高中英语高考2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语模拟卷&仿真卷（四）（含解析）

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

高考英语模拟卷&仿真卷（四）

本试卷6页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等 相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。              .

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域 内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅 笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4. 考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂。

A

Scientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't exist

It’s a stellar black hole---the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds

This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday.

"Black boles of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery. "LB-1 is twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."

Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.

The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it “was not formed from the collapse of only one star," the study said--- instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.

Another possibility is that it formed from “fallback supermova.” This is when a supernoma---the last stage of an exploding star---ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.

This fallback formation is theoretically possible, but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process” for the first time, the study said.

There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA．Supermassive black holes are much bigger---they can be billions of times the mass of our sun,

Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.

21．Why does the writer write the article?

A．To report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory,

B．To inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,

C．To share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,

D．To demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.

22．Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?

A．It is the biggest black hole ever discovered,

B．It lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.

C．It couldn't have been formed from the collapse of one star,

D．Its discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the “fallback formation theory".

23．Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A．If the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.

B．A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.

C．"The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapsed and exploded.

D．If “the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.

B

Plants do not listen to the radio. But a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone—the first step toward creating what the researchers call an “Internet of plants.”

Scientists had previously attached sensors to trees to measure their water use, but “no other team had created a wireless radio network among plants, sending information while consuming only a few microwatts and costing just a few dollars,” says project leader Aggelos Bletsas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Technical University of Crete.

The network consists of several basic components: an existing FM radio station, an antenna (天线) attached to a lemon growing on a tree, a humidity (湿度) sensor in the lemon, a transistor connected to an antenna and an FM receiver. First, the antenna picks up the signal from the FM station, and then passes the signal to the transistor, which is modulated by the humidity sensor. The sensor switches the transistor on and off at a rate dependent on the plant’s moisture level: if the soil is wet or if the atmosphere is humid, that rate is lower; if it is dry, the rate is higher. Finally, the antenna broadcasts this information to the radio receiver on a mobile phone.

In this way, plants can tell farmers if they are thirsty. “We can literally ‘listen’ to the moisture of the plant, using our mobile FM radio with a $3.4 sensor,” Bletsas says. “Two of these sensors for every acre on any given farm might change the way we conduct agriculture and ‘understand’ plants.” He notes that more sensors may be needed for the best possible results. Such real-time information could enable better control of air and soil moisture.

Why go through all this trouble and not just use already common wireless technology, such as Bluetooth? “Not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” Bletsas says, but “a Bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. Our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”

“Bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says Alexandros Dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the research. “Their work could be a transformational Internet of Things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.”

Bletsas and his colleagues have already applied for a patent for their innovative technology in America.

24．The radio network created by Greek researchers _________.

A．consumes much energy      B．can be put in a smartphone

C．uses simple technology at low cost    D．broadcasts radio programs to plants

25．What does the underlined word “modulated” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Monitored.   B．Adjusted.    C．Measured.  D．Connected.

26．What is Alexandros Dimakis’ attitude to the “radio network”?

A．Positive.   B．Critical.    C．Neutral.  D．Doubtful.

27．What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To discuss methods of studying plants.

B．To assess the efficiency of Internet of plants.

C．To stress the importance of keeping soil’s moisture.

D．To introduce a new way of measuring plants’ water use.

C

Some of the most powerful companies in the world have co-founders. For example, Google(Sergey Brin and Larry Page),Apple(Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs),and Microsoft(Bill Gates and Paul Allen)and so on. Having partners can help to deal with the pressure and the failures that come with running a business. No matter how down on your luck you feel they may provide emotional support. They may have extra skills, and be on hand to help out with the day-to-day problems. And an alternate point of view may help to broaden your mind and aid the risk of mistakes being overlooked.

Everybody knows Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7.When the phone was launched in 2016,customers praised it for its storage, design and usability, and it may well have been a hit if it weren’t for the fact that it occasionally caught fire and exploded. It was soon banned immediately from flights, and Samsung had no choice but to recall the entire model. The shortcoming reportedly cost the company $1 billion, and a further $17 billion in lost sales. But remember, based on the lesson, the Galaxy Note 8 and the Galaxy Note 9 are well received in the world! Now we know that failing is part of business success.

One thing that all great companies have in common is that they have failed many times—and luckily, they bounced back. Take Sarah Blakely, founder of shapewear brand Spanx for example. She credits her business success specifically to her failures. “I’d get kicked out of buildings all day long, “she remembered. “People would tear up my business card in my face. But my friends and I knew I could sell and I knew I wanted to sell something I had created. I learned that ‘no’ doesn’t always mean ‘no’ ,and that you may get 30 nos before you get the one yes. People told me no with Spanx for two years. “Spanx is worth just over $1 billion—it was a company that Blakely who took a degree in a law school started with just $5 000!

28．What can we learn from the examples in Paragraph 1?

A．Two heads are better than one.     B．Constant dropping wears the stone.

C．God helps those who help themselves.   D．All things are difficult before they are easy.

29．Why does the author mention Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7,8 and 9?

A．To suggest customers should follow the new trends.

B．To prove Samsung is responsible for customers.

C．To show Samsung paid for its product failure.

D．To explain that failures don’t spell the end.

30．What mainly contributed to Sarah Blakely’s success?

A．Her friends’help.    B．Her will power.

C．Her good luck.    D．Her education background.

31．How does the author develop the passage?

A．By making contrast.    B．By making classification.

C．By giving examples.    D．By giving numbers.

D

People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A．I., will bring about a point in history when A．I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.

The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, The A．I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.

Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A．I. revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide - scale elimination of jobs -- mostly lower - paying jobs, but some higher - paying ones, too.

This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A．I., as well as for the companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?

Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A．I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross - field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high - paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are lower - paying jobs involving the “people skills” that A．I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen -- professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?

The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that A．I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.

Other volunteer jobs may be higher - paying and professional, such as compassionate medial service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.

32．In what aspect is the A．I. revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer revolution?

A．The A．I. revolution will finally become one beyond human’s control.

B．A．I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.

C．Higher - paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A．I. revolution.

D．It may bring about mass unemployment to matter how much employees are paid.

33．The underlined word “promising” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.

A．promotional             B．demanding            C．guaranteed        D．potential

34．What does the author suggest in the face of the A．I. revolution?

A．It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.

B．People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.

C．The problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.

D．Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.

35．Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?

A．The A．I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities.

B．Challenges the A．I. Revolution Brings to Job Market.

C．A Double - edged Sword: the A．I. Revolution.

D．Interrelationship between A．I. and Unemployment.

第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Make Your Fitness Resolution Stick

Last year, the most common New Year’s resolution was fitness-related. A study showed that approximately 50 million Americans swore to increase activities and lose weight.     36    , success was hard to achieve. Two months later, only 37 percent of people in their 20s and 16 percent over age 50 had kept to their new fitness habit.

    37    , the benefits of such a change are clear. There is no question that exercise plays a role in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Weekly exercise routines have been shown to reduce rates of depression and anxiety, lessen risk of heart attacks and strokes, and reduce the high rates of diabetes.

    38    . It’s suggested that 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise like swimming, or 75 minutes per week of intense exercise, like jogging, should be the minimum amount exercise needed to achieve maximum medical benefit if you stick to it.

Often, the best way to increase your exercise is to involve movement in your everyday life. On average, urban citizen who go to work by bike or public transportation are fitter than suburban citizens who drive to work.     39    . They are good ways to increase the amount of your movement every day.

Whether you determine to work out at your local gym three times a week, take 10,000 steps a day or give your dog an extra walk every day, what matters most is not your commitment to exercise but your sticking to it.     40    .

A. While behavior change is tough

B. Although they had good intentions

C. However hard they try to make up their mind

D. There is always one type of exercise that you are fond of

E. Besides, taking the stairs instead of the elevator also helps

F. So commit to something you love and keep to your fitness habit

G. The best form of exercise is the type that someone will consistently perform

第三部分英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them    41    side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud    42    filled the room and made them feel very happy.

The next morning,    43   , their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a   44    under their door during the night. One of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all    45    people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their   46    and apologize for their playing.

“Maybe we could go and    47    everyone in person.” his mother said.

“What if we invited them to come here for a    48    instead?” Dario asked.

They both loved the    49   . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts    50    their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers (彩带) and party lights.

Finally, the day of the party    51   . Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to    52   . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert,    53    Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.

“I heard you playing the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I    54    that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”

Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we    55    you an apology.” she said. “I didn’t    56    how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.

“You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such   57    music.”

“These songs are beautiful music.” Dario’s mother said. “We will be    58    to play them in the evening.”

“And we won’t play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was already looking forward to   59    the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mother’s face. It gave him a feeling of   60    and made him feel that they were home at last.

41．A．sat B．stood C．lay D．walked

42．A．voice B．ring C．music D．cry

43．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．instead

44．A．note B．poster C．bill D．report

45．A．proud B．rich C．lucky D．nice

46．A．neighbors B．friends C．relatives D．audience

47．A．blame B．instruct C．question D．visit

48．A．party B．concert C．show D．play

49．A．experience B．idea C．performance D．action

50．A．to B．with C．for D．from

51．A．continued B．arrived C．passed D．finished

52．A．order B．sell C．share D．advertise

53．A．treated B．presented C．helped D．served

54．A．promised B．admitted C．agreed D．worried

55．A．give B．send C．offer D．owe

56．A．realize B．remember C．understand D．accept

57．A．sweet B．strange C．funny D．loud

58．A．brave B．sorry C．happy D．afraid

59．A．changing B．practicing C．recording D．writing

60．A．equality B．freedom C．warmth D．sympathy

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.

About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among    61    was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is    62    (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.

To guarantee the    63    (safe) of the palace, festival organizers    64    (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb    65    (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.

Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang    66    (bring) many changes to the world’s    67    (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional    68    (treasure) come alive again. “   69    matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are    70    people’s daily lives,” he said.

第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节 短文改错(共10小题:每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ˆ）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Tom,

I'm glad to hear that you are coming for a holiday in our city the next month. I'm such happy that you will stay in my house.

There have been greatly changes in the last three year in my home. First, we have rebuilt your house, which now has four private rooms. You can choose any of them to live when you come. Second, my parents have set up a small restaurant in our village，that you can eat healthily. I'm really willing to be your guide to make your journey interested and meaningful.

If you had any requests, don't hesitate to let me know. Looking forward to hear from you.                   

Yours, Li Hua

第二节书面表达 (满分25分)

假如你们学校英语爱好者俱乐部对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论，请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。内容要点应包括：

注意：

1. 发言稿必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；2. 发言稿开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；

3. 记数；100 左右

4. 参考词汇：偏食 be particular about food 零食 snack

Dear friends,

As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

参考答案

第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

21-23 CDA   24-27 CBAD      28-31 ADBC     32-35 DDAB      36-40  BAGEF

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1・5分，满分30分）

41-45 ACBAD       46-50 ADABC . 51-55 BCBDD        56-60ADCBC

第二节 语篇填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

61. whom；62. truly；63. safety；64. planning；65. themselves；   

66. has brought；67. largest；68. treasures；69. What；70. to； 

评分标准：内容、时态、大小写、单复数都与答案完全一致才得分。

第四部分 写作（共两节,满分35分）

第一节 短文改错（共10处；每处1分，满分10分）

1.→ 去掉the；2. such → so；3. greatly → great ；4.year → years ；5.your → our； 

6. → live后加in；7.that → where；8.interested → interesting；9. had → have；10.hear → hearing；

第二节  书面表达(满分25分)

As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits. However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast ; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food, and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health.

To keep fit, we should have a healthy diet, which generally includes proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruits as well as main food, Besides, we’d better have meals regularly.

In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong figure. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.

That’s all. Thank you!