专题01：语法填空之有提示词梳理——【新高考】2023年高考英语二轮专题总复习精讲精练（原卷版+解析版）

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【解法思维导图】
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
第一步：确定是否作谓语
首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
第二步： 若填谓语动词， 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；
②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
③看人称和数， 确保主谓一致
【例】 [2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It __41__ (build) riginally t prtect the city 42.in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复).
分析：
第一步：确定填谓语。
分析句子成分可知，空处和“has nw been cmpletely restred”作并列谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it (the Xi'an City Wall)”与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
考查非谓语动词
（二）高频考点之二：名、形、副词性转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
affrd→affrdable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词
cnfuse→cnfused 感到困惑的
wrry→wrried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
dubt→dubtful 怀疑的
frget→frgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2．动词转换为名词
①v.＋-in/-tin/-atin/-sin转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebratin n．庆祝
cmpete→cmpetitin n．比赛
pllute→pllutin n．污染
educate→ educatin n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
annunce→annuncement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据
develp→develpment n．发展
③v.＋-er/-r 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perfrm→perfrmer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者
educate→educatr n．教育家
direct→directr n．导演
3.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：
①有数词或these, thse, several, many, all, bth, varius, numerus等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有ne f时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋-able→adj. hnr→hnrable
②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.＋-ful→adj. clur→clurful
④n.＋-en→adj. wd→wden
⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-： curage→encurage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: aplgy →aplgize v．道歉
6.填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。
7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。
8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lt, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，f，amng等时用最高级。
③设空前有ne f the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级 ＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。
9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；
1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, yu, he等)
2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(urs, mine, yurs, its等)
3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(ur, my, yur, their等)
4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yurself, itself等)
5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
6．that，thse作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
_____
优选真题演练

【2022年新高考全国I卷】
The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cver)an area abut three times ___57___ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ___58___ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, ___61___ leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”. The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ___62___ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
Giant pandas als serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China. The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
【2022年新高考全国II卷】
Henry Tyler made the catch f the year n the weekend. When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brwn, nly three years ld, kncked Henry dwn when he fell. The by is in the hspital and dctrs say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt. On the day f the accident, Mrs. Brwn was at wrk and Eric was at hme with his father. They bth fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he lked dwn, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge. He hung n fr a few minutes ___41___ screamed fr his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly ___43___ (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
He saved my ___44___ (sn) life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw ___45___ t thank him.”
"I just didn't want the by t be hurt," said Henry.
_____
名校好题必测
湖南省岳阳地区2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性考试
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After three days in Hangzhu, we ____36____ (wind) ur way up a rad that lked like a black snake alng the tight curves arund M Gan Muntain. The trees and bushes waved in the mild breezes ____37____, befre the funding f the Peple’s Republic f China, made M Can Muntain a favrite place ften ____38____ (visit) by wealthy freign clnialists ____39____ (seek) a shrt escape frm the heated plains belw.
Giant bamb blanketed the muntains s ____40____ (thick) that they resembled green feathers, waving in the wind. ____41____ when the rad led us beneath the ____42____ (twer) bamb they became great cathedrals — an endless living tunnel pening int an almst unusual light.
As we inched arund curves, the bamb cver smetimes gave way ____43____ a magnificent view f Swiss-lking villages, their wden shingled (盖木瓦的) hmes with carved wden balcnies nestled in alpine valleys far belw. I ____44____ (spend) a summer n MGan Funtain happily but we were already behind schedule, and after t brief ____45____ stay we pushed n t the Great Ditch.
山东省青岛第二中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试
Human-wildlife cnflict, ____36____(refer) t direct interactins between humans and wildlife with negative utcmes, ____37____(cst) the glbal ecnmy billins f dllars annually. ____38____(make) matters wrse , it threats human lives and causes many species t die ut. These cnflicts ____39____(large) result frm humans and wildlife seeking limited resurces in the same landscapes and ften have many unexpected cnsequences. Serius climate events can als bring abut rapid changes in resurce availability, ____40____may drive strng respnses in animals and peple. The ____41____ (cmpete) between the tw grws tugher as a cnsequence. Drughts ____42____ particular have caused sme f the mst visible cnflicts. Despite the gravity f these cnflicts, climate change is making human-wildlife cnflict even ____43____(serius). With peple and wildlife sharing crwded spaces and limited resurces, human-wildlife cnflict is rising in frequency. Many peple, ____44____, still haven’t really realized hw cmplex and severe the prblem is. Therefre, t prtect wildlife and humans alike, it is vital ____45____ a wide range f research and institutins shuld cnsider the rle f a changing climate in shaping the cmplex dynamics f cnflict.
湖北十堰市联合体2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中联考英语试题
Shennngjia is ne f the mst ppular scenic spts in China. It is said t be the place___36___the Emperr Yan nce lived. Sme visitrs hpe that they may even encunter the legendary “wild man”. They d nt actually see any wild man,___37___they’re attracted by Shennngjia’s natural wnders and rich bidiversity. Shennngjia’s beauty___38___ (vary) frm seasn t seasn. Turists can enjy flwer blssms in spring, be shaded___39___the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn and g skiing in winter.
Official data shwed that turist___40___(visit) t Shennngjia Frestry District reached mre than 15.5 millin last year. And the frest area aims___41___(increase) that annual figure t ver 30 millin in the near future. The jurney t Shennngjia will take up t five hurs frm nearby Yichang and Shiyan City.It___42___(estimate) that Shennngjia will be linked t a___43___(new) built high-speed railway, making the muntainus regin mre accessible.
Frm Nv.1 t Dec.31, turists can buy a___44___(discunt) ticket f the six majr scenic areas in Shennngjia fr 99 yuan, abut 40 percent f____45____riginal price. 解题
攻略
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，ding表示主动、正在进行；dne表示被动、完成；t d表示尚未发生的动作。
举例4
Yu dn't have t run fast r fr lng __ __ (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f ____ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词dn't have t run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式t see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词f，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词f的宾语。
举例5
Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ____ (imprve) water quality.
分析：句中已有谓语动词encurages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式t imprve，作目的状语。
举例6
China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while ___ (feed) its citizens “ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词ffers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。
举例7
But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s, when I was the first Western TV reprter ____(permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reprter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted t ...作后置定语，修饰reprter。故填permitted。
解题攻略
例
•第一步：确定是否考查词形转换：
提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。
•第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词：
根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。
【例】 [2021·全国卷乙]It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas — bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ________ (develp) f the lcal areas.
分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换
提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allws及并列谓语prvides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。
第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词
根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。