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2023届高考英语二轮复习动词的时态、语态课件
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这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习动词的时态、语态课件,共48页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精析,疑难突破,announced,fell,had lain,would have,be found,was told,makes,develops等内容,欢迎下载使用。
1.一般体(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always,usually,ften,smetimes,every day等。I usually d my hmewrk in the evening every day. 我通常每天晚上做作业。
考点1 动词的时态
②少数表示位置移动的动词,如cme,g,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,pen,clse,end,stp,depart等,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。My flight takes ff at 5:00 am.我的航班早上五点起飞。③在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They’ll stand by yu even if yu dn’t succeed. 即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,just nw, the ther day,tw weeks ag等时间状语连用。He arrived at schl at 9∶00 am yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。②根据上下文或主从句提示。I didn’t pass the exam,which made my parents very angry.我没有通过考试,这让我父母很生气。
2.进行体(1)现在进行时①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有:nw, right nw, at present, at this mment, these days等。I dn’t really wrk here; I am just helping ut until the new secretary arrives.我真的不在这里工作,只是在帮忙,直到新秘书来。
②某些表示位置移动的动词,如g,cme,leave,arrive,start,mve等,可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。She is leaving fr Beijing tmrrw.她明天将动身去北京。③与always, ften, frever, cnstantly, cntinually等连用时,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩,而非强调动作正在进行。He is always helping thers.他总是帮助其他人。
(2)过去进行时①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天一整天他都在准备他的讲座。②表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan, cme, g, leave, arrive, start, mve, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。He said (that) she was arriving the next day. 他说她第二天会到达。
(3)将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at 8:00 am tmrrw, in the next tw mnths等时间状语连用。I’ll be ding sme husewrk tmrrw afternn. 明天下午我将要干些家务活。
(4)现在完成进行时①表示开始于过去某个时间,一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成,也可能继续进行下去。常与these days,recently,lately,in the past/last few+时间段; since+时间点; fr+时间段等连用。All these years they have been cntributing articles t ur magazine.这些年来,他们一直为我们杂志写稿。②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。We have been seeing each ther quite a lt recently. 最近我们常常见面。
3.将来体(1)一般将来时①“will/shall+动词原形”表示现在看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。It is said that he will retire next mnth.据说他将于下月卸任。②“be ging t+动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事;表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,推测某事即将发生。Lk at the clud. It’s ging t rain.瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。
③“be abut t+动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用,但可以与when连用。The English Evening is abut t start.英语晚会即将开始。④“be t+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。Yu are t hand in yur papers by 10 ’clck. 你要10点前交上论文。
(2)过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。She was sure she wuld succeed.她确信她会成功。
4.完成体(1)现在完成时①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时刚刚完成的动作。常与recently, lately, up t/till nw, s far, in the past/last few mnths/years...等连用。—I’m srry,but I dn’t quite fllw yu.Did yu say yu wanted t return n September 20?—Srry,I haven’t made myself clear.We want t return n Octber 20.——对不起,我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗?——对不起,我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。
②表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“fr...”“since...”表述的时间状语连用。They have wrked here since they left cllege. 自从大学毕业他们就在这儿工作了。
(2)过去完成时①表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态,即“从过去到过去”。When Jack arrived, Mary had been away fr almst an hur.当杰克到达时,玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。②在“”“n ”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,且常用部分倒装,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。We had n sner been seated than the bus started. 我们刚落座,公共汽车就开动了。
③在by, by the end f, by the time, until, befre等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。By the end f last year, we had prduced 20,000 cars.到去年年底,我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。④表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hped/planned/meant/intended/thught/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式表示,即“hped/planned...+t have dne”。I had planned t send him a Christmas card, but I frgt t d s. 我本来打算寄给他一张圣诞卡片的,但我忘了寄了。
1.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,强调的是结果。(2)一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,the ther day,just nw等;而现在完成时通常与不确定的时间状语连用,如s far,up t nw,lately等或无时间状语。When I was at cllege I spke three freign languages but I have frgtten all except a few wrds f each.我上大学时会说三种外语,但现在几乎全忘了,每种语言只记得几个单词。
2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
3.一般过去时与过去完成时的比较(1)针对时间不同:一般过去时是针对现在而言的,过去完成时则是针对过去某一时刻而言的。(2)时间状语不同:过去完成时的时间状语常是by或befre构成的短语,如by that time,befre 2,000,“by the time+句子”等。一般过去时的时间状语有tw years ag,the day befre yesterday等。Jhn and I have been friends fr eight years.We first gt t knw each ther at a party.But we had seen each ther a cuple f times befre that.约翰和我已经是8年的朋友了。我们第一次相识是在一次聚会上。但那之前我们见过几次面。
1.(2022·吉林长春二模)A cuple f days ag, he ____________ (annunce) that he wanted t be remved frm next year’s Michelin Guide, saying that he wanted t give a new meaning t his life.2.(2022·河南焦作四模)Als, the general number f sea animals ____________ (decrease) by abut half since 1970.3.(2022·四川攀枝花二模)Take, fr example, the unnamed cmmuter, wh in June 2018 ____________ (fall) ff a statin platfrm nt an electric railway track in Trnt, Canada.
has decreased
4.(2022·安徽淮南一模)The Terractta Army figures’ excavatin (发掘) is regarded as ne f the greatest discveries f the 20th century. They ____________ (lie) undergrund fr mre than 2,000 years befre farmers digging a well in 1974 uncvered what is nw cnsidered ne f the greatest archaelgical sites in the wrld.5.(2022·福建厦门外国语期末)Sailing ships when setting sail ____________ (have) a sealed bx cntaining mney n bard fr gd luck. If the vyage succeeds, the bx was given t a priest, pened at Christmas and the cntents then given t the pr.
1.各种时态中被动语态的构成
考点2 动词的语态
2.被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者Attentin,please! A meeting will be held in the ffice at 8:00 a. m. tmrrw.Everyne is expected t attend n time.请注意!明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。(2)强调或突出动作的承受者The wman was taken t hspital. 那位女士被送进了医院。(3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。The idea was supprted by thse wh wished t make much mney.想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
【名师指津】①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时,切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been dne away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。②含情态动词的被动语态形式是:情态动词+be+过去分词He must be prevented frm ging. 必须阻止他去。The plan ught t be put int practice as sn as pssible.这项计划应该尽早执行。
③“get+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。The patient gt treated nce a week.那位病人一周治疗一次。He fell ff the car and gt killed.他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了。
主动形式表示被动意义的4种情况
1.(2022·江西五市八校模拟)Cnstructin f the bridge started in 2019. Its ttal cst will cme t sme 10 billin RMB. It ____________(expect) t be cmpleted by the end f this year.2.(2022·安徽宣城二模)Owing t the vast areas and large ppulatin f China, diverse dialects can ____________ (find) in this great land, such as the Wu dialect in Shanghai, Hakka and Cantnese.
is expected
3.(2022·四川绵阳三诊)I ____________ (tell) that the 92-year-ld mum f a friend had a tin f tmat sup snatched frm her hand at a supermarket in Ryde earlier this week.4.(2022·安徽蚌埠三模)T help slve difficulties facing thse senirs, the Beijing city gvernment will carry ut 52 specific measures this year. An additinal 37 measures _____________ (take) in 2022.5.(2022·安徽池州一模)Since then, this kind f clthing ____________________(regard) as Chinese Tang suit and has enjyed a great ppularity in China and abrad.
will be taken
has been regarded
1.语法一致原则(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Listening t music makes me relaxed after a busy day.忙碌一天之后,听音乐使我感到很放松。
考点3 主谓一致3原则
【名师指津】 what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。What he says and des des nt cncern me. 他的言行与我无关。What he says and des d nt agree. 他的言行不一致。(2)主语后跟with, tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than等连接的短语时,谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和学生们都非常激动。
【名师指津】①and, 连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。The singer and dancer is t attend ur evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。②定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。My friend shwed me arund the twn,which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇,这个小镇非常迷人。
③“many a/mre than ne+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each, every, n所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。Many a parent has had t g thrugh this same painful prcess.很多父母亲不得不经历同样的痛苦过程。Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held n Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
(3)“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.患病的人被治愈,同时失踪的人也被找到了。(4)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词通常用单数形式。Tw thusand miles is a lng distance.两千英里是一段很长的距离。
2.意义一致原则(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family, class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience等。The whle class were tld t stay behind after schl. 全班的学生被告知放学后留下。
(2)“分数/百分数/the majrity+f+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, sme, half, mst, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Abut ne third f the bks were written by him. 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
3.就近一致原则(1)由r, ,,nt als...,等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。Either yu r ne f yur classmates is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw. 你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs, a desk and a cmputer in the rm.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
1.(2022·安徽安庆二模)The team als said the new mdel prcesses abut 10 billin times as fast as the 53-qubit quantum cmputer develped by Ggle and that the breakthrugh ____________ (be) the result f 20 years f effrt, which has vercme several majr technlgical blcks.2.(2022·安徽池州一模)Adding the western cutting methd as well as shulder pads(肩垫) ____________(make) the clthes fit better.
3.(2022·广东汕头一模)Within the sleeper carriage, with little else t d, peple talk r play cards, and sn a small cmmunity ____________ (develp) amng the passengers.4.(2022·河北保定一模)China’s Chang’e 5 missin successfully delivered samples (样本) f mn rck and dust t Earth n December 17, 2020. It ____________ (mark) the first time in ver 40 years that mn rcks have been brught back t ur planet, since the Sviet Unin’s Luna 24 missin in 1976.
5.(2022·唐山二模)In time when ur interactins with thers and the large amunt f infrmatin we take in ____________ (be)all t transient (转瞬即逝的), perhaps it is wrth making bit mre time fr reading ut lud.
准确判断动词的时态和语态的4个根据
1.根据时间状语确定动词时态。(1)看到always,ften,seldm,smetimes,usually等要想到用一般现在时;(2)看到yesterday,last night,a few days ag,the ther day等要想到用一般过去时;(3)看到tmrrw,next year等要想到用一般将来时;(4)看到nw,at present等要想到用现在进行时;
(5)看到at that time,then,at six ’clck yesterday等要想到用过去进行时;(6)看到this time tmrrw,frm 1 ’clck t 3 ’clck tmrrw等要想到用将来进行时;(7)看到since,s far,up t nw,in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时;(8)看到by/until/befre/by the end f+“表示过去的某一时间”,要想到用过去完成时。
【典例】 In the last few years,China ________(make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
解析 题干中的时间状语是“In the last few years”,表示动作“从过去一直到现在”,故所填词应用现在完成时。
答案 has made
2.根据上下文语境,挖掘其隐含信息,弄清时间的先后顺序,确定动作是发生在过去、现在还是将来。【典例】 When he realized he ________(walk) int a deep valley,he was t frightened t knw what t d.
解析 句意:当他意识到自己走进了深谷之后,他非常害怕以至于不知道做什么。由语境可知,walk int a deep valley的动作先于realize的动作发生,故用过去完成时。
答案 had walked
3.根据主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态。被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外,还有特殊用法,如主动形式表被动意义。除此之外,还要考虑主谓一致问题。【典例】 Later,Nelsn ________(award) the Presidential Medal f Freedm in recgnitin f his wrk.
解析 句意:后来纳尔逊被授予总统自由勋章,以表彰他的工作。句中的时间状语Later表明这里叙述的是过去的动作,应用一般过去时;Nelsn与award为动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语为Nelsn,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填was awarded。
答案 was awarded
4.根据固定句式确定动词的时态。英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定,如果题干中出现这类句式,考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。(1)It is the that sb have/has dne...(2)It was the that sb had dne...(3)Sb was ding sth (4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb dne sth (5)Sb was abut t d sth
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