课时09.状语从句-中考英语四轮总复习（仁爱版）

第九讲　并列句和状语从句
并列句
状语从句
1.根据句子前后逻辑关系判断并列连词的使用
2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
1.引导词在语境中的选用
2．状语从句的时态和语态
3．状语从句的省略



并列句

1.常见的并列连词
关系
结构
例句
顺承、递进、并列
关系
常用and,both...and...,as well as,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等连接
I help him and he helps me.
我帮助他,他帮助我。
My sister not only sings well,but also dances well.
我妹妹不但唱得好,而且舞跳得也好。
转折关系
常用连词but,while,yet等连接
I bought my sister a present,but she didn’t like it.
我给我姐姐买了个礼物,但是她不喜欢。
选择关系
常用连词or,either...or...,not...but...等连接
Is it a boy or a girl?
是个男孩还是女孩?
因果关系
常用连词 for,so 等连接
They were making a lot of noise,so the teacher got angry.他们很吵,所以老师生气了。
2.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词
(1)because(因为),so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。如:
Because he was tired,he couldn’t walk there.
=He was tired,so he couldn’t walk there.因为他累了,所以他不能走到那儿。
(2)although/though(虽然),but(但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。但although/though和yet/still可以同时出现在一个句子里。如:
Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He was tired,but he still worked hard.虽然他累了,但他仍然努力工作。
题组训练　用and,but,or,so,while填空
①Many birds stay in the nature reserve of Zhalong all year round 　 　 some only go there for a short stay. 
②Keep trying,　　 　　 you’ll succeed one day. 
③Which is easier to learn,Japanese 　　 　　 French? 
④It snowed heavily last night,　　 　 the ground is covered with snow now. 
⑤Tom is a very smart boy,　　 　　 he never shows off. 
【答案】1.while2.and3.or4.so5.but
1.(2019福建,88)That’s because ideas were much easier to share 　　　more people learned to read. 
【答案】　and　本题考查并列句的连词。分析句子结构可知,“ideas were much easier to share”和“more people learned to read”是并列关系,两个分句用and连接。
2(2018福建,86)After that, he became an Air Force officer, rocket scientist and business leader. 　　　he never stopped inventing. 
【答案】　But　本题考查并列句的连词。由语境可知,前后两句是转折的关系,所以填But。
3.(2021南平一模,23)I didn’t get enough sleep, 　　　I’m feeling tired now. 
A.or　　　B.so　　　C.but
【答案】　B　本题考查并列连词。根据语境可知,设空处前后构成因果关系,故选B。
4.(2021三明一模,26)—How time flies! The middle school life is coming to an end.
—Yes. 　　　our friendship will last forever. 
A.Or　　　B.So　　　C.But
【答案】　C　句意:——时间过得真快!中学生活马上要结束了。——是的,但是我们的友谊会永存。本题考查连词。根据语境可知,设空处前后构成转折关系,故选C。
5.(2021厦门一模,27)—How beautiful your roses are!
—Thanks. Gardening is tiring 　　　I enjoy it so much. 
A.but　　　B.if　　　C.or
【答案】　A　句意:——你的玫瑰花真美!——谢谢。做园艺工作很累,但是我很享受。本题考查连词。根据语境可知,设空处前后构成转折关系,故选A。


状语从句


类别
引导词
例句
时间状语从句
when/while/as当……时;before在……之前;after在……之后;since自……以来;until/till直到……为止;as soon as一……就……
When I was doing my homework,my mother came in.
当我正在写作业的时候,我妈妈进来了。
He did not go to bed until his father came back.
直到爸爸回来他才去睡觉。
条件状语从句
if如果;as long as只要;unless除非
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,I will go to the park.
如果明天不下雨,我将会去公园。
Unless bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every day.
我每天都会去散步,除非遇上坏天气。
原因状语从句
because因为;since既然;as由于
I like to eat apples because they are good for my health.
我喜欢吃苹果,因为它们对我的健康有益。
目的状语从句
so that以便,为了;in order that为了
He gets up early every morning so that he can catch the bus.
他每天早上起得很早,以便能赶上公交车。
结果状语从句
so that结果是;so...that/such...that如此……以至于
It’s so hot outside that nobody wants to go out.
外面太热以至于没人想出去。
让步状语从句
though/although尽管,虽然;even if/though即使;whatever无论什么;wherever无论哪里;whenever无论何时
Wherever you go,I will go with you.无论你去哪里,我都跟着你。
Whenever you come,I will wait for you.
无论你什么时候来,我都会等你。
比较状语从句
than比;as...as...和……一样;not as/so...as不如
He is as clever as Tom.他和汤姆一样聪明。
地点状语从句
where……的地方;wherever无论哪里
Sit wherever you like.随便坐。

1.时间状语从句
(1)when的用法
①when意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。如:
I feel very happy when you come to see me.你们来看我时,我感到很高兴。
When you are crossing the street,you must be careful.你(们)过马路时,一定要小心。
②when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词,也可以用终止性动词。如:
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.当我在上海时,我在一家外企工作。
(2)while的用法
while引导时间状语从句时意为“与……同时,在……期间”。while引导的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 如:
They rushed in while we were discussing problems.当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
(3)as的用法
as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“当……时,一边……一边,随着”等意思。如:
Helen heard the story as she washed clothes.海伦在洗衣服时听到的那个故事。
We get wiser as we get older.我们随着年龄的增长而变得更聪明。
1.There are no hospitals. 　　　they are ill, people have to get medicine from plants.  
【答案】When/If　本题考查连词。When引导时间状语从句,If引导条件状语从句。此句意思为:当/如果他们生病了,他们不得不从植物中获取药物。
2.So I kept asking Harry if I could go, too—　　　(直到) he agreed at last! 
【答案】till/until　句意:因此我不停地问Harry我是否也能去——直到他最后同意了!本题考查连词的拼写。设空处引导时间状语从句,意为“直到……为止”。
2.条件状语从句
(1)if的用法
含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:
I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去游览长城。
注意:if有两个意思,作“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句,意思同whether一样,从句的时态由事实决定;作“假如,如果”讲时,引导条件状语从句,此时若主句为将来时或祈使句,从句用一般现在时表将来。
He couldn’t tell if she was laughing or crying.他弄不清她是在笑还是在哭。
We don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.我们不知道明天是否会下雨。
If it rains tomorrow,we won’t have a sports meet.明天如果下雨,我们就不开运动会了。
I don’t know if we can visit the museum if it snows tomorrow.
第一个if引导的是宾语从句,第二个if引导条件状语从句,译为“如果明天下雪,我不知道我们是否还能去参观博物馆。”
(2)unless的用法
unless意为“除非,如果不”,相当于“if...not...”。如:
Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨,否则比赛将照常进行。
Unless you go at once,you will be late.如果你不马上走,就会迟到的。
(3)as long as的用法
as long as意为“只要”。如:
As long as we show our love,the world will be full of happiness.只要我们表现出我们的爱,世界将会充满幸福。
3.原因状语从句
(1)because的用法
表因果关系的语气最强,用来回答why的问句,所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道或最感兴趣的,because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。如:
I’m leaving because I am fed up with the boss.我要离开是因为我讨厌老板。
My friends admire me because I am handsome and successful.因为我帅气并且成功,所以我的朋友们羡慕我。
注意:because(因为)和so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,两者只能用其一。
Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.=He was tired, so he couldn’t walk there.因为他累了,所以他不能步行到那儿。
1.She can put it anywhere in the house 　　　it is small and doesn't take up much room. 
【答案】　because/as　本题考查连词。 根据前后分句的意思可知,两个分句存在因果关系,前一个分句表结果,后一个分句阐述原因,故填because/as。
2.He wanted to help his mother 　　　　　　she could not always get enough money to buy food for their family. 
【答案】because　句意:他想帮助他妈妈,因为她不总是能赚到足够的钱给家人买食物。设空前后的两个分句是因果关系,后面的分句是原因,因此答案为because。
4.目的状语从句
(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有lest,so that,in order that 等,从句的谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would 等情态动词。如:
He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.他必须早点起床,以便能按时上班。
(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时,可用so as to,in order to对从句进行省略。如:
He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.
他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。
5.结果状语从句
(1)由so...that, such...that 引导
用法
例句
so+形容词或副词+that
He was so hard-working that he passed the exam.他如此勤劳,以至于通过了考试。
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that
He was such a hard-working boy that he passed the exam.他是如此勤劳的一个男孩,以至于通过了考试。
such+形容词+复数名词+that
Here are such interesting books that we can enjoy ourselves.这儿有如此有趣的书,以至于我们能玩得开心。
such+形容词+不可数名词+that
There is such delicious bread that I can?t help eating. 那儿有如此美味的面包,以至于我忍不住吃。
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that
He was so hard-working a boy that he passed the exam.他是如此勤劳的一个男孩,以至于通过了考试。
当名词前面有many、much、little、few修饰时,用so而不用such。如:
She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.
她是一个这么可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。
We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.
我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好地完成工作。
(2)so...that句型的否定形式可用too...to...或not...enough to 构成的简单句代替。如:
He is so young that he can’t go to school.
=He is too young to go to school.
=He is not old enough to go to school.他太小了不能去上学。
1.There is less rain in the southern part than in the northern part, 　　　the south is drier. 
【答案】so　本题考查连词。句意:南部的雨水比北部更少,所以南部更加干旱。设空处前后为因果关系。
2.It is 　　　　　　beautiful that it attracts 100,000 people every week.  
【答案】so　考查结果状语从句。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”。
6.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although(虽然),even though/if(尽管),whoever/no matter who(无论谁),however/no matter how(无论怎样),whatever/no matter what(无论什么)。
(1)though与although的用法
although和though意义一样,都作“虽然,尽管”解,都表示让步,一般情况下可互换使用,只是although语气较重,大多置于句首。两个词可以与yet连用,但不与but连用。如:
They are generous though they are poor.虽然他们很穷,但他们很慷慨。
Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China.
尽管他是日本人,但他大多数时间是在中国度过的。
(2)even though与even if的用法
even though与even if都是“尽管,即使”的意思,表示语气更强的让步。如:
Even though he’s 24 now,he’s still like a little child.尽管他现在24岁了,但他仍然像个小孩子。
We’ll make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。
(3)wh-ever类引导词的用法
在英语中wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+相应的wh-疑问词”,在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever。如:
Whenever I’m unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.=No matter when I’m unhappy,it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么时候我不高兴,总是我的朋友使我振作起来。
1.　　　 (虽然) people around the world may enjoy doing some similar things in their free time, their interests are changing. 
【答案】Although/Though　本题考查连词。此处引导让步状语从句,故填Although/Though。

随堂练习
1.(2021福建,33)Nowadays you are supposed to have your temperature taken 　　　you enter the school. 
A.before　　　B.after　　　C.until
【答案】　A　句意:现在,你入校之前应该测量体温。本题考查状语从句。由语境可知,此处指入校前需要测量体温。before 在……之前;after 在……之后;until直到……为止。故选A。
2.(2020福建,31)In some cities of China, you’ll get fined 　　　you don’t walk along the crosswalk while crossing the road. 
A.if　　　B.though　　　C.until
【答案】　A　句意:在中国的一些城市,如果你过马路时不走人行横道,你将会被罚款。本题考查状语从句。if如果;though尽管;until直到……为止。由句意可知应选A。
3.(2019福建,31)　　　it’s a public holiday today, some firefighters in our city are still on duty. 
A.Although　　　B.Once　　　C.If
【答案】　A　句意:虽然今天是一个公共假日, 但是我们城市的一些消防员仍然在值班。本题考查状语从句。although虽然;once一旦;if如果。根据句意可知选A。
4.(2018福建,29)You can surf the Internet　　　you want to know about the 2020 World Middle School Games. 
A.until　　　B.after　　　C.if
【答案】　C　句意:如果你想了解关于2020年世界中学生运动会,你可以上网搜索。本题考查状语从句。until直到……为止;after在……之后;if如果。根据句意可知,应选C。
5.(2017福建,32)The students were singing happily 　　　I passed the school hall. 
A.when　　　B.unless　　　C.though
【答案】　A　句意:当我经过学校大厅时,学生们正在高兴地唱歌。本题考查状语从句。when意为“当……时”;unless意为“除非”;though意为“尽管”。根据句意可知本题选择A。
6.(2021福州一模,32)　　　 Peter learns to respect others, none of his colleagues will work with him. 
A.Since　　　B.Unless　　　C.As
【答案】　B　句意:除非彼得学会尊重别人,否则他的同事都不会和他一起工作。本题考查状语从句。since意为“自从”;unless意为“除非”;as意为“因为”。由语境可知本题选择B。
7.(2021龙岩一模,30)The Chinese doctors went to Russia to help the patients 　　　they knew it was dangerous.  
A.if　　　B.though　　　C.unless
【答案】　B　句意:中国的医生们虽然知道危险,但还是去了俄罗斯协助治疗病人。本题考查状语从句。if意为“如果”; though意为“尽管”;unless意为“除非”。根据句意可知本题选B。
8.(2021莆田一模,32)—Many jobs need close teamwork!
—Yes. Nothing will be achieved 　　　we work welltogether. 
A.unless　　　B.since　　　C.though
【答案】　A　本题考查状语从句。unless意为“除非”;since意为“自从”;though意为“尽管”。除非团结协作,否则一事无成,故本题选择A。
9.(2021泉州一模,33)It was late. We turned down the music, 　　　we would not disturb our neighbors. 
A.even if　　　B.so that　　　C.as long as
【答案】　B　本题考查状语从句。even if意为“即使”;so that意为“目的是”;as long as意为“只要”。调低音乐的目的是不打扰邻居,故本题选择B。
10.(2021漳州一模,29)Love your parents while they are alive. Don’t wait 　　　it is too late. 
A.unless　　　B.if　　　C.until
【答案】　C　本题考查状语从句。unless意为“除非”;if意为“如果”;until意为“直到……为止”。此处强调时间持续到太晚,故本题选择C。


二、语法选择
She used to sleep on the sidewalk (人行道) of the Fifth Street Post Office. I could smell her 　1　 I came close. She wore dirty clothes and her mouth was nearly toothless. I rarely saw her talk with others. 　2　 she was not asleep, she talked to herself. I always had sympathy for her. What a poor old lady! She must be desperate (绝望的)　3　 hungry. 
One Thanksgiving, we had lots of food left over. I thought about the old lady. She might be still hungry. 　4　 I packed the food up and drove over to the post office. 
It was a cold night. There was hardly anyone out. 　5　 I knew she would stay at the same place and I would find her easily. 
There she was, sitting against a fence near the post office. She was dressed 　6　 she always was. 
I drove my car over to her, rolled down the window and said, “I've brought you some food. Would you like some turkey (火鸡) and apple pie?”
　7　, the old woman didn't seem to be very excited about this. She looked at me and said quite clearly, “Oh, thank you very much, but someone has given me food earlier and I'm quite full now. Why don't you take it to someone else 　8　 needs it?” 
Her words were so clear and her manners were so gracious (亲切的)　9　 no one would consider her as a homeless woman. Soon her head sank into her arms again. I was the only person who didn't know 　10　 to say. 
1.A.before　　　 B.unless C.until　　　 D.since
2.A.Because　　　B.Before C.If　　　 D.Although
3.A.but　　　 B.and C.or　　　 D.so
4.A.So　　　 B.Because C.Though　　　 D.And
5.A.Though　 B.But C.So　　　 D.Or
6.A.as　　　 B.so C.because　　　 D.and
7.A.Instead　　　 B.However C.But　　　 D.Therefore
8.A.whom　　　 B.who C.which　　　 D.whose
9.A.that　　　 B.what C.which　　　 D.when
10.A.how　　　 B.whether C.what　　　 D.that
【答案】文章讲述了作者和一个老太太在感恩节发生的故事。
1.A　本题考查连词。根据文章可知,她是一个无家可归的老人,自然没地方洗澡,且穿着很脏的衣服,所以气味很浓,让人还没走近就闻到味道了。故用before符合语境。
2.C　本题考查连词。设空处引导条件状语从句,故选C。
3.B　本题考查连词。由设空处前后的两个词desperate和hungry可知,二者是并列关系,故选B。
4.A　本题考查连词。根据前文One Thanksgiving,we had lots of food left over. I thought about the old lady. She might be still hungry.可知,感恩节那天正好有吃剩的饭菜,作者又想起了老人,认为她可能会饿,所以就决定打包剩菜给老人。故选A。
5.B　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,设空处前后存在转折关系,故选B。
6.A　as照……方式,正如。由此可知选A。
7.B　根据上下文可知,本句话和上一段内容存在明显的转折关系(作者给老人带来了吃的,但老人似乎对此没那么兴奋)。本空位于句首,而且后面有逗号隔开,故选B。
8.B　在本句中,先行词为someone else,指人,且定语从句中缺少主语,故选B。
9.A　本题考查连词。so...that...如此……以至于……,常用来引导结果状语从句。故选A。
10.C　what to say说什么,在本句中作know的宾语。故选C。
三、短文填空
A popular one-armed teenager in China
Despite losing one arm, Zhang Jiacheng never loses his love for basketball or willingness to improve his skills on the court.
Zhang is 15 now and he likes playing basketball very much. 　1　 a video of him was posted online, he became very popular in China. In the video, he showed his dribbing abilities(运球能力) in front of the defense made up of some professional(专业的) basketball players, 　2　 received a loud cheer from people watching on site. 
Born in southern China's Guangdong Province, Zhang lost his right arm in an accident when he was just five. However, Zhang decides to face up to the hardship, 　3　 to be a basketball player is his dream. 
Zhang works very hard. 　4　 it is rainy or windy, he never stops practicing playing basketball, and has made much progress in his skills. 
“Give it a try, 　5　 give it up,” Zhang said in a video. Of course, he chose the former. 
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 
【答案】本文是一篇人物故事,讲述了独臂少年张家城在网络上意外走红的故事。
1.When/After　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,填When或After。
2.and　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,张家城运球技艺高超,观众为他欢呼,前后为顺承关系,故填and。
3.because　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,张家城之所以决定面对困难,是因为他的梦想是成为一个篮球运动员,设空处前后构成因果关系,故填because。
4.Whether　本题考查连词。whether...or不管……还是……。
5.or　本题考查并列连词。“Give it a try”和“give it up”两者是选择关系。故填or。