2022-2023学年上海进才中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海进才中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

进才中学2022学年高一第一学期期中考试
高一英语试卷
(时间90分钟，满分100 分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In the electronic appliance shop. B. At a bus stop.
C. At the airport. D. In the hospital.
2. A.200 yuan. B. 400 yuan.
C. 600 yuan. D. 1,200 yuan.
3. A. A couple. B. Colleagues.
C. Parent and teacher. D. Employee and job consultant.
4. A. He is Michael’s good friend. B. He is Michael’s neighbor.
C. He has a good appetite. D. He is a classic music fan.
5. A. The hospital. B. The gas station.
C. The post office. D. The police station.
6. A. Online shopping saves money on clothing.
B. The woman shouldn’t have bought so many clothes.
C. The woman should try other types of clothes instead of T-shirts.
D. Every woman needs many beautiful clothes.
7. A. The girl’s favorite sweets are chocolates and candies.
B. The girl should go to the supermarket with him together.
C. It’s time for the girl to try something sweet.
D. The girl’s teeth are in bad condition.
8. A. Writing a report. B. Doing a project.
C. Travelling on business. D. Contacting customers.
9. A. He is looking forward to going home for the summer.
B. He is planning to do some accounting work in summer.
C. He is not eager to spend time at home in summer.
D. He hasn’t decided where to go for the summer.
10. A. They can buy vegetables together.
B. They can dine out for dinner that day.
C. He doesn’t like the food cooked by the woman.
D. He has never eaten in that restaurant.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Hong Kong. B. London. C. Copenhagen. D. Dubai.
12. A. The airport facilities. B. The food quality.
C. The airport safety. D. The ticket price.
13. A. Because they pay much attention to toilet cleanliness.
B. Because they provide discounts on ticket prices.
C. Because they try to learn from European airports.
D. Because they try every means to build a loyal customer base.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Mountain climbers are risking lives.
B. Both young and old climbers take part in mountaineering.
C. Mountaineering doesn’t have man-made rules.
D. Mountaineering is forbidden in some countries.
15. A. Mountaineering is more dangerous than other forms of sports.
B. Mountaineering doesn’t call for team efforts.
C. Mountaineering is attractive to people.
D. Mountain climbers often fall from the rocks and die.
16. A. Because they have more teammates.
B. Because mountaineering doesn’t need much strength.
C. Because they face less natural forces.
D. Because they are more skillful.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.
B. He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.
C. He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.
D. He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.
18. A. He prefers a ful1-time job with more responsibility.
B. He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.
C. He likes to work in a company close to home.
D He would rather get a less demanding job.
19. A. Sports. B. Travel.
C. Foreign languages. D. Computer games.
20. A. When he is supposed to start work.
B. What responsibilities he would have.
C. When he will be informed about his application.
D. What career opportunities her company can offer.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A (1’*10 =10’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. This kind of cloth was sold out in no time at the trade fair yesterday because it very easily.
A. is washed B. washes C. washed D. has been washed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这种布在昨天的展会上很快就卖光了，因为它很容易洗。设空处为从句谓语，一些不及物动词，像wash, sell, write, cut, read, tear, drive等，如果物作主语，常和相关的副词连用，主动形式表示被动关系，所以这里用主动语态，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语it，谓语用第三人称单数，故选B。
2. It was because his mother was critically ill he was absent from the committee meeting.
A. why B. when C. so D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：正是因为他母亲病重，他才没有出席委员会会议。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句：It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其它部分，被强调部分为 because his mother was critically ill，故选D。
3. The manager got to the company hurriedly, only to find that he his laptop and files at home.
A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：经理匆忙赶到公司，结果却发现他把笔记本电脑和文件忘在家里了。分析句子可知got to the company用的是一般过去时，电脑和文件落家里应该是到办公室之前，所以用过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选C。
4. George promises he all the domestic chores by the time his parents are back this evening.
A. will finish B. has finished C. will be finishing D. will have finished
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：乔治承诺，到今晚他父母回来的时候，他已经完成了所有的家务了。根据主句George promises可知，应用一般将来时，再根据by the time his parents are back this evening可知，表示到那个时间已经完成，因此此句用将来完成时。故选D。
5. Scarcely had the diners sat down when the waitress sweet mint tea and appetizers for them.
A. would serve B. served C. had served D. was serving
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：食客们刚坐下，女服务员就为他们端上了甜薄荷茶和开胃菜。固定句型：Scarcely +过去完成时+when+一般过去时，意为“一……就……”，设空处应用一般过去时，故选B。
6. Peter to take up the offer, but finally rejected it due to the long commuting time.
A. was intended B. was intending C. had intended D. has been intending
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：彼得本打算接受这份工作，但由于通勤时间太长，他最终拒绝了。根据后文but finally rejected it due to the long commuting time.可知，表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故选C。
7. Larry’s parents made up their mind that they a new house once their little daughter changed her job.
A. had bought B. was buying C. would buy D. would have bought
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：拉里的父母决定他们的小女儿一换工作，他们就买一套新房子。设空处为从句谓语，根据主语made up their mind可知应为过去的相应时态，once引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般过去时，所以主句应用过去将来时，故选C。
8. We will do everything we can to help anybody, his background is, to go as far as his talents will take him.
A. wherever B. however C. whichever D. whatever
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：我们将尽我们所能来帮助任何人，无论他的背景是什么，他的才能都将带他走的很远。A.wherever无论在哪里；B.however无论如何；C.whichever无论哪个；D.whatever无论什么。根据句意可知，此处表示“无论什么”，在从句中作表语，应用whatever引导。故选D。
9. With the improvement in healthcare China a sharp increase in the number of aged people over the past decade.
A. has witnessed B. witnessed C. had witnessed D. is witnessing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：随着医疗保健水平的改善，中国见证了老年人口数量在过去的十年中急剧增加。根据时间状语“over the past decade”可知，在过去的十年中，中国已经见证了老年人数量的急剧增加，表示对现在造成的影响，所以谓语动词用现在完成时态，故选A。
10. The first time he the documentary on stray animals, he resolved to join the Animal Rescue Group in an effort to do his bit.
A. has watched B. watched C. had watched D. was watching
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：当他第一次看到关于流浪动物的纪录片时，他决定加入动物救援组织，尽自己的一份力。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，结合语境和后文“he resolved to join the Animal Rescue Group in an effort to do his bit.”可知，描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时。故选B。
Section B (1’*10 =10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Today’s children are exhausted, and not just because one in three kids is not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation in kids (who require at least nine hours a night, depending on age) has been found to ____11____ decrease academic achievement, lower intelligence test scores, slow physical growth, and ____12____ to moodiness and irritability. While the argument for protecting our children’s sleep time is convincing, there is another kind of rest that is ____13____ and beneficial to our children’s academic, emotional, and creative lives: daydreaming.
Not all mental downtime (停工休息期) is alike, of course. Downtime spent playing a videogame or watching a television show may have its ____14____, but the kind of downtime I am talking about is different. I’m talking about the kind of mind-wandering that happens when the brain is free of interruption and allowed to get rid of the ____15____ of the day. Television, video games, and other electronic ____16____ prevent this kind of mental wandering because they interrupt the flow of thoughts and memories that ____17____ the foundation of positive, productive daydreaming.
There is, however, another way of looking at mind wandering. For the individual, mind wandering offers the possibility of very real, personal reward, some immediate, some more ____18____. These rewards include self-awareness, memory consolidation, future planning, simulating the ____19____ of another person, evaluating the implications of self and others’ emotional reactions, moral reasoning.
In other words, daydreaming only seems lazy from the outside, but viewed from the inside or from the perspective of a psychologist, such as Kaufman, or a neuroscientist, such as Mary Helen, a complicated and extremely ____20____ neurological process is taking place. Viewed from the inside, our children are exploring the only space where they truly have autonomy: their own minds.
【答案】11. E 12. H
13. K 14. C
15. A 16. B
17. J 18. G
19. D 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。如今的孩子疲惫不堪，这不仅仅是因为三分之一的孩子睡眠不足。睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。虽然保护孩子睡眠时间的理由很有说服力，但还有一种休息方式：白日梦，被低估了，它对孩子的学习、情感和创造生活都有好处。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：儿童（根据年龄不同每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠）睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。修饰动词decrease，结合句意表示“显著”应用significantly。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：儿童（根据年龄不同每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠）睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。结合句意表示“导致”可知，短语为contribute to，且与上文decrease构成并列结构，应填原形。故选H。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：虽然保护孩子睡眠时间的理由很有说服力，但还有一种休息方式：白日梦，被低估了，它对孩子的学习、情感和创造生活都有好处：白日梦。结合句意表示“低估”，应用动词underestimate，结合上文is可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故选K。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：休息时间花在玩电子游戏或看电视节目可能有它的魅力，但我所说的那种休息时间是不同的。作宾语，结合句意表示“魅力”，应填复数名词charms。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：我说的是当大脑不受干扰，可以摆脱一天的烦恼时，就会发生的那种走神。作宾语，结合句意表示“烦恼”可知，应填复数名词worries。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：电视、电子游戏和其他电子干扰物阻止了这种精神漫游，因为它们中断了加强积极、富有成效的白日梦基础的思想和记忆的流动。作主语，表示“干扰物”，应用名词distraction，由other修饰，应用复数形式。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：电视、电子游戏和其他电子干扰物阻止了这种精神漫游，因为它们中断了加强积极、富有成效的白日梦基础的思想和记忆的流动。结合语境表示“加强”，应用动词strengthen，定语从句谓语与先行词memories保持一致，谓语用原形。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：对个人而言，走神提供了非常真实的个人回报的可能性，有些是即时的，有些则是遥远的。结合句意表示“遥远的”，应填形容词distant。故选G。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些奖励包括自我意识、记忆巩固、未来规划、模仿他人的视角、评估自我和他人情绪反应的影响、道德推理。作宾语，结合句意表示“视角”，应用名词perspective。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：换句话说，做白日梦只是从外表上看显得懒惰，但从内部或从心理学家（如考夫曼）或神经学家（如玛丽·海伦）的角度来看，一个复杂而又极其多产的神经过程正在发生。结合句意表示“多产的”可知应填形容词productive，作定语。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (1’*15 = 15)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Scientists have already linked low-cost, ____21____ foods to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more ____22____ into how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
What does processed food mean?
The researchers created a system that ____23____ foods into four groups. The system says highly processed foods are made ____24____ of industrialized materials and additives. Sodas, packaged cookies, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can ____25____ healthy, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
What’s wrong with processed foods?
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when ____26____ mostly processed foods. That is compared with when the ____27____ subjects were given less processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be ____28____.
In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. ____29____, a similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death in general.
What is it about processed foods?
When given less processed foods, people in the study ____30____ more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the ____31____ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly.
Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods are usually softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might ____32____. For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel ____33____ than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
What should you eat?
Avoiding processed foods can be hard, ____34____ for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms. In addition, companies continually ____35____ products to make them seem healthier. The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods. But, they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that.
21. A. organic B. delicious C. packaged D. cheap
22. A. inquiries B. insights C. explorations D. reports
23. A. distinguishes B. defines C. classifies D. keeps
24. A. specially B. mostly C. naturally D. technically
25. A. remain B. feel C. become D. appear
26. A. consumed B. forced C. deprived D. fed
27. A. same B. normal C. different D. alternative
28. A. explained B. tracked C. cured D. overlooked
29. A. Meanwhile B. However C. Hence D. Otherwise
30. A. collected B. produced C. absorbed D. relieved
31. A. hunger B. procedure C. reaction D. feedback
32. A. strike a balance B. run a risk C. pose a threat D. make a difference
33. A. ful1 B. content C. starving D. excited
34. A. especially B. generally C. specially D. reasonably
35. A. restructure B. rearrange C. redecorate D. reengineer
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。科学家已经确定，廉价的包装食品与全球不断上升的肥胖率有关。文章介绍了什么是加工食品，加工食品有什么问题，加工食品与什么有关以及人们应该吃什么。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家已经确定，廉价的包装食品与全球不断上升的肥胖率有关。 A. organic有机的；B. delicious美味的；C. packaged包装好的；D. cheap便宜的。根据下文的“rising obesity rates”可知，这种食物与肥胖有关，不可能是“有机的”和“美味的”，空格前low-cost与cheap意思相近，C项“包装好的”符合题意，说明不是新鲜食物。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的三项研究为我们日益工业化的食品供应如何影响我们的健康提供了更多的见解。A. inquiries询问；B. insights见解，洞察力；C. explorations探索；D. reports报告。根据后文“into how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health”指三项研究为我们日益工业化的食品供应如何影响我们的健康提供了更多的见解。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员创建了一个系统，将食物分为四组。A. distinguishes区别；B. defines定义；C. classifies分类；D. keeps保持。根据后文“foods into four groups”指将食物分为四组。故选C。
24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一系统指出，高度加工食品主要由工业材料和添加剂组成。 A. specially特别地；B. mostly大部分地；C. naturally自然地；D. technically技术上。根据空格前后文并结合常识可知，高度加工食品主要由工业材料和添加剂组成。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是也包括诸如早餐麦片、能量棒以及某些类型的酸奶等看起来健康的产品。A. remain仍旧；B. feel感觉；C. become成为；D. appear出现，呈现。根据“such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.”可知，此处说的是高度加工的不健康的食品，因此推断是呈现健康的食品。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，饮食以加工食品为主的参与者每天会多摄入约500卡路里。A. consumed消耗；B. forced迫使；C. deprived剥夺；D. fed喂养、以……为食。根据上文的“people eat about 500 more calories a day”和下文“processed foods”可推断，此处指的是吃加工食品的人每天多摄入500卡热量。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是对同一个参与者食用较少加工食品情况进行比较后得出的结论。A. same同样的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. alternative替代的。研究理应是对同一个人的饮食结构进行对比。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：参与者被带到医疗中心，对他们的健康和行为进行跟踪。A. explained解释；B. tracked跟踪；C. cured治愈；D. overlooked忽视。根据上文“They were taken to a medical center”可知，被带去医疗中心，是对他们的健康和行为进行跟踪观察。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，西班牙的一项类似研究表明，食用加工食品越多，死亡风险就越高。A. Meanwhile同时；B. However然而；C. Hence因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文“In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease.”提到在另一项研究中，法国的研究人员发现，吃更多加工食品的人更容易患心脏病，而与此同时，西班牙的一项类似研究表明，食用加工食品越多，死亡风险就越高。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：食用少量加工食品时，研究参与者会分泌更多控制饥饿的激素，而引发饥饿的激素则会减少。A. collected收集；B. produced生产；产生；C. absorbed吸收；D. relieved缓解。根据下文提到的“more of a hormone”可知，研究参与者分泌更多控制饥饿的激素，produce“产生”符合语境。故选B。
31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一反应的原因还不得而知。A. hunger饥饿；B. procedure程序；C. reaction反应；D. feedback反馈。上文提到“食用少量加工食品时，研究参与者会分泌更多控制饥饿的激素，而引发饥饿的激素则会减少”是参与者的反应。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍尔指出，营养来源可能有所不同。A. strike a balance公平处理；B. run a risk冒险；C. pose a threat构成威胁；D. make a difference有影响；产生不同。根据下文“For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel full than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.(比如，与能量棒和酸奶等包装食品中添加的纤维相比，来自完整水果和蔬菜的纤维可能更容易使人们有饱腹感)”可推断，此处说的是营养来源不同，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，从整个水果和蔬菜中提取的纤维可能比包装食品（如能量棒和酸奶）中添加的纤维更能让人有饱腹感。A. full饱的；B. content满意的；C. starving挨饿的；D. excited激动的。根据上文“fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel”可知，从整个水果和蔬菜中提取的纤维更能让人有饱腹感。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不食用加工食品可能很难做到，对时间和金钱有限的人来说尤其如此。A. especially特别；B. generally普遍地；C. specially专门地；D. reasonably合理地。下文“for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms.”可知，时间和金钱有限的人更难避免食用加工食品。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，公司不断对产品进行改造，使其看起来更健康。A. restructure调整结构；B. rearrange重新整理；C. redecorate重新装饰；D. reengineer重新调整。根据后文“products to make them seem healthier”指对产品进行改造，使其看起来更健康。故选D。
Section B (2’*12= 22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
When I was a puppy, I entertained you and made you laugh. You called me your child, and despite a number of chewed shoes and a couple of murdered pillows, I became your best friend. Whenever I was “bad”, you’d shake your finger at me and ask “How could you?”—but then you rolled me over for a belly (腹部) rub.
I remember those nights of rubbing you in bed and listening to your secret dreams, and I believed that life could not be any more perfect.
Gradually, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and more time searching for a human mate. She, now your wife, is not a “dog person”—still I welcomed her into our home, tried to show her affection, and obeyed her. I was happy because you were happy.
Then the human babies came along and I shared your excitement. I was fascinated by the pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them, too. Only she and you worried that I might hurt them, and I spent most of my time in another room.
There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”.
Now, you have a new career opportunity in another city, and you and they will be moving to another apartment that does not allow pets. You’ve made the right decision for your “family”, but there was a time when I was your only family.
People in the animal shelter are attentive to me, but I lost my appetite. At first whenever anyone passed, I rushed to the front, hoping it was you—that this was all a bad dream or I hoped it would at least be someone who cared, anyone who might save me.
36. How did the dog’s owner treat the puppy when it was at a younger age?
A. He entertained the puppy with jokes and gestures.
B. He treated the puppy as if it were a family member.
C. He disciplined the puppy when it made a mess.
D. He kept the puppy at a distance for the chewed shoes.
37. Why was the puppy excluded from the room after the babies were born?
A. The puppy was tempted by the babies’ pinkness and sweet smell.
B. The puppy poses a serious danger to the health and well-being of babies.
C. The couple were concerned that the babies would be in danger.
D. The master envied the natural affection between the babies and the puppy.
38. What can we infer from the last 3 paragraphs?
A. It was hard for the puppy to accept the fact that it was ignored.
B. The master had a mixed feeling for the advancement in career.
C. The puppy felt relieved for the master’s establishment of a new family.
D. It was urgent for the master to give up the puppy and move to another city.
39. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. A Good Heart to Lean on B. New Member of the Family
C. The Words of an Abandoned Dog D. Animal Shelter: the Last Home for Puppies
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一只忠诚但被遗弃的狗在讲述自己从小到大和主人在一起的点点滴滴的故事，主人对小狗疼爱有加，工作之余陪着小狗一起进行室内训练，带着小狗一起去公园散步，骑车，吃冰激凌,慢慢地主人的工作越来越忙，小狗见证了主人娶妻生子的整个历程，分享主人的幸福和喜悦．如今，主人要去另外一个城市从事新的工作，他们要搬到一个不允许带宠物的公寓里去，小狗表现了对主人依依不舍的感情。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“When I was a puppy, I entertained you and made you laugh. You called me your child, and despite a number of chewed shoes and a couple of murdered pillows, I became your best friend. Whenever I was “bad”, you’d shake your finger at me and ask “How could you?”—but then you rolled me over for a belly (腹部) rub”可知，当我还是一只小狗的时候，我的顽皮滑稽每每惹来你发笑，为你带来欢乐。你把我叫做你的孩子，虽然家里许多鞋子和一些靠枕都被我咬得残缺不全，我依然是你最好的朋友。无论什么时候我干了“坏”事，你总会对我摇摇手指说：“你怎么可以这样呢？”不过最后你都会原谅我，把我扑倒然后搓我的肚皮。所以通过小狗的回忆可以看出，小狗的主人在小狗年幼时把小狗当家人一样对待。故B选项正确。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“Only she and you worried that I might hurt them, and I spent most of my time in another room.”可知，小狗的主人夫妇害怕他弄伤婴儿，所以整天把小狗关在另一间房间里。所以是因为这对夫妇担心孩子会有危险。故C选项正确。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”.”可知，曾几何时，人们问起你家里有没有宠物时，你总是毫不迟疑地从包里掏出我的照片，向他们娓娓道出我的轶事。可是，近几年有人问起同一个问题，你却只是冷冷地回答“是”，随即就转向别的话题。我已经从“你的狗儿”变成只是“一条狗”了。所以通过小狗主人态度的对比，我们能从倒数三段中推断出小狗很难接受自己被忽视的事实。故A选项正确。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，一只忠诚但被遗弃的狗在讲述自己从小到大和主人在一起的点点滴滴的故事，主人对小狗疼爱有加，工作之余陪着小狗一起进行室内训练，带着小狗一起去公园散步，骑车，吃冰激凌，慢慢地主人的工作越来越忙，小狗见证了主人娶妻生子的整个历程，分享主人的幸福和喜悦．如今，主人要得另外一个城市从事新的工作，他们要搬到一个不允许带宠物的公寓里去，小狗表现了对主人依依不舍的感情。所以短文都是围绕着“一只被遗弃的狗说的话”而展开的。故短文的最佳标题为“一只被遗弃的狗说的话”。故C选项正确。
【点睛】通过对事物的对比或者比较是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法，通过对事物的对比，能够判断出事物的不同点，差距等，意在突出对方的优点或者缺点，或者判断出作者的态度，或者反映出一定的事实。
由第三段“There had been a time, when others asked you if you had a dog, that you produced a photo of me from your wallet and told them stories about me. These past few years, you just answered “yes” and changed the subject. I had gone from being “your dog” to “just a dog”.”可知，曾几何时，人们问起你家里有没有宠物时，你总是毫不迟疑地从包里掏出我的照片，向他们娓娓道出我的轶事。可是，近几年有人问起同一个问题，你却只是冷冷地回答“是”，随即就转向别的话题。我已经从“你的狗儿”变成只是“一条狗”了。所以通过小狗主人态度的对比，我们能从倒数三段中推断出小狗很难接受自己被忽视的事实。故小题3的正确选项为A选项。
B
Shanghai has the reputation of having most coffee stores in the world. Various coffee stores can be accessed in Shanghai. Recommendations are offered:
4.6 ¥26/per person
Taste: 4.6 Environment: 4.7 Service: 4.5
Mon ~ Thu 08:00-20.30
Fri-Sun 08:00-21:30

4.4 ¥44/per person
Taste: 4.3 Environment: 4.3 Service: 4.3
Mon ~ Thu 09:00-18:00
Fri ~ Sun 09:00-19:00

Situated alongside Huangpu River with a giant Panda doll sitting on its rooftop, the Xuhui branch store of Manner Coffee has become a WeChat moments-worthy location. Although people will wait a long time before tasting the coffee, the tents on the rooftop and the landscape are worth the effort. Flat white and Panda latte are the most sought-after coffee products.
Take a walk with your eyes open, and you will find a sun porch at the end of a lane off Wukang Road. Bright sunlight is Arabica’s most powerful marketing tool. Visitors keep popping into the coffee shop for its minimalist interior and Spanish latte. Whoever visits this place will be reminded of the saying that good wine needs no bush. “Coffee” is a better substitute here, though.
4.5 ¥57/per person
Taste: 4.5 Environment: 4.2 Service: 4.6
Mon ~ Sun 10:00-18:00
4.4 ¥57/per person
Taste: 4.3 Environment: 4.3 Service: 4.4
Mon ~ Fri 09:00-21:00
Sat ~ Sun 10:00-22:00

The O.P.S. Cafe is an open window on Taiyuan Road, offering only takeaway coffee for customers. The menu, though updated seasonally, displays only five products. When customers get their coffee, they also receive a card bearing its brewing process. Verbal introductions can also be expected from coffeemakers, stirring a warmer feeling in customers’ heart. The winter specials of O.P.S. include Into the Wild and Fantasy of the Deep Forest.
Ralph’s coffee, an expanded business sector of Ralph Lauren, America’s famous clothing brand, is a popular place at Jing’an Kerry Center. It’s the third branch store opened following Hong Kong and Beijing. The coffee shop sports its Himalayan salt caramel latte. Apart from its coffee and cake, the brand’s associated products such as fluffy bear dolls, plates, hats are on sale as well. Many people are deeply attracted by its unique interior.

40. In which section of the newspaper will you probably find the above article?
A. Critic’s Corner. B. The Debate. C. Urban Life. D. Home News.
41. On Friday Jenny’s night shift ends at 9:15 p.m. If she wants to have a cup of coffee, she should go to .
A. B. C.
42. In which coffee shop can customers taste the good coffee while enjoying the superior interior?
A. B. C.
【答案】40. C 41. A 42. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐在上海值得一去的一些咖啡店信息。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章开头“Shanghai has the reputation of having most coffee stores in the world. Various coffee stores can be accessed in Shanghai. Recommendations are offered(上海以在世界上拥有大多数咖啡店而闻名。在上海上可以进入各种咖啡店。建议如下)”可知这篇文章推荐在上海可以进入的一些咖啡店信息，由此可推断这篇文章最有可能来自报纸的都市生活部分，故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Manner Coffee中的“Mon ~ Thu 08:00-20.30Fri-Sun 08:00-21:30(周一 ~ 周四 08:00-20.30周五~周日 08:00-21:30)”可知，周五，上夜班的珍妮下班后可以去这家咖啡店喝咖啡，其他店时间都不符合，故选A。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据Ralph’s coffee中的“Many people are deeply attracted by its unique interior.(许多人被它独特的内部深深吸引)”可知，在这家咖啡店，顾客可以在品尝好咖啡的同时享受优越的内饰，故选C。
C
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn’t land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference?
Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter.
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration -- or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech, and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London.
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them.
According to McGettigan, that’s a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, it’s good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if they’re not,” she said. “Because you don’t want to be fooled.”
43. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study?
A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter.
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don’t want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
44. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_______.
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer than a fake one
45. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant?
A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak.
D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.
46. What has Carolyn McGettigan’s 2014 study proven?
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh.
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other’s emotions.
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person’s mental state.
D. We can sense other’s emotional state when they laugh.
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们都有一种假笑的倾向，尤其是当我们生活中的权威人物试图说一个无法成功的笑话时。事实证明，即使你认为你的强迫笑听起来很真实，人们通常很擅长区分真笑和假笑。一项针对真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异的研究发现，区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是声音之间的呼吸次数。文章中两位研究人员对此进行了一些说明。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.”可知加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异，他们发现一些与真笑相关的声音“真的很难假装”。由此可知，加州大学的研究人员想在这项研究中发现了假笑和真笑的区别。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration —or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it.可知区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是持续时间，或者更具体地说，是声音之间的呼吸次数。假笑比真笑需要更多的努力和注意力，所以人们在假装笑的时候，往往会在“哈哈大笑”的间隙停顿更多。由此可知，你的假笑比你想象的更引人注目，这主要是因为当你试图假笑时，你会做更多的呼吸。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech,and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”可知“其结果是，笑声中有一些微妙的特征听起来像在说话，而且……人们在不知不觉中对它们相当敏感。”由此可推知，根据Greg Bryant 的说法，B选项“人们可能会在不知道原因的情况下注意到假笑声”正确。故选B。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.可知她说：“在我们的研究中，当参与者听到别人发出的笑声时，他们会激活大脑中与精神化相关的区域，试图理解对方的情绪和精神状态。”由此可知，Carolyn McGettigan 2014年的研究证明了当别人笑的时候，我们可以感觉到他们的情绪状态。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size.
___47___ However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.
So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. ___48___ For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back.
But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness.
Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. ___49___
So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time.
___50___ Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.
A. It is unlike anything you would buy for yourself.
B. However, shoppers should remember this is a privilege, not a right.
C. Unfortunately, the law does not explain what it meant by “reasonable”.
D. All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home.
E. Either the thing has to be broken or unsuitable for the job it was intended to do.
F. You should make clear what your legal position is before returning goods to the shop.
【答案】47. D 48. E 49. B 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述当你收到一份无用或尺寸不对的礼物时怎样去退换货以及退换货的一些要求。
【47题详解】
根据上文“It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size.(当你收到一份无用或尺寸不对的礼物时，往往很难表现出高兴的样子)”及下文“However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.( 然而，你没有权利仅仅因为它不适合或不符合你的喜好而更换购买的物品。更糟糕的是，买卖协议是在买家和商店之间达成的)”可知，设空处应说的是发现礼物不合适可以去更换。由此可知，选项D“你所能做的就是等你的朋友或亲戚回家后再换。”符合题意。故选D。
【48题详解】
根据上文“But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it.(但更换并不总是那么简单，因为它必须有一个很好的理由)”可知，下文应该介绍更换的理由。由此可知，选项E“要么是这个东西坏了，要么是它不适合它本来要做的工作。”都符合更换的理由，和上文连接紧密，故选E。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods.(许多大商店对退货的态度要宽容得多，他们认为毫无疑问地换货是一种善意的表示。包括玛莎百货(Marks & Spencer)在内的商店以其对退货的“无异议”政策而闻名)”可知，这是一些商店给消费者的一种特权。由此可知，选项B“然而，购物者应该记住这是一种特权，而不是一种权利。”符合语境，故选B。
【50题详解】
根据下文“Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.(一些商店和商店期望在购买后一周内退货，而另一些商店可能允许更长的时间限制。无论如何，如果你在被认为是“合理”的时间后归还了一件东西，那么你在法律上有权得到的只是修理费)”可知，本段主要讲述商家所给的退货的合理时间限制。由此可知，选项C“不幸的是，法律没有解释‘合理’是什么意思。”符合题意，故选C。
IV. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5= 15)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
51. 这部畅销小说是由历史事件改编而来的。(adapt)(汉译英)
【答案】This most popular novel is adapted from historical events.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态，主谓一致，形容词，动词和名词。这部畅销小说为主语，表达为“this most popular novel”，谓语改编，应用短语adapt from，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是单数，谓语也要用单数，宾语是历史事件，表达为“historical events”，故翻译为This most popular novel is adapted from historical events.。
52. 由于种种原因，这位有雄心壮志的大学毕业生最终决定定居在这个小城市。(settle) (汉译英)
【答案】For a variety of reasons, the ambitious college graduate eventually decided to settle in the small city.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，名词，动词，形容词和副词。由于种种原因可用介词短语，译为“for a variety of reasons”，这位有雄心壮志的大学毕业生，译为“ the ambitious college graduate ”作主语，决定做某事，译为“decide to”作谓语，定居在这个小城市译为“settle in the small city”，结合语境可知为描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为For a variety of reasons, the ambitious college graduate eventually decided to settle in the small city.。
53. 这家泰国餐厅的菜肴以这种独一无二的原料为特色，每到晚上总是门庭若市。(feature) (汉译英)
【答案】The Thai restaurant, whose dishes feature this unique ingredient, is always crowded every evening.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、动词、时态和定语从句。此处主语为the Thai restaurant，后跟whose引导的非限制性定语从句，表示“菜肴以这种独一无二的原料为特色”翻译为dishes feature this unique ingredient，其中及物动词feature（以……为特色）后直接接名词作宾语 ；表示“每到晚上总是门庭若市”翻译为be always crowded every evening，其中形容词crowded（拥挤的）作表语；句子用一般现在时。故翻译为The Thai restaurant, whose dishes feature this unique ingredient, is always crowded every evening.
54. 每当他考试失利时，面对父母，他总是习惯于为自己辩解而不是去尝试搞清楚根本原因。(Each time) (汉译英)
【答案】Each time he fails in the exam, he is always used to excusing himself to his parents instead of trying to find out the root cause.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。表示“每当”应用each time引导时间状语从句，表示“考试失利”翻译为fail in the exam；主句主语为he，表示“总是习惯于”短语为be always used to doing sth.；表示“为自己辩解”短语为excuse oneself to sb.；表示“而不是去尝试搞清楚根本原因”翻译为instead of trying to find out the root cause。句子用一般现在时。故翻译为Each time he fails in the exam, he is always used to excusing himself to his parents instead of trying to find out the root cause.