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中考复习人教版 被动语态 课件3
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这是一份中考复习人教版 被动语态 课件3，共38页。PPT课件主要包含了被动语态的结构，by Amy，表格被动态基本结构，被动语态的用法，被动语态的几种类型，Homework等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态)
英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态
A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。 (把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。)被动语态的谓语构成: 助动词be＋动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be有am, is, are,was, were, been 几个形式变化。)
助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：The desk is made f wd. The desks are made f wd.He is asked a questin by the teacher.
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构
1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：
by many students.
主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.Many students study English.
2.They make shes in that factry.
in that factry.
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。
3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（① by短语可以省。② by短语 后跟代词的宾格。）
by the teacher.
3.The teacher ften asks him questins.
1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
They make shes in that factry.
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数.
3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的时态 ----即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语/ 宾语.
宾变主,主放后,前加by动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp
They play ftball n Sunday.Lucy des the hmewrk in the evening.They ften use cmputers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.
Ftball is played by them n Sunday.
The hmewrk is dne by Lucy in the evening.
Cmputers are ften used by them in class.
These machines are made in Beijing.
肯定句：主语＋be + 过去分词＋(by ~)否定句：主语＋be nt ＋过去分词＋(by ~)一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋(by ~)? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋ (by ~)
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
is nt studied
1. They bught ten cmputers last term．
by them last term.
2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：
was/were +过去分词
2.We planted many trees last year.
were planted
Ten cmputers
They built the tall building last year.He tk gd care f his little brther yesterday.We cleaned ur classrm just nw.They used this rm fr resting.
The tall building was built by them last year.
His little brther was taken gd care f by him yesterday.
Our classrm was cleaned by us just nw.
This rm was used fr resting by them.
3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：
will be+过去分词
1.They will finish the wrk in ten days.
by them in ten days.
will be finished
2.Tm will clean the rm tmrrw.
will be cleaned
We will have a sprts meeting next week.Children will take sme phts in the schlyard tmrrw.The headmaster will give a talk this afternn.
A sprts meeting will be had by us next week.
Sme phts will be taken by children in the schl tmrrw.
A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternn.
4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：
can/may/must/shuld + be+过去分词
1.Amy can take gd care f Gina ．
can be taken gd care f
2.Yu shuld drink mre water.
shuld be drunk
1.He can take care f the may draw the must turn ff the shuld learn English well.
The baby can be taken care f by him.
The picture may be drawn by Lucy.
The lights must be turned ff by yu.
English shuld be learned well by them.
5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构
is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
1.Sme wrkers are painting the rms nw．
by sme wrkers nw.
are being painted
2.He is watching TV.
is being watched
6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构
have / has ＋been ＋过去分词
1.We have made twenty mre keys．
Twenty mre keys
have been made
2.We have finished ur cmpsitins.
Our cmpsitins
have been finished
am/is/are dne
was/were dne
am/is/are being dne
was/were being dne
shall/will/be ging t be dne
wuld be dne
have/has been dne
had been dne
Such bks are written fr children. 这些书是为儿童写的。I haven’t been tld abut it . 没有人告诉我这件事
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.
It’s / was said / believed / reprted / + that …It’s reprted that abut three hundred peple were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。
（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。
The cup was brken by David.
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.
如：1.He gave me a bk. －I was given a bk by him. （以I做主语） －A bk was given t me by Tm. （以物bk作主语） 2.He teaches us English. －We are taught English by him. （以人当主语） －English is taught t us by him. （以物作主语）
1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾语叫间接宾语）
常见的接双宾语的动词有: t: pass, give, teach, shw, bring, hand fr: make, buy, draw, sing, get,
以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加t或fr.
keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。 We keep fd fresh in the fridge. 主 谓 宾 宾补 －Fd is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him g int the ffice building. －He was seen t g int the ffice building.
2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.
They take gd care f my child. My child is taken gd care f .I turned ff the radi. The radi was turned ff (by me)
3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加－by be cvered with …用…覆盖着 be interested in …对…感兴趣 be surprised at …对…感到惊奇 be made f （frm）用…制造的
动词短语的被动语态 take care f －be taken care f cut dwn －be cut dwn laugh at －be laughed at lk after－be lked after
即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , lk , watch , see , ntice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加t，但变被动句时必须加t.
1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.
t play basketball last Sunday.
2.We heard them sing in the classrm.
t sing in the classrm.
4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。 We ften help each ther. 我们常常互相帮助。 （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belng t …） 如： I like these flwers. 我喜欢这些花。 I will have a meeting. 不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held .
5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况
把下列句子变成被动语态:A car kncked him dwn yesterday.2）Tw dctrs and ten nurses make up the medical team．3）When I gt there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．
A fallen tree was being cut up, when I gt there.
He was kncked dwn by a car yesterday．
The medical team is made up f by tw…．
4)We’ll put n the play next Sunday．5)Wrkers are building a new teaching building in ur schl．6)They had cmpleted the railway by the end f last year．
The play will be put n next Sunday．
A new teaching building is being built by wrkers in ur schl．
The railway had been cmpleted by the end f last year．
填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They ften clean their classrm after schl . （改为被动语态） Their classrm _____ ften ______ by them after schl. 2. Li Lei gave Tm a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tm last week .
was given by
3. A lt f peple in China can speak English nw . （同上） English ______ ____ ______ by a lt f peple in China nw. 4. I have learned English fr abut tw years. （同上） English ______ ______ ______ fr abut tw years. 5. They will publish these stry-bks next mnth. （同上） These stry-bks _____ _____ _____ next mnth.
can be spken
has been learned
will be published
1. In sme cuntries , tea ______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _____ in my hmetwn since 1980. A. have been taken place B. tk place C. have taken place D. were taken place
3. The new type f car is ging t ______ in three years. A. turn ut B. be turned ut C. has turned ut D. have been turned ut4. The wman murdered her friend and ______ t ______. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die
被动语态专项练习：选择填空
5. －D yu like the skirt ? －It _______ sft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. Are yu still here ? Yu were here an hur ag . Wh ________ fr ? A. are yu waiting B. did yu wait C. were yu waiting D. d yu wait
7. _____ t knw Prfessr Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. －I want t sit at the table near the windw. －Srry , ______ already. A. it tk B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken
9. The letter _______ three days ag and it_____ yesterday. A. had pst , had arrived B. was psted , arrived C. psted , arrived D. had been psted , was arrived10. He tld me that the final examinatin _______ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. wuld have given D. wuld be given
11. Water ______ int ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. shuld change D. can be changed 12. Plays ______ twice a mnth in that theatre. A. put n B. are put n C. was put n D. ften put n
13. The birds _______ fly away last Saturday. A. let t B. is let t C. was let D. were let t 14. A strange sund ______ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates. A. sent t B. will sent t C. was sent t D. will be sent fr
16. Miss Chen ______ just ______ t speak at the meeting. A. has …been asked B. has been …asked C. Have been … asked D. have …been asked17. Meat _______ ut in this shp . We can ____ nw. A. have been sld , get nthing B. has been sld , get nthing C. has been sld , get sme D. have been sld , get sme
18. The new play _______ in theatre nw . Why dn’t yu g in and see it ? A. is being shwn B. is shwing C. is shwn D. shws19. Can yu tell _______ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened
20. ______ the jb ______ by Lucy r by Jhn ? Tell me the truth , please. A. Has … finished B. Has …being finished C. Is …finish D. Has …been finished
1.Our schl _____ ＿＿＿＿in 2002.(开办)2.The yung trees must____ ____ ______ well. (照顾)3. _____ this building_________(建成)last year?4.The bk _____ _______(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _______ _______(不建造) 29th Olympic Games will____ ______ (举行) in UK in 2012.
was pened
be lked after
was written
wasn’t built
用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空 1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ （send）up int space ? 2. Last year vegetables _______ (grw）in the garden by Tm and he ______ (sell）them himself. 3. She ______ （help）him with his hmewrk tmrrw evening. 4. Hw many magazines ______（ can brrw）in yur library every week ?
5. Jhn ______（hear）t g upstairs tw hurs ag. 6. －Wh ______ （save）her father ? －He ______ （save）by that pliceman.
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态)
英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态
A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。 (把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。)被动语态的谓语构成: 助动词be＋动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be有am, is, are,was, were, been 几个形式变化。)
助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：The desk is made f wd. The desks are made f wd.He is asked a questin by the teacher.
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构
1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：
by many students.
主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.Many students study English.
2.They make shes in that factry.
in that factry.
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。
3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（① by短语可以省。② by短语 后跟代词的宾格。）
by the teacher.
3.The teacher ften asks him questins.
1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
They make shes in that factry.
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数.
3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的时态 ----即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语/ 宾语.
宾变主,主放后,前加by动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp
They play ftball n Sunday.Lucy des the hmewrk in the evening.They ften use cmputers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.
Ftball is played by them n Sunday.
The hmewrk is dne by Lucy in the evening.
Cmputers are ften used by them in class.
These machines are made in Beijing.
肯定句：主语＋be + 过去分词＋(by ~)否定句：主语＋be nt ＋过去分词＋(by ~)一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋(by ~)? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋ (by ~)
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
is nt studied
1. They bught ten cmputers last term．
by them last term.
2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：
was/were +过去分词
2.We planted many trees last year.
were planted
Ten cmputers
They built the tall building last year.He tk gd care f his little brther yesterday.We cleaned ur classrm just nw.They used this rm fr resting.
The tall building was built by them last year.
His little brther was taken gd care f by him yesterday.
Our classrm was cleaned by us just nw.
This rm was used fr resting by them.
3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：
will be+过去分词
1.They will finish the wrk in ten days.
by them in ten days.
will be finished
2.Tm will clean the rm tmrrw.
will be cleaned
We will have a sprts meeting next week.Children will take sme phts in the schlyard tmrrw.The headmaster will give a talk this afternn.
A sprts meeting will be had by us next week.
Sme phts will be taken by children in the schl tmrrw.
A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternn.
4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：
can/may/must/shuld + be+过去分词
1.Amy can take gd care f Gina ．
can be taken gd care f
2.Yu shuld drink mre water.
shuld be drunk
1.He can take care f the may draw the must turn ff the shuld learn English well.
The baby can be taken care f by him.
The picture may be drawn by Lucy.
The lights must be turned ff by yu.
English shuld be learned well by them.
5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构
is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
1.Sme wrkers are painting the rms nw．
by sme wrkers nw.
are being painted
2.He is watching TV.
is being watched
6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构
have / has ＋been ＋过去分词
1.We have made twenty mre keys．
Twenty mre keys
have been made
2.We have finished ur cmpsitins.
Our cmpsitins
have been finished
am/is/are dne
was/were dne
am/is/are being dne
was/were being dne
shall/will/be ging t be dne
wuld be dne
have/has been dne
had been dne
Such bks are written fr children. 这些书是为儿童写的。I haven’t been tld abut it . 没有人告诉我这件事
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.
It’s / was said / believed / reprted / + that …It’s reprted that abut three hundred peple were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。
（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。
The cup was brken by David.
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.
如：1.He gave me a bk. －I was given a bk by him. （以I做主语） －A bk was given t me by Tm. （以物bk作主语） 2.He teaches us English. －We are taught English by him. （以人当主语） －English is taught t us by him. （以物作主语）
1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾语叫间接宾语）
常见的接双宾语的动词有: t: pass, give, teach, shw, bring, hand fr: make, buy, draw, sing, get,
以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加t或fr.
keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。 We keep fd fresh in the fridge. 主 谓 宾 宾补 －Fd is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him g int the ffice building. －He was seen t g int the ffice building.
2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.
They take gd care f my child. My child is taken gd care f .I turned ff the radi. The radi was turned ff (by me)
3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加－by be cvered with …用…覆盖着 be interested in …对…感兴趣 be surprised at …对…感到惊奇 be made f （frm）用…制造的
动词短语的被动语态 take care f －be taken care f cut dwn －be cut dwn laugh at －be laughed at lk after－be lked after
即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , lk , watch , see , ntice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加t，但变被动句时必须加t.
1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.
t play basketball last Sunday.
2.We heard them sing in the classrm.
t sing in the classrm.
4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。 We ften help each ther. 我们常常互相帮助。 （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belng t …） 如： I like these flwers. 我喜欢这些花。 I will have a meeting. 不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held .
5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况
把下列句子变成被动语态:A car kncked him dwn yesterday.2）Tw dctrs and ten nurses make up the medical team．3）When I gt there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．
A fallen tree was being cut up, when I gt there.
He was kncked dwn by a car yesterday．
The medical team is made up f by tw…．
4)We’ll put n the play next Sunday．5)Wrkers are building a new teaching building in ur schl．6)They had cmpleted the railway by the end f last year．
The play will be put n next Sunday．
A new teaching building is being built by wrkers in ur schl．
The railway had been cmpleted by the end f last year．
填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They ften clean their classrm after schl . （改为被动语态） Their classrm _____ ften ______ by them after schl. 2. Li Lei gave Tm a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tm last week .
was given by
3. A lt f peple in China can speak English nw . （同上） English ______ ____ ______ by a lt f peple in China nw. 4. I have learned English fr abut tw years. （同上） English ______ ______ ______ fr abut tw years. 5. They will publish these stry-bks next mnth. （同上） These stry-bks _____ _____ _____ next mnth.
can be spken
has been learned
will be published
1. In sme cuntries , tea ______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _____ in my hmetwn since 1980. A. have been taken place B. tk place C. have taken place D. were taken place
3. The new type f car is ging t ______ in three years. A. turn ut B. be turned ut C. has turned ut D. have been turned ut4. The wman murdered her friend and ______ t ______. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die
被动语态专项练习：选择填空
5. －D yu like the skirt ? －It _______ sft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. Are yu still here ? Yu were here an hur ag . Wh ________ fr ? A. are yu waiting B. did yu wait C. were yu waiting D. d yu wait
7. _____ t knw Prfessr Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. －I want t sit at the table near the windw. －Srry , ______ already. A. it tk B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken
9. The letter _______ three days ag and it_____ yesterday. A. had pst , had arrived B. was psted , arrived C. psted , arrived D. had been psted , was arrived10. He tld me that the final examinatin _______ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. wuld have given D. wuld be given
11. Water ______ int ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. shuld change D. can be changed 12. Plays ______ twice a mnth in that theatre. A. put n B. are put n C. was put n D. ften put n
13. The birds _______ fly away last Saturday. A. let t B. is let t C. was let D. were let t 14. A strange sund ______ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates. A. sent t B. will sent t C. was sent t D. will be sent fr
16. Miss Chen ______ just ______ t speak at the meeting. A. has …been asked B. has been …asked C. Have been … asked D. have …been asked17. Meat _______ ut in this shp . We can ____ nw. A. have been sld , get nthing B. has been sld , get nthing C. has been sld , get sme D. have been sld , get sme
18. The new play _______ in theatre nw . Why dn’t yu g in and see it ? A. is being shwn B. is shwing C. is shwn D. shws19. Can yu tell _______ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened
20. ______ the jb ______ by Lucy r by Jhn ? Tell me the truth , please. A. Has … finished B. Has …being finished C. Is …finish D. Has …been finished
1.Our schl _____ ＿＿＿＿in 2002.(开办)2.The yung trees must____ ____ ______ well. (照顾)3. _____ this building_________(建成)last year?4.The bk _____ _______(写)by him last year.5. The bridge _______ _______(不建造) 29th Olympic Games will____ ______ (举行) in UK in 2012.
was pened
be lked after
was written
wasn’t built
用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空 1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ （send）up int space ? 2. Last year vegetables _______ (grw）in the garden by Tm and he ______ (sell）them himself. 3. She ______ （help）him with his hmewrk tmrrw evening. 4. Hw many magazines ______（ can brrw）in yur library every week ?
5. Jhn ______（hear）t g upstairs tw hurs ag. 6. －Wh ______ （save）her father ? －He ______ （save）by that pliceman.
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