2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点20 任务型阅读之还原句子

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核心考点20 任务型阅读之还原句子一、考向分析为了弥补阅读理解客观题(判断是非题与单项选择题)一统天下、考生容易猜测的局面，近年来各地中考英语阅读理解部分都引入了属于主观题性质的任务型阅读，要求考生或填写表格(一般限定词数)，或回答问题。这类试题的难度最大，考生如果不能真正读懂并理解文章，就无法下笔。 值得一提的是,近年来任务型阅读的主观题在各地中考英语试题中所占的比例越来越大，有的地方试题甚至采用两篇,既要求考生根据文章填写表格，又要求考生在阅读文章后回答问题，但是，综观任何一组中考英语阅读理解试题，试题的难易度分布非常有序。二、考点详解1. 解题步骤    （1）读选项，画关键词，暗排序。   （2）读文章，找逻辑，抓过渡词。   （3）先易后难来解题。   （4）回读文章定答案。   2. 得分技巧    （1）抓住过渡词，看住上下句。   （2）盯紧横线的前后词语。    通过学生对这类题型的解题步骤、思路及技巧的练习和实践，可总结出以下复习策略：1. 养成限时阅读的习惯，提高阅读速度。培养学生的阅读技能， 处理好阅读速度与效率问题。阅读速度应控制在每篇5分钟，每分钟40—50个词为宜。2. 注意常考点。平时练习多注意代词（如it，this，they）、选项的句内关系（如因果、转折）及重现（文章与选项的复现提示）等。 3. 解题技巧  通读全文，了解文章大意。根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。1. 如果问题设在段首  （1）通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。（2）与后文是并列，转折，因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。（3）段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2. 如果问题设在段尾（1）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。（2）通常是结论，概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果结论，总结等的信号词，如：Therefore， as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。（3）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。（4）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此，根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。（5）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段的开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。（6）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题，通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。 三、真题再现一、阅读还原5选5（2021·四川雅安·中考真题）根据短文内容, 从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. Confidence（自信心）is very important in our daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy life style. A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chances to make themselves successful.__1__Speak loud. When you are not confident, you can’t do well what you want to do. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. __2__The high voice can help you become more confident. Play sports. __3__A strong body helps you be full of confidence. Encourage yourself. To see how many good things you have done, you can write down a list of good things you did during the day. Did you help others? Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh? __4__Get rid of（消除）fear. Fear comes along with failure（失败）. But it’s easy to overcome if you know that failure is part of your life. Try to start again and believe you can do better. __5__If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make you happy and confident.A．Pick up a hobby.B．Here are some tips on how to be more confident.C．Give yourself praise for the good things you've done. D． Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed.E．Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly.【答案】1．B2．E3．D4．C5．A【详解】短文讲了自信心在我们的日常生活中是非常重要的。详细地介绍了一些如何让你变得更自信的建议。1.根据前句“They can have more chances to make themselves successful.” 可知说的是如何变得自信, 结合选项, 应说下面是一些如何变得更自信的建议。故选B。2. 根据后句“The high voice can help you become more confident. ”可知说的是大声说话可以帮助你变得更加自信, 结合选项, 应说尽量大声说话, 以便人们能听清楚。故选E。3.根据前句“Play sports. ”可知说的是运动, 结合选项, 应说体育锻炼使你疲惫但却完全放松。故选D。4.根据前句“Encourage yourself. ”可知鼓励自己。结合选项, 应说对自己做过的好事给予表扬。故选C。5.根据后句“If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make you happy and confident. ”可知说的是爱好可以让你快乐和自信，结合选项, 可知建议培养一种爱好。故选A。（2021·湖北省直辖县级单位·中考真题）阅读短文，然后根据短文内容，从文后所给的五个句子中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。When people write in English, they use letters of the alphabet. People who write in Chinese however, use characters（文字）that stand for words or ideas. ____6____. The earliest forms were called “oracle bones”. These were animal bones marked with pictures and symbols. In addition to writing on bones, the Chinese also made marks on turtle shells（龟壳）. By 1400 BC, the Chinese writing system（系统） had become more complex. ____7____. Around 200 BC, Chinese characters became standardized. This means that everyone used the same characters. ____8____. For example, the character that means man in the Lishu system from 200 BC is similar to the character that means man from the Jiantizi or modern simplified system, of the twentieth century. People have made efforts to change Chinese characters over the centuries. ____9____. The Chinese government simplified（简化）many characters so that more people could learn to read. This simpler system is used in mainland China and Singapore. ____10____. Even with these changes, Chinese writing from 2,200 years ago is still understood today.A．It had more than 2,500 charactersB．Historians believe Chinese writing began as early as 1500 BCC．The most important changes happened in the twentieth centuryD．Traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and MacauE．Many modern Chinese characters are similar to those from 2,000 years ago【答案】6．B7．A8．E9．C10．D【分析】本文主要介绍了汉字的发展历程。6．根据“People who write in Chinese however, use characters（文字）that stand for words or ideas”及“The earliest forms were called ‘oracle bones’.”可知，此处应介绍中国汉字的早期开始，B选项“历史学家认为，中国的文字早在公元前1500年就开始了”符合，故选B。7．根据“Around 200 BC, Chinese characters became standardized”可知，此处应介绍中国汉字种类有关的内容，A选项“它有超过2500个文字”符合，故选A。8．根据“For example, the character that means man in the Lishu system from 200 BC is similar to the character that means man from the Jiantizi or modern simplified system, of the twentieth century”可知，此处应介绍现在汉字与古代汉字的相似之处，E选项“例如，在公元前200年的梨树体系中，表示人的文字与20世纪的简体字或现代简化体系中表示人的文字很相似”符合，故选E。9．根据“People have made efforts to change Chinese characters over the centuries”可知，此处应介绍人们改变汉字的有关情况，C选项“最重要的变化发生在二十世纪”符合，故选C。10．根据“This simpler system is used in mainland China and Singapore. ”可知，此处应介绍汉字被应用的情况，D选项“台湾、香港和澳门使用繁体字”符合，故选D。（2021·山东威海·中考真题）Most people hate change, which is sad since we often go through big changes in life. And for some of us, even the smallest changes can upset one day. So the question is: Why do most of us find making changes to our lives so hard?___11___Fear of change is nothing new. Over a century ago, people of Paris were unhappy over a particular addition to their city: the Eiffel Tower. In fact, people were so angry about the plans for the tower that they protested（抗议）it. ___12___. They were given no choice about the huge change that was going to be made, so they became angry. But we get upset over changes even when we do have a say in the matter. Changes are brought about every day by the decisions we make: which school to attend, which job to take, whom to marry. Voluntary（自愿的） changes also make most of us uneasy because we don’t know how those changes will affect our future.___13___People have discovered that the key to overcoming the fear and anger of change is to be flexible（灵活的）. ___14___ Being flexible is especially important in the 21st century as technology makes change take place faster than ever before. Those who refuse change, especially with technology in the workplace, may find themselves out of a job.When change comes, and you have no choice but to face it, accept it. A positive attitude helps a lot. In fact, the change may turn out to be the best thing for you. That new job you got may end up being much better than your old one. You may make the best friends of your life in the new city you moved to. ___15___ The change is the reality（现实）, and it’s up to you whether the change will be a success or a failure. You never know – your next change may be your life’s Eiffel Tower!A．Although it might seem strange, their anger was completely natural.B．When they are flexible, people can accept new situations more easily.C．Don’t only focus on how you feel about change; instead decide to accept the change.D．How we can overcome our fear of change?E．Why we dislike change?【答案】11．E12．A13．D14．B15．C【分析】本文讲述了如何克服改变所带来的恐惧和愤怒。11．根据“Voluntary（自愿的） changes also make most of us uneasy because we don’t know how those changes will affect our future.”可知，此处介绍我们不喜欢改变的原因，E项“为什么我们不喜欢改变？”符合语境，故选E。12．根据“In fact, people were so angry about the plans for the tower that they protested（抗议）it.”可知，他们对建造艾菲尔铁塔感到生气，A项“虽然看起来很奇怪，但他们的愤怒是完全自然的。”符合语境，故选A。13．根据“People have discovered that the key to overcoming the fear and anger of change is to be flexible（灵活的）.”可知，此处介绍克服改变带来的恐惧和愤怒的方法，D项“我们如何才能克服对改变的恐惧？”符合语境，故选D。14．根据“Being flexible is especially important in the 21st century as technology makes change take place faster than ever before.”可知，灵活是很重要的，B项“当他们是灵活的，人们可以更容易地接受新情况。”符合语境，故选B。15．根据“When change comes, and you have no choice but to face it, accept it.”可知，要接受改变，C项“不要只关注你对改变的感觉；相反，决定接受改变。”符合语境，故选C。（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）Blood type is helpful to decide one’s character. People might be surprised if you don’t know your blood type. ____16____ Now let’s see what the four blood types say.Type O: You are popular, friendly and creative. You might be a good leader. Good jobs for you: sportsman, player...____17____: People seem to be quiet outside but filled with worry inside. You are a good listener and have many friends. Good jobs for you: writer, computer programmer...Type B: You can finish big tasks independently, ____18____ You are good at reading people and helping others. Good jobs for you: teacher, social worker...Type AB: ____19____You may be outgoing and friendly. You are more careful than others. Usually you like to help others. Good jobs for you: cook, reporter...____20____ But we don’t have to take it too seriously—just for fun!A．Type AB．There are four blood type: O, A, B and AB．C．Blood type is a fun way for us to know things about ourselves.D．You work hard and often have your own way to achieve your goals.E．This kind of people often have the characters of both A and B people.【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．E20．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种血型对应的性格和适合的工作。16．根据空后“Now let's see what the four blood types say.”可知，空处应是说有四种血型。选项B“有四种血型：O型，A型，B型和AB型”符合语境。故选B。17．根据上文“Now let's see what the four blood types say.和文中出现的Type O、Type B和Type AB”可知，空处应是介绍A型血。选择A“A型”符合语境。故选A。18．根据空前“Type B You can finish big tasks independently”可知，空处应是说B型血的人独立性很强。选项D“你努力工作，经常有自己的方式来实现你的目标”符合语境。故选D。19．根据空后“You may be outgoing and friendly. You are more careful than others. Usually you like to help others”可知，空处应是介绍AB型血的人的性格。选项E“这类人往往有A型和B型血的人的性格”符合语境。故选E。20．根据后句“But we don't have to take it too seriously—just for fun!”可知，空处应是说血型只是了解自己的有趣方式。选项C“血型是我们了解自己的有趣方式”符合语境。故选C。（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）Whenever you are invited to a western family for dinner, to know some knowledge of western manners is very important. _____21_____ First, be on time. To be a polite guest, be sure to get there on time. Being late as well as being too early is impolite. If you can’t get there on time, make a call as early as possible._____22_____ People in different countries have different ways of greeting each other. In Britain and the United States, people are supposed to shake hands when they meet for the first time. For friends, they may choose a hug. In France, greeting with a kiss is very common.Third, mind table manners. When having dinner, you should behave properly. For example, putting your spoon in the soup bowl is considered impolite. _____23_____ Be careful not to make much noise when cutting things with your knife.Fourth, keep a proper talking distance(距离). Generally, one meter between each other is perfect in Britain.   _____24_____ People will feel uncomfortable when they are too close to each other or too far from each other._____25_____ Some flowers or a bottle of wine is enough. If there are children, some chocolate will be nice.As the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” It’s just the key to being a polite guest abroad.根据短文内容，将下面的句子还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺（每个选项只能用一次。）A．Second, choose proper greeting manners.B．Here are five useful tips for you.C．However, half a meter is OK in the United States.D．Last, prepare a small gift.E．And don’t try to talk with your mouth full.【答案】21．B22．A23．E24．C25．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍被邀请到西方家庭吃饭时，需要了解的一些西方礼仪知识。21．根据“to know some knowledge of western manners is very important”和后文介绍的五点建议可知，选项B“这里有五个对你有用的建议”符合语境，故选B。22．根据“First, be on time.”和“Third, mind table manners.”可知，此处应该介绍第二点建议，选项A“第二，选择合适的问候方式”符合语境，故选A。23．根据“Third, mind table manners.”可知，本段介绍餐桌礼仪，选项E“不要在嘴里塞满东西的时候说话”符合语境，故选E。24．根据“Fourth, keep a proper talking distance(距离). Generally, one meter between each other is perfect in Britain.”可知，本段介绍不同国家合适的谈话距离，选项C“不过，在美国半米就可以了”符合语境，故选C。25．根据“Some flowers or a bottle of wine is enough. If there are children, some chocolate will be nice.”可知，本段建议带花、酒或者巧克力给主人，选项D“最后，准备一个小礼物”符合语境，故选D。