光污染的问题，pollution污染，名词。故填pollution。
【45题详解】
句意：正因为如此，城市里的人们常常只能看到十颗星左右！根据“Before electric lights, people could often see about 2,500 different stars.”以及“Because of it, people in cities can often only see about ten...”可知，因为光污染，城市里的人们现在只能看到大约十颗星星，备选词汇“star”符合语境，此处填名词复数stars。故填stars。
【46题详解】
句意：我们可以看到因为它。根据“Most of the time, light helps us.”以及常识可知，光可以让我们看见东西，备选词汇“see”符合语境，空前有情态动词，后接动词原形。故填see。
【47题详解】
句意：但光并不总是好的。根据“Most of the time, light helps us.”以及“But light isn’t always...”可知，此处表示转折，描述光的坏处，备选词汇“good”符合语境。故填good。
【48题详解】
句意：我们需要天黑的时候休息。根据常识可知，天黑时要我们要休息，备选词汇“rest”符合语境，need sth. to do需要某物来做。故填to rest。
【49题详解】
句意：一些科学家担心这种光如何影响我们的健康。根据“this light effects our health”可知，此处表示影响我们健康的方式，用how。故填how。
【50题详解】
句意：其他科学家正在寻找方法阻止光污染，让我们的生活更美好。根据“Other scientists are finding ways to...light pollution and make our lives better.”可知，此处表示阻止光污染，备选词汇“stop”符合语境，空前有to，用动词原形。故填stop。
【51题详解】
句意：灯罩将光线聚焦在地面上。此处表示将光聚焦到地面上，备选词汇“towards”符合语境。故填towards。
【52题详解】
句意：它们阻止光线往天上照。此处表示灯罩不让光往天上照，备选词汇“up”向上，符合语境。故填up。
【53题详解】
句意：灯罩是一个小的变化，但它们仍然可以有一个正面的影响。空处缺少一个形容词，备选词汇“small”符合语境，表示灯罩是一个小小的变化。故填small。
【54题详解】
句意：灯罩是一个小的变化，但它们仍然可以有一个正面的影响。根据“They also save energy. The covers are a...change, but they can...have a positive effect.”可知，此处表示虽然灯罩只是一个小的变化，但它们仍然有正面的影响，备选词汇“still”符合语境。故填still。
四、补全对话（5分）
请阅读下面对话, 根据对话内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处, 使对话通顺、合理, 意思完整, 并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。一空一句。（每小题1分）
(Jack and Reem are talking in front of the house. Jack=J Reem=R)
J: Hey, Reem. ___55___ What’s wrong?
R: I’ve fallen out（闹翻） with Lee!
J: I can’t believe that. Calm down! ___56___
R: Well, you know we were planning to go horse riding in the summer holidays.
J: Yes.
R: Well, it’s not going to happen! He said his friend has invited him to visit him and his family in the USA this summer.
J: Well, that’s not so bad! He probably thought it was a good chance. ___57___
R: I know, but I was really looking forward to learning to ride! Anyway, we argued, and he hasn’t spoken to me all day!
J: Look, Reem, it’s not the end of the world. He’s probably upset at the moment, too. ___58___
R: Good idea. He usually listens to you.
J: Cheer up! ___59___ And Lee is, too!
R: Yes, I know. Thanks, Jack.
A. What happened?
B. You look upset.
C. I can talk to him.
D. I’m still your friend.
E. What’s your idea for that?
F. You can go horse riding with others.
G. I’m sure he didn’t want to hurt your feelings.
【答案】55. B 56. A 57. G 58. C 59. D
【】
【分析】本段对话主要是Reem向Jack倾诉自己和Lee闹翻了，Jack对Reem进行安慰，给出建议。
【55题详解】
根据“What’s wrong?”可知，Reem不太对劲，选项B“你看起来有点不安。”符合情景，故选B。
【56题详解】
根据“I’ve fallen out（闹翻） with Lee!”和“Well, you know we were planning to go horse riding in the summer holidays.”可知，Reem和Lee闹翻了，Jack询问原因，选项A“发生了什么？”符合情景，故选A。
【57题详解】
根据“Well, that’s not so bad! He probably thought it was a good chance.”可知，此处是Jack安慰Reem，选项G“我确定他不想伤害你的感情。”符合情景，故选G。
【58题详解】
根据“Good idea. He usually listens to you.”可知，此处Jack提议自己去跟Lee谈谈，选项C“我可以和他谈谈。”符合情景，故选C。
【59题详解】
根据“Cheer up…And Lee is, too!”可知，Jack鼓励Reem振作，说自己和Lee都还是Reem的朋友，选项D“我还是你的朋友。”符合情景，故选D。
五、阅读理解（46分）
A）请阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（每小题2分）
A
ART FESTIVAL
14-24 August, 2021
VIDEO
An hourly show of videos presented by Pemberton Secondary School students. Video themes are about intellectually （智力）disabled youth and their parents.
Venue: Capital Hall
Dates: 14-22 August
Free admission
PERFORMANCE
Alpine Youth Theater presents A Cat’s Mind with cheerful songs and dance, promising to give a wonderful performance by 20 young people between 18 and 25 years of age.
Venue: National Arts Theater
Dates: 15-23 August
Free admission
CONCERT
Eric Fawkins, two-time Prima Music Prize winner, will perform an evening of classical and jazz ballads. Eric Fawkins’ latest CD will also be on sale.
Venue: Victory Theater
Dates: 22-24 August
Tickets: available at $50 (child), $80 (adult)
60. When will A Cat’s Mind be performed?
A. 14-24 August. B. 15-23 August. C. 22-24 August. D. 14-22 August.
61. What is the price of an adult ticket for the concert?
A. $80. B. $50. C. $20. D. $18.
62. Which of the following is true according to the ads above?
A. A group of children perform A Cat’s Mind.
B. Fawkins has won Prima Music Prize once.
C. The video show is presented by the parents.
D. You can buy Fawkins’ latest CD at the concert.
【答案】60. B 61. A 62. D
【】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向我们介绍艺术节的相关信息。
60题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Alpine Youth Theater presents A Cat’s Mind with cheerful songs and dance…Dates: 15-23 August”可知，A Cat’s Mind将于8月15-23日表演，故选B。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据“CONCERT…Tickets: available at $50 (child), $80 (adult)”可知，成人票价80美元，故选A。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Eric Fawkins’ latest CD will also be on sale”可知，埃里克·福克斯的最新CD也将出售，故选D。
B
British adventurer（冒险家） Alastair Humphreys had ridden his bike around the world, walked cross India, and rowed （划船）from Africa to South America. In 2011, however, Humphreys had some of the biggest adventurers of his life and he never even left the United Kingdom.
For a year, Humphreys went on microadventures—small, low-cost trips close to home. Why did he do this? “I started to think that it was possible to have an adventure anywhere.” He explains. For his first trip, he went hiking with a friend around the M25-a 188-kilometre road that goes all the way around London. Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames, sleeping outside on a hill, and going on a mountain biking trip. Humphreys learned something important from his microadventures: We find adventures when we try something new.
Humphreys wanted other people to make this discovery, too, so he decided to share his idea. He challenged people to go on microadventures and send him four-minute videos of their trips. He asked them to do things like climb a hill, go away for a weekend, or choose a random （任意的）place on a map and go there. People from all over the world accepted his challenge and posted their videos on Twitter.
63. Which of the following belong to microadventures? Check and choose the right answer.
① walk across India
② sleep outside on a hill
③ go away for a weekend
④ swim in the River Thames
⑤ row from Africa to South America
⑥hike around the road around London
A. ①③④⑤ B. ①④⑤⑥ C. ②③④⑥ D. ②③⑤⑥
64. What can we know about Humphreys’ personality according to the passage?
A. Brave, creative and active. B. Proud, humorous and kind.
C. Careful, quiet and hard-working. D. Confident, strict and warm-hearted.
65. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. A Big Challenge B. An Amazing Travel
C. Keep a Trip Record D. Go for a Microadventure
【答案】63. C 64. A 65. D
【】
【分析】本文讲述了冒险家Alastair的冒险经历，以及他从这些经历中的感悟。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据“he went hiking with a friend around the M25—a 188-kilometre road that goes all the way around London”“Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames, sleeping outside on a hill, and going on a mountain biking trip”可知，都包括了和朋友远足，泰晤士河游泳，在山上睡觉，骑山地自行车旅行，故选C。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文的描述，他喜欢冒险说明他很勇敢，他在一年时间里开始了自己的离家不远的低成本旅行，可以看出他很有创造力，他积极的把自己的想法和分享给其他人，说明他是积极活跃的，故选A。
【65题详解】
最佳标题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“微旅行”而展开，所以最适合本文的标题是“Go for a Microadventure”，故选D。
C
Today, by carefully choosing dog parents, humans have created many different kinds of dog. Each kind has its own look and talents and its own role within human society. Here are three examples of “a dog’s life” in the human world.
Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients. Shaynee is a therapy（治疗）dog. She visits children who are in hospital. Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace which can be hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, even help them get better.
Today some beagles（小猎犬）work in airports for the government. They are part of the program called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose, and ability to follow smells. The Beagle Brigade’s job is to smell everything that comes into the country. They make officers notice illegal（非法的）fruits, vegetables, and other foods in luggage or in mail. The beagles do the job far better than any human could.
While some dogs are working hard, others are free to spend their days resting and playing. Across the world, many pet dogs are treated like children. Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want. Some even have their own clothes. Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow or even going to classes. Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so.
Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways. There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too. Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as “man’s best friend” has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.
66. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Hospitals need many special dogs. B. Dogs can take care of patients.
C. Patients need love in the hospital. D. Doctors are too busy to see patients.
67. What does the underlined word “domestic” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Trained. B. Smart. C. Hungry. D. Valuable.
68. What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To ask people to treat dogs as their own children.
B. To explain why humans need beagles in their work.
C. To tell people about the history of dogs’ development.
D. To show a good relationship between dogs and humans.
69. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
【答案】66. B 67. A 68. D 69. C
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人类世界中“狗的生活”的三个例子，向我们展示狗和人之间的良好关系。
【66题详解】
段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍专门训练的狗可以给病人带来爱和欢乐，故选B。
【67题详解】
词义猜测题。分析“Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog’s special place as ‘man’s best friend’ has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.”可知，许多种类的野狗几乎已经从地球上消失了，然而驯养的狗作为“人类最好的朋友”的特殊地位使它能够在人类世界中生存下来。此处domestic的意思是“驯养的”，故选A。
【68题详解】
主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文介绍人类世界中“狗的生活”的三个例子，向我们展示狗和人之间的良好关系。故选D。
【69题详解】
篇章结构题。第一段总领全文，第二、三、四段介绍三种不同类型的狗在我们生活中的例子，第五段总结。故选C。
D
Eight hundred years ago, a man in southern Turkey invented an amazing clock. It was more than 7 meters high. At its base（基座）was a life-size model elephant. Every half hour, something amazing happened. The whole clock came alive: Model birds, dragons, and people started to move.
The clock’s inventor was an engineer named al-Jazari. He lived in Turkey. Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering.”
We know about al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. ________ They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.
Many everyday things today-from toys to car engines（发动机）-still use al-Jazari’s ideas. Without his machines with moving parts, we might not have modern-day robots.
Today, it is still possible to see what al-Jazari’s elephant cock looked like. A full-size working model is in Dubai’s Ibn Battuta Mall. There, every half hour, al-Jazari’s most amazing invention comes to life once again.
How Does the Elephant Clock Work?
A bowl with a small hole floats（浮）in a water tank（水箱）inside the elephant’s body. As the bowl slowly sinks（下沉）, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure. His moving pen shows the number of minutes past the hour.
Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock. The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.
The ball then drops out of a falcon’s mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon. The weight of the ball causes the dragon’s head to move down and the dragon’s tail pulls the water bowl back up.
Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon’s mouth and into a vase. As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound. The cycle begins again until there are no more ball in the top of the clock.
70. Why is al-Jazari called “the father of modern-day engineering”?
A. His ideas are still widely used in machines.
B. The elephant clock is an amazing invention.
C. His inventions include some parts of modern robots.
D. His book about machines is still popular with readers.
71. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “________” in Paragraph 3.
A. He became famous when he was a young man.
B. He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C. It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D. People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
72. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A. The pen moves. B. The all drops.
C. The bowl sinks completely. D. The bowl pulls the rope.
73. How does the elephant clock work? Put the steps in the correct order.
a. The ball drops into the vase.
b. The ball drops into the dragon’s mouth.
c. The elephant driver moves and makes a sound.
d. After 30 minutes, a ball starts to fall from the top.
e. The bowl moves down in the water and pulls on ropes.
A. b-d-a-c-e B. e-d-b-a-c C. a-e-b-d-c D. c-a-d-e-b
【答案】70. A 71. C 72. C 73. B
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一个神奇的时钟。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him ‘the father of modern-day engineering.’”可知，Al-Jazari可能是历史上最伟大的工程师之一，一些历史学家称他为“现代工程学之父”。选项A“他的思想仍被广泛应用于机器”符合，故选A。
【71题详解】
推理判断题。分析“They include clocks and hand-washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.”可知，这本书包括钟表和手洗衣机，也有展示每台机器如何工作的图纸。选项C“它描述了许多各种形状和大小的机器”符合语境，故选C。
【72题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock.”可知，每半个小时，水碗就会装满，并完全下沉，这导致一个球从时钟的顶部掉下来。此处this指的是“碗完全下沉”，故选C。
【73题详解】
细节理解题。根据“A bowl with a small hole floats（浮）in a water tank（水箱）inside the elephant’s body. As the bowl slowly sinks（下沉）, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure.”，“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely.”，“The ball then drops out of a falcon’s mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon.”，“Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon’s mouth and into a vase.”和“As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound.”可知，正确的顺序是e-d-b-a-c，故选B。
E
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic（基因的）, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment. Now scientists are discovering that the boundaries（界限）between genes and environment are not so clear.
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted（领养）as babies and raised by different couples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common. Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice. When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr. invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.
But the similarities didn’t stop at the physical. They’d both had dogs named Toy. They had both married women named Linda and then their marriage broke up. They’d both been policemen, enjoyed music, and left love notes around the house for their wives. They had so much in common, it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences （巧合）.
The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins. Bouchard tested. When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education. It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.
However, genes can’t control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins. Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people. “What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,” She explains. “Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can.”
74. How many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentioned?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
75. What did Bouchard’s study find about the twins?
A. Each seemed to be as tall as their twin. B. Each had the same hobby as their twin.
C. Each had almost the same ability as their twin. D. Each had about the same IQ level as their twin.
76. What is Reed’s opinion about genes and environment?
A. Only DNA has an effect on our development.
B. Environment could possibly change some things about us.
C. There are no boundaries between genes and environment.
D. Environmental differences can sometimes change our DNA.
77. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The way the DNA behaves.
B. The similarities between the Jim twins.
C. The connection between intelligence and families.
D. The effects of genes on personality and intelligence.
【答案】74. C 75. D 76. B 77. D
【】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，过去科学家认为身体相似性是由基因决定的，而他们之间的性格、智力和其他差异则受他们所处环境的影响。但是现在，科学家们发现基因和环境之间的界限并不那么清晰。介绍了基因对人格和智力的影响。
【74题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice.”可知，两人身高都是六英尺，体重一百八十磅，有着同样的笑容和同样的声音。提及二人四处身体上的相似之处，故选C。
【75题详解】
推理判断题。根据“When they compared the twins’ IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion（结论）. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education.”可知，当他们比较双胞胎的智商分数时，Bouchard和他的团队得出了一个令人惊讶的结论：智力在很大程度上与基因有关，而不是与训练或教育有关。所以他们的智商水平和他们的双胞胎差不多，故选D。
【76题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Reed’s research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.”可知，里德的研究表明，虽然没有什么能真正改变我们的DNA，但孩子在出生前和一岁时所经历的环境差异有时会影响DNA的行为方式，甚至使同卵双胞胎成为非常不同的人。所以环境可能会改变我们的一些事情，故选B。
【77题详解】
主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，通过研究结果说明基因对人格和智力的影响。故选D。
B）请先阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后根据短文内容从下面的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中使短文意思通顺结构完整, 并在答题卡上将其序号涂黑。一空一句。（每小题2分）
The Value of Negative Results
We all avoid failure（失败）, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. What does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist（存在）without the other.
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though we are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. ___78___ In the past ten years, for example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn more “negative（负面的）” results and that this can finally lead to positive results.
___79___ The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute （机构）of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Eli Lilly and Company had failure parties to study the drugs（药物）that don’t work.
In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. ___80___ The product, though unique（独特的）at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features（特点）didn’t work properly. As a result, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.
___81___Not only should we try to learn from it if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent（执着的）. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone but in the end, the effort became successful.
All in all, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. ___82___
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s, Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
D. The business world already understands the value of negative results.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
F. However, things are slowly changing, especially in business and science.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
78. _______
79. _______
80. ______
81. _______
82. _______
83. 书面表达
失败乃成功之母。本卷阅读理解B部分文章讨论了失败对于获取成功具有重要的价值请你根据下面提示，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你如何借鉴Apple的成功经验，采取有效行动，失败为成功。
写作要点：
1 What have you learned from Apple’s story?
2 Have you ever experienced a failure? What was it?
3 What will you do to turn it into a success?
要求：
1短文应包括提示中所有的写作要点，条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥；
2短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3词数不少于80。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】78. F
79. D
80. C
81. G
82. A
83. 例文
Failure can lead to success. We should study it and learn why we make mistakes, then find ways to solve our problems. Also, we should never give up!
I once tried out for a speech competition. I practiced it many times. Unexpectedly, I failed. I’ve never spoken in front of the public ever since.
Apple’s story is quite an inspiration for me. What can I do to make it? First, be confident and try to speak in public places. Second, ask my teachers or friends for some advice and improve my language skills. Finally, be persistent and practice speeches over and over again.
I’m sure I will succeed some day.
【】
【分析】本文介绍了人们对待错误不同态度，过去的时候人们害怕错误，避免错误；现在人们正面错误，从错误中吸取教训，改进产品。
【78题详解】
根据上一句“Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success.”可知人们并不愿意接受失败，但通过空格后的内容可以知道，人们开始接受失败，并在科技和商业界做一些与失败有关的研究。前后存在转折关系，F选项“然而，事情在慢慢地改变，尤其是在商业和科技方面。”，符合题意。故选 F。
【79题详解】
根据空格后“The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute(机构) of Brilliant Failure to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Ei Lily and Company had failure parties to study the drugs (药物) that don’t work.”可知商界已有人士认识到失败的价值，并进行相应的研究，D选项“商界早已领悟到了负面结果的价值。”，符合题意。故选 D。
【80题详解】
根据下文“The product, though unique (独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy”可知这个产品在那个时候是昂贵且笨重的，尽管很独特，此处在介绍一个新的产品。C选项“在二十世纪九十年代初期，苹果公司创造了一款名为苹果牛顿的手机。”，符合题意。故选 C。
【81题详解】
根据前文“However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it. In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.”举苹果公司由失败到成功的例子，可知失败极为重要，与后文“Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also be persistent (执着的) .如果我们想要获得成功，不仅要从中学习，还要坚持不懈。”相衔接。G选项“苹果牛顿的故事告诉我们一个与失败有关的重要道理。”符合题意。故选G。
【82题详解】
根据前文“Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin。”可知失败与成功是同一枚硬币的两面，所以二者相互依存，A选项“失败与成功无法离开彼此而存在。”，符合题意。故选A。
【83题详解】
（1）.题干解读：本文要求根据阅读理解B部分文章，谈谈如何借鉴Apple的成功经验，结合所给写作要点写一篇文章。内容包括从Apple的故事中学习到了什么，你的失败经历，要如何将失败变为成功。
（2）.写作指导：本文主要采用第一人称写作，时态为一般现在时和一般过去时。第一部分介绍从Apple的成功中学习到了什么，时态为一般现在时；第二部分描写自己的失败经历，时态为一般过去时；第三部分为如何把失败变为成功，时态为一般现在时。写作时要行文连贯，条理清晰，语言准确。
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