备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 12 非谓语动词

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 一、考点总结考点一、非谓语动词的形式                                            构成：to + 动词原形                             动词不定式                                            作用：作除谓语外的任何成分                                      构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式           分词                                      作用：表、定、状、补                                        构成：v.-ing                              动名词                                        作用：主、宾、表、定考点二、 动词不定式的用法句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember,    forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me  a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法    ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。   ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考点三、动名词动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。动名词的特殊用法      即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考点四、现在分词现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。I saw the boy playing in the street just now .现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?现在分词表伴随情况He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.考点五、过去分词过去分词作宾补  have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事I had my TV repaired last night .过去分词作定语单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?=Have you ever read any books that were written by Luxun? 过去分词作表语   过去分词作表语已经形容词化My cup is broken .二、考点突破1．Newspaper says that so far COVID-19 has caused over 500,000 people ________ in the USA．A．die B．to die C．dying D．died2．The children were happy to see fresh fruit ________ with ice cream.A．to serve B．served C．serve D．serving3．It ________ me about 10 days ________ painting the walls.A．took, to finish B．spent, finishing C．took, finishing4．It’s better to teach a man fishing than ________ him fish.A．to give B．giving C．to find D．finding5．—Could you tell me ________ my English?—By listening and speaking more.A．what to improve B．where to improve C．how to improve6．—What should we pay attention to ________ mistakes during the exams?—Some details.A．avoiding making B．avoid to make C．to avoid making D．to avoid to make7．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had getting the two tickets. —But the match is really worth ________.A．watch B．watching C．being watched D．to be watched8．Dr. Ma’s speech is ________ worth ________. We can learn a lot from it.A．very; to listen to B．very; listening to C．well; being listened to D．well; listening to9．— Why doesn’t the surgeon stop ________ lunch?— Because he is too busy saving a dying patient in the operation room.A．having B．have C．to have D．haved10．—I haven’t got a partner ________. —Maybe you can ask John for help.A．work with B．to work C．working with D．to work with11．Tim couldn’t speak French at all. When he was in Paris, he couldn’t make himself ______.A．understand B．understanding C．understood12．—Which way do you stick to ________ the writing ability?   —Keeping a diary and doing more reading.A．improving B．improved C．to improve13．The film The Battle at Lake Changjin ________ by Kaige Chen, Hark Tsuie and Dante Lam is worth seeing.A．is directed B．directed C．directing D．to direct14．During our holidays we should avoid _________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.A．stay B．to stay C．staying15．The travel guide enables tourists ________ their trips in Shanghai.A．enjoy B．enjoying C．to enjoy D．enjoyed16．Since you’ve made a decision ________ abroad, you have to depend on yourself.A．study B．to study C．studied D．studying17．— He was made ________ for the lost book borrowed from the library. — The book named the Secret Garden? This is one of the best books ________ I have ever read.A．pay; that B．to pay; that C．to pay; / D．paid; that18．—You must remember what you should pay attention to ______ making mistakes because of cultural differences.—Thank you for reminding me of that.A．avoiding B．to avoid C．avoid19．—Which dress do you like best, Madam?—Sorry, I can’t decide ________ now.A．to buy which on B．buy which one C．which one to buy D．which should I buy it20．The disease was spreading fast then. We had no choice but ________ the meeting.