河南省郑州外国语学校2022-2023学年高三上学期1月月考英语试题含答案

这是一份河南省郑州外国语学校2022-2023学年高三上学期1月月考英语试题含答案，共27页。
河南省郑州外国语学校2022-2023学年高三上学期1月月考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

第一部分、阅读理解
On a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone as well as stepping into a different world.
Don't Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets, by Patricio Pron
In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.
When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul Kalanithi
At thirty-six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed(诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living?”.
To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee
Set in a small Alabama town in the 1930s, the story focuses on honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime.
Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true(as told to me) story by Bess Kalb
Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby's mother, who traveled alone from Belarus to America to survive, and Bess's mother, who always fought against convention.
1. What type of book is the first novel?
A. Sci-fi. B. Biography. C. Detective books. D. History books.
2. Which book explores life and death?
A. To Kill a Mockingbird.
B. When Breath Becomes Air.
C. Don't Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets.
D. Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true(as told to me) story.
3. Who is the main character in the last novel?
A. Bobby Bell. B. Bess Kalb. C. Bess's mother. D. Bobby's mother.

One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when a young woman jumped on. She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.
The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn't sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open scats, but they weren't together. She was flustered and looked embarrassed.
Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved so that the mother and child could it together. The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: “I've been there.”
Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why? Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. We forget that, as we forge(前进) through life, we focused on our own troubles and needs — which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself; “Where am I holding back?”
One thing I know for sure is this: Healing(治愈) others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy, who took a new friend who had suffered a miscarriage(流产) under her wing. Tracy had three of them before having her daughter two years ago. Our minds need a doctor to explain the medical side of things. But our souls need human connection to help us along. No one can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.
Can the essence(精髓) of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable — because we're all in this together.
4. Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “flustered” in the second paragraph?
A. angry. B. eager.
C. scared. D. upset.
5. What does the woman mean by saying “I've been there” in the third paragraph?
A. The woman was on the bus and saw what had happened to the boy.
B. The woman got to her destination and was ready to get off the bus.
C. The woman once had the similar experience with that mother.
D. The woman took the exact scat that the boy was on just now.
6. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Everyone has his or her own unique problem that is difficult to solve.
B. Doctors can help us get through when we have mental or physical problems.
C. The author's friend Tracy felt better after she was comforted by her new friend.
D. One can indeed make a difference to those in need of help by doing simple things.
7. The passage is intended to ________.
A. show a harmonious world by telling some touching stories
B. praise those who are willing to help others in emergencies
C. appal to readers to give timely help to those in need
D. illustrate some ways of helping others in detail

A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris launched Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth.
The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems.
The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere.
ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” that launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan-based company behind the mission. Using a magnetic docking technology, the servicer will release and try to “date” with the client, which will act as a model piece of space junk.
The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity.
The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that would be launched with compatible docking plates on them.
According to NASA, cleaning up space — and addressing the risks associated with debris — depend on preventing the accumulation of more waste and actively removing it.
The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a model satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization's former director general has referred to as a space “vacuum cleaner”.
These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a “mega-constellation” of satellites.
8. What do we know about space junk?
A. It has a potential effect on our daily life. B. It circles around the earth alongside satellites.
C. It is what astronauts desert in outer space. D. It has been cleaned up several times so far.
9. What does the author tell us about ELSA-d in paragraph 4?
A. Its achievements in space. B. Its theoretical principle.
C. Its two new satellites. D. Its space mission in orbit.
10. What's the purpose of designing the spacecraft?
A. Removing existing space junk in orbit. B. Testing docking technology.
C. Sending astronauts into space. D. Capturing satellites to be launched.
11. What is the passage mainly about?
A. ELSA-d's experimental process. B. Dead satellites floating in orbit.
C. New effort to clean up space junk. D. The application of docking technology.

In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Carolina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts.
Conflicts of interest(COIs)occur when an individual's personal interests — family, friendships, financial, or social factors — could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.
In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals.
Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university.
Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator's company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren't actually working for his private companies.
Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避) themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties.
Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can't be an impartial(公正的) reviewer, that is considered a COI.”
Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that's good as well.”
12. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to ________.
A. raise a question B. report a finding
C. introduce a topic D. present a theory
13. To better deal with COIs, ________.
A. researchers have to quit their job at the university
B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist
C. institutions need to monitor the staff's career and relationships
D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans
14. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly.
B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies.
C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers.
D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer's decision.
15. What can we infer from the passage?
A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations.
B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity.
C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains.
D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces.


二、七选五
Food plays an essential role in our lives and rightfully so: The food we eat is related to our culture. ___16___. Don't believe me? Here's why food is the best way to understand a culture:
___17___
It doesn't matter where you're from — you have to eat. Your social culture most likely developed from the need to eat. Once they surpassed hunting and gathering, many early civilizations organized themselves in ways that promoted food distribution and production. That also meant that the animals, land and resources you were near governed what you'd consume and how you'd prepare and cook it.
Food preservation techniques are unique to climates and lifestyles.
Ever wonder why the process to preserve meat is so different around the world? ___18___. In Morocco, if preserved correctly, Khlea, a dish, is still good for two years when stored at room temperature. That makes much sense in Morocco, which has had a strong nomadic(游牧的) population, desert landscape, and extremely warm, dry temperatures.
The main local cuisines illustrate historical eating patterns.
Some societies have cuisines that are entirely based on meat, and others are almost entirely plant-based. India's cuisine is extremely varied from region to region, with meat and wheat heavy dishes in the far north, to spectacular fish delicacies in the east, to rice-based vegetarian diets in the south. ___19___.
Food tourism.
___20___. A food tourist won't just focus on having a pint at Oktoberfest, but will be interested in learning the German beer making process, and possibly how they can make their own fresh beer. Since their interest in food is more than meal deep, the tourists have the chance to learn local preparation techniques that can lead to other aspects of a particular region's culture.
A. Food affects the civilization
B. Food is a universal necessity
C. And the western part is home to strict vegetarians
D. Some people have a trip just for enjoying the food
E. It has to do with local resources, needs, and climates
F. You can learn much about a particular culture by exploring their food
G. Some people have taken the combination of food and culture to a new level


三、完形填空
Courage involves the balance between fear and bravery. Without fear, we'll do foolish things. And without courage, we'll never step into the ____21____. The balance of the two is where the ____22____ lies, and it's a balance we all deal with every day.
It was frightening news when I was first diagnosed because I had no ____23____ with chronic(慢性的) illness or disabilities. And I had no idea how the disease might ____24____. But I continued to ____25____ my dream of working all over the world. And then my work brought me to the United States. And even as the disease progressed ____26____ and I needed leg braces(支架) and a walker to ____27____, I still longed for adventure. And this time, I started dreaming of a ____28____ outdoor adventure.
Sitting eight feet above the ground, riding a horse, I got the impression of the Grand Canyon — one of ___29___ and terror. But there was no _____30_____. In the first hour, disaster struck. Going down an oversized step, I was ____31____ forward and hit my face on the back of the horse's head. There was _____32_____. My head hurt fiercely, but the path was too narrow for me to _____33_____ the horse.
Now that the trip is over, I know that I would never do horseback-riding again. The _____34_____, all that planning and the trip itself showed me a level of _____35_____ I had never experienced before. But more importantly, it showed me how boldly _____36_____ I can be.
In facing my fears and finding the courage to _____37_____ them, I swear my life has been _____38_____. So live big and try to let your courage _____39_____ your fear. You never know where it might _____40_____ you.
21. A. unimportant B. unfair C. unknown D. undesirable
22. A. intention B. magic C. outcome D. option
23. A. experience B. direction C. relationship D. mood
24. A. emerge B. adapt C. progress D. extend
25. A. present B. purchase C. interpret D. pursue
26. A. flexibly B. mildly C. evenly D. significantly
27. A. get around B. go over C. come along D. hold on
28. A. random B. grand C. romantic D. historical
29. A. regret B. disgust C. shock D. embarrassment
30. A. settling down B. turning down C. trying out D. giving up
31. A. knocked B. thrown C. stuck D. hurried
32. A. panic B. stress C. relaxation D. silence
33. A. fall off B. get off C. take off D. cut off
34. A. spectacle B. horizon C. magnificence D. expedition
35. A. delight B. calmness C. persistence D. fear
36. A. peaceful B. attracted C. courageous D. smart
37. A. push through B. get away with C. put out D. hold back
38. A. grave B. busy C. extraordinary D. happy
39. A. outline B. overweigh C. overlook D. outnumber
40. A. take B. bring C. keep D. guard


语法填空
For much of history, reading was a fairly noisy activity. Today, however, the majority of us bottle the words in our heads as if ___41___ (sit) in a library. 
Recent studies provide enough evidence ___42___ the ancient art of reading aloud has a number of benefits, from helping improve our memories ___43___ strengthening emotional bonds between people. 
According to research on the impact of reading on memory, people consistently remember words and texts ___44___ (well) if reading them aloud than if reading them silently. This phenomenon has been named the “production effect”, which means that producing ___45___ (write) words — namely, reading them out loud — improves our memory of them. Even just silently mouthing the words makes ___46___ (they) more memorable. 
One reason why people remember the spoken words better is that it gives us ___47___ additional basis for memory. We are ___48___ (general) better at recalling events that require active involvement. For instance, producing a word in ___49___ (respond) to a question makes it easier to remember. 
In time when our interactions with others and the large amount of information we take in ___50___ (be) all too transient(转瞬即逝的), perhaps it is worth making a bit more time for reading out loud.


短文改错
Aimed to enhance students' awareness of responsibility, a coming-of-age ceremony was held on the school playground on last Friday.
Initially, the Senior 3 students made an oath that they will do their utmost to become qualified citizen. They swore to commit themselves for society. Then they conveyed their sincerely gratitude to their parents which had gone through numerous hardships to raise them. Two hours late, the ceremony was put to end with splendid performances.
This activity benefited all participants, inspire them to exploit their full potential to fulfill their dreams and shoulder the responsibilities for our families and society.

书面表达
假如你是李华，你的英国网友Forbes打算抽空到中国学习太极（Tai Chi），他写信向你求助，请你根据下列要点给对方写一封回信：1. 介绍学太极好处；2. 负责联系学习地点和老师。
注意：1. 词数100左右。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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1. C    2. B    3. A
本文是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了四本可以在休闲时间阅读的英文书。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一本小说Don't Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets, by Patricio Pron部分中“In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.（1945年4月，意大利一名作家在一次会议上失踪，被发现死在另一个地方。三十年后，一个年轻人采访了会议上的幸存者，试图揭开发生了什么的真相及其后果。这本由阿根廷著名作家写的小说探讨了艺术、犯罪和政治）”可知，这本书讲述了一桩陈年命案的调查故事，是侦探小说。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul Kalanithi部分中“This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question ‘What makes a life worth living?’.（这本自传在面对死亡时发现了希望和美丽，卡拉尼蒂试图回答这个问题：‘什么让生命值得活下去？’）”可知，When Breath Becomes Air是一本探讨生命和死亡话题的小说。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women.（Bess Kalb保存了她九十岁去世的祖母Bobby Bell的每一条语音留言。在这本书中，Bobby再次对Bess说话，用一种一如既往充满爱的声音，向我们呈现了几代勇敢女性的形象）”可知，最后一本小说的主角是Bobby Bell。故选A。
4. D    5. C    6. D    7. C
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章由作者在公交车上看到一位老太太给一对母子让座，老太太对那位母亲说“我也经历过”而引发了对这句话的思考，并联想到自身小时候家中贫困的经历。作者认为个人的烦恼和需求大多是共同的经历，这句话可以帮助安慰别人现在的痛苦，将人们联系在一起。
4. 词义猜测题。根据第二段“The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn't sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open scats, but they weren't together.（公共汽车上满是颠簸，很快就吵起来了，因为她的孩子因为不能坐在母亲旁边而开始哭泣。有两个空位，但他们不在一起）”可知，她很心慌，显得很尴尬。第二段中划线词“flustered”意思最接近于“upset”不安的。故选D项。
5. 句意猜测题。根据第三段“The mom smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: ‘I've been there.’（这位母亲微笑着表示感谢，然后这位年长的女士嘴里说了三个字，让整个旅程充满活力：‘我经历过。’）”可知，这个老太太曾经和那位母亲有过类似的经历。故选C项。
6. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable — because we're all in this together（这三个词的精髓现在能帮你改变一点吗？这可以很简单，就像自愿坐在你的座位上一样。当你发现有人不舒服时，分享一些有用的建议，甚至开个玩笑来缓解情绪——因为我们都在一起）”可知，一个人确实可以通过做一些简单的事情来改变那些需要帮助的人。故选D项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Can the essence of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat, sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable — because we're all in this together.（这三个词的精髓现在能帮你改变一点吗？这可以很简单，就像自愿坐在你的座位上一样。当你发现有人不舒服时，分享一些有用的建议，甚至开个玩笑来缓解情绪——因为我们都在一起）”可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁读者及时帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选C项。
8. A    9. B    10. D    11. C
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了哈萨克斯坦拜科努尔航天发射场发射了一项清理太空碎片的示范任务。这项名为ELSA-d的任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术，太空垃圾是漂浮在地球上空的数百万块轨道碎片。文章介绍了太空垃圾的不良影响以及这一任务具体的操作过程。
8. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life, including weather forecasting, telecommunications and GPS systems.（8000多公吨的碎片威胁着我们在地球上生活所依赖的服务，包括天气预报、电信和GPS系统）”可知，太空垃圾有可能影响到我们的日常生活。故选A。
9. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a ‘servicer satellite’ and a ‘client satellite’ that launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan-based company behind the mission.（ ELSA-d，即Astroscale公司的‘生命终了服务’，将由一颗‘服务卫星’和一颗‘客户端卫星’共同发射，负责这项任务的日本公司Astroscale称）”可推知，ELSA-d还未实践，只是理论上的。故选B。
10. 细节理解题。根据第五段“The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity.（该任务将由英国负责，将在6个月的时间里反复执行这一捕放过程。其目标是证明服务卫星在不同复杂程度下跟踪和对接目标的能力）”可知，设计宇宙飞船的目的是捕获要发射的卫星。故选D。
11. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris launched Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth.（当地时间周一上午，哈萨克斯坦拜科努尔航天发射场发射了一项清理太空碎片的示范任务。这项名为ELSA-d的任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术，太空垃圾是漂浮在地球上空的数百万块轨道碎片）”以及最后一段“These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a ‘mega-constellation’ of satellites.（随着SpaceX等私人太空公司继续在近地轨道上部署‘巨型卫星星座’，这些努力可能会变得越来越重要）”结合文章还介绍了太空垃圾的不良影响以及这一任务具体的操作过程。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是清理太空垃圾的新努力。故选C。
12. C    13. B    14. D    15. A
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是利益冲突，以及如何避免利益冲突。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，DeSimone大学教员和公司股份持有者的双重身份导致了巨大冲突。再结合第二段的“Conflicts of interest(COIs) occur when an individual's personal interests — family, friendships, financial, or social factors — could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them.（当一个人的个人利益——家庭、友谊、经济或社会因素——可能会损害他或她在工作场所的判断、决定或行动时，利益冲突（COIs）就会发生，考虑如何管理这些利益对职业生涯来说是很有意义的）”以及下文对如何处理利益冲突的陈述推知，第一段提到DeSimone的例子是为了引出本文的话题——如何处理利益冲突。故选C。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.（研究人员应该揭示学术生活的各个方面潜在的或存在的冲突）”可知，为了更好的应对利益冲突，研究人员应报告可能存在的冲突。故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: ‘If you feel like you can't be an impartial(公正的) reviewer, that is considered a COI.’（甚至不同的观点也能发挥作用。Scacheri是一名遗传学家，同时也是委员会主席。他说，那些个人与潜在演讲者意见不一致的成员也可能被迫回避：‘如果你觉得自己不能成为一个公正的评审员，那就被认为是COI。’）”可知，Scacheri认为个人观点可能会影响评审者的决定。故选D。
15. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator's company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren't actually working for his private companies.（塔夫茨大学的化学家Walt警告称，理解在定义潜在冲突中起着重要作用。沃尔特说，在实验室里开发出一项技术，然后把它转移到他们公司的研究人员，在他们的学生看来可能会产生利益冲突。但通过起草一份许可协议，禁止将发现自动转让给调查人员的公司，就可以避免潜在的冲突。沃尔特这样做是为了让他的学生相信，他们实际上并不是在为他的私人公司工作）”推知，COIs的定义可以取决于理解。故选A。
16. F    17. B    18. E    19. C    20. G
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么食物是了解文化的最佳方式。
16. 根据上文“Food plays an essential role in our lives and rightfully so: The food we eat is related to our culture.（食物在我们的生活中扮演着至关重要的角色，因此：我们吃的食物与我们的文化有关）”和下文“Here's why food is the best way to understand a culture:（以下是为什么食物是了解一种文化的最佳方式）”可知，我们吃的食物和我们的文化有关，且下文介绍了为什么食物是了解文化的最佳方式。由此可知，我们可以通过食物探索文化。F项“You can learn much about a particular culture by exploring their food（你可以通过探索他们的食物来了解一个特定的文化）”符合题意，承上启下。故选F。
17. 空处为本段小标题。根据下文“It doesn't matter where you're from — you have to eat. Your social culture most likely developed from the need to eat. Once they surpassed hunting and gathering, many early civilizations organized themselves in ways that promoted food distribution and production. That also meant that the animals, land and resources you were near governed what you'd consume and how you'd prepare and cook it.（你来自哪里并不重要——你必须吃东西。你的社会文化很可能是从吃的需求发展而来的。一旦他们超越了狩猎和采集，许多早期文明就以促进食物分配和生产的方式组织起来。这也意味着你周围的动物、土地和资源决定了你吃什么，以及你如何准备和烹饪）”可知，食物是必须的，无论你来自哪儿以及何种种社会形态。B项“Food is a universal necessity（食物是普遍的必需品）”符合本段主旨。故选B。
18. 根据上文“Ever wonder why the process to preserve meat is so different around the world?（有没有想过为什么世界各地保存肉类的过程如此不同？）”可知，上文提出保存肉类过程为什么不同的问题。由此推知，空处应对该问题做出回答。E项“It has to do with local resources, needs, and climates（这与当地的资源、需求和气候有关）”符合题意，对上文问题进行回答。故选E。
19. 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“India's cuisine is extremely varied from region to region, with meat and wheat heavy dishes in the far north, to spectacular fish delicacies in the east, to rice-based vegetarian diets in the south.（印度的烹饪因地区而异，在遥远的北方以肉和小麦为主，在东部以美味的鱼类为主，在南部则以米饭为主的素食）”可是，上文陈述了印度南、北、东部烹饪的特点。由此推知，下文应陈述印度西部的烹饪或饮食特点。C项“And the western part is home to strict vegetarians（而西部则是严格素食主义者的家园）”符合题意。故选C。
20. 根据下文“A food tourist won't just focus on having a pint at Oktoberfest, but will be interested in learning the German beer making process, and possibly how they can make their own fresh beer.（美食游客不会只关注在啤酒节上喝上一品脱，他们还会对了解德国啤酒的制作过程感兴趣，可能还会对他们如何制作自己的新鲜啤酒感兴趣）”可知，美食游客不仅对当地美食感兴趣，还对美食的制作，以及自己如何制作当地美食感兴趣。由此可知，美食游客把食物和文化的联系提到的一个新的高度。G项“Some people have taken the combination of food and culture to a new level（有些人把食物和文化的结合提升到了一个新的高度）”符合题意。故选G。

21. C    22. B    23. A    24. C    25. D    26. D    27. A    28. B    29. C    30. D    31. B    32. A    33. B    34. D    35. D    36. C    37. A    38. C    39. B    40. A
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的切身经历告诉我们生活中要有勇气，要直面生活中的恐惧，并找到勇气战胜它，这样生活会十分精彩。
21. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有勇气，我们永远无法踏入未知的世界。A. unimportant不重要的；B. unfair不公平的；C. unknown未知的；D. undesirable不受欢迎的；不想要的。由上文“And without courage, we'll never step into the”和下文讲到作者探险的经历可知，此处指没有勇气，我们将无法踏入未知的世界，the unknown意为“未知世界”，故选C。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两者之间的平衡是魔力所在，这是我们每天都要面对的平衡。A. intention意图；B. magic魔力；C. outcome结果；D. option选择。由上文“Courage involves the balance between fear and bravery. Without fear, we'll do foolish things. And without courage, we'll never step into the”和下文“and it's a balance we all deal with every day.”可知，恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡——勇气，这是魔力所在，这是我们每天都要面对的。故选B。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次被确诊的时候，这是一个可怕的消息，因为我没有慢性疾病或残疾的经验。A. experience经历；经验；B. direction方向；C. relationship关系；D. mood心境。由下文“with chronic(慢性的) illness or disabilities.”可知，作者没有慢性疾病或残疾的经验，所以当作者第一次被确诊的时候，他感觉这是一个可怕的消息，故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道疾病会如何进展。A. emerge出现；B. adapt适应；C. progress进展；D. extend延伸。由上文“It was frightening news when I was first diagnosed because I had no _____3_____ with chronic(慢性的) illness or disabilities. And I had no idea how the disease might”可知，作者没有慢性疾病或残疾的经验，所以不知道疾病会如何进展，故选C。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我继续在世界各地工作追求我的梦想。A. present呈现；B. purchase购买；C. interpret解释；口译；D. pursue追求。由下文“my dream”可知，此处指追求梦想，故选D。
26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管病情严重恶化，我需要腿部支架和助行器来行走，但我仍然渴望冒险。A. flexibly灵活地；B. mildly温和地；C. evenly平均地；D. significantly显著地。由下文“I needed leg braces(支架) and a walker”可知，作者需要腿部支架和助行器来行走，这说明作者的病情显著恶化，故选D。
27. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管病情严重恶化，我需要腿部支架和助行器来行走，但我仍然渴望冒险。A. get around到处走走；B. go over克服；C. come along出现；一起来；D. hold on等一下。由上文“I needed leg braces(支架) and a walker to”可知，作者病情严重恶化，需要腿部支架和助行器来帮助他行走，故选A。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次，我开始梦想一次大型的户外冒险。A. random随机的；B. grand宏伟的；大的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. historical历史的。由下文“Sitting eight feet above the ground, riding a horse, I got the impression of the Grand Canyon”可知，作者在离地8英尺高的地方，骑着马，这说明这是一次大型的户外冒险活动，故选B。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐在离地8英尺高的地方，骑着一匹马，我得到了一种大峡谷的印象——震惊和恐惧。A. regret后悔；B. disgust厌恶；C. shock震惊；D. embarrassment尴尬。由上文“I got the impression of the Grand Canyon”可知，作者在离地8英尺高的地方，骑着一匹马，就像在大峡谷一样，感到震惊和恐惧，故选C。
30. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是没有放弃。A. settling down定居；B. turning down拒绝；C. trying out尝试；D. giving up放弃。由上文“terror”和but可知，虽然作者害怕但是没有放弃，故选D。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在走下一个特大号的台阶时，被向前一甩，脸撞在马的后脑勺上。A. knocked敲击；B. thrown扔；抛；C. stuck击打；D. hurried赶快。由下文“forward and hit my face on the back of the horse's head.”可知，作者在骑马下台阶时，被向前一甩，脸撞在马的后脑勺上，故选B。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到恐慌。A. panic恐慌；B. stress压力；C. relaxation放松；D. silence沉默。由上文“I was ____11____ forward and hit my face on the back of the horse's head.”可知，作者被向前一甩，脸撞在马的后脑勺上，这让他感到恐慌，故选A。
33. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的头疼得厉害，但是小路太窄，我下不了马。A. fall off跌落；B. get off从……下来；C. take off脱下；D. cut off中断。由上文“the path was too narrow for me to”可知，小路太窄，作者下不了马，故选B。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次探险，所有的计划以及这次旅行本身让我感受到了前所未有的恐惧。A. spectacle精彩的表演；B. horizon地平线；C. magnificence壮丽；宏伟；D. expedition远征；探险。由第二段中“outdoor adventure”可知，作者骑马，这是一次探险活动，故选D。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次探险，所有的计划以及这次旅行本身让我感受到了前所未有的恐惧。A. delight高兴；B. calmness平静；C. persistence坚持；D. fear害怕。由下文“In facing my fears”和上段提到的作者因为骑马时被向前一甩，脸撞到马的后脑勺，这让作者感到恐慌可知，作者的这次骑马探险活动使他感到前所未有的恐惧，故选D。
36. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但更重要的是，它向我展示了我有多么勇敢。A. peaceful平静的；B. attracted被吸引的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. smart聪明的。由上文“But more importantly, it showed me how boldly”和下文“In facing my fears and finding the courage to”可知，虽然作者骑马时被向前一甩，脸撞到马的后脑勺，这让作者感到恐慌，但是通过这件事，作者知道了自己有多么勇敢，故选C。
37. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：面对我的恐惧，找到勇气去克服它们，我发誓我的生活是非凡的。A. push through完成；挺过；排除困难办好某事；B. get away with侥幸成功；C. put out扑灭；D. hold back抑制。由上文“In facing my fears and finding the courage to”可知，作者在面对恐惧时，找到勇气挺过困难，故选A。
38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：面对我的恐惧，找到勇气去克服它们，我发誓我的生活是非凡的。A. grave严峻的；B. busy繁忙的；C. extraordinary卓越的；不凡的；D. happy高兴的。由上文“In facing my fears and finding the courage to ____17____ them, I swear my life has been”可知，作者克服了恐惧，所以生活是不平凡的，故选C。
39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以要活得精彩，让你的勇气战胜你的恐惧。A. outline概括；B. overweigh比……更重；胜过；C. overlook忽视；D. outnumber比……多。由上下文“So live big and try to let your courage ____19____ your fear”可知，面对恐惧时，要让勇气胜过恐惧，即要克服它，故选B。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你永远不知道它会把你带到哪里。A. take带去；B. bring带来；C. keep保持；D. guard守卫。由上文“You never know where it might”可知，要让勇气战胜你的恐惧，因为你永远不知道勇气会把你带到哪里，即会带你实现什么，故选A。

41. sitting    42. that    43. to    44. better    45. written    46. them    47. an    48. generally    49. response    50. are
本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了朗读的作用和意义。
41. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：然而，今天，我们大多数人都像坐在图书馆里一样，把单词装在脑海里。根据句意和空格前的as if分析句子可知，此处是考查状语从句的省略，该从句完整的形式是as if we are sitting in a library，符合状语从句省略的条件，可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。故填sitting。
42. 考查连词。句意：最近的研究提供了足够的证据表明，大声朗读这门古老的艺术有很多好处，从帮助改善我们的记忆力到加强人与人之间的情感联系。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个同位语从句，对前面的名词evidence的内容进行解释说明，因后面的从句是一个完整的句子，不缺任何成分，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，且没有意义。故填that。
43. 考查介词。句意：最近的研究提供了足够的证据表明，大声朗读这门古老的艺术有很多好处，从帮助改善我们的记忆力到加强人与人之间的情感联系。根据句意和句中的介词from可知，空格处应该填入介词to和from搭配：from … to…（从……到……）。故填to。
44. 考查副词比较级。句意：根据一项关于阅读对记忆影响的研究，大声朗读比默读能更好地记住单词和文本。根据句意和所给副词well以及句中的than可知，空格处应该填入well的比较级better。故填better。
45. 考查形容词。句意：这种现象被命名为“生产效应”，这意味着产生书面文字——即大声读出来——可以提高我们对它们的记忆。根据句意和所给动词write以及空格后的名词words分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语修饰后面的名词words，且意义为“书面的”。故填written。
46. 考查代词。句意：即使只是默念这些单词也能让人更容易记住。根据句意和所给单词they分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个代词代替前面的名词words作动词make的宾语。故填them。
47. 考查冠词。句意：人们能更好地记住口语的一个原因是它为我们的记忆提供了额外的基础。根据句意和空格后的可数名词basis可知，空格处应该填入一个不定冠词，因为空格后的单词additional发音是元音音素开头，所以应该用an。故填an。
48. 考查副词。句意：我们通常更擅长回忆那些需要积极参与的事件。根据句意和所给形容词general分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个副词作状语，且意义为“通常”。故填generally。
49. 考查名词。句意：例如，用一个词来回答一个问题会更容易记住。根据句意和所给动词respond以及空格前后的介词分析句子可知，空格处应该填入respond的名词形式response和前后的介词构成短语in response to（回答）。故填response。
50. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们与他人的互动和获取的大量信息都太短暂时，也许花更多的时间大声朗读是值得的。根据句意和所给单词be分析句子可知，空格处是when引导的从句的谓语部分，因为该从句的主语是our interactions with others and the large amount of information，所以be动词应该用复数形式；根据后面主句的时态是一般现在时可知，when引导的从句也应该用一般现在时。故填are。

1. 去掉last前的介词on
2. will→would
3. citizen→citizens
4. for→to
5. sincerely→sincere
6. which→who/that
7. late→later
8. 在end前加an
9. inspire→inspiring
10. our→their
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了上周五在学校操场上为高三学生举行的成人礼以及活动的意义。
1. 考查介词。句意：为了增强学生的责任意识，上周五在学校操场上举行了一场成人礼。last，next构成的时间短语前一般不用介词。故将last前的on去掉。
2. 考查时态。句意：首先，高三的学生们立下誓言，他们将尽最大努力成为合格的公民。根据句意和前面主句的时态是一般过去时可知，that从句的时态也应该用过去时。故将will改为would。
3. 考查可数名词单复数。句意：首先，高三的学生们立下誓言，他们将尽最大努力成为合格的公民。因为citizen是可数名词，此处是指学生们成为合格的公民，所以应该用复数。故将citizen改为citizens。
4. 考查介词。句意：他们发誓要献身社会。根据句意和句中的动词commit可知，此处是考查commit和介词to的搭配：commit oneself to（致力于）。故将for改为to。
5. 考查形容词。句意：然后，他们表达了对父母千辛万苦的感激之情。根据句意和句中的名词gratitude分析句子可知，gratitude前应该用一个形容词作定语。故将sincerely改为sincere。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：然后，他们表达了对父母千辛万苦的感激之情。根据句意分析句子可知，parents后面是一个定语从句，对先行词parents进行限定说明，所以从句的关系代词应该用that或who代替parents在从句中作主语。故将which改为that或who。
7. 考查副词。句意：两个小时后，仪式在精彩的表演中结束。根据句意可知，表示“多久之后””应该用副词later。故将late改为later。
8. 考查冠词。句意：两个小时后，仪式在精彩的表演中结束。固定短语put … to an end（结束……）。故在end前加an。
9. 考查现在分词。句意：这次活动让所有参与者受益，激励他们充分发挥自己的潜力，实现自己的梦想，为家庭和社会承担责任。根据句意分析句子可知，该句子的谓语动词是benefited，所以动词inspire只能用非谓语形式作状语，因为句子的主语this activity和inspire之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词作状语。故将inspire改为inspiring。
10. 考查代词。句意：这次活动让所有参与者受益，激励他们充分发挥自己的潜力，实现自己的梦想，为家庭和社会承担责任。根据句意和句中的代词them和their可知，families前的形容词性物主代词也应该用their，和前面的代词保持一致。故将our改为their。
Dear Forbes,
It is amazing for me to know that you show great preference for Tai Chi and are willing to learn it soon. I' m quite sure that I can give you a hand gladly.
Tai Chi is not only an ancient martial art, but has also been widely acknowledged as an effective health exercise. Famous for its graceful and well-balanced movements, Tai Chi provides the mental relaxation and physical fitness that are so essential in our modern stressful lives. Concerning your learning location and instructor, I'm so proud to tell you that I have the ability to recommend the best school and best trainer in our city to you, for actually my uncle is a master of Tai Chi who is always invited to instruct others all over the country. As a result, you can rely on me.
Looking forward to your coming!
Yours,
Li Hua
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封回信，告知Forbes学太极相关的情况。
第一步：
审题：回信告知Frobes学太极相关的情况
人称：第三人称
时态：一般现在时
结构：总分法，分三部分，第一部分表示愿意帮助Forbes，第二部分说明学太极的好处和负责联系学习地点和老师，第三部分期望Forbes的到来。
要点：
1. 表示愿意帮助Forbes
2. 学太极的好处：是一种有效的健身运动、动作优雅、让人放松
联系学习地点和老师：会介绍最好的太极学校和老师
3. 期待Forbes的到来
第二步：列提纲（重点词汇、短语）
show great preference for；be willing to；give sb. a hand；an ancient martial art；be widely acknowledged；be famous for provides；mental relaxation；physical fitness；essential；instructor；recommend；trainer；introduce … to；invite
第三步：连词成句
(1) You show great preference for Tai Chi.
(2) I can give you a hand gladly.
(3) Tai Chi is an ancient martial art.
(4) Tai Chi has been widely acknowledged as an effective health exercise.
(5) Tai Chi is famous for its graceful and well-balanced movements.
(6) Tai Chi provides the mental relaxation and physical fitness.
(7 ) I recommend the best school and best trainer in our city to you.
(8) My uncle is a master of Tai Chi.
(9) My uncle is always invited to instruct others all over the country.

根据提示和关键词进行遣词造句，适当地运用句型，注意时态和主谓一致问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词、亮点词汇）
用not only … but also 连接下面的两个句子
(3) Tai Chi is an ancient martial art.
(4) Tai Chi has been widely acknowledged as an effective health exercise.
→Tai Chi is not only is an ancient martial art but also has been widely acknowledged as an effective health exercise.
用形容词短语作状语连接下面两个句子
(5) Tai Chi is famous for its graceful and well-balanced movements.
(6) Tai Chi provides the mental relaxation and physical fitness.
→Famous for its graceful and well-balanced movements, Tai Chi provides the mental relaxation and physical fitness.
用定语从句连接下面的两个句子
(8) My uncle is a master of Tai Chi.
(9) My uncle is always invited to instruct others all over the country.
→(8) My uncle is a master of Tai Chi who is always invited to instruct others all over the country.
适当地运用高级词汇、复杂句式提升文章的档次，增加文章的可读性。
范文要点全面，结构清晰，层次分明，上下文连贯，在表达时用到了很多高级词汇，如show great preference for；be willing to；give sb. a hand；an ancient martial art；be widely acknowledged；be famous for；provides；mental relaxation；physical fitness；essential；instructor；recommend；introduce … to；invite等；复杂句式的运用提升了文章层次，如it作形式主语的运用It is amazing for me to know that you show great preference for Tai Chi and are willing to learn it soon；用并列连词not only … but also连接的句子Tai Chi is not only an ancient martial art, but has also been widely acknowledged as an effective health exercise；定语从句的运用my uncle is a master of Tai Chi who is always invited to instruct others all over the country等。