2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点04 非谓语动词

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核心考点04  非谓语动词一、考向分析根据对非谓语动词部分全国各省、市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一，其考查重点为：1. it作形式主语、宾语的用法2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法:3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带口，但变为被动语态时就要带to:5. 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宽语，但表达的意思不同。二、考点详解考点一：不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。 作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity,Can you give me  a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ 作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法    ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。   ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。考点二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing.It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法      即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt,等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考点三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成      现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。 三、真题再现一、单项选择1．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）Today there are already robots ________ in the restaurants. They are serving the people.A．works B．worked C．working D．work2．（2021·四川资阳·中考真题）We all need to know ________ to do if there is an earthquake.A．how B．what C．which D．whether3．（2021·西藏·中考真题）His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us ________ all the time.A．laughs B．laughing C．to laugh D．laugh4．（2021·西藏·中考真题）My mother says ________ a glass of milk every day is good for our health.A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks5．（2021·西藏·中考真题）It’s very kind ________ you ________ others when they’re in need.A．for; to help B．of; to help C．for; helping D．of; helping6．（2021·四川雅安·中考真题）My family enjoy ________ books in the city library in our spare time.A．reads B．read C．to read D．reading7．（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）Students should have outdoor activities every day ________ their eyesight.A．improve B．to improve C．check D．to check8．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Because of COVID-19, the government advised us ________ to the public places less.A．going B．to go C．not to go D．go9．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）—China is getting better and better at making high technology products. —That’s right. People around the world can hardly avoid ________ these products made in China.A．to buy B．not to buy C．buying D．not buying10．（2021·广西柳州·中考真题）Alice couldn’t make herself ________ attention to because her classmates made so much noise.A．pay B．paid C．paying二、用所给单词的正确形式填空11．（2021·西藏·中考真题）In the future, computers may read the emotion(情绪) of people by ________ (use) facial recognition (人脸识别) technology.12．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）It’s kind of you ______ (help) the old cross the road.13．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Volunteers in our community are busy ______ (get) ready for the coming charity show.14．（2021·上海·中考真题）Tony has made up his mind to be a soldier to ________ the country after graduation. (service)15．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）The managers of the big company have been used to ________ (deal) with problems online.三、完成句子16．（2021·广东广州·中考真题）动笔前，先仔细计划要写什么。Before you start, plan carefully _________ _________ _________.17．（2021·山东烟台·中考真题）疫苗接种是阻止新冠病毒传播的有效方式。Vaccination is an effective ________ to stop COVID-19 from ________.18．（2021·江苏常州·中考真题）及时复习功课是一个多么好的习惯啊！What __________________________ your lessons in time!四、改写句子19．（2021·上海·中考真题）John is wondering how he can keep the balance between work and play. （改为简单句）John is wondering ________   ________ keep the balance between work and play.20．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）I heard a girl sing in the next room.(改为被动语态)A girl __________ heard _________ sing in the next room.五、用所给单词的正确形式填空【2021·江苏省泰州中学附属初中.模拟】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。每空不限一词。21．Students all enjoy _____ (study) in their school.22．How long does it take them _____ (practise) football everyday?23．The coat is one of the _____ (hero).24．Sometimes I have fun _____ (write) emails to my online friends.25．Please tell me how _____ (make) dumplings, will you?