备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 06 形容词和副词

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 一、考点总结考点一、形容词的分类分类说明性质形容词用于表示人或物所具有的性质。在英语中，大量的形容词属于这一类别，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的类别形容词用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。这一类形容词往往没有程度大小的区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的颜色形容词用于表示事物颜色的形容词。这一类形容词没有比较级和最高级。blue蓝色的，green绿色的，white白色的叙述形容词这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的分词形容词英语中有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。worried担优的，worrying令人担忧的，exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的复合形容词指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的考点二、形容词的句法功能成分说明例句作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷、有风的天气。作表语放在系动词的后面He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。做补足语作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。作状语主要表示原因、伴随或方式Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。【知识拓展】1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热的东西吗？There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。2. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high. 去年，我们盖了一栋十三层高的楼。3. 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词(冠词、数词、代词等)→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。【巧记顺口溜】限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。a Chinese writing desk 一张中式写字桌her charming small round pink face 她迷人的小而圆的粉红脸蛋those beautiful little old Chinese earthen vases 那些漂亮小巧的中国古代花瓶考点三、副词的基本用法副词的句法作用（1）副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.He plays the piano very well .（2）副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.He got up quickly（3）enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后.He is old enough to go to school .副词的位置（1）程度副词和频度副词修饰动词时，一般放在被修饰的动词之前。如果实义动词前有情态动词、助动词或be动词，则放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后；修饰形容词、副词时，位于被修饰词之前。They seldom take exercise in the morning..他们很少在早晨锻炼。However, they can hardly blame me；it is largely their own fault.然而，他们不能责备我;这件事主要是他们自己的过错。（2）方式副词一般放在动词后。常见的方式副词有:fast快地   quickly快地    quietly安静地    beautifully美丽地    slowly'慢地   well很好地;令人满意地carefully仔细地    angrily生气地Please could you speak more slowly? 请您说慢一不好?（3）时间副词和地点副词同时出现时，时间副词常置于地点副词之后。 I met Tom here yesterday.   我昨天在这儿遇到了汤姆。（4）enough既可以作限定词又可以作副词；作限定词时，通常置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于其后；作副词时，通常置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。I just don't have enough time/time enough.    我只是时间不够充足。The room is large enough to take another bed.   这个房间够大，还能再放一张床。形近副词的含义英语中,有些副词形式相近,常见的有:late迟;晚           lately最近;近来               hard努力地;艰难地          hardly几乎不near在附近         nearly几乎;差不多            free免费地                 freely自由地;畅通地close紧密地        closely 严密地;接近地         high在高处;高              highly很；非常;高度地wide广阔地;充分地  widely广泛地;普遍地          deep深深地;在深处         deeply深刻地;深沉地I couldn't convince him no matter how hard I tried     不管我怎么努力，都说服不了他The children were so excited that they could hardly speak   孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。常用的连接性副词在句中，常用逗号将连接性副词与句子其他成分隔开。though 一般用于句末,意为“然而,可是”，表示转折。besides意为“除此之外，而且”，表示递进关系。however意为“然而”，表示让步、转折。instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。考点四、 形容词，副词的比较级、最高级   规则变化分类情况变化规则例词一般情况直接在词尾加 ­er, ­esttall—taller—tallest; small—smaller—smallest以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接在词尾加 ­r, ­stnice—nicer—nicest; large—larger—largest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词变y为i再加­er ，­estdry—drier—driest; early—earlier—earliest以“元音字母＋辅音字母” 结尾， 且辅音为重读闭音节词双写辅音字母，再加­er，­estthin—thinner—thinnest；big—bigger—biggest大多数多音节和部分双音节词在词前加 more，mostdelicious—more delicious—most delicious 2.不规则变化原       级比 较 级最 高 级good(好的)/well(健康的；好地)betterbestbad/badly(坏的/地)/ill(生病的)worseworstlittle(少的；小的)lessleastmuch/many(多的)moremostfar(远的；到很大程度)fartherfarthestfurtherfurthestold(老的、年纪大的；旧的)olderoldesteldereldest 4.形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：（1）讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +….如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +….如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) +  as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+….如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)（2）讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)（3）讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ….如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)二、考点突破1．I’m pretty good at playing soccer. Actually, I’m probably _______ in the soccer team.A．good B．better C．worse D．the best2．—How was your recent trip to Suzhou?—Well, I’ve never had ________ one before!A．a pleasant B．a more pleasant C．a most pleasant D．the most pleasant3．—What are the young Hong Kong people doing there?—They are celebrating the National Youth Day to get an even ________ understanding of our country’s history.A．deep B．deepest C．the deepest D．deeper4．How ________ the song you are listening to sounds! I have never ________ a better one before.A．beautifully; sounded  B．beautiful; sounded  C．nicely; heard D．nice; heard5．The ________ Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway for the 2022 Winter Olympics was open to the public this year.A．174 kilometer long B．174 kilometers long C．174-kilometer-long D．174-kilometers-long6．Huai’an Marathon took place on April 18 and CCTV-5 covered it ________. People all over the world watched it.A．alive B．living C．lively D．live7．—Have you seen my cap, Mum? —No, I think you may leave it __________ in the library.A．somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere8．— Jim, you look worried. What happened?— I ________ forgot to do homework. I’m afraid Mr. Lee will get angry with me.A．exactly B．normally C．completely D．wisely9．Many people are dying because they didn’t get to hospital ________.A．quick enough B．enough quickC．quickly enough D．enough quickly10．The child looked at me ________.A．stranger B．strangely C．strange D．strangeness11．— Are your parents ________ you?— Sometimes. We aren’t allowed to stay out for a long time after school.A．pleased with B．crazy about C．strict with D．proud of12．Zhang Guimei, the headmaster of Huaping Senior High School for Girls in Lijiang, is in the public eye for helping girls go to college for more than 40 years.A．is surprised to B．is able toC．is good for D．is known for13．Cliff Walkers,          by Zhang Yimou, has attracted many people during the May Day and it is well worth  .A．direct; watch B．directed; watched C．is directed; watching   D．directed; watching14．He is a man with ________ experience and we can learn ________ from him.A．a great deal of; a lot B．a great deal; a lot of C．a great number of ; a lot D．a great deal; lot of15．— He is a really friendly person to make friends with.— Of course. He says life wouldn’t ________ without friendship.A．worth continuing B．be worth continuing C．be worth to be continued D．worth to continue16．Many people are not attracted to this subject, but I want to know more about it.A．have no interest in B．are not addicted to C．are not busy with17．— I am sorry I didn’t do a good job.— Never mind. ________ you have tried your best.A．Above all B．In all C．At all D．After all18．The boy said he wouldn’t eat ________.A．any longer B．no longer C．any more D．no more19．My aunt will come back from Beijing________.A．before long B．long before C．after long D．long after20．—Excuse me, does Mr White live here?